Scholars@Duke
Richard Samuel Surwit

Richard Samuel Surwit

Professor Emeritus in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
surwi001@mc.duke.edu
Box 3862 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
3rd Floor Duke South Room 3087, Box 3862, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Time of Day When Type 1 Diabetes Patients With Eating Disorder Symptoms Most Commonly Restrict Insulin.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 2018 OBJECTIVE: Restricting insulin to lose weight is a significant problem in the clinical management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Little is known about this behavior or how to effectively intervene. Identifying when insulin restriction occurs could allow clinici ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glycemic responsivity to adrenergic stimulation and genetic predisposition to type II diabetes

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Since the 1980s, great strides have been made in the understanding of pathophysiology at the molecular level. Reverse genetic methods have been used to identify the mechanisms by which genetic defects cause a cascade of biochemical events leading to the de ... Full text Cite

Momentary Predictors of Insulin Restriction Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Eating Disorder Symptomatology.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · November 2015 OBJECTIVE: Individuals with type 1 diabetes who restrict insulin to control weight are at high risk for diabetes-related complications and premature death. However, little is known about this behavior or how to effectively intervene. The aim of the current ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between central nervous system serotonin, fasting glucose, and hostility in African American females.

Journal Article Ann Behav Med · February 2015 BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown an association between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women. Central nervous system serotonin activity is implicated both in metabolic processes and in hostility related traits. PURPOSE: The purpos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disinhibited eating and weight-related insulin mismanagement among individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Journal Article Appetite · October 2014 OBJECTIVE: Withholding insulin for weight control is a dangerous practice among individuals with type 1 diabetes; yet little is known about the factors associated with this behavior. Studies of nondiabetic individuals with weight concerns suggest that eati ... Full text Link to item Cite

The how and why of stress, diabetes, and the brain.

Journal Article Am J Manag Care · May 2014 Link to item Cite

Psyllium improves glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

Journal Article Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre · April 1, 2013 Objective: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the effects of psyllium on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c in patients being treated for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods: ... Full text Cite

Pilot Study of Caffeine Abstinence for Control of Chronic Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes.

Journal Article J Caffeine Res · May 24, 2012 BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that caffeinated beverages may impair chronic glucose control in type 2 diabetes. This pilot study tested the chronic effects of caffeine abstinence on glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients who were dai ... Full text Link to item Cite

EPINEPHRINE, TRUNK FAT AND FASTING GLUCOSE

Journal Article ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE · April 1, 2012 Link to item Cite

Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.

Journal Article Am J Hypertens · February 2012 BACKGROUND: Adiposity, or more specifically, underlying body fat distribution, has been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), and it has been suggested that these associations vary between whites and blacks, as well as by gender. METHODS: Here, we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central nervous system serotonin and clustering of hostility, psychosocial, metabolic, and cardiovascular endophenotypes in men.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · September 2010 OBJECTIVE: To use measures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and genotype of a functional polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR) to study the role of central nervous system (CNS) serotonin in cluste ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma epinephrine predicts fasting glucose in centrally obese African-American women.

Journal Article Obesity (Silver Spring) · September 2010 The high prevalence of diabetes in African-American (AA) women has been widely assumed to be related to the greater prevalence of obesity in this group. Catecholamine release acting on central adipose tissue has been proposed to be a contributing factor. T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hostility and minimal model of glucose kinetics in African American women.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · July 2009 OBJECTIVE: To explore the underlying physiology of hostility (HOST) and to test the hypothesis that HOST has a greater impact on fasting glucose in African American (AA) women than it does on AA men or white men or women, using an intravenous glucose toler ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hostility and fasting glucose in African American women.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · July 2009 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the relationship of hostility (HOST) to fasting glucose indices is moderated by sex and race. HOST has been associated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Prior studies suggested that this association may be more prevale ... Full text Link to item Cite

A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance.

Journal Article Cell Metab · April 2009 Metabolomic profiling of obese versus lean humans reveals a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related metabolite signature that is suggestive of increased catabolism of BCAA and correlated with insulin resistance. To test its impact on metabolic homeostasis ... Full text Link to item Cite

A convenient LC-MS method for assessment of glucose kinetics in vivo with D-[13C6]glucose as a tracer.

Journal Article Clin Chem · March 2009 BACKGROUND: The isotope-labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) combined with computer modeling is widely used to derive parameters related to glucose metabolism in vivo. Most of these methods involve use of either (2)H(2)-labeled or (13)C(1)-la ... Full text Link to item Cite

HPA axis function in male caregivers: effect of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR).

Journal Article Biol Psychol · October 2008 Caregiving stress is associated with negative health outcomes. Neuroendocrine functioning may be a mediator of such outcomes. The MAOA gene regulates activity of neurotransmitters involved with neuroendocrine responses to stress. Differences in polymorphis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Direct-to-patient expert system and home INR monitoring improves control of oral anticoagulation.

Journal Article J Thromb Thrombolysis · August 2008 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Internet-based disease management programs have the potential to improve patient care. The objective of this study was to determine whether an interactive, internet-based system enabling supervised, patient self-management of oral ... Full text Link to item Cite

Childhood socioeconomic status and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism enhance cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · January 2008 OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status (SES) and the 5HTTLPR L allele are associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress in a larger sample and that SES and 5HTTLPR genotypes interact to enhance CVR to stress. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depressive symptoms, race, and glucose concentrations: the role of cortisol as mediator.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · October 2007 OBJECTIVE: This study examined the associations of depressive symptoms with glucose concentrations and morning cortisol levels in 665 African-American and 4,216 Caucasian Vietnam-era veterans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glucose level was measured as a th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations of a regulatory polymorphism of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR) with symptoms of depression and sleep quality.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · June 2007 OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among the variable number of tandem repeats in the monoamine oxidase-A linked polymorphic region allelic variation (MAOA-uVNTR) and the symptoms of depression and sleep quality. The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in depressive symptoms and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · April 2007 OBJECTIVE: To investigate if changes in depressive symptoms would be associated with changes in glycemic control over a 12-month period in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Ninety (Type 1 diabetes, n = 28; Type 2 diabetes, n = 62) patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exaggeration of postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by administration of caffeine in coffee.

Journal Article Endocr Pract · 2007 OBJECTIVE: To test whether caffeine administered in coffee increases postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes who are habitual coffee drinkers. METHODS: The study used a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental desig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment regimen determines the relationship between depression and glycemic control.

Journal Article Diabetes Res Clin Pract · July 2005 UNLABELLED: Several recent studies have suggested that depression is related to poorer glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that complexity of self-care regimen rather than the type of diabetes, is m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neighborhood characteristics moderate effects of caregiving on glucose functioning.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 2005 OBJECTIVE: Adverse neighborhood environments and caregiving for a relative with dementia are both stressors that have been associated with poor health. The present study examined the extent to which three self-report measures of neighborhood characteristic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic vulnerability to diet-induced obesity in the C57BL/6J mouse: physiological and molecular characteristics.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · April 2004 The development of the metabolic syndrome in an increasing percentage of the populations of Western societies, particularly in the United States, requires valid models for establishing basic biochemical changes and performing preclinical studies on potenti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fat, carbohydrate, and calories in the development of diabetes and obesity in the C57BL/6J mouse.

Journal Article Metabolism · April 2004 We have previously shown that the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse will develop obesity and diabetes if raised on a high-fat diet. Because high fat feeding is associated with hyperphagia, the present study was designed to separate the effects of fat from those of exces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Distinct properties and advantages of a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated protein [gamma] selective modulator.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · April 2003 Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and non-TZD compounds have been shown to serve as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel non-TZD selective PPAR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence for metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in subjects recovered from anorexia nervosa.

Journal Article Metabolism · March 2003 Subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN) at low weight display metabolic, endocrine, and behavioral abnormalities. Whether these various differences are a consequence of the condition and persist after recovery is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hostility, race, and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic individuals.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · May 2002 OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to determine whether hostility is differentially related to measures of glucose metabolism in African-Americans and Caucasians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relationship of hostility, as measured by a subset of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stress management improves long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · January 2002 OBJECTIVE: There is conflicting evidence regarding the utility of stress management training in the treatment of diabetes. The few studies that have shown a therapeutic effect of stress management have used time-intensive individual therapy. Unfortunately, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examination of the neuroticism-symptom reporting relationship in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 2002 The current study utilized a within-subject, experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine the relationship between neuroticism (N) and physical symptom reports. Individuals with type 2 diabetes monitored diabetes-related symptoms, rated negative and po ... Full text Cite

Adrenoceptors, uncoupling proteins, and energy expenditure.

Journal Article Exp Biol Med (Maywood) · December 2001 Interest in the biology of adipose tissue has undergone a revival in recent years with the discovery of a host of genes that contribute to the regulation of satiety and metabolic rate. The catecholamines have long been known to be key modulators of adipose ... Full text Link to item Cite

Independent effects of fat vs calories on diabetes and obesity.

Journal Article OBESITY RESEARCH · September 1, 2001 Link to item Cite

Revisiting lessons from the C57BL/6J mouse.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · May 2001 Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral science research in diabetes: lifestyle changes related to obesity, eating behavior, and physical activity.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · January 2001 Lifestyle factors related to obesity, eating behavior, and physical activity play a major role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. In recent years, there has been progress in the development of behavioral strategies to modify these lifestyl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The beta-adrenergic receptors and the control of adipose tissue metabolism and thermogenesis.

Journal Article Recent Prog Horm Res · 2001 The beta-adrenergic receptors (betaARs) are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. There are three betaAR subtypes (beta1AR, beta2AR beta3AR), each of which is coupled to Galphas and the stimulation of intracellular cAMP levels. While ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depressed mood is a factor in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 2001 OBJECTIVE: The diabetes literature contains conflicting evidence on the relationship between depression and glycemic control. This may be due, in part, to the fact that past studies failed to distinguish between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production.

Journal Article Nat Genet · December 2000 The gene Ucp2 is a member of a family of genes found in animals and plants, encoding a protein homologous to the brown fat uncoupling protein Ucp1 (refs 1-3). As Ucp2 is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, uncouples respiration and resides within a regi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diazoxide restores beta3-adrenergic receptor function in diet-induced obesity and diabetes.

Journal Article Endocrinology · October 2000 We previously demonstrated that the expression and function of the adipocyte-specific beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) are significantly depressed in single gene and diet-induced rodent models of obesity. Furthermore, these models are relatively unrespo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperinsulinemia leptin resistance, and obesity

Journal Article OBESITY RESEARCH · October 1, 2000 Link to item Cite

Personality correlates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · September 2000 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether traits of normal personality are associated with variations in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from 105 type 2 diabetic pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transient effects of long-term leptin supplementation in the prevention of diet-induced obesity in mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · July 2000 Low plasma leptin levels have been shown to be associated with the development of obesity in mice as well as in humans. The present study was undertaken to determine if raising plasma leptin levels of obesity-prone C57BL/6J (B6) mice to those seen in obesi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is there a glycemic threshold for impaired autonomic control?

Journal Article Diabetes Care · June 2000 OBJECTIVE: Although hyperglycemia has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients, the glucose threshold at which autonomic control begins to become impaired has not been evaluated. This study examined whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term efficacy of simple behavioral therapy for daytime wetting in children

Journal Article Journal of Urology · January 1, 2000 Purpose: Behavioral therapy has proved benefit for children with daytime wetting but most studies have used biofeedback techniques and provide no long-term assessment of results. We previously reported similar results using simple behavioral therapy withou ... Full text Cite

Personality predictors of mood related to dieting.

Journal Article J Consult Clin Psychol · December 1998 The clinical utility of a model of normal emotional functioning (vs. psychopathology) and the moderating effects of neuroticism (N) and extraversion (E) on mood were examined during a 6-week weight-loss trial. Participants were 40 obese women who completed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential effects of fat and sucrose on body composition in A/J and C57BL/6 mice.

Journal Article Metabolism · November 1998 The C57BL/6 (B6) mouse is more sensitive to the effects of a high-fat diet than the A/J strain. The B6 mouse develops severe obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia when fed this dietary regimen. This study was conducted to determine the effects of di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reversal of diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article Metabolism · September 1998 We have previously shown that C57BL/6J (B6) mice develop severe obesity and diabetes if weaned onto high-fat diets, whereas A/J mice tend to be obesity and diabetes-resistant. The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity and diabetes in the B6 mou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life.

Journal Article Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord · July 1998 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of symptoms of depression to weight changes in healthy individuals of normal weight across a follow-up of over 20 y. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: College students (3885 men and 841 women) were administered a self-repo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diet-induced changes in uncoupling proteins in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant strains of mice.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 31, 1998 Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) maps to a region on distal mouse chromosome 7 that has been linked to the phenotypes of obesity and type II diabetes. We recently reported that UCP2 expression is increased by high fat feeding in adipose tissue of the A/J strain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sucrose in weight-loss regimens - Reply

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · January 1, 1998 Link to item Cite

Low plasma leptin in response to dietary fat in diabetes- and obesity-prone mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · September 1997 Despite the fact that mutations resulting in the absence of leptin or its receptor have been associated with severe obesity and diabetes, such mutations do not appear to be responsible for most human obesity. Indeed, diet-induced obesity in animals and hum ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolic and behavioral effects of a high-sucrose diet during weight loss.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · April 1997 In response to evidence linking obesity and high amounts of dietary fat, the food industry has developed numerous reduced-fat and nonfat food items. These items frequently derive a relatively large percentage of their energy from sugars and the effect of t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia.

Journal Article Nat Genet · March 1997 A mitochondrial protein called uncoupling protein (UCP1) plays an important role in generating heat and burning calories by creating a pathway that allows dissipation of the proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane in brown a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strain-specific response to beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment of diet-induced obesity in mice.

Journal Article Endocrinology · January 1997 Fat intake has long been associated with the development of obesity. The studies described herein show that fat adversely affects adipocyte adrenergic receptor (AR) expression and function. As beta 3AR agonists have been shown to acutely reduce adipose tis ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of motor activity in diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · July 1996 Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated that the C57BL/6J (B/6J) mouse has a predisposition to develop severe obesity if placed on a high-fat diet. In the present study we assessed the role of physical activity in this phenomenon. Obesity-pron ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of leptin in fat regulation.

Journal Article Nature · April 25, 1996 Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacologic manipulation of ob expression in a dietary model of obesity.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 19, 1996 Mutation of the obese (ob) gene results in severe hereditary obesity and diabetes in the C57BL/6J and related strains of mice. In this study we examined the expression of the ob gene in a dietary model in which moderate obesity develops in response to fat ... Full text Link to item Cite

L-glutamine supplementation of a high fat diet reduces body weight and attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article J Nutr · January 1996 C57BL/6J (B/6J) mice are genetically predisposed to become overweight and develop hyperglycemia if raised on a high fat diet. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of L-glutamine (Gln), an inhibitor of fatty ... Full text Link to item Cite

Animal models provide insight into psychosomatic factors in diabetes.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1996 OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the use of animal models in research addressing psychosomatic aspects of diabetes. METHOD: We examine the key findings in animal model vs. human research in the area of stress and diabetes. Previous research ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defective glucose-stimulated insulin release from perifused islets of C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article Pancreas · August 1995 Previous work has shown that the C57BL/6J (BL/6) mouse strain develops type 2 diabetes after being fed a high-fat, high-simple carbohydrate (HFHSC) diet. In contrast, the AJ mouse strain does not. The aim of the present study was to determine if difference ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue-specific alterations in G protein expression in genetic versus diet-induced models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the mouse.

Journal Article Metabolism · June 1995 Various tissues were obtained from the well-characterized genetic model (C57BL/6J-ob/ob) of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and from a diet-induced model of NIDDM produced in the same genetic background (C57BL/6J). The objectives were to de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impaired second phase insulin response of diabetes-prone C57BL/6J mouse islets.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · June 1995 The C57BL/6J mouse develops obesity and diabetes in response to a high-fat, high-simple carbohydrate diet. To determine the dynamics of glucose-induced insulin release in this animal model of NIDDM, we studied the acute insulin response to glucose of perif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential effects of fat and sucrose on the development of obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J and A/J mice.

Journal Article Metabolism · May 1995 We have previously demonstrated that the C57BL/6J (B/6J) mouse will develop severe obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia if weaned onto a high-fat, high-sucrose (HH) diet. In the present study, we compared the effects of fat and sucrose separately a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glipizide stimulates sympathetic outflow in diabetes-prone mice.

Journal Article Life Sci · 1995 The purpose of the present study was to determine if the oral hypoglycemic agent glipizide influenced sympathetic outflow in diabetes-prone mice. C57BL/6 (diabetes-prone) and diabetes-resistant (A/J) were treated with saline or glipizide, and sympathetic o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glycemic response to stress is altered in euglycemic Pima Indians.

Journal Article Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord · November 1994 The aim of this work was to study the effects of a computer-driven mental arithmetic task on blood glucose in a group of four male and four female euglycemic Caucasians and a group of seven male and six female euglycemic Pima Indians. Approximately 60% of ... Link to item Cite

Glycogen synthase: a putative locus for diet-induced hyperglycemia.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · July 1994 Inbred mouse strains fed a diabetogenic diet have different propensities to develop features analogous to type 2 diabetes mellitus. To define chromosomal locations that control these characteristics, recombinant inbred strains from diabetes-prone C57BL/6J ... Full text Link to item Cite

KEGEL EXERCISES AND SQUATTING BEHAVIOR - REPLY

Journal Article JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS · July 1, 1994 Link to item Cite

Reply to: Kegel exercises and squatting behavior

Journal Article Journal of Pediatrics · January 1, 1994 Full text Cite

Kegel exercises and childhood incontinence: a new role for an old treatment.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 1994 Kegel exercises were used to treat urinary incontinence in 79 children. An average of less than 2 hours of professional time was required. Incontinence was eliminated in 60% of the patients; children who had both day and night wetting tended to show simult ... Full text Link to item Cite

Of mice and men: Behavioral medicine in the study of type II diabetes

Journal Article Annals of Behavioral Medicine · December 1, 1993 The development of a research program in behavioral medicine is reviewed from an historical perspective. Initial studies dealing with the effects of stress management on diabetes control are summarized. Questions raised by these studies led to a switch fro ... Cite

Regional fat distribution and metabolism in a new mouse model (C57BL/6J) of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Metabolism · November 1993 It has been suggested that a genetic predisposition and an increased total fat mass, particularly a specific increase in visceral fat, contribute to the metabolic aberrations associated with human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In this st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relaxation training for NIDDM. Predicting who may benefit.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · August 1993 OBJECTIVE: To examine the benefits of relaxation training for patients with NIDDM and to investigate individual differences that could predict a positive response to relaxation training. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-eight subjects with NIDDM were tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of stress in the etiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1993 Stress has long been suspected as having major effects on metabolic activity. The effects of stress on glucose metabolism are mediated by a variety of "counter-regulatory" hormones that are released in response to stress and that result in elevated blood g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypertension in CB57BL/6J mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · January 1993 The C57BL/6J (BL/6) mouse develops non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) when fed a high fat-high simple carbohydrate (HFHSC) diet, whereas A/J mice do not. The purpose of the study was to determine whether hypertension occurred with NIDDM and wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stress and diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · October 1992 Stress is a potential contributor to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes. Stress has long been shown to have major effects on metabolic activity. Energy mobilization is a primary result of the fight or flight response. Stress stimulates the release of variou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of expression of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia by different genetic factors in diabetic C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · January 1991 The inheritance of the tendency to develop diet-induced non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes was analyzed in crosses between diabetes-prone C57BL/6J (BL/6) mice and diabetes-resistant A/J mice. The effects of a diabetogenic diet on blood glucose and in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Altered pituitary hormone response to naloxone in hypertension development.

Journal Article Hypertension · December 1989 Endogenous opioid regulation of blood pressure is altered during stress in young adults at risk for hypertension. We studied the effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on the secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin during psychological stress in y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscarinic stimulation and antagonism and glucoregulation in nondiabetic and obese hyperglycemic mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · November 1989 Plasma glucose and insulin responses to a muscarinic agonist (bethanechol chloride) and a muscarinic antagonist (atropine) were evaluated in obese C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and in lean C57BL/6J + /? mice. In lean +/? mice, plasma glucose decreased in response to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential glycemic effects of morphine in diabetic and normal mice.

Journal Article Metabolism · March 1989 C57BL/6J ob/ob mice, C57BL/6J+/? lean mice and A/J mice were given injections of 10 mg/kg of morphine or an equal volume of saline, and then blood was sampled by retroorbital sinus puncture. In addition, animals from each strain were exposed to a brief exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Naltrexone potentiates glycemic responses during stress and epinephrine challenge in genetically obese mice.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1989 The genetically obese mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob) is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These mice show exaggerated glycemic responses during behavioral stress and adrenergic stimulation, but the precise glucoregulatory mec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diet-induced type II diabetes in C57BL/6J mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · September 1988 We investigated the effects of diet-induced obesity on glucose metabolism in two strains of mice, C57BL/6J and A/J. Twenty animals from each strain received ad libitum exposure to a high-fat high-simple-carbohydrate diet or standard Purina Rodent Chow for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diet-induced type II diabetes in C57BL/6J mice

Journal Article Diabetes · September 1, 1988 Full text Cite

Opioid dysfunction and risk for hypertension: naloxone and blood pressure responses during different types of stress.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1988 Opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension (McCubbin et al: Hypertension 7:808, 1985). The opiate antagonist naloxone increases blood pressure responses during psychological ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classically conditioned enhancement of hyperinsulinemia in the ob/ob mouse.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1988 The obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mouse is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent experiments have shown that stress hyperglycemia can be classically conditioned in the obese but not in the lean mouse. In the present study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relaxation Therapy: A Reply

Journal Article Diabetes Care · November 1, 1987 Full text Cite

Exaggerated peripheral responses to catecholamines contributes to stress-induced hyperglycemia in the ob/ob mouse.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 1987 The present study investigated the contribution of altered sympathetic reactivity to the stress-induced hyperglycemia observed in the c57BL/6J (ob/ob) mouse, an animal model of type II diabetes. Blood glucose and insulin responses to sympathetic agonist an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Failure of genetically selected miniature swine to model NIDDM.

Journal Article Diabetes · March 1987 Ten young adult miniature swine from a line reported to be genetically selected for glucose intolerance and eight normal controls were obtained from Colorado State University. They were consecutively exposed to 4 mo of a high-fiber, low-fat standard swine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of relaxation therapy on patients with type I diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · 1987 We investigated the effect of treatment with biofeedback-associated progressive muscle relaxation on 10 patients with poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus compared with 10 equivalent untreated patients. In contrast to previous studies of patients wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Type A behavior pattern and blood glucose control in diabetic children.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1987 We studied the relationship between presence of Type A behavior pattern and glycemic response to stress in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Twelve male (six Type A and six Type B) and nine female (four Type A and five Type B) insul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensory discrimination training in the treatment of a case of chronic constipation

Journal Article Behavior Therapy · January 1, 1987 A 31-year-old woman with a history of life-long constipation and laxative dependence was treated with discrimination training for rectal sensation. She had complained of absence of the urge to defecate, bloating with abdominal discomfort, and need for laxa ... Full text Cite

Cognitive Functioning and Diabetes: A Reply

Journal Article Diabetes Care · January 1, 1987 Full text Cite

Alprazolam reduces stress hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1986 We have shown that the C57BL/6J ob/ob (obese) mouse, a commonly used model of type II diabetes mellitus, is not in fact consistently hyperglycemic except when exposed to environmental stress. In an attempt to modify stress hyperglycemia in this animal, we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endogenous opiate peptides, stress reactivity, and risk for hypertension.

Journal Article Hypertension · 1985 Endogenous opiate peptides can regulate neuroendocrine and circulatory responses to behavioral stress and may be important in the pathogenic effects of sympathoadrenal reactivity. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of the opiate antagonist n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classically conditioned hyperglycemia in the obese mouse.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 1985 The obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mouse is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It has recently been demonstrated that this mouse is not consistently hyperglycemic, however, unless it is subjected to environmental stress. In th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biofeedback therapy of essential blepharospasm.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · July 15, 1984 Eight patients with essential blepharospasm were given five consecutive sessions of electromyogram biofeedback from cutaneous electrodes placed over the frontalis muscle. Four of the eight patients demonstrated a 60% or greater reduction in blepharospasm f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral manipulation of the diabetic phenotype in ob/ob mice.

Journal Article Diabetes · July 1984 The genetically obese mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob) is a commonly used model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, our studies demonstrate that, while the animal is significantly hyperinsulinemic, it in fact does not show consistent hyperglycemia i ... Full text Link to item Cite

A double-blind study of prazosin in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma.

Journal Article Arch Dermatol · March 1984 Nineteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in conjunction with progressive systemic sclerosis were given either prazosin hydrochloride (1 mg orally three times a day) or a placebo for eight weeks, after which the treatment procedure was reversed for four ... Link to item Cite

ALPRAZOLAM ATTENUATES STRESS-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA

Journal Article PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

Intra-arterial reserpine for Raynaud's syndrome. Systemic reactions without therapeutic benefit.

Journal Article Arch Dermatol · September 1983 Twenty-four patients classified as having Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon were given bilateral brachial artery injections of reserpine or saline in a double-blind fashion. In the six weeks following injection, there was no indication that reserpi ... Link to item Cite

Neuroendocrine response to cold in Raynaud's syndrome.

Journal Article Life Sci · February 28, 1983 Eleven patients with Raynaud's syndrome accompanied by monospecific IgG ANA, nine patients with Raynaud's syndrome in the absence of ANA, and nine normal volunteers were exposed to an ambient cold challenge during which time venous blood was continuously s ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of relaxations on glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · 1983 Twelve patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were hospitalized on a clinical research ward under identical conditions. A 3-h glucose tolerance test and an intravenous insulin tolerance test were performed on each patient. Half of the patien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetes and behavior: A paradigm for health psychology.

Journal Article American Psychologist · 1983 Full text Cite

THE EFFECTS OF RELAXATION ON GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE

Journal Article PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE · January 1, 1983 Link to item Cite

The role of behavior in diabetes care.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · 1982 The treatment of people with diabetes mellitus almost always involves an effort on the part of the health-care team to impose new patterns of behavior on their patients. Too often this behavior modification is undertaken without any specific attention to f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral medicine

Journal Article Journal of Psychosomatic Research · January 1, 1982 Full text Cite

Behavioral treatment of chronic low back pain: clinical outcome and individual differences in pain relief.

Journal Article Pain · October 1981 The response of 111 chronic low back pain patients to a comprehensive behavioral treatment program emphasizing relaxation procedures is examined. Over the course of treatment, significant reductions were obtained on measures of subjective tension, EMG acti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biofeedback techniques in the treatment of visual and ophthalmologic disorders: a review of the literature.

Journal Article Biofeedback Self Regul · September 1981 The literature on the use of biofeedback techniques in the treatment of visual and ophthalmologic disorders is reviewed. Although this consists mainly of case studies, there is mounting evidence that biofeedback may be applicable to the treatment of strabi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Collagen vascular disease: can behavior therapy help?

Journal Article J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · June 1981 This study examined the efficacy of a simple autogenic and biofeedback treatment package in the management of Raynaud's Phenomenon secondary to diagnosed collagen vascular disease. The patient, diagnosed as suffering from mixed connective tissue disease, h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral approaches to Raynaud's disease.

Journal Article Psychother Psychosom · 1981 Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of Clinical Biofeedback

Journal Article Psychosomatic Medicine · May 1980 Full text Cite

Biofeedback, autogenic training, and progressive relaxation in the treatment of Raynaud's disease: a comparative study.

Journal Article J Appl Behav Anal · 1980 Twenty-one female patients suffering from diagnosed idiopathic Raynaud's Disease were trained to raise digital skin temperature using either autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation, or a combination of autogenic training and skin temperature feed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biofeedback training in clinical cardiovascular disease

Journal Article Primary Cardiology · January 1, 1980 Biofeedback mechanisms have been shown to be effective in treating mild hypertension. Various forms include binary feedback training to lower blood pressure and heart rate, analogue feedback to control forearm and frontalis electromyographic activity, and ... Cite

RAYNAUDS DISEASE - ROLE OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM IN PATHOGENESIS

Journal Article JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY · January 1, 1980 Link to item Cite

A 1-year follow-up of Raynaud's patients treated with behavioral therapy techniques.

Journal Article J Behav Med · December 1979 The purpose of this study was to assess to what degree learned control of digital temperature and vasospastic attacks can be retained by Raynaud's patients over a full year period. Subjects were 19 patients suffering from diagnosed idiopathic Raynaud's dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biofeedback: A New Behavior Therapy?

Journal Article Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews · October 1979 Full text Cite

Hypertension self-control with a portable feedback unit or meditation-relaxation.

Journal Article Biofeedback Self Regul · September 1978 Thirty borderline essential hypertensives were randomly assigned to a portable constant-cuff blood pressure feedback technique or meditation-relaxation. Each technique was taught in the laboratory, then practiced twice daily at home for four weeks. Subject ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease.

Journal Article J Behav Med · September 1978 In order to assess the efficacy of a behavioral intervention in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's disease, 30 female patients were trained to control their digital skin temperature using autogenic training or a combination of autogenic training and ski ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electromyographic biofeedback: behavioral treatment of neuromuscular disorders.

Journal Article J Behav Med · March 1978 Electromyographic biofeedback is becoming widely used to help patients regain voluntary control of specific muscles affected by neuromuscular disorders. Electromyographic feedback training has been employed in the rehabilitation of patients affected by pol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frontalis EMG feedback training: An electronic panacea?

Journal Article Behavior Therapy · January 1, 1978 Studies dealing with the application of frontalis EMG feedback to the treatment of a variety of disorders are reveiwed. Successful applications of frontalis EMG feedback training have been reported in the treatment of muscle contraction headaches, asthma, ... Full text Cite

WARMING THOUGHTS FOR A COLD WINTER

Journal Article PSYCHOLOGY TODAY · January 1, 1978 Link to item Cite

BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT OF RAYNAUD DISEASE

Journal Article PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY · January 1, 1978 Link to item Cite

The role of feedback in voluntary control of blood pressure in instructed subjects.

Journal Article J Appl Behav Anal · 1977 Forty normal male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions and instructed to raise and lower their systolic blood pressure. Subjects received either beat-to-beat feedback contingent on pressure changes, noncontingent beat-to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biofeedback: a possible treatment for Raynaud's disease.

Journal Article Semin Psychiatry · November 1973 Link to item Cite

The effects of amygdalectomy on shock-induced fighting behavior in rats

Journal Article Psychonomic Science · January 1, 1968 Amygdaloid lesioned rats were compared to cortically lesioned and normal rats in their level of shock-induced fighting behavior. The resultant fighting scores, as rated on a four point scale, showed no significant difference in aggressive behavior on the p ... Full text Cite