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Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Barnes, AP; Khandelwal, S; Sartoretto, S; Myoung, S; Francis, SJ; Lee, GM; Rauova, L; Cines, DB; Skare, JT; Booth, CE; Garcia, BL; Arepally, GM
Published in: J Thromb Haemost
November 2022

BACKGROUND: Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin immune complexes that cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) activate complement via the classical pathway. Previous studies have shown that the alternative pathway of complement substantially amplifies the classical pathway of complement activation through the C3b feedback cycle. OBJECTIVES: These studies sought to examine the contributions of the alternative pathway to complement activation by HIT antibodies. METHODS: Using IgG monoclonal (KKO) and/or patient-derived HIT antibodies, we compared the effects of classical pathway (BBK32 and C1-esterase inhibitor [C1-INH]), alternative pathway (anti-factor B [fB] or factor D [fD] inhibitor) or combined classical and alternative pathway inhibition (soluble complement receptor 1 [sCR1]) in whole blood or plasma. RESULTS: Classical pathway inhibitors BBK32 and C1-INH and the combined classical/alternative pathway inhibitor sCR1 prevented KKO/HIT immune complex-induced complement activation, including release of C3 and C5 activation products, binding of immune complexes to B cells, and neutrophil activation. The alternative pathway inhibitors fB and fD, however, did not affect complement activation by KKO/HIT immune complexes. Similarly, alternative pathway inhibition had no effect on complement activation by unrelated immune complexes consisting of anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody and the multivalent DNP--keyhole limpet hemocyanin antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings suggest the alternative pathway contributes little in support of complement activation by HIT immune complexes. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are required to examine if this property is shared by most IgG-containing immune complexes or if predominance of the classic pathway is limited to immune complexes composed of multivalent antigens.

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Published In

J Thromb Haemost

DOI

EISSN

1538-7836

Publication Date

November 2022

Volume

20

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2656 / 2665

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Receptors, Complement
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Humans
  • Heparin
  • Esterases
  • Complement System Proteins
  • Complement Factor D
  • Complement Activation
  • Cardiovascular System & Hematology
 

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Barnes, A. P., Khandelwal, S., Sartoretto, S., Myoung, S., Francis, S. J., Lee, G. M., … Arepally, G. M. (2022). Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes. J Thromb Haemost, 20(11), 2656–2665. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15856
Barnes, Ayiesha P., Sanjay Khandelwal, Simone Sartoretto, Sooho Myoung, Samuel J. Francis, Grace M. Lee, Lubica Rauova, et al. “Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes.J Thromb Haemost 20, no. 11 (November 2022): 2656–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15856.
Barnes AP, Khandelwal S, Sartoretto S, Myoung S, Francis SJ, Lee GM, et al. Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes. J Thromb Haemost. 2022 Nov;20(11):2656–65.
Barnes, Ayiesha P., et al. “Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes.J Thromb Haemost, vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 2022, pp. 2656–65. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/jth.15856.
Barnes AP, Khandelwal S, Sartoretto S, Myoung S, Francis SJ, Lee GM, Rauova L, Cines DB, Skare JT, Booth CE, Garcia BL, Arepally GM. Minimal role for the alternative pathway in complement activation by HIT immune complexes. J Thromb Haemost. 2022 Nov;20(11):2656–2665.
Journal cover image

Published In

J Thromb Haemost

DOI

EISSN

1538-7836

Publication Date

November 2022

Volume

20

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2656 / 2665

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Receptors, Complement
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Humans
  • Heparin
  • Esterases
  • Complement System Proteins
  • Complement Factor D
  • Complement Activation
  • Cardiovascular System & Hematology