Scholars@Duke
Timothy Grant Hammond

Timothy Grant Hammond

Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Nephrology
timothy.hammond@duke.edu
Durham VA Med Ctr, Box 2704, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Effects of Space Flight on Mouse Liver versus Kidney: Gene Pathway Analyses.

Journal Article Int J Mol Sci · December 18, 2018 Understanding genome wide, tissue-specific, and spaceflight-induced changes in gene expression is critical to develop effective countermeasures. Transcriptome analysis has been performed on diverse tissues harvested from animals flown in space, but not the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene Pathways Analysis of the Effects of Suspension Culture on Primary Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

Journal Article Microgravity Science and Technology · December 1, 2018 Drug-induced acute kidney injury causes massive morbidity and mortality at exorbitant cost, yet there is currently no effective method for preclinical in vitro testing for nephrotoxicity. Proximal tubule cells are a key target for nephrotoxins, but heretof ... Full text Cite

Physical Forces Modulate Oxidative Status and Stress Defense Meditated Metabolic Adaptation of Yeast Colonies: Spaceflight and Microgravity Simulations.

Journal Article Microgravity Sci Technol · 2018 Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has broad genetic homology to human cells. Although typically grown as 1-2mm diameter colonies under certain conditions yeast can form very large (10 + mm in diameter) or 'giant' colonies on agar. Giant yeast coloni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatocyte CYP2B6 Can Be Expressed in Cell Culture Systems by Exerting Physiological Levels of Shear: Implications for ADME Testing.

Journal Article J Toxicol · 2017 Cytochrome 2B6 (CYP2B6) has substantial clinical effects on morbidity and mortality and its effects on drug metabolism should be part of hepatotoxicity screening. Examples of CYP2B6's impacts include its linkage to mortality during cyclophosphamide therapy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is There a Space-Based Technology Solution to Problems with Preclinical Drug Toxicity Testing?

Journal Article Pharm Res · July 2016 Even the finest state-of-the art preclinical drug testing, usually in primary hepatocytes, remains an imperfect science. Drugs continue to be withdrawn from the market due to unforeseen toxicity, side effects, and drug interactions. The space program may b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genes required for survival in microgravity revealed by genome-wide yeast deletion collections cultured during spaceflight.

Journal Article Biomed Res Int · 2015 Spaceflight is a unique environment with profound effects on biological systems including tissue redistribution and musculoskeletal stresses. However, the more subtle biological effects of spaceflight on cells and organisms are difficult to measure in a sy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing host-pathogen in-flight assays for c. Elegans and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Journal Article European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP · December 1, 2013 This study addresses controls for an assay of bacterial virulence that has been optimized for space flight studies. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms ingest microorganisms, but are also killed by virulent bacteria. Virulence is assessed by the numb ... Cite

Effects of microgravity on the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article Astrobiology · November 2013 To evaluate effects of microgravity on virulence, we studied the ability of four common clinical pathogens--Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans--to kill wild type Caenorhab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Microgravity on the Virulence of Salmonella Toward Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal Article New Space · January 1, 2013 To evaluate the effects of microgravity on virulence genes in Salmonella, we studied the ability of various Salmonella deletion mutants to kill wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes at the larval and adult stages. Simultaneous studies were performed u ... Full text Cite

The Bonn criteria: Minimal experimental parameter reporting for clinostat and random positioning machine experiments with cells and tissues

Journal Article Microgravity Science and Technology · February 1, 2011 Published reports on studies in clinostats and random positioning machines frequently do not include adequate operational data on physical parameters of the culture device or cell culture conditions. This failure to report minimum physical and chemical dat ... Full text Cite

Effects of spaceflight on murine skeletal muscle gene expression.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · February 2009 Spaceflight results in a number of adaptations to skeletal muscle, including atrophy and shifts toward faster muscle fiber types. To identify changes in gene expression that may underlie these adaptations, we used both microarray expression analysis and re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel Sfp1 transcriptional regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression changes during spaceflight.

Journal Article Astrobiology · December 2008 This study identifies transcriptional regulation of stress response element (STRE) genes in space in the model eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To determine transcription-factor dependence, gene expression changes in space were examined in st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transcriptional regulation of changes in growth, cell cycle, and gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to changes in buoyancy.

Journal Article Biotechnol Bioeng · June 1, 2008 To understand the cellular effects of magnetic traps requires independent analysis of the effects of magnetic field, gravity, and buoyancy. In the current study, buoyancy is manipulated by addition of Ficoll, a viscous substance that can create gradients o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spaceflight-induced gene expression changes in the mouse liver and kidney

Journal Article International Astronautical Federation - 58th International Astronautical Congress 2007 · December 1, 2007 To examine the effect of spaceflight on the kidney and liver tissues, NASA carried out a study involving C57BL/6J mice flown on STS-108 for 12 days. We report the first analysis of gene expression in these tissues. Our results indicate tissue-specific chan ... Cite

Diamagnetic levitation changes growth, cell cycle, and gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal Article Biotechnol Bioeng · November 1, 2007 Inhomogeneous magnetic fields are used in magnetic traps to levitate biological specimens by exploiting the natural diamagnetism of virtually all materials. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this report investigates whether magnetic field (B) induces changes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 9, 2007 A comprehensive analysis of both the molecular genetic and phenotypic responses of any organism to the space flight environment has never been accomplished because of significant technological and logistical hurdles. Moreover, the effects of space flight o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolic inhibition-induced transient Ca2+ increase depends on mitochondria in a human proximal renal cell line.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · August 2007 During ischemia or hypoxia an increase in intracellular cytosolic Ca(2+) induces deleterious events but is also implicated in signaling processes triggered in such conditions. In MDCK cells (distal tubular origin), it was shown that mitochondria confer pro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation of renal brush borders.

Journal Article Curr Protoc Cell Biol · March 2007 Methods are described to isolate intact brush borders and brush border membranes from renal cell homogenates. A rapid method yields sealed vesicles that reconstitute renal brush border transport. In one variation of this protocol, 10 to 20 mM CaCl2 or MgCl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Haploid deletion strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that determine survival during space flight

Journal Article Acta Astronautica · February 1, 2007 This study identifies genes that determine survival during a space flight, using the model eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Select strains of a haploid yeast deletion series grew during storage in distilled water in space, but not in ground b ... Full text Cite

Megalin binds and internalizes angiotensin-(1-7).

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · May 2006 Megalin is a multiligand receptor heavily involved in protein endocytosis. We recently demonstrated that megalin binds and mediates internalization of ANG II. Although there is a strong structural resemblance between ANG II and ANG-(1-7), their physiologic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene expression and survival changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during suspension culture.

Journal Article Biotechnol Bioeng · April 20, 2006 This study explores the connection between changes in gene expression and the genes that determine strain survival during suspension culture, using the model eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous diploid del ... Full text Link to item Cite

Homozygous diploid deletion strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that determine lag phase and dehydration tolerance.

Journal Article Appl Microbiol Biotechnol · June 2005 This study identifies genes that determine length of lag phase, using the model eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report growth of a yeast deletion series following variations in the lag phase induced by variable storage times after drying- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Megalin binds and internalizes angiotensin II.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · February 2005 Megalin is an abundant membrane protein heavily involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. The major functions of megalin in vivo remain incompletely defined as megalin typically faces specialized milieus such as glomerular filtrate, airways, epididymal fl ... Full text Link to item Cite

EP24.15 interacts with the angiotensin II type I receptor and bradykinin B2 receptor.

Journal Article Cell Biochem Funct · 2005 The carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) is known to interact with several classes of intracellular proteins that may modulate receptor function. Employing yeast two-hybrid screening of a human embryonic kidney c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Light chains are a ligand for megalin.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · January 2005 Cubilin and megalin are giant glycoprotein receptors abundant on the luminal surface of proximal tubular cells of the kidney. We showed previously that light chains are a ligand for cubilin. As cubilin and megalin share a number of common ligands, we furth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Megalin mediates renal uptake of heavy metal metallothionein complexes.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · September 2004 Although several heavy metal toxins are delivered to the kidney on the carrier protein metallothionein (MT), uncertainty as to how MT enters proximal tubular cells limits treatment strategies. Prompted by reports that MT-I interferes with renal uptake of t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel ceramide analogs as potential chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer.

Journal Article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · May 2004 Recent evidence suggests a role for aberrant ceramide levels in the pathogenesis of cancer and chemoresistance and indicates that manipulation of tumor ceramide levels may be a useful strategy in the fight against breast cancer. This study demonstrates tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular mass transport considerations for space flight research concerning suspended and adherent in vitro cell cultures.

Journal Article J Gravit Physiol · March 2004 Conducting biological research in space requires consideration be given to isolating appropriate control parameters. For in vitro cell cultures, numerous environmental factors can adversely affect data interpretation. A biological response attributed to mi ... Link to item Cite

The type 1 angiotensin II receptor tail affects receptor targeting, internalization, and membrane fusion properties.

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · February 2004 Endocytosis modulates cell responses by removing and recycling receptors from the cell surface. Type I angiotensin II receptors (AT1R) are somewhat unique in that they are expressed at apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) membranes in proximal tubule cells and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phosphorylation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (p55) protects macrophages from silica-induced apoptosis.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 16, 2004 Macrophages play a fundamental role in silicosis in part by removing silica particles and producing inflammatory mediators in response to silica. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a prominent mediator in silicosis. Silica induction of apoptosis in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-shear modeled microgravity: a global environmental regulatory signal affecting bacterial gene expression, physiology, and pathogenesis.

Journal Article J Microbiol Methods · July 2003 Bacteria inhabit an impressive variety of ecological niches and must adapt constantly to changing environmental conditions. While numerous environmental signals have been examined for their effect on bacteria, the effects of mechanical forces such as shear ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calpain-mediated AQP2 proteolysis in inner medullary collecting duct.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · March 28, 2003 Vitamin D-elicited hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria is associated with polyuria in humans and in animal models. In rats, dihydrotachysterol (DHT) induces AQP2 water channel downregulation despite unaltered AQP2 mRNA expression and thus we investigated the mech ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human proximal tubular cell responses to angiotensin II analyzed using DNA microarray.

Journal Article Eur J Pharmacol · March 19, 2003 Angiotensin II has been shown to exert complex effects on proximal tubular cell function and growth. To assess some of the direct effects on proximal tubular cells, changes in gene expression of selected cellular pathways were determined after exposure to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression changes during rotating wall vessel suspension culture.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · December 2002 This study utilizes Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study genetic responses to suspension culture. The suspension culture system used in this study is the high-aspect-ratio vessel, one type of the rotating wall vessel, that provides a high rate of gas exchange ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microarray analysis identifies Salmonella genes belonging to the low-shear modeled microgravity regulon.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 15, 2002 The low-shear environment of optimized rotation suspension culture allows both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to assume physiologically relevant phenotypes that have led to significant advances in fundamental investigations of medical and biological impo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene expression profiling of mouse bladder inflammatory responses to LPS, substance P, and antigen-stimulation.

Journal Article Am J Pathol · June 2002 Inflammatory bladder disorders such as interstitial cystitis (IC) deserve attention since a major problem of the disease is diagnosis. IC affects millions of women and is characterized by severe pain, increased frequency of micturition, and chronic inflamm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of renal cell protein markers is dependent on initial mechanical culture conditions.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · February 2002 The rotating wall vessel is optimized for suspension culture, with laminar flow and adequate nutrient delivery, but minimal shear. However, higher shears may occur in vivo. During rotating wall vessel cultivation of human renal cells, size and density of g ... Full text Link to item Cite

LPS-sensory peptide communication in experimental cystitis.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · February 2002 Stimulation of sensory nerves can lead to release of peptides such as substance P (SP) and consequently to neurogenic inflammation. We studied the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in regulating SP-induced inflammation. Experimental cystitis was i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cell regulation of inflammation and gene expression during antigen-induced bladder inflammation in mice

Journal Article Physiological Genomics · January 1, 2002 Mast cell numbers are significantly increased in bladder disorders including malignancy and interstitial cystitis, but their precise role has been difficult to determine. We characterized the role of mast cells on gene regulation associated with antigen-in ... Cite

Ang II accumulation in rat renal endosomes during Ang II-induced hypertension: role of AT(1) receptor.

Journal Article Hypertension · January 2002 Hypertension induced by long-term infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with augmented intrarenal Ang II levels to a greater extent than can be explained on the basis of the circulating Ang II levels. Although part of this augmentation is due t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanical culture conditions effect gene expression

Journal Article 2001 Conference and Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization · December 1, 2001 To determine the gene expression response to mechanical culture conditions, gene array analysis was performed on primary cultures of human renal cortical cells following various mechanical culture stimuli: flight on the space shuttle for 2 hours, reproduct ... Cite

AQP2 is a substrate for endogenous PP2B activity within an inner medullary AKAP-signaling complex.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · November 2001 We have demonstrated that inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) heavy endosomes purified from rat kidney IMCD contain the type II protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit (RII), protein phosphatase (PP)2B, PKCzeta, and an RII-binding protein (relative mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional tissue assemblies: novel models for the study of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis.

Journal Article Infect Immun · November 2001 The lack of readily available experimental systems has limited knowledge pertaining to the development of Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in humans. We used a novel low-shear stress cell culture system developed at the National Aer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cell regulation of inflammation and gene expression during antigen-induced bladder inflammation in mice.

Journal Article Physiol Genomics · October 10, 2001 Mast cell numbers are significantly increased in bladder disorders including malignancy and interstitial cystitis, but their precise role has been difficult to determine. We characterized the role of mast cells on gene regulation associated with antigen-in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimized suspension culture: the rotating-wall vessel.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · July 2001 Suspension culture remains a popular modality, which manipulates mechanical culture conditions to maintain the specialized features of cultured cells. The rotating-wall vessel is a suspension culture vessel optimized to produce laminar flow and minimize th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time course of LPS-induced gene expression in a mouse model of genitourinary inflammation.

Journal Article Physiol Genomics · April 2, 2001 In this study, self-organizing map (SOM) gene cluster techniques are applied to the analysis of cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression changes occurring in the early stages of genitourinary inflammation. We determined the time course of lipopolysaccha ... Full text Link to item Cite

A review of microgravity biotechnology

Journal Article 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit · December 1, 2000 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and other space agencies have been involved in microgravity biotechnology research for more than a decade. Macromolecular crystal growth, cell culturing, and gene expression/transgenics research have ... Cite

Selected contribution: a three-dimensional model for assessment of in vitro toxicity in balaena mysticetus renal tissue.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · December 2000 This study established two- and three-dimensional renal proximal tubular cell cultures of the endangered species bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), developed SV40-transfected cultures, and cloned the 61-amino acid open reading frame for the metallothionei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanical culture conditions effect gene expression: gravity-induced changes on the space shuttle.

Journal Article Physiol Genomics · September 8, 2000 Three-dimensional suspension culture is a gravity-limited phenomenon. The balancing forces necessary to keep the aggregates in suspension increase directly with aggregate size. This leads to a self-propagating cycle of cell damage by balancing forces. Cell ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nuclear factor kappa B mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the urinary bladder.

Journal Article J Urol · March 2000 PURPOSE: The proteins which constitute the final common pathway linking receptors on cell surfaces to the inflammatory cascade have recently been identified and cloned. Central to activation of this inflammatory cascade is translocation from cytosol to nuc ... Link to item Cite

Substance P dependence of endosomal fusion during bladder inflammation.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · March 2000 Urinary bladder instillation of ovalbumin into presensitized guinea pigs stimulates rapid development of local bladder inflammation. Substance P is an important mediator of this inflammatory response, as substance P antagonists largely reverse the process. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is required in antigen-induced cystitis.

Journal Article Am J Pathol · March 2000 Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a debilitating disease that has been adversely affecting the quality of women's lives for many years. The trigger in IC is not entirely known, and a role for the sensory nerves in its pathogenesis has been suggested. In additi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A review of microgravity biotechnology

Conference 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit · January 1, 2000 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and other space agencies have been involved in microgravity biotechnology research for more than a decade. Macromolecular crystal growth, cell culturing, and gene expression/transgenics research have ... Full text Cite

Physiopathologic role of cubilin and megalin.

Journal Article Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp · 2000 Link to item Cite

Renal endosomes contain angiotensin peptides, converting enzyme, and AT(1A) receptors.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · August 1999 Kidney cortex and proximal tubular angiotensin II (ANG II) levels are greater than can be explained on the basis of circulating ANG II, suggesting intrarenal compartmentalization of these peptides. One possible site of intracellular accumulation is the end ... Full text Link to item Cite

Salmonella efficiently enter and survive within cultured CD11c+ dendritic cells initiating cytokine expression.

Journal Article Eur J Immunol · April 1999 While Salmonella infects macrophages, this cell population may not be the only one important for disseminating intracellular bacteria from mucosal sites. Dendritic cells (DC) are present in the Peyer's patches and are mobilized following stimulation. Such ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene expression in space.

Journal Article Nat Med · April 1999 Full text Link to item Cite

Select de novo gene and protein expression during renal epithelial cell culture in rotating wall vessels is shear stress dependent.

Journal Article J Membr Biol · March 1, 1999 The rotating wall vessel has gained popularity as a clinical cell culture tool to produce hormonal implants. It is desirable to understand the mechanisms by which the rotating wall vessel induces genetic changes, if we are to prolong the useful life of imp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of bimodal cell death of insect cells in a rotating- wall vessel and shaker flask

Journal Article Biotechnology and Bioengineering · 1999 In previous publications, we reported the benefits of a high-aspect rotating-wall vessel (HARV) over conventional bioreactors for insect-cell cultivation in terms of reduced medium requirements and enhanced longevity. To more fully understand the effects t ... Full text Cite

Modulation of vasopressin-elicited water transport by trafficking of aquaporin2-containing vesicles.

Journal Article Annu Rev Physiol · 1999 Vasopressin or AVP regulates water reabsorption by the kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) through the insertion and removal of aquaporin (AQP) 2 water channels into the IMCD apical membrane. AVP-elicited trafficking of AQP2 with the apical membr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of point mutations on a DNA microchip

Journal Article Clinical Immunology Newsletter · January 1, 1999 The purpose of this review is to give a brief summary of the techniques of single point mutation detection by gene array analysis in a manner which will illustrate the current state-of-the-art, as well as the strengths and limitations, of the technology. T ... Full text Cite

Lipopolysaccharide upregulates bradykinin 1 receptors in the isolated mouse bladder.

Journal Article J Urol · December 1998 PURPOSE: Bradykinin 1 (B1) receptors have been shown to be upregulated at sites of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on B1 receptor modulation in the isolated mouse bladder. MATERIALS AND METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alveolar macrophage apoptosis and TNF-alpha, but not p53, expression correlate with murine response to bleomycin.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · December 1998 Apoptosis is considered to be a protective mechanism that limits lung injury. However, apoptosis might contribute to the inflammatory burden present in the injured lung. The exposure of mice to bleomycin (BLM) is a well-established model for the study of l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis among MCF-7 breast cancer cell variants.

Journal Article Cancer Res · November 1, 1998 Widespread use of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells as a model system for breast cancer has led to variations in these cells between different laboratories. Although several reports have addressed these differences in terms of proliferation and estrogenic ... Link to item Cite

Intrarenal and subcellular localization of rat CLC5.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · November 1998 Dent's disease, an inherited disorder characterized by hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, rickets, low-molecular-weight proteinuria, Fanconi's syndrome, and renal failure, is caused by mutations in the renal chloride channel, CLC5. The norm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myeloma light chains are ligands for cubilin (gp280).

Journal Article Am J Physiol · August 1998 Although myeloma light chains are known to undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis in the kidney, the molecular identity of the receptor has not been characterized. We examined the interaction between cubilin (gp280) and four species of light chains isolated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Membrane potential mediates H(+)-ATPase dependence of "degradative pathway" endosomal fusion.

Journal Article J Membr Biol · March 15, 1998 In some epithelial cell lines, the uptake and degradation of proteins is so pronounced as to be regarded as a specialized function known as "degradative endocytosis." The endosomal pathways of the renal proximal tubule and the visceral yolk sac share highl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor and target of teratogenic antibodies is a megalin-binding peripheral membrane protein with homology to developmental proteins.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 27, 1998 The present report shows the molecular characterization of the rat 460-kDa epithelial glycoprotein that functions as the receptor facilitating uptake of intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complexes in the intestine and kidney. The same receptor represents also t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells.

Journal Article Circ Res · February 23, 1998 The transcriptional regulatory protein nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) participates in the control of gene expression of many modulators of the inflammatory and immune responses, including the adhesion molecules E-selectin and intercellular adhesion mole ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Upregulates Bradykinin 1 (BK1) receptors in the isolated mouse bladder

Journal Article FASEB Journal · 1998 BK1 receptors have been shown to be upregulated at sites of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of LPS on BK1 receptor modulation in the isolated mouse bladder. Balb/c mice were sacrificed by pentobarbital overdose, the urin ... Cite

Gentamicin inhibits rat renal cortical homotypic endosomal fusion: Role of megalin

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology · December 1, 1997 -Megalin, a giant glycoprotein receptor heavily concen-trated in the early endosomal pathway of renal proximal tubular cells, binds gentamicin with high affinity and delivers the drug to lysosomes. Utilizing an in vitro reconstitution assay, we tested whet ... Cite

Identification of rat yolk sac target protein of teratogenic antibodies, gp280, as intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · May 15, 1997 Previous studies in the rat have shown that antibodies to gp280, a protein > 200 kD and closely associated with the early endocytic system can induce fetal malformations. Although gp280 is thought to act as a receptor, its ligand(s) is not known. In the cu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gentamicin inhibits rat renal cortical homotypic endosomal fusion: role of megalin.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · January 1997 Megalin, a giant glycoprotein receptor heavily concentrated in the early endosomal pathway of renal proximal tubular cells, binds gentamicin with high affinity and delivers the drug to lysosomes. Utilizing an in vitro reconstitution assay we tested whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurokinin-1 (substance p) receptor mediated inhibition of endosomal fusion in transitional epithelial cells during acute urinary bladder inflammation

Journal Article FASEB Journal · December 1, 1996 Inlravesical infusion of ovalbumin antigen into pre-sensitized guinea pigs stimulates rapid development of bladder inflammation. Reversal of inflammatory edema, mast cell infiltrate and neutrophil accumulation with neurokinin-I and bradykinin antagonists s ... Cite

[Vesicular flow in epithelial cells: physiopathologic importance of two multiligand receptors].

Journal Article Bull Acad Natl Med · 1996 Epithelial structures lining the proximal tubule and the yolk sac are characterized by a high rate of internalization followed by degradation of the proteins exposed to their apical pole. This function implies the expression by these epithelia of specializ ... Link to item Cite

Cloning of an aquaporin homologue present in water channel containing endosomes of toad urinary bladder.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · January 1996 Regulation of total body water balance in amphibians by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) contributed to their successful colonization of terrestrial habitats approximately 200-300 million years ago. In the mammalian kidney, ADH modulates epithelial cell apical m ... Full text Link to item Cite

[Endocytosis and receptors: molecular and physiological aspects].

Journal Article Nephrologie · 1996 One of the functions of the proximal tubule cells is to internalize and degrade proteins that have not been retained by the glomerulus. The magnitude of the amounts of protein reabsorbed (several hundreds of milligrams per day) imply specific structures th ... Link to item Cite

Regulation of expression of transcobalamin II receptor in the rat.

Journal Article Biochem J · September 15, 1995 Surface and intracellular membrane distribution and hormonal regulation of transcobalamin II receptor (TC II-R) activity and protein levels have been studied in an effort to understand its regulation of expression in the rat. TC II-R activity and the level ... Full text Link to item Cite

Segmental distribution of the endocytosis receptor gp330 in renal proximal tubules.

Journal Article Eur J Cell Biol · April 1995 The subcellular distribution and segmental variations in location of gp330, a scavenger receptor for filtered proteins in renal proximal tubules, was analyzed. Kidney tissue from rats (4 different strains), rabbits and humans were analyzed by light- and el ... Link to item Cite

Rat kidney papilla contains abundant synaptobrevin protein that participates in the fusion of antidiuretic hormone-regulated water channel-containing endosomes in vitro.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 14, 1995 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates renal water excretion by altering the permeability of the collecting duct to water. ADH-responsive epithelial cells are the major cell type lining kidney tubules in the inner medulla and papilla. ADH modulates apical me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Energy transfer assays of rat renal cortical endosomal fusion: evidence for superfusion.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · December 1994 The complex of components necessary to allow endosomal fusion includes both membrane-bound receptors and several soluble proteins. Although these factors have been isolated from cultured cell lines, and endosomal fusion has been reconstituted in vitro for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Permeability properties of the mammalian bladder apical membrane.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · November 1994 The luminal surface of mammalian bladder is exposed to urine with a composition widely different from that of plasma that bathes the basolateral surface of epithelium. Therefore we predict that the bladder permeability barrier, which is likely located in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heavy endosomes isolated from the rat renal cortex show attributes of intermicrovillar clefts.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · October 1994 The endosomal pathway of the rat renal cortex was labeled by intravenous infusion of fluorescent dextran small enough to cross the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier and be taken up by luminal endocytosis. A fraction containing entrapped fluorescein was is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneity of endosomal populations in the rat renal cortex: light endosomes.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · June 1994 The endosomal pathway of the rat renal cortex was labeled by intravenous infusion of fluorescent dextran small enough to cross the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier and be taken up by luminal endocytosis in the proximal tubule. Using Percoll gradient cent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experimental basis for separation of membrane vesicles by preparative free-flow electrophoresis.

Journal Article J Chromatogr A · May 6, 1994 In practice it has been possible to separate membrane particles of different origins but of similar chemical composition by preparative free-flow electrophoresis. Examples include the vacuolar (tonoplast) and plasma membranes of plants and membranes derive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of purified endosomes containing the antidiuretic hormone-sensitive water channel from rat renal papilla.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 22, 1994 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation of renal epithelial cells elicits a large increase in apical membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf) produced by the fusion of water channel containing vesicles with the apical membrane. Removal of ADH stimulation re ... Link to item Cite

Trafficking of apical proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · April 1994 The endosomal pathway of the rat renal cortex was labeled by intravenous infusion of fluorescent dextran small enough to cross the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier and be taken up by luminal endocytosis in the proximal tubule. Clathrin-coated vesicles (C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pneumoperitoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients: significance of diagnosis by CT.

Journal Article J Comput Assist Tomogr · 1994 OBJECTIVE: Pneumoperitoneum diagnosed by plain radiography is often a sign of gastrointestinal perforation and is unusual (0.17%) in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). These patients are prone to bacterial peritonitis, which can ... Full text Link to item Cite

Permeability properties of rat renal lysosomes.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · January 1994 Although lysosomes maintain large pH gradients and may be subjected to significant osmotic gradients in vivo, little is known about their passive permeability properties. In recent studies, vacuolar H(+)-adenosine-triphosphatases (ATPases), such as those f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Permeability properties of rat renal lysosomes

Journal Article AM.J.PHYSIOL. · January 1, 1994 Cite

Isolation of highly purified, functional endosomes from toad urinary bladder.

Journal Article Biochem J · October 15, 1993 Endosomes are difficult to isolate as they share size and density properties with much more abundant cellular organelles such as mitochondria. In cultured cell lines the tandem use of charge-dependent isolation techniques and differential centrifugation is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fate of antidiuretic hormone water channel proteins after retrieval from apical membrane.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1993 In toad bladder granular cells, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates insertion of vesicles containing water channels (WCV), markedly increasing apical membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf). After withdrawal of ADH stimulation, WCV are removed from the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and characterization of renal cortical membranes using an aqueous two-phase partition technique.

Journal Article Biochem J · June 15, 1993 The aqueous two-phase partition technique is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the fractionation of membrane preparations. Aqueous two-phase partitioning separates according to surface properties such as charge and hydrophobicity, making it comple ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · June 1993 The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) were compared after mean single 99.1 U/kg intraperitoneal (IP), intravenous (i.v.), and subcutaneous (SC) doses in eight noninfected patients on peritoneal dialysis in a randomized, three-way, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Forward scatter pulse width signals resolve multiple populations of endosomes.

Journal Article Cytometry · 1993 The technique of pulse width analysis, developed to optimize cell size resolution in cell cycle kinetics, has not previously been applied to small particles such as endosomes. Offset is used to subtract a portion of the beam diameter from forward scatter p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis and isolation of renal tubular cells by flow cytometry.

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 1992 The cells of the renal cortex have rich heterogeneity of structure and function. Flow cytometry, the technique of rapid laser-based single cell analysis, can give information about cellular mixtures not obtainable by any other means. We examined a variety ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional and structural characterization of endosomes from toad bladder epithelial cells.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · July 1992 Previous functional studies of toad bladder endosomes have been complicated by the presence of multiple endosome subpopulations each possessing different permeability characteristics. To identify and characterize both water channel-containing vesicles (WCV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Study of rat renal brush border membrane vesicles by flow cytometry.

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 1990 The rich heterogeneity of renal tubular membranes and cells continues to provide formidable challenges in the isolation of homogeneous membrane vesicle populations for study. The present study applies flow cytometry, the technique of fluorescence-activated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal small-bowel necrosis and pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · February 1989 Initial enthusiasm for the use of vasodilators to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and symptomatic status in pulmonary hypertension of diverse etiologies has been tempered by the high incidence of serious complications, especially hypotension. However, the u ... Link to item Cite

Effect of exogenous angiotensin II infusion after one year of captopril therapy in essential hypertension.

Journal Article Postgrad Med J · 1986 The effect of exogenous angiotensin II on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone (PA) was investigated in a group of 8 patients with essential hypertension after one year of captopril therapy. The results were ... Link to item Cite

Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor decreases renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in rats

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology - Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology · December 1, 1985 Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a family of peptides isolated from cardiac atria, has marked effects on sodium excretion. A synthetic 26 amino acid sequence of ANF peptide has also been shown to be phosphaturic. However, it is difficult to assess whether ... Cite

Synthetic atrial natriuretic factor decreases renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in rats.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · August 1985 Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a family of peptides isolated from cardiac atria, has marked effects on sodium excretion. A synthetic 26 amino acid sequence of ANF peptide has also been shown to be phosphaturic. However, it is difficult to assess whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Administration of atrial natriuretic factor inhibits sodium-coupled transport in proximal tubules.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · June 1985 The newly discovered peptides extracted from cardiac atria, atrial natriuretic factors (ANFs), when administered parenterally cause renal hemodynamic changes and natriuresis. The nephron sites and cellular mechanism accounting for profound increase in Na+ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Failure of angiotensin II to reduce plasma renin activity in hypertensive pregnant women.

Journal Article J Hypertens Suppl · December 1984 The hypothesis that pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with abnormal physiological control of plasma renin activity (PRA) was tested by studying the effects of graded infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) on PRA, plasma aldosterone (PA), and ... Link to item Cite

Mechanism of natriuresis during intrarenal infusion of prostaglandins.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1984 Intrarenal infusion of the natural prostaglandin PGE2 increases renal blood flow, renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, and urinary sodium excretion. A newly synthesized prostaglandin analogue, 4-3-[3-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)- ethyl]-4-oxo-2-thiazolidin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nephrotic syndrome.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · July 1984 Previous studies on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fluid volumes in patients with nephrotic syndrome have not considered the nature of the underlying renal lesion. We compared plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone (PA), and pla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Angiotensin II blockade during thoracic inferior vena cava (TIVC) constriction

Journal Article Federation Proceedings · January 1, 1984 Cite

Mechanism of natriuresis during intrarenal infusion of prostaglandins

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology - Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology · January 1, 1984 Intrarenal infusion of the natural prostaglandin PGE 2 increases renal blood flow, renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, and urinary sodium excretion. A newly synthesized prostaglandin analogue, 4-3-[3-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-ethyl]-4-oxo-2-thiazolidi ... Cite

Primary hyperaldosteronism in pregnancy.

Journal Article Aust N Z J Med · October 1982 We report a case of primary hyperaldosteronism in a 37-year-old woman presenting early in pregnancy with hypertension and hypokalaemia. Plasma renin concentration was suppressed and unaffected by sodium restriction or upright posture at 16 and 35 weeks ges ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on renal function in normal and ACTH treated sheep.

Journal Article Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol · 1982 1. The effect on renal function in sheep of inhibiting converting enzyme with captopril was examined before and after 5 days ACTH administration. 2. Glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, effective renal blood flow, mean arterial pressure ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adverse reactions to ginseng.

Journal Article Med J Aust · May 2, 1981 Full text Link to item Cite

Renal autotransplants in sheep: investigation of renal function and renovascular hypertension.

Journal Article Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol · 1981 1. A novel surgical preparation of sheep with a cervical renal autotransplant has been developed. 2. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were 25.1 +/- 1.0 ml/min and 208 +/- 10 ml/min respectively (n = 26). 3. The responses to water ... Full text Link to item Cite