Journal ArticleCurrent biology : CB · November 2024
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive insect pest in rice. Through a stylet, BPH secretes a plethora of salivary proteins into rice phloem cells as a crucial step of infestation. However, how various salivary proteins function in rice cells t ...
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Journal ArticleNature plants · September 2024
Over the past three decades, researchers have isolated plant mutants that show constitutively activated defence responses in the absence of pathogen infection. These mutants are called autoimmune mutants and are typically dwarf and/or bearing chlorotic/nec ...
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Journal ArticleTrends in Microbiology · January 1, 2024
The AvrE family of type III secreted effectors are highly conserved among many agriculturally important phytopathogenic bacteria. Despite their critical roles in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic bacteria, the molecular functions and virulence mechanisms ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular cell · December 2023
The multi-pass transmembrane protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) is an immune regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana with an unclear biochemical mode of action. We have identified two loci, MODULATOR OF HYPERACTIVE ACD6 1 (MHA1) and its paralog MHA1-LIKE (M ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · October 2023
Plant immunity depends on the secretion of antimicrobial proteins, which occurs through yet-largely unknown mechanisms. The trans-Golgi network (TGN), a hub for intracellular and extracellular trafficking pathways, and the cytoskeleton, which is required f ...
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Journal ArticleNature plants · September 2023
Although many studies have shown that microbes can ectopically stimulate or suppress plant immune responses, the fundamental question of whether the entire preexisting microbiota is indeed required for proper development of plant immune response remains un ...
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Journal ArticleNature · September 2023
Many animal- and plant-pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells1,2. Elucidation of how these effector proteins function in host cells is critical for understanding infectious diseases in animals and p ...
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Journal ArticlebioRxiv · July 4, 2023
Over the past three decades, researchers have isolated plant mutants that display constitutively activated defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection. These mutants are called autoimmune mutants and are typically dwarf and/or bearing chlorotic/ ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of plant biology · May 2023
The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants are colonized by a variety of microbes that collectively constitute the phyllosphere microbiota. Decades of pioneering work using individual phyllosphere microbes, including commensals and pathogens, have provide ...
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Journal ArticleNature · January 2023
Phytohormone signalling pathways have an important role in defence against pathogens mediated by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat class immune receptors1,2 (NLR). Pathogens have ...
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Journal ArticleFrontiers in plant science · January 2023
To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple ...
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Journal ArticleThe New phytologist · November 2022
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming one of the most recalcitrant rice diseases worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice immunity against U. virens remain unknown. Using genetic, biochemical and disease resistance ...
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Journal ArticleNature · July 2022
Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid (SA), a central plant defence hormone1-3, is particularly vulnera ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent biology : CB · June 2022
Walking through a garden or a crop field, you may notice that plants damaged by pests (insects or pathogens) look smaller than the same kind of plants nearby that are not damaged. An obvious explanation would be that damaged plants may have lost substantia ...
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Journal ArticleNature · May 2022
Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas exchange and water vapour1,2. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to dehydration and limits pathogen entry3,4. However, prolonged stoma ...
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Journal ArticlePlant communications · May 2022
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes rice bacterial leaf streak, invades leaves mainly through stomata, which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion. How Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is unclear. Here, we sh ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2022
SignificancePlants evolved in an environment colonized by a vast number of microbes, which collectively constitute the plant microbiota. The majority of microbiota taxa are nonpathogenic and may be beneficial to plants under certain ecological or environme ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · April 2022
High atmospheric humidity levels profoundly impact host-pathogen interactions in plants by enabling the establishment of an aqueous living space that benefits pathogens. The effectors HopM1 and AvrE1 of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae have been ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences · April 2022
A key step in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling is the ligand-dependent assembly of a coreceptor complex comprising the F-box protein COI1 and JAZ transcriptional repressors. The assembly of this receptor complex results in proteasome-mediated degradation of JA ...
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Journal ArticleScience advances · March 2022
Global crop production is greatly reduced by vascular diseases. These diseases include bacterial blight of rice and crucifer black rot caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
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Journal ArticleEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · January 2022
Application of nanopesticides may substantially increase surface attachment and internalization of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in food crops. This study investigated the role of stomata in the internalization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using absc ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2022
In the past two decades, research into the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis has led to the conclusion that although different bacteria may use unique mechanisms to subvert hosts, a few strategies are common. One striking example is the discovery t ...
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Journal ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · December 2021
Understanding the molecular determinants underlying the interaction between the leaf and human pathogenic bacteria is key to provide the foundation to develop science-based strategies to prevent or decrease the pathogen contamination of leafy greens. In th ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · December 2021
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylic acid (SA), target mammalian cyclooxygenases. In plants, SA is a defense hormone that regulates NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the master transcriptional regulator of ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of environmental management · November 2021
Microbial pathogen contamination is a leading cause of impairment for urban rivers and streams in Michigan. Reports on the ability of green infrastructure best management practices to remove microbial pathogens have been highly variable. This study evaluat ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · September 2021
The Xanthomonas outer protein C2 (XopC2) family of bacterial effectors is widely found in plant pathogens and Legionella species. However, the biochemical activity and host targets of these effectors remain enigmatic. Here we show that ectopic expression o ...
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Journal ArticleNature plants · May 2021
Maintaining microbiome structure is critical for the health of both plants and animals. By re-screening a collection of Arabidopsis mutants affecting root immunity and hormone crosstalk, we identified a FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase mutant (fer-8) with a r ...
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Journal ArticleNature protocols · May 2021
The complex structure and function of a plant microbiome are driven by many variables, including the environment, microbe-microbe interactions and host factors. Likewise, resident microbiota can influence many host phenotypes. Gnotobiotic growth systems an ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · April 2021
Featured Publication
A grand challenge facing plant scientists today is to find innovative solutions to increase global crop production in the context of an increasingly warming climate. A major roadblock to global food sufficiency is persistent loss of crops to plant diseases ...
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Journal ArticleNature · April 2021
Featured Publication
The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants possess a two-tiered innate immune system, called pattern-triggered immunit ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS pathogens · April 2021
A diverse community of microorganisms inhabits various parts of a plant. Recent findings indicate that perturbations to the normal microbiota can be associated with positive and negative effects on plant health. In this review, we discuss these findings in ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · December 2020
Featured Publication
Pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity are two primary forms of innate immunity in land plants. The molecular components and connecting nodes of pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity are not fully understood. Here, ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · October 2020
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, yet how Las causes HLB is poorly understood. Here we show that a Las-secreted protein, SDE15 (CLIBASIA_04025), s ...
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Journal Article · September 25, 2020
AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) and its structural analogs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that target mammalian cyclooxygenases. In plants, SA acts as a defense hormone that regulates NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGE ...
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Journal ArticleNature · April 2020
The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants, collectively called the phyllosphere, have a key role in the global balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen. The phyllosphere represents one of the most abundant habitats for microbiota colonization. Wh ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · March 2020
A hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to maintain physiological homeostasis by communicating among cells, tissues, and organs. In plants, intercellular communication is largely dependent on plasmodesmata (PD), which are membrane-lined chan ...
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Chapter · January 2020
In the jasmonate signaling pathway, a region of 17 amino acids within the Jas motif of JAZ proteins and a conserved region within the N-terminus of MYC proteins are sufficient for JAZ-MYC interactions. Crystal structures of Jas-MYC complexes have revealed ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2019
For the past 4 decades, intensive molecular studies of mostly leaf mesophyll cell-infecting pathogens and chewing insects have led to compelling models of plant-pathogen and plant-insect interactions. Yet, some of the most devastating pathogens and insect ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · August 2019
In the past four decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding how plants respond to microbial colonization and how microbial pathogens and symbionts reprogram plant cellular processes. In contrast, our knowledge of how environmental conditio ...
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Journal ArticleThe New phytologist · April 2019
Plants mount coordinated immune responses to defend themselves against pathogens. However, the cellular components required for plant immunity are not fully understood. The jasmonate-mimicking coronatine (COR) toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tom ...
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Journal ArticleArchives of microbiology · July 2018
Burkholderia anthina XXVI is a rhizosphere bacterium isolated from a mango orchard in Mexico. This strain has a significant biological control activity against the causal agent of mango anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, likely through the produc ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2018
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ancient signaling pathway designed to protect cells from the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because misregulation of the UPR is potentially lethal, a stringent su ...
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Journal ArticleNature reviews. Microbiology · May 2018
Pseudomonas syringae is one of the best-studied plant pathogens and serves as a model for understanding host-microorganism interactions, bacterial virulence mechanisms and host adaptation of pathogens as well as microbial evolution, ecology and epidemiolog ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent biology : CB · May 2018
Global environmental changes caused by natural and human activities have accelerated in the past 200Â years. The increase in greenhouse gases is predicted to continue to raise global temperature and change water availability in the 21st century. ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · March 2018
Plant pathogens can cause serious diseases that impact global agriculture. The plant innate immunity, when fully activated, can halt pathogen growth in plants. Despite extensive studies into the molecular and genetic bases of plant immunity against pathoge ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · February 2018
Throughout their life plants are associated with various microorganisms, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens are genetically adapted to aggressively colonize and proliferate in host plants to cause disease. However, dise ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · November 2017
Environmental conditions profoundly affect plant disease development; however, the underlying molecular bases are not well understood. Here we show that elevated temperature significantly increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae ...
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Journal ArticleThe New phytologist · September 2017
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) promotes the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins to relieve repression on diverse transcription factors (TFs) that execute JA responses. However, little is known about how combinatorial complexity among JAZ-T ...
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Journal ArticleThe New phytologist · June 2017
Plants are continuously threatened by pathogen attack and, as such, they have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens. However, it is not known what types of defense mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend aga ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of experimental botany · March 2017
Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens and herbivores. Perception of pathogen or herbivore attack promotes synthesis of j ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 2017
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) transcriptional repressors play a key role in regulating jasmonate (JA) signaling in plants. Below a threshold concentration of jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile), the active form of JA, the C-terminal Jas motif of JAZ proteins binds ...
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Chapter · January 2017
Animal and plant pathogenic bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors to subvert innate immunity of their host organisms. Type III secretion/effector systems are a crucial pathogenicity factor in many bacterial pathogen ...
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Journal ArticlePlant methods · January 2017
BackgroundThe ability to target and manipulate protein-based cellular processes would accelerate plant research; yet, the technology to specifically and selectively target plant-expressed proteins is still in its infancy. Leucine-rich repeats (LRR ...
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Journal ArticleNature · November 2016
High humidity has a strong influence on the development of numerous diseases affecting the above-ground parts of plants (the phyllosphere) in crop fields and natural ecosystems, but the molecular basis of this humidity effect is not understood. Previous st ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2016
Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Currently, 30 BPH-resistance genes have been genetically defined, most of which are clustered on specific chromosome regi ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · October 2016
It is an apparent conundrum how plants evolved effector-triggered immunity (ETI), involving programmed cell death (PCD), as a major defence mechanism against biotrophic pathogens, because ETI-associated PCD could leave them vulnerable to necrotrophic patho ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · July 2016
The plant cytoskeleton underpins the function of a multitude of cellular mechanisms, including those associated with developmental- and stress-associated signaling processes. In recent years, the actin cytoskeleton has been demonstrated to play a key role ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · June 2016
The WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs) functions as transcriptional activators or repressors in various signaling pathways. In this study, we discovered that OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76, two genes of the WRKY IIa subfamily, undergo constitutive and induc ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2015
In the past decade, characterization of the host targets of pathogen virulence factors took a center stage in the study of pathogenesis and disease susceptibility in plants and humans. However, the impressive knowledge of host targets has not been broadly ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · September 2015
Many bacterial pathogens of plants and animals deliver effector proteins into host cells to promote infection. Elucidation of how pathogen effector proteins function not only is critical for understanding bacterial pathogenesis but also provides a useful t ...
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Journal ArticleNature · September 2015
The plant hormone jasmonate plays crucial roles in regulating plant responses to herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens and is an important regulator of plant growth and development. Key mediators of jasmonate signalling include MYC transcription fact ...
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Journal ArticlePlant J · August 2015
Despite the importance of host-microbe interactions in natural ecosystems, agriculture and medicine, the impact of long-term (especially decades or longer) microbial colonization on the dynamics of host genomes is not well understood. The vegetable crop 'J ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · August 2014
Growth-defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal factors. These tradeoffs have profound implications in agriculture and na ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · July 2014
Biotic stress constrains plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Repression of photosynthetic genes is a conserved plant response to biotic attack, but how this transcriptional reprogramming is linked to changes in photosynthesis and the ...
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Journal ArticleThe New phytologist · April 2014
Successful pathogens counter immunity at multiple levels, mostly through the action of effectors. Pseudomonas syringae secretes c. 30 effectors, some of which have been shown to inhibit plant immunity triggered upon perception of conserved pathogen-associa ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · March 2014
Innate immunity relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) located on the host cell's surface. Many plant PRRs are kinases. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis receptor kinase EF-TU R ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS pathogens · October 2013
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens deliver a variety of virulence proteins through the type III secretion system (T3SS) directly into the host cytoplasm. These type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) play an essential role in bacterial infection, mainly by targ ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · August 2013
The pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) proteins belong to the super-family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. AtPDR8, also called PEN3, is required for penetration resistance of Arabidopsis to nonadapted powdery mildew fungi. During fungal infectio ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2013
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used as one of the most effective control measures in the global fight against agricultural arthropod pests and mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria and dengue. They exert toxic effects by altering the function of v ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · June 2013
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) activates gene expression by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of jasmonate ZIM domain (JAZ) transcriptional repressor proteins. A key feature of all JAZ proteins is the highly conserved Jas motif, which mediates bo ...
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Journal ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2013
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC30000 (Pst DC3000) infection of Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely used to elucidate many of the general principles underlying the plant immune response and bacterial pathogenesis. Study of Pst DC3000 virulence factors h ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of phytopathology · January 2013
Since the early 1980s, various strains of the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae have been used as models for understanding plant-bacterial interactions. In 1991, a P. syringae pathovar tomato (Pst) strain, DC3000, was reported to infect ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · December 2012
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) plays an important role in regulating growth, development and immunity. A key step in JA signaling is ligand-dependent assembly of a coreceptor complex consisting of the F-box protein COI1 and JAZ transcriptional repressors ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · June 2012
Phytopathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling to access nutrients and counteract defense responses. Pseudomonas syringae produces coronatine, a toxin that mimics the plant hormone jasmonic acid isoleucine and promotes opening of stomata for bacteri ...
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Journal ArticleApplied Physics Letters · March 5, 2012
A microwave ultra-broadband polarization-independent metamaterial absorber is demonstrated. It is composed of a periodic array of metal-dielectric multilayered quadrangular frustum pyramids. These pyramids possess resonant absorption modes at multi ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · December 2011
Production of disease symptoms represents the final phase of infectious diseases and is a main cause of crop loss and/or marketability. However, little is known about the molecular basis of disease symptom development. In this study, a genetic screening wa ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS pathogens · October 2011
Bacterial infection of plants often begins with colonization of the plant surface, followed by entry into the plant through wounds and natural openings (such as stomata), multiplication in the intercellular space (apoplast) of the infected tissues, and dis ...
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Journal ArticleBMC plant biology · September 2011
BackgroundSystemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is an induced resistance response to pathogens, characterized by the translocation of a long-distance signal from induced leaves to distant tissues to prime them for increased resistance to future infec ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · June 2011
Innate immunity in plants can be triggered by microbe- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is often suppressed by pathogen effectors delivered into the host cell. Plants can overcom ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · April 2011
Dickeya dadantii is a plant-pathogenic enterobacterium responsible for the soft rot disease of many plants of economic importance. We present here the sequence of strain 3937, a strain widely used as a model system for research on the molecular biology and ...
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Journal ArticleNature · November 2010
Jasmonates are a family of plant hormones that regulate plant growth, development and responses to stress. The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) mediates jasmonate signalling by promoting hormone-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of tran ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in biotechnology · October 2010
Stomata are microscopic pores formed by pairs of guard cells in the epidermis of terrestrial plants; they are essential for gas exchange with the environment and controlling water loss. Accordingly, plants regulate stomatal aperture in response to environm ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · July 2010
The FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) receptor kinase recognizes bacterial flagellin and initiates a battery of downstream defense responses to reduce bacterial invasion through stomata in the epidermis and bacterial multiplication in the apoplast of infected plan ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · April 2010
As part of innate immune signaling, plants employ a suite of receptors, kinases, and resistance proteins to recognize pathogen-derived effector proteins. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhang et al. provide evidence refining the link between multiple ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · June 2009
The broadly conserved AvrE-family of type III effectors from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria includes important virulence factors, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which these effectors function inside plant cells to promote disease. We ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · May 2009
For many years, research on a suite of plant defense responses that begin when plants are exposed to general microbial elicitors was underappreciated, for a good reason: There has been no critical experimental demonstration of their importance in mediating ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · April 2009
Membrane trafficking plays a fundamental role in eukaryotic cell biology. Of the numerous known or predicted protein components of the plant cell trafficking system, only a relatively small subset have been characterized with respect to their biological ro ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · March 2009
In plants and animals, induced resistance (IR) to biotic and abiotic stress is associated with priming of cells for faster and stronger activation of defense responses. It has been hypothesized that cell priming involves accumulation of latent signaling co ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · December 2008
Stomata in the epidermis of terrestrial plants are important for CO2 absorption and transpirational water loss, and are also potential points of entry for pathogens. Stomatal opening and closure are controlled by distinct mechanisms. Arabidopsis stomata ha ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · September 2008
SummaryCoronatine is an important virulence factor produced by several pathovars of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. The structure of coronatine is similar to that of a class of plant hormones called jasmonates (JAs). An important step ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · August 2008
Plants and animals sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and in turn differentially regulate a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the extent to which the miRNA pathway contributes to innate immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that mi ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2008
Jasmonate (JA) is a lipid-derived hormone that regulates diverse aspects of plant immunity and development. An amino acid-conjugated form of JA, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), stimulates binding of the F-box protein coronatine-insensitive 1 (COI1) to, and ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2008
Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight of apple, pear and other rosaceous plants and elicits plant defense responses in non-host plants. Required for these interactions are the clustered bacterial hrp genes, which encode a large set of proteins broadly conse ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2008
Pathogenesis of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, requires injection of the effector protein DspE into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Secretion is facilitated by the chaperone protein DspF, but the portion of DspE re ...
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Book · January 2008
Pathogen entry into host tissue is a critical first step in causing infection. For foliar bacterial plant pathogens, natural surface openings, such as stomata, are important entry sites. Historically, these surface openings have been considered as passive ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · December 2007
The NPR1 gene plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance in plants. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis and rice results in increased disease resistance and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. An NPR1 homolog, MpNPR1-1, was clon ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · December 2007
To successfully colonize plants, pathogens have evolved a myriad of virulence factors that allow them to manipulate host cellular pathways in order to gain entry into, multiply and move within, and eventually exit the host for a new infection cycle. In the ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · November 2007
The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain DC3000 infects tomato and Arabidopsis plants, and is a model for studying the molecular basis of bacterial disease. Pst DC3000 secretes a battery of largely uncharacterized effector protei ...
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Journal ArticleNature · August 2007
Jasmonate and related signalling compounds have a crucial role in both host immunity and development in plants, but the molecular details of the signalling mechanism are poorly understood. Here we identify members of the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein ...
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Journal ArticleCellular microbiology · July 2007
Stomata are microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO(2) to diffuse into the plant. The size of the stomatal pore changes in response to environmental condit ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2007
The fire blight disease of apple (Malus x domestica), caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is difficult to manage on most cultivars because of their susceptibility and the paucity of effective control materials. Because of apple's heterozygosity, sel ...
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Journal ArticleCell · September 2006
Microbial entry into host tissue is a critical first step in causing infection in animals and plants. In plants, it has been assumed that microscopic surface openings, such as stomata, serve as passive ports of bacterial entry during infection. Surprisingl ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · July 2006
Plants have evolved a powerful immune system to defend against infection by most microbial organisms. However, successful pathogens, such as Pseudomonas syringae, have developed countermeasures and inject virulence proteins into the host plant cell to supp ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · June 2006
The enterobacterium Erwinia amylovora is a devastating plant pathogen causing necrotrophic fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. In an attempt to identify genes induced during infection of host plants, we identified and cloned a p ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · April 2006
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) is a virulent pathogen that causes disease on tomato and Arabidopsis. The type III secretion system (TTSS) plays a key role in pathogenesis by translocating virulence effectors from the bacteria into the plant h ...
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Journal ArticleActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2006
The NPR1 gene is thought to be pivotal in the defense cascade caused by systemic acquired resistance and by R gene resistance in plants. Its over-expression in Arabidopsis and rice has resulted in increased disease resistance and elevated PR-gene expressio ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · August 2005
Despite impressive advances in the study of plant resistance to pathogens, little is known about the molecular basis of plant susceptibility to virulent pathogens. Recent progress in susceptible plant-Pseudomonas syringae interactions has provided a glimps ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry · June 2005
The Hrp pilus plays an essential role in the long-distance type III translocation of effector proteins from bacteria into plant cells. HrpA is the structural subunit of the Hrp pilus in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Little is known about th ...
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Journal ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta · November 2004
The type III protein secretion system (TTSS) is a complex organelle in the envelope of many Gram-negative bacteria; it delivers potentially hundreds of structurally diverse bacterial virulence proteins into plant and animal cells to modulate host cellular ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry · October 2004
In mammalian cells, induced expression of arginase in response to wound trauma and pathogen infection plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of L-arginine to either polyamines or nitric oxide (NO). In higher plants, which also utilize arginin ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · June 2004
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated host immunity plays a central role in combating microbial pathogens in plants. Inactivation of SA-mediated immunity, therefore, would be a critical step in the evolution of a successful plant pathogen. It is known that mutation ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2004
The NPR1 gene is thought to be pivotal in the defense cascade caused by systemic acquired resistance and by R gene resistance in plants. Its over-expression in Arabidopsis and rice has resulted in increased disease resistance and elevated PR-gene expressio ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · November 2003
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000) causes bacterial speck disease on tomato. The pathogenicity of Pst DC3000 depends on both the type III secretion system that delivers virulence effector proteins into host cells and the phytotoxin ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular microbiology · September 2003
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that injects virulence effector proteins into host cells via a type III secretion system (TTSS). TTSS-deficient mutants have a Hrp- phenotype, that is, they cannot elicit the hy ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · August 31, 2003
To prove the concept that genetic engineering could be used to create fire blight (FB) resistant strains of apple cultivars, 'Royal Gala' ('RG') was transformed using Agrobacterium with genes for several heterologous lytic proteins (LP), driven by constitu ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2003
Bacterial effector proteins secreted through the type III secretion system (TTSS) play a crucial role in causing plant and human diseases. Although the ability of type III effectors to trigger defense responses in resistant plants is well understood, the d ...
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Journal ArticleMicrobes and infection · April 2003
The type III secretion system is an essential virulence system used by many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to deliver effector proteins into host cells. This review summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of the type III secretion system of ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · March 2003
It is poorly understood why a particular plant species is resistant to the vast majority of potential pathogens that infect other plant species, a phenomenon referred to as "nonhost" resistance. Here, we show that Arabidopsis NHO1, encoding a glycerol kina ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in microbiology · February 2003
Plant pathogenic bacteria deliver avirulence and virulence effector proteins into plant cells via the hrp-gene-encoded type III secretion system. A key component of this secretion system is a surface appendage called the Hrp pilus. Recent results suggest t ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular microbiology · September 2002
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain DC3000 infects the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, causing disease symptoms characterized by necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorosis. One mechanism used by Pst DC3000 to infect host plants is the ...
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Journal ArticlePlant disease · July 2002
Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard 50 WG), a synthetic inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, was evaluated for the control of fire blight on apple trees in the field and for PR protein gene expression in app ...
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Journal ArticleFEMS microbiology letters · January 2002
An 8551-bp plasmid, pFQ11, from Frankia alni strain CpI1 was sequenced. Its sequence was found to be very similar to that presented for pFQ31 from strain ArI3. Six potential protein-encoding open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, and transcriptional a ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 2002
The pathogenicity of Erwinia amylovora is controlled in part by the type III protein secretion system, which is encoded by hrp genes. When grown in medium that induces hrp gene expression, E. amylovora strain Ea110 assembled pili. Immunogold labeling and g ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · December 2001
Bacterial surface appendages called pili and needle-like filaments are associated with protein and/or DNA transfer to recipient plant, human, or bacterial cells during pathogenesis or conjugation. Although it has long been suspected that pili function as a ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular microbiology · June 2001
Pili are required for protein and/or DNA transfer from bacteria to recipient plant or bacterial cells, based on genetic evidence. However, it has never been shown directly that the effector proteins or DNA are localized along or inside the pili in situ. Fa ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · February 2001
Hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) genes are required for Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 to cause disease in susceptible tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana plants and to elicit the hypersensitive response in resistant plants. The hr ...
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Journal ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology · August 2000
The efficacy of cloning a recombinant mycotoxin antibody in plants was tested using Arabidopsis as a model. An antizearalenone single-chain Fv (scFv) DNA fragment was first cloned in the newly constructed phage display vector (pEY.5) and then recloned in t ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · July 2000
The hrmA gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae has previously been shown to confer avirulence on the virulent bacterium P. syringae pv. tabaci in all examined tobacco cultivars. We expressed this gene in tobacco plants under the control of the tobacc ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 2000
Bacterial surface appendages called pili often are associated with DNA and/or protein transfer between cells. The exact function of pili in the transfer process is not understood and is a matter of considerable debate. The Hrp pilus is assembled by the Hrp ...
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Journal ArticlePlant Physiology and Biochemistry · January 1, 2000
The NDR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is required for resistance to certain pathogens. Tobacco NDR1 and HIN1 share sequence similarity and are inducible in response to pathogen infection. In this study, 29 open reading frames were identified in Arabidopsis ...
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ConferenceActa Horticulturae · January 1, 1999
Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight on apple and pear trees. It elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) on nonhost plant species, such as tobacco. The long-term goal of this project is to produce fire-blight-resistant apple plants expressin ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · October 1998
The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another h ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of phytopathology · January 1998
Among many interesting and sophisticated mechanisms used by bacterial pathogens to subvert eukaryotic hosts is a class of specialized protein secretion systems (known as type III protein secretion systems) that deliver bacterial virulence proteins directly ...
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Journal ArticleTrends in microbiology · December 1997
Plant pathogenic bacteria appear to deliver avirulence and virulence proteins through the cell wall and into the host cells via an Hrp (hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity)-encoded type III secretion system. Recent results suggest that there is a sim ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 1997
Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes control the ability of major groups of plant pathogenic bacteria to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in resistant plants and to cause disease in susceptible plants. A number of Hrp proteins share ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · November 1996
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces seven to eight major extracellular proteins (EXPs) in a minimal medium inducing hrp genes. Using a polyclonal antibody against DC3000 EXPs, we have determined that the production and secretion of five EXPs (E ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · October 1996
Two classes of bacterial genes are involved in the elicitation of the plant hypersensitive response (HR) in resistant plants: hrp genes and avr genes. hrp genes have been shown to be involved in the production and secretion of a new class of bacterial viru ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · July 1996
The nonpathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli can elicit a genotype-specific hypersensitive response (HR) in plants if they express both the HR and pathogenesis (Hrp) protein secretion system and the HrpZ harpin from P. syringae p ...
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Journal ArticlePlant Journal · January 1, 1996
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible plant defense response and is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Biological induction of SAR usually follows plant cell death resulting from the plant hypersensitive response (HR) elicited by ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions · January 1, 1996
Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae produce elicitors of the hypersensitive reaction (HR), harphiEa and harpinPss, respectively. HarpinEa causes K+ efflux and extracellular alkalinization in suspension-cultured cells of tobacco. These r ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · September 1995
The Pseudomonas syringae pathovars are composed of host-specific plant pathogens that characteristically elicit the defense-associated hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants. P. s. pv. syringae 61 secretes an HR elicitor, harpinPss (HrpZPss), in a ...
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Journal ArticleCell · July 1993
The ability of P. syringae to elicit the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants or pathogenesis in hosts is controlled by hrp genes. The P. syringae pv. syringae 61 hrpZ gene encodes harpinPss, a 34.7 kd extracellular protein that elicits hypersensitive ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · November 1992
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 contains a 25-kb cluster of hrp genes that are required for elicitation of the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. TnphoA mutagenesis of cosmid pHIR11, which contains the hrp cluster, revealed two genes encoding ex ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · July 1992
A proteinaceous elicitor of the plant defense reaction known as the hypersensitive response was isolated from Erwinia amylovora, the bacterium that causes fire blight of pear, apple, and other rosaceous plants. The elicitor, named harpin, is an acidic, hea ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · July 1991
The plant pathogenic enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 secretes several extracellular, plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including pectate lyase isozyme PelE. Secretion kinetics of 35S-labeled PelE indicated that the precursor of PelE was rapidly ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 1991
The out genes of the enterobacterial plant pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi are responsible for the efficient extracellular secretion of multiple plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including four isozymes of pectate lyase, exo-poly-alpha-D-galacturonosidase, ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · December 1990
The ability of Erwinia chrysanthemi to cause soft-rot diseases involving tissue maceration in many plants has been linked to the production of endo-pectate lyase E. chrysanthemi EC16 mutant UM1005, however, contains deletions in the pel genes that encode t ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · September 1990
The pehX gene encoding extracellular exo-poly-alpha-D-galacturonosidase (exoPG; EC 3.2.1.82) was isolated from a genomic library of the pectate lyase-deficient Erwinia chrysanthemi mutant UM1005 (a Nalr Kanr delta pelABCE derivative of EC16) by immunoscree ...
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