Scholars@Duke
William Edward Hammond II

William Edward Hammond II

Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health
Family Medicine and Community Health
william.hammond@duke.edu
Duke Box 2748, Durham, NC 27705
2424 Erwin Road, Suite 9002, Room 9020, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Bringing Knowledge to Health and Healthcare.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · August 7, 2025 Health and healthcare have become one of the most complex problems in the world. The rapid growth of new knowledge, medical treatments, procedures, drugs, and technologies complicates it. Humans alone cannot keep up with the latest developments. This paper ... Full text Link to item Cite

Making Digital Health Equitable.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · January 25, 2024 Most agree that the current healthcare system is broken. Fortunately, technology is increasing at an exponential rate and provides a solution for the future. Digital Health is an integrator concept that has the potential to take advantage of technological ... Full text Link to item Cite

Economic analysis of a single institutional review board data exchange standard in multisite clinical studies.

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Single Institutional Review Boards (sIRB) are not achieving the benefits envisioned by the National Institutes of Health. The recently published Health Level Seven (HL7®) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR®) data exchange standard ... Full text Link to item Cite

Goodbye Electronic Health Record?

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · August 31, 2022 The Electronic Health Record has failed to meet its intended purpose. We propose a new approach focusing on the use of data for health and health care. The first step is to create a repository of all patient data with data storage independent of data use. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Machine Learning to Identify Organ System Specific Limitations to Exercise via Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.

Journal Article IEEE J Biomed Health Inform · August 2022 Cardiopulmonary Exer cise Testing (CPET) is a unique physiologic medical test used to evaluate human response to progressive maximal exercise stress. Depending on the degree and type of deviation from the normal physiologic response, CPET can help identify ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recommendations for achieving interoperable and shareable medical data in the USA.

Journal Article Commun Med (Lond) · 2022 Easy access to large quantities of accurate health data is required to understand medical and scientific information in real-time; evaluate public health measures before, during, and after times of crisis; and prevent medical errors. Introducing a system i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Standards in biomedical informatics

Chapter · July 2, 2021 Over the past three decades, the discipline of information standards has emerged from an arcane academic exercise to become a pivotal component in the quest for true semantic interoperability in healthcare. Data exchange technologies, such as HL7 FHIR (Fas ... Full text Cite

Clinician Burnout Associated With Sex, Clinician Type, Work Culture, and Use of Electronic Health Records.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · April 1, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Electronic health records (EHRs) are considered a potentially significant contributor to clinician burnout. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of EHR usage, sex, and work culture with burnout for 3 types of clinicians at an academic medical ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2020 Following is part III of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Improved Routines for the PDP-15/VT-15. By L. Leiro and R. Taylor. User-Oriented Computer Graphic System. By K. Lee. Applications of a String Language. By A. E. Sapega, M. N. Sim ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2020 Following is part VIII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Physician Computer Interface. By S. C. Lloyd and W. E. Hammond. RAUPEDATA-11 - A Sophisticated Debugging Program for the PDP-11. By E. G. Fisher. ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2020 Following is part VII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Real-Time Multi-User Monitor System for the PDP-8 Family of Computers. By R. Sage and D. Loving. Miniature Time-Shared Monitor. By W. L. Craft and H. E. Dayringer. MTM/8-Multi-Ta ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, ATLANTA, GA, MAY 13-15 1971.

Journal Article · January 1, 2020 Collection of 33 papers by various authors. The topics discussed are: languages-developments and implementations, operating systems, data analysis, and hardware developments. Following is a list of titles and authors: PS/8 Basic. By Don Baccus and Gerd Hoe ... Cite

Factors impacting physician use of information charted by others.

Journal Article JAMIA Open · April 2019 OBJECTIVES: To identify factors impacting physician use of information charted by others. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4-round Delphi process was conducted with physicians and non-physicians publishing in the healthcare data quality literature to identify and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluative Outcomes in Direct Extraction and Use of EHR Data in Clinical Trials.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2019 Use of electronic health record (EHR) data in clinical trials has long been a goal for researchers. However, few demonstrations and fewer evaluative studies have been published. The variability in outcome choice and measurement hinders synthesis of the ext ... Link to item Cite

eSource for Standardized Health Information Exchange in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2019 The availability of research and outcomes data is the primary limitation to evidence-based practice. Today, only a fraction of clinical decisions are based upon evidence derived from randomized control trials (RCTs), the gold-standard of knowledge discover ... Link to item Cite

Pragmatic (trial) informatics: a perspective from the NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · September 1, 2017 Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are research investigations embedded in health care settings designed to increase the efficiency of research and its relevance to clinical practice. The Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory, initiated by the National ... Full text Link to item Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2017 Following is part VII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Real-Time Multi-User Monitor System for the PDP-8 Family of Computers. By R. Sage and D. Loving. Miniature Time-Shared Monitor. By W. L. Craft and H. E. Dayringer. MTM/8-Multi-Ta ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, ATLANTA, GA, MAY 13-15 1971.

Journal Article · January 1, 2017 Collection of 33 papers by various authors. The topics discussed are: languages-developments and implementations, operating systems, data analysis, and hardware developments. Following is a list of titles and authors: PS/8 Basic. By Don Baccus and Gerd Hoe ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2017 Following is part VIII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Physician Computer Interface. By S. C. Lloyd and W. E. Hammond. RAUPEDATA-11 - A Sophisticated Debugging Program for the PDP-11. By E. G. Fisher. ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article · January 1, 2017 Following is part III of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Improved Routines for the PDP-15/VT-15. By L. Leiro and R. Taylor. User-Oriented Computer Graphic System. By K. Lee. Applications of a String Language. By A. E. Sapega, M. N. Sim ... Cite

Evaluation of Nursing Documentation Completion of Stroke Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pre-Post Analysis Using Flowsheet Templates and Clinical Decision Support.

Journal Article Comput Inform Nurs · February 2016 The primary aim of this performance improvement project was to determine whether the electronic health record implementation of stroke-specific nursing documentation flowsheet templates and clinical decision support alerts improved the nursing documentatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Research Reproducibility in Longitudinal Multi-Center Studies Using Data from Electronic Health Records.

Journal Article AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc · 2016 A fundamental premise of scientific research is that it should be reproducible. However, the specific requirements for reproducibility of research using electronic health record (EHR) data have not been sufficiently articulated. There is no guidance for re ... Link to item Cite

Innovative information visualization of electronic health record data: a systematic review.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · March 2015 OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the use of visualization techniques reported between 1996 and 2013 and evaluates innovative approaches to information visualization of electronic health record (EHR) data for knowledge discovery. METHODS: An electronic li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health data use, stewardship, and governance: ongoing gaps and challenges: a report from AMIA's 2012 Health Policy Meeting.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2014 Large amounts of personal health data are being collected and made available through existing and emerging technological media and tools. While use of these data has significant potential to facilitate research, improve quality of care for individuals and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Design and evaluation of the ONC health information technology curriculum.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2014 OBJECTIVE: As part of the Heath Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) implemented its Workforce Development Program, which included initiatives t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electronic health records based phenotyping in next-generation clinical trials: a perspective from the NIH Health Care Systems Collaboratory.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · December 2013 Widespread sharing of data from electronic health records and patient-reported outcomes can strengthen the national capacity for conducting cost-effective clinical trials and allow research to be embedded within routine care delivery. While pragmatic clini ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of phenotype definitions for diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · December 2013 OBJECTIVE: This study compares the yield and characteristics of diabetes cohorts identified using heterogeneous phenotype definitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria from seven diabetes phenotype definitions were translated into query algorithms ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discussion of "Biomedical informatics: we are what we publish".

Journal Article Methods Inf Med · 2013 This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Biomedical Informatics: We Are What We Publish", written by Peter L. Elkin, Steven H. Brown, and Graham Wright. It is introduced by an editorial. This a ... Link to item Cite

Does access modality matter? Evaluation of validity in reusing clinical care data.

Journal Article AMIA Annu Symp Proc · 2013 Self-service database portals may improve access to institutional data resources for clinical research or quality improvement, but questions remain about the validity of this approach. We tested the accuracy of data extracted from a clinical data repositor ... Link to item Cite

Data standard ≠ data quality.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2013 The relationship between data quality and data standards has not been clearly articulated. While some directly state that data standards increase data quality, others claim the opposite. Depending on the type of data standard and the aspects of data qualit ... Link to item Cite

Preface

Journal Article Genomic and Personalized Medicine · November 15, 2012 Full text Cite

Semantic interoperability: Issue of standardizing medical vocabularies

Journal Article · December 1, 2010 Semantic interoperability is the key to achieving global interoperability in healthcare information technology. The benefits are tremendous - the sharing of clinical data for multiple uses including patient care, research, reimbursement, audit and analyses ... Full text Cite

Interoperability - What's in a word?

Journal Article Electronic Journal of Health Informatics · December 1, 2010 Cite

Connecting information to improve health.

Journal Article Health Aff (Millwood) · February 2010 Effective health information systems require timely access to all health data from all sources, including sites of direct care. In most parts of the world today, these data most likely come from many different and unconnected systems-but must be organized ... Full text Link to item Cite

Seamless care: what is it; what is its value; what does it require; when might we get it?

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2010 The vision of a seamless care environment enabled through the use of health information technology opens the door to exciting possibilities. The first is the creation of a patient-centric Electronic Health Record that would contain all health-related data ... Link to item Cite

Standardising clinical data elements

Journal Article International Journal of Functional Informatics and Personalised Medicine · January 1, 2010 We report the development and implementation of a methodology for standardising clinical data elements. The methodology, piloted using Tuberculosis (TB) and Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) domains, relies on clinicians for natural language definitions and o ... Full text Cite

Echocardiography

Journal Article Echocardiography · December 1, 2009 Echocardiography has expanded greatly to become a sub-specialty in cardiology in its own right. From the original M-mode modality of 50 years ago, it has evolved into a complex multimodality method for evaluating and quantifying cardiovascular lesions. In ... Full text Cite

Realizing the potential of healthcare information technology to enhance global health.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2009 For much of the world, truly productive and functional Electronic Health Record Systems (EHRs) remain an elusive goal of the future. Opportunities abound from the visibility provided by the availability of Health Information Technology funding in the U.S. ... Link to item Cite

HL7's comprehensive standards set and its international collaboration for enabling semantically interoperable eHealth and pHealth solutions.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2009 The workshop is organized by HL7 and its affiliates to present and to discuss HL7's activities for providing international standards and specifications to enable advanced semantically interoperable eHealth and pHealth solutions, adaptable to national healt ... Link to item Cite

eHealth interoperability.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2008 For improving quality and safety of patient's care, for keeping the costs of health services, but also for successfully managing public health communication and cooperation between all stakeholders is inevitable. Such interoperability can be provided at di ... Link to item Cite

Making sense of standards.

Journal Article J AHIMA · September 2007 Link to item Cite

Data standards: At the intersection of sites, clinical research networks, and standards development initiatives

Journal Article Drug Information Journal · January 1, 2007 Interactions between the health care and clinical research communities are currently inefficient. The present environment forces unnecessary redundancy, from the capture of patient data in the clinician-patient encounter to multiple uses of that data. Clin ... Full text Cite

Toward a national framework for the secondary use of health data: an American Medical Informatics Association White Paper.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2007 Secondary use of health data applies personal health information (PHI) for uses outside of direct health care delivery. It includes such activities as analysis, research, quality and safety measurement, public health, payment, provider certification or acc ... Full text Link to item Cite

The clinical document architecture and the continuity of care record: a critical analysis.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2006 Health care provides many opportunities in which the sharing of data between independent sites is highly desirable. Several standards are required to produce the functional and semantic interoperability necessary to support the exchange of such data: a com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk classification of adult primary care patients by self-reported quality of life.

Journal Article Med Care · February 2005 BACKGROUND: : Although patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is known to predict health services utilization, most risk assessment systems use provider-reported diagnoses as predictors rather than HRQOL. OBJECTIVE: : We sought to classify ... Full text Link to item Cite

Accelerating U.S. EHR adoption: how to get there from here. recommendations based on the 2004 ACMI retreat.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2005 Despite growing support for the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) to improve U.S. healthcare delivery, EHR adoption in the United States is slow to date due to a fundamental failure of the healthcare information technology marketplace. Reasons fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The making and adoption of health data standards.

Journal Article Health Aff (Millwood) · 2005 Health data standards are key to the U.S. quest to create an aggregated, patient-centric electronic health record; to build regional health information networks; to interchange data among independent sites involved in a person's care; to create a populatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of standards in electronic prescribing.

Journal Article Health Aff (Millwood) · 2004 The focus on preventing medical errors has advanced the arguments for widespread implementation of electronic prescribing. The choice of systems as well as the variation in functionality is large. Value and return on investment depend on the functionality ... Full text Link to item Cite

AMIA President's Awards, 2003.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2004 Full text Link to item Cite

The role of standards in electronic prescribing.

Journal Article Health Affairs Project Hope · January 1, 2004 The focus on preventing medical errors has advanced the arguments for widespread implementation of electronic prescribing. The choice of systems as well as the variation in functionality is large. Value and return on investment depend on the functionality ... Cite

Report of conference track 1: basic bottlenecks.

Journal Article Int J Med Inform · March 2003 Full text Link to item Cite

Making the boundaries clearer: revisiting information systems with fading boundaries.

Journal Article Int J Med Inform · March 2003 PURPOSE: To address issues of importance in 1994 and what has happened in those issues. METHODS: A number of questions and issues will be examined. Were we right in our focus at that time and what did we miss? What has happened that perhaps changed our per ... Full text Link to item Cite

HL7--more than a communications standard.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 2003 Health Level Seven (HL7) has evolved from a small, ad-hoc standards developer organisation focused on creating a standard for the interchange of data primarily in the hospital setting to an accredited American National Standard Organisation with wide-sprea ... Link to item Cite

An introduction to health level seven

Journal Article Lekar a Technika · 2002 The paper deals with the organization HL7 and with its activities including general view to the development of the standard. The paper explains why the standards ae necessary and how HL7 meets these needs. In particular, it deals with bases of the standard ... Cite

An introduction to health level seven

Conference Lekar A Technika · January 1, 2002 The paper deals with the organization HL7 and with its activities including general view to the development of the standard. The paper explains why the standards ae necessary and how HL7 meets these needs. In particular, it deals with bases of the standard ... Cite

Characteristics of adult primary care patients as predictors of future health services charges.

Journal Article Med Care · November 2001 BACKGROUND: Utilization risk assessment is potentially useful for allocation of health care resources, but precise measurement is difficult. OBJECTIVE: Test the hypotheses that health-related quality of life (HRQOL), severity of illness, and diagnoses at a ... Full text Link to item Cite

A national agenda for public health informatics.

Journal Article J Public Health Manag Pract · November 2001 The American Medical Informatics Association 2001 Spring Congress brought together the public health and informatics communities to develop a national agenda for public health informatics. Discussions on funding and governance; architecture and infrastruct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Data mining methods find demographic predictors of preterm birth.

Journal Article Nurs Res · 2001 BACKGROUND: Preterm births in the United States increased from 11.0% to 11.4% between 1996 and 1997; they continue to be a complex healthcare problem in the United States. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to compare traditional statistical met ... Full text Link to item Cite

Standards for the electronic health record, emerging from health care's Tower of Babel.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Symp · 2001 This paper considers the standardization of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). Relations between several distinct medical datasets and information systems are mapped in order to derive a more precise definition of the EHR. Two international efforts to esta ... Link to item Cite

How the past teaches the future: ACMI distinguished lecture.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2001 More than 30 years of experience in developing a computer-based patient record system, The Medical Record (TMR), in multiple settings, in multiple specialty groups, and at multiple sites has taught us many lessons. Lessons related to computer-based patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electronic health record: The need to prune

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION · January 1, 2001 Link to item Cite

Messaging and the EHR: Soul-mates or foes? Is convergence possible?

Conference Studies in Health Technology and Informatics · January 1, 2001 Full text Cite

Building knowledge in a complex preterm birth problem domain.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Symp · 2000 Data mining methods used a racially diverse sample (n = 19,970) of pregnant women and 1,622 variables that were collected in Duke's TMR electronic patient record over a 10-year period. Different statistical and data mining methods were similar when compare ... Link to item Cite

Toward vocabulary domain specifications for health level 7-coded data elements.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 2000 The "vocabulary problem" has long plagued the developers, implementers, and users of computer-based systems. The authors review selected activities of the Health Level 7 (HL7) Vocabulary Technical Committee that are related to vocabulary domain specificati ... Full text Link to item Cite

New data mining tools for outcomes analysis in complex clinical problems

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION · January 1, 1999 Link to item Cite

Managing healthcare: A view of tomorrow

Journal Article Studies in Health Technology and Informatics · January 1, 1998 This paper presents a vision of the future in which standards exist at all levels necessary to accomplish true interoperability. The infrastructure has been established to support connectivity among all healthcare-related institutions as well as the popula ... Full text Cite

A comparison of neural network models for the prediction of the cost of care for acute coronary syndrome patients.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Symp · 1998 Acute coronary syndromes have remained the focus of many clinical economic studies due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and the tightening of cost controls. An accurate descriptive cost model for this population would be a valuable tool for clin ... Link to item Cite

A proposal for incorporating health level seven (HL7) vocabulary in the UMLS Metathesaurus.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Symp · 1998 The HL7 Vocabulary Technical Committee (TC) was organized to select and maintain the vocabulary used in HL7 messages. The goal is to make implementations of the Version 3 HL7 Standard more plug-and-play compatible. In order to make the vocabulary readily a ... Link to item Cite

Managing healthcare: a view of tomorrow.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 1998 This paper presents a vision of the future in which standards exist at all levels necessary to accomplish true interoperability. The infrastructure has been established to support connectivity among all healthcare-related institutions as well as the popula ... Link to item Cite

Object technology: raising the standards for healthcare information systems.

Journal Article Stud Health Technol Inform · 1998 Netscape and the public Internet have accelerated the acceptance of many different open "Internet standards". Through wide acceptance of its browser, Netscape gave a boost to the Java programming language helping it become truly platform independent. Objec ... Link to item Cite

Duke Case-Mix System (DUMIX) for ambulatory health care.

Journal Article J Clin Epidemiol · December 1997 The Duke Case-Mix System (DUMIX), which combines age, gender, patient-reported perceived and physical health status, and provider-reported or auditor-reported severity of illness to classify patients by their risk of high future utilization, explained 17.1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploratory Data Analysis to Detect Preterm Risk Factors

Journal Article Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · December 1, 1997 Cite

Basic principles of information technology organization in health care institutions - Questions and answers

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION · March 1, 1997 Link to item Cite

Integration of a computer-based patient record system into the primary care setting.

Journal Article Comput Nurs · 1997 The use of computer-based patient record systems (CPRS) in the primary care setting will increase significantly over the next few years. Real-time, point-of-care use of such systems must provide adequate payback to justify the intrusion into the provider/p ... Link to item Cite

Computerized decision support based on a clinical practice guideline improves compliance with care standards.

Journal Article Am J Med · January 1997 PURPOSE: Clinical guidelines are designed to assist in the management of specific diseases; however, these guidelines are often neglected in the delivery of care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinician use of an clinical practice guid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medical data mining: knowledge discovery in a clinical data warehouse.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp · 1997 Clinical databases have accumulated large quantities of information about patients and their medical conditions. Relationships and patterns within this data could provide new medical knowledge. Unfortunately, few methodologies have been developed and appli ... Link to item Cite

Call for a standard clinical vocabulary.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · 1997 Full text Link to item Cite

Data mining issues for improved birth outcomes.

Journal Article Biomed Sci Instrum · 1997 Issues obstructing progress in data mining for improved health outcomes include data quality problems, data redundancy, data inconsistency, repeated measures, temporal (time-contextual) measures, and data volume. Related issues involve theoretical and tech ... Link to item Cite

Medical Data Mining: Knowledge Discovery in a Clinical Data Warehouse

Journal Article Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · January 1, 1997 Clinical databases have accumulated large quantities of information about patients and their medical conditions. Relationships and patterns within this data could provide new medical knowledge. Unfortunately, few methodologies have been developed and appli ... Cite

Politics and standards.

Journal Article Healthc Inform · September 1996 Link to item Cite

Documenting data delivery: design, deployment, and decision.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp · 1996 Developing and deploying informatics solutions which are useful and acceptable to busy physicians are challenging tasks. We describe the design, deployment, and evaluation process by which the delivery of routine clinical laboratory reports is automated us ... Link to item Cite

HL7 Forum. How long does it take to write a standard?

Journal Article Healthc Inform · January 1996 Link to item Cite

Implications of the Java language on computer-based patient records.

Journal Article Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp · 1996 The growth of the utilization of the World Wide Web (WWW) as a medium for the delivery of computer-based patient records (CBPR) has created a new paradigm in which clinical information may be delivered. Until recently the authoring tools and environment fo ... Link to item Cite

HEALTH INFORMATION AND HEALTH REFORM - UNDERSTANDING THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL-HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEM - DUNCAN,KA

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION · September 1, 1995 Link to item Cite

The status of healthcare standards in the United States.

Journal Article Int J Biomed Comput · April 1995 Healthcare standards in the US are produced by six standard developers organizations: ACR/NEMA, ASC X12N, ASTM, HL7, IEEE, and NCPDP. The activities of these groups are coordinated through the ANSI HISPP. While considerable progress has been made in the ar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computer-prompted diagnostic codes.

Journal Article J Fam Pract · March 1995 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a computer system that would translate patient diagnoses noted by a physician into appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes ... Link to item Cite

Converting a legacy system database into relational format to enhance query efficiency.

Journal Article Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care · 1995 The analysis of clinical data collected over time can provide important insight into the health care process. Unfortunately, much of the electronic clinical data that exists today is stored in legacy systems, making it difficult to access and share the inf ... Link to item Cite

Feasibility and potential clinical usefulness of a computerized severity of illness measure.

Journal Article Arch Fam Med · November 1994 OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and potential clinical usefulness of the computerized Duke Severity of Illness Checklist (DUSOI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of patients whose severity of illness was measured with the DUSOI. Providers assessed the c ... Full text Link to item Cite

The medical record: a comprehensive computer system for the family physician.

Journal Article J Am Board Fam Pract · 1994 BACKGROUND: Despite the early excitement regarding the possible uses of computers in medical care in the 1980s, the computer has not had much effect on routine outpatient medicine except for billing and accounting. METHODS: An emerging comprehensive ambula ... Link to item Cite

Development and evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Management Protocol (CAMP): improved compliance with care guidelines for diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care · 1994 Disease-specific standards for directing patient management are becoming increasingly important. These standards, however, are often not followed because they are not sufficiently integrated into the clinical care setting. In this study we describe the dev ... Link to item Cite

The role of standards in creating a health information infrastructure.

Journal Article Int J Biomed Comput · January 1994 In the belief that the existence of a variety of standards is an absolute necessity for health care professional workstations to work, this paper provides a detailed overview of the standards efforts of a number of groups. According to the International St ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute childbirth morbidity: its measurement using hospital charges.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · June 1992 OBJECTIVES: An analytic descriptive analysis of acute childbirth morbidity was carried out at Duke University Medical Center, comparing patients delivered by primary cesarean section with those delivered vaginally. STUDY DESIGN: All primary cesarean delive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated acuity scoring within a computer based medical record.

Journal Article Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care · 1992 This paper describes the initial development of a completely automated acuity scoring system that resides within the TMR bedside computing system at the Duke University Medical Center, Surgical Intensive Unit. The scoring system is based upon the APACHE II ... Link to item Cite

Health Level 7: an application standard for electronic medical data exchange.

Journal Article Top Health Rec Manage · June 1991 The development of the HL7 is proceeding along two lines. Much effort is being spent on solving the ambiguities of version 2.1 and in extending the standard to areas that are not yet well defined. For example, at a recent working group meeting new messages ... Link to item Cite

Adopting TMR for physician/nurse use.

Journal Article Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care · 1991 A major problem which must be overcome before on-line medical records become widely accepted and used is the interface between the human and the computer. This paper presents the evolution of an interface, over time, which recognizes and addresses importan ... Link to item Cite

Bedside computerization of the ICU, design issues: benefits of computerization versus ease of paper & pen.

Journal Article Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care · 1991 This paper describes the design considerations for the implementation of a bedside computer system in an intensive care environment. Specific issues discussed include application design, implementation problems, design revisions, and design solutions. Spec ... Link to item Cite

IAIMS - The role of strategic planning

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1989 In 1986, the Medical Center Information Systems Advisory Committee (MCISAC) was established as a standing committee of the Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) with responsibility for ongoing information policy formation and strategic planning. MCISAC's p ... Cite

TMR - The medical record: Spanning the spectrum of patient care

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1989 The Medical Record (TMR) is a comprehensive medical information system. Recently, it was decided to use TMR as the basis for a bedside computing pilot project on the surgical intensive care unit. The goal of the project is to replace the manual flow sheets ... Cite

Query: The language of databases

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1989 A description is given of a variety of users and circumstances for which queries are made, and the problems and limitations of general-purpose systems are discussed. The authors examine different types of databases in both function and structure. They then ... Cite

Computer-based medical records: The need for storing a single datum in multiple orientations

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · November 1, 1988 The Medical Record (TMR) is a comprehensive medical information system designed with a computer-based medical record as its centerpiece. Experience in meeting the functional requirements of the health-care worker whose main concern is providing an immediat ... Cite

Duke electronic mail post office: A practical mail linking system

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · November 1, 1988 The Duke Electronic Mail Post Office project (DEMPO), a system designed to integrate the many different electronic mail systems in use throughout Duke University, is described. DEMPO is part of Duke University Medical Center's model for achieving an integr ... Cite

Changing rates of cesarean delivery: the Duke experience, 1978-1986.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · July 1988 There was a steady increase in the yearly cesarean delivery rate, from 14.0 to 24.8%, between July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1986 at Duke University Medical Center; this was associated predominantly with an increase in the rate of primary cesarean deliveries. T ... Link to item Cite

Bedside terminals: an overview.

Journal Article MD Comput · 1988 Link to item Cite

Patient management systems: The early years

Conference Proceedings of ACM Conference on History of Medical Informatics Hmi 1987 · December 1, 1987 Full text Cite

DEMAND-ORIENTED MEDICAL RECORDS: TOWARD A PHYSICIAN WORK STATION.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1987 Experience utilizing the medical record components of the TMR medical records database management system in the nephrology unit of the Durham, NC, Veterans Administration hospital, have shown that problem-oriented, time-oriented, encounter-oriented, and gr ... Cite

TLS - THE LABORATORY SYSTEM: A NETWORKED PATIENT CARE SYSTEM AND LABORATORY SYSTEM.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1987 The authors describe the design and development of an integrated computer-based medical record system and a clinical laboratory system. In contrast to the patient care system, the design and organization of the laboratory system is dictated by work flow an ... Cite

COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD SYSTEMS

Journal Article M D COMPUTING · May 1, 1987 Link to item Cite

EVOLUTION OF A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1986 The authors present the development of a computerized medical information system and discuss the factors which influenced its philosophy, design and implementation. This system, now called TMR, began as a single-user, tape-orientted minicomputer package an ... Cite

AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM TO CREATE MEDICALLY-ORIENTED REPORT GENERATORS.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1985 A medical information system must be able to meet the demand for new reports. The authors present the advantages and disadvantages of several techniques which allow the user to write medically oriented reports without programming. The TMR report generator ... Cite

CALCULATING STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFICE PRACTICE SYSTEMS.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1985 The disk space requirements of small- and medium-sized group practices using a comprehensive medical information system supported by either a microcomputer or a minicomputer are analyzed. Efficient operation requires that 23%-54% of a typical system disk b ... Cite

CREATING A LINK BETWEEN MEDICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATABASES.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1985 Patient care databases and clinical research databases often share a large portion of data. An automatic transfer of data eliminates the duplicate entry process and increases consistency between the databases. The authors provide a description of the diffe ... Cite

PLANNED NETWORKING FOR MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1985 Local area networks and distributed systems provide major advantages in flexibility, expansion, reliability, and improved response time. The authors present their experiences in developing and implementing Ethernet using digital hardware and DECnet network ... Cite

TMR--MEETING THE DEMAND FOR THE VARIETY OF REPORT MODALITIES.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1984 Five levels of computer-generated reports are discussed. These reports vary from rigid, predefined formats to flexible formats which require some user sophistication but no computer programming experience. It is noted that as reports become more flexible, ... Cite

BEYOND A BASIC HIS: WORK STATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1984 During its first decade of experience with a hospital information system, Duke University Medical Center focused on the development and use of a system which centers on the nursing station and provides a communication network linking ancillary departments. ... Cite

Improving drug prescribing in a primary care practice.

Journal Article Med Care · March 1984 A model for improving physician prescribing that utilizes computerized feedback was studied in a family medicine residency practice. Resident and faculty physicians were stratified by level of experience and randomized into two groups. For 9 months the exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADAPTING TO THE DAY TO DAY GROWTH OF TMR.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1983 Cite

FUNCTIONS REQUIRED TO ALLOW TMR TO SUPPORT THE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS OF A HOSPITAL.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1983 Cite

Conversion of manual to total computerized medical records. Experience with selected abstraction.

Journal Article J Med Syst · June 1983 The use of computerized medical records for complex medical patients will depend upon the transfer of previous medical data from the manual record into the automated version. The complexity of these patients precludes the complete transfer of medical data ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computerized medical records. A new resource for clinical decision making.

Journal Article J Med Syst · June 1983 A computerized medical record changes the way a clinician practices medicine by presenting data about patients in multiple organized formats. A computerized record can be used to make it more difficult to overlook important findings. The computer can impro ... Full text Link to item Cite

A chartless record--is it adequate?

Journal Article J Med Syst · April 1983 The computerized medical record supported by The Medical Record (TMR) has been the only record of physician-patient encounters on the nephrology service of the Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center since April 1981. Physicians using the system eval ... Full text Link to item Cite

DETERMINANTS OF USE OF COMPUTERIZED CONSULTATION

Conference CLINICAL RESEARCH · January 1, 1983 Link to item Cite

FEATURES OF TMR FOR A SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL AND RESEARCH DATABASE.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1982 Cite

CHARTLESS RECORD - IS IT ADEQUATE?

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1982 Cite

METHOD OF HANDLING SUBJECTIVE AND PHYSICAL DATA; EXPERIENCE WITH TWO SYSTEMS.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1982 Cite

USING COMPUTER-GENERATED FEEDBACK TO IMPROVE PHYSICIAN PRESCRIBING.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1982 Cite

Computer will stand next to physician

Journal Article Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · January 1, 1982 Full text Cite

A perinatal database management system for ambulatory care

Journal Article Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · January 1, 1982 Full text Cite

EFFECT OF AUTOMATED RECORDS ON PROVIDER EFFICIENCY

Conference CLINICAL RESEARCH · January 1, 1982 Link to item Cite

IMPROVING DRUG PRESCRIBING IN FAMILY-PRACTICE

Conference CLINICAL RESEARCH · January 1, 1982 Link to item Cite

COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL RECORDS FOR OFFICE AND AMBULATORY CLINIC PRACTICE.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1981 Cite

EXPERIENCES IN THE TRANSFER OF A MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FROM AN ACADEMIC SETTING TO A PRIVATE SETTING.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · December 1, 1981 Cite

INTERFACE BETWEEN A HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · January 1, 1980 There is a growing overlap between hospital information systems and medical information systems in both data storage and function. The development of an integrated system is the best approach to reducing redundancy without compromising function. An initial ... Cite

CLINICAL DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

Journal Article International Journal on Policy and Information · January 1, 1980 Basic concepts in the design of one clinical data base are presented that are used in three health care facilities at the Duke University Medical Center. The programs are written in GEMISCH, and all components of the medical record are dealt with. The use ... Cite

HOW TO REALIZE LABOR SAVINGS WITH A COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL RECORD.

Journal Article Proceedings Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care · January 1, 1980 The implementation of a computerized medical record system is generally associated with an increase in labor expense. This study presents an application of a computerized medical record that has achieved labor savings by reducing the cost of data entry and ... Cite

THE GROWTH OF MEDICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES - LINDBERG,DAB

Journal Article HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH · January 1, 1980 Link to item Cite

Total medical record: an automated medical information system.

Journal Article Med Group Manage · 1979 The strength of the TMR system lies in its integration of medical and business information in a practical, easy-to-use design. It eliminates the delay, inefficiency, and bulk found in other medical information systems. ... Link to item Cite

Computer-aided instruction in clinical neurology.

Journal Article Journal of Medical Education · August 1, 1978 Cite

EXPERIENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMBULATORY CARE MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM.

Journal Article IAHS AISH Publication International Association of Hydrological Sciences Association Internationale Des Sciences Hydrologiques · January 1, 1978 With rising costs of health care delivery and increased demands for information from medical providers, the need for a medical information system is becoming critical. This paper describes a minicomputer-based, data base management system designed for supp ... Cite

Computerized nursery discharge summary.

Journal Article Methods Inf Med · October 1977 Link to item Cite

A computerized obstetric medical record.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · April 1977 Duke University has utilized computerized obstetric medical records since 1971. System evolution is described. Deficiencies in the current system appear to evolve from the computer/human interface rather than from basic system design. Critical elements in ... Link to item Cite

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AMBULATORY CARE.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1977 A minicomputer-based, data base management system designed primarily for the support of ambulatory care delivery is described. The DBMS, written in the GEMISCH language, supports medical, administrative and financial functions in several clinics. Major fea ... Cite

Experience in computerization of perinatal medical records

Journal Article University of Michigan Medical Center Journal · January 1, 1977 Computerization of perinatal records is still in a developmental phase. Three major aspects of information system design are evident. Data base definition involves problems in level of description detail that users perceive as necessary and are willing to ... Cite

The cost of auditing outpatient records.

Journal Article South Med J · October 1976 When patient records are to be auditied in a program designed to assess the quality of medical care rendered, careful consideration must be given to the cost of the system implemented. Structured data collection and a defined treatment plan are advantageou ... Full text Link to item Cite

EVOLUTION OF A MINICOMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEM.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1975 A discussion is presented of the evolution of a minicomputer information system, GEMISCH, from a single-user, tape-oriented computer to a multiuser, disk-oriented computer. Program generation as a result of applications, hardware or software problems, peop ... Cite

COMPUTERS IN AMBULATORY CARE

Journal Article CLINICAL MEDICINE · January 1, 1975 Link to item Cite

An automated "well-baby" questionnaire.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 1973 Link to item Cite

GEMISCH—A Minicomputer Information Support System

Journal Article Proceedings of the IEEE · January 1, 1973 An on-line minicomputer information system which has achieved diverse applicability in the medical environment is presented. The motivations for “total medical information systems” are enumerated. The controversy over large-scale computers versus minicompu ... Full text Cite

GEMISCH: A minicomputer information support system

Journal Article Proceedings of the IEEE · January 1, 1973 An on line minicomputer information system which has achieved diverse applicability in the medical environment is presented. The motivations for 'total medical information systems' are enumerated. The controversy over large scale computers versus minicompu ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1972 Following is part VIII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Physician Computer Interface. By S. C. Lloyd and W. E. Hammond. RAUPEDATA-11 - A Sophisticated Debugging Program for the PDP-11. By E. G. Fisher. ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1972 Following is part VII of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Real-Time Multi-User Monitor System for the PDP-8 Family of Computers. By R. Sage and D. Loving. Miniature Time-Shared Monitor. By W. L. Craft and H. E. Dayringer. MTM/8-Multi-Ta ... Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, BOSTON, MASS, MAY 10-13 1972.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1972 Following is part III of the title and author listing of 62 symposium papers: Improved Routines for the PDP-15/VT-15. By L. Leiro and R. Taylor. User-Oriented Computer Graphic System. By K. Lee. Applications of a String Language. By A. E. Sapega, M. N. Sim ... Cite

A generalized medical information system (GEMISCH) for practicing physicians

Conference Proceedings of the 1971 26th Annual Conference ACM 1971 · January 1, 1971 Here is described an information system for the accumulation, storage, analysis, retrieval and output of medical data. Particular attention has been given to flexibility of input devices, and to readability of output. Primary emphasis has been on making th ... Full text Cite

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTER USERS SOCIETY, SPRING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS, ATLANTA, GA, MAY 13-15 1971.

Journal Article undefined · January 1, 1971 Collection of 33 papers by various authors. The topics discussed are: languages-developments and implementations, operating systems, data analysis, and hardware developments. Following is a list of titles and authors: PS/8 Basic. By Don Baccus and Gerd Hoe ... Cite

Digital control of a frequency synthesizer

Journal Article Review of Scientific Instruments · December 1, 1968 Full text Cite

Linear Voltage-Amplitude to Pulse-Width Conversion Utilizing a Controlled Unijunction Monostable Multivibrator

Journal Article IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits · January 1, 1968 A circuit that achieves linear wide-range voltage-amplitude to pulse-width conversion is presented. The circuit combines a unijunction transistor operating in an inverted mode, a field-effect transistor, and an integrated circuit flip-flop to obtain highly ... Full text Cite

A Hybrid Cross-Correlation Data Processing System

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology · January 1, 1968 A telemetry data processing system based on cross-correlation techniques and maximum-likelihood detection principles and designed to decode a special type of pulse-code modulated (PCM) signals, pulse-frequency modulation (PFM), is discussed. The decoding s ... Full text Cite

Visualization of EHR and Health Related Data for Information Discovery

Conference http://www.visualanalyticshealthcare.org/VAHC2013/docs/VAHC2013_proceedings_LowRes.pdf Open Access Cite