Scholars@Duke
Chanjuan Shi

Chanjuan Shi

Professor of Pathology
Pathology
chanjuan.shi@duke.edu
40 Duke Medicine Circle, Box 3712 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
40 Duke Medicine Circle, Box 3712 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Diffuse expression of p16 in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and the association of morphology variants.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · May 17, 2025 OBJECTIVE: Distinguishing grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) from neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs) is sometimes challenging. Recently, a diffuse p16-positive pattern was reported in PanNECs but not in grade 3 PanNETs, suggesting that p16 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vascular flow alteration is a dominant pattern of liver pathology in patients with orthotopic lung transplants: a retrospective observational study.

Conference Histopathology · May 2025 AIMS: The number of orthotopic lung transplants (OLT) has skyrocketed since the 1960s, generating an ever-increasing cohort of post-OLT patients. Many challenges exist in the post-OLT timeframe, including donor graft dysfunction, infection, malignancy, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spatial Transcriptomics of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Reveals Divergent Indolent and Malignant States.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · May 1, 2025 PURPOSE: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) occur in 5% to 10% of the population, but only a small minority progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The lack of accurate predictors of high-risk disease leads to both unnecessary ope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiplexed glycan immunofluorescence identification of pancreatic cancer cell subpopulations in both tumor and blood samples.

Journal Article Sci Adv · March 7, 2025 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor heterogeneity impedes the development of biomarker assays for early disease detection. We hypothesized that PDAC cell subpopulations could be identified by aberrant glycan signatures in both tumor tissue and bl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Resected Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm-Derived Pancreatic Cancer: Results From an International Multicenter Study.

Journal Article J Clin Oncol · December 20, 2024 PURPOSE: The benefit of adjuvant therapy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear because of severely limited evidence. Although biologically distinct entities, adjuvant therapy prac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.

Journal Article J Biophotonics · September 2024 Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has improved patient outcomes; however, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, novel strategies to improve screening are needed. Here, we propose an optical biopsy technique ba ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel endoscopic scoring system for immune mediated colitis: a multicenter retrospective study of 674 patients.

Journal Article Gastrointest Endosc · August 2024 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No endoscopic scoring system has been established for immune-mediated colitis (IMC). This study aimed to establish such a system for IMC and explore its utility in guiding future selective immunosuppressive therapy (SIT) use compared t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Debating Deposits, Redux: Substantial Interobserver Agreement Exists in Distinguishing Tumor Deposits From Nodal Metastases in Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · May 1, 2024 CONTEXT: Recent data suggest mesenteric tumor deposits (MTDs) indicate poor prognosis in small bowel well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (SB-NETs), including compared to positive lymph nodes, making their distinction crucial. OBJECTIVE: To study inte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expanding Role of Gastroenterology in the Staging of Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumors: Updates From the American Joint Committee on Cancer Version 9 Cancer Staging System.

Journal Article Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · March 2024 Full text Cite

Critical updates in neuroendocrine tumors: Version 9 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Journal Article CA Cancer J Clin · 2024 The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for all cancer sites, including gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), is meant to be dynamic, requiring periodic updates to optimize AJCC staging definitions. This entails the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Involvement in Immunodefciencies and Systemic Disease of Childhood

Chapter · January 1, 2024 Immunodeficiencies can be primary or secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are classified into five types, including 1) predominantly antibody deficiencies, 2) immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, 3) combined immunodeficiencies with ... Full text Cite

Differential spatial distribution of HNF4α isoforms during dysplastic progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Journal Article Sci Rep · November 16, 2023 Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) comprises a nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that yields twelve isoforms in humans, classified into promoters P1 or P2-associated groups with specific functions. Alterations in ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACAA2 is a novel molecular indicator for cancers with neuroendocrine phenotype.

Journal Article Br J Cancer · November 2023 BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine phenotype is commonly associated with therapy resistance and poor prognoses in small-cell neuroendocrine cancers (SCNCs), such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Expression levels of curre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic OCT.

Journal Article bioRxiv · September 6, 2023 Screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) have had a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of this disease by detecting and removing early cancers and precancerous adenomas with colonoscopy. However, CRC continues to be the third leading caus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinicopathologic features of non-type 1/2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors and their associated mucosal changes.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · August 1, 2023 OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis for non-type 1/2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G-NETs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic features of G-NETs and associated mucosal changes. METHODS: The electronic health records of pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Venous Invasion in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Independently Associated With Disease-free Survival and Overall Survival.

Conference Am J Surg Pathol · June 1, 2023 In this study, we evaluated venous invasion and its association with survival in patients with resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET). Surgical Pathology Archives were searched for pancreatectomies performed for PanNET between October 1, 2005, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytomorphologic observations on the sclerosing variant of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Towards making specific diagnoses early.

Conference Diagn Cytopathol · May 12, 2023 BACKGROUND: The recently described sclerosing variant of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (spNET) shows prominent stromal fibrosis and decreased tumor cellularity in surgical pathology specimens. Although prognostic data are currently ambivalent, some studi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Practice patterns for reporting digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms: results from a large, comprehensive international survey.

Journal Article Histopathology · March 2023 AIMS: Criteria for the interpretation of digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) continue to evolve. Although there are some literature recommendations regarding workup and diagnosis of these lesions, different practice patterns exist among pathol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Digital spatial profiling of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: Toward a molecular framework for risk stratification.

Journal Article Science advances · March 2023 The histopathologic heterogeneity of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) complicates the prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk. Intratumoral regions of pancreaticobiliary (PB), intestinal (INT), and gastric foveolar (GF) ep ... Full text Cite

Heterogeneity of glycan biomarker clusters as an indicator of recurrence in pancreatic cancer.

Journal Article Front Oncol · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Outcomes following tumor resection vary dramatically among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A challenge in defining predictive biomarkers is to discern within the complex tumor tissue the specific subpopulations and rela ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Molecular testing in colorectal cancer

Chapter · January 1, 2023 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease, in which at least three distinct molecular pathways to carcinogenesis and four consensus molecular subtypes have been described. There has, therefore, been an increasing role for molecular testing in the diagno ... Full text Cite

Histopathological tumour response scoring in resected pancreatic cancer following neoadjuvant therapy: international interobserver study (ISGPP-1).

Journal Article Br J Surg · December 13, 2022 BACKGROUND: Most tumour response scoring systems for resected pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy score tumour regression. However, whether treatment-induced changes, including tumour regression, can be identified reliably on haematoxylin and eosin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanisms of Resistance in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal Article Cancers (Basel) · December 12, 2022 Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), although curable when localized, frequently metastasize and require management with systemic therapies, including somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radiotherapy, small-molecule targeted therap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multidimensional Immunophenotyping of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Reveals Novel T Cell and Macrophage Signature.

Conference Ann Surg Oncol · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are the only radiographically identifiable precursor to pancreatic adenocarcinoma, yet little is known about how these lesions progress to cancer. Inflammation has been associated with dysplastic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Urolithin A attenuates severity of chronic pancreatitis associated with continued alcohol intake by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol · October 1, 2022 Heavy alcohol consumption is the dominant risk factor for chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, treatment and prevention strategies for alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) remains limited. The present study demonstrates that ACP induction in C57BL/6 mice ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Data Set for Reporting Carcinoma of the Stomach in Gastrectomy.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · September 1, 2022 CONTEXT.—: A standardized detailed surgical pathology report is the cornerstone of gastric cancer management. OBJECTIVE.—: To guide management and prognostication for patients with gastric carcinomas globally, the International Collaboration on Cancer Repo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Efficacy of Avelumab in Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma.

Journal Article Clin Colorectal Cancer · September 2022 INTRODUCTION: Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare and frequently treated like large intestinal adenocarcinomas. However, SBAs have a very different microenvironment and could respond differently to the same therapies. Our previous data suggested th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peak density of immature nerve cells occurs with high-grade dysplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Journal Article J Pathol · September 2022 The development of neural structures within tumors is now considered vital for carcinogenesis. However, the time course of this development in human pre-invasive neoplasia has been incompletely described. Therefore, we performed a detailed analysis of nerv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Giant Pancreatic Myoepithelial Hamartoma in a Patient With Familial Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.

Journal Article Pancreas · August 1, 2022 Pancreatic myoepithelial hamartoma is a rare, benign solid and cystic lesion of the pancreas. We present the first case of an adult with a giant myoepithelial hamartoma extending throughout the pancreas in a patient with diabetes in 4 immediate family memb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Liver Mass: Thinking Out of the Box.

Journal Article Gastroenterology · July 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

Primary hepatic neoplasms arising in cirrhotic livers can have a variable spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · October 2021 Primary hepatic neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation are extremely rare. Their clinicopathological features and molecular genetic basis are largely unknown. We identified four cases of primary hepatic neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dataset for the reporting of carcinoma of the esophagus in resection specimens: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · August 2021 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A standardized data set for esophageal carcinoma pathology reporting was developed based on the approach of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) for the purpose of improving cancer patient outcomes and inter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Colonic Epithelial-Derived Selenoprotein P Is the Source for Antioxidant-Mediated Protection in Colitis-Associated Cancer.

Journal Article Gastroenterology · April 2021 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate nutritional selenium deficiencies and are at greater risk of developing colon cancer. Previously, we determined that global reduction of the secreted antioxidant selenium-contain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Key histopathologic features in idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension: an interobserver agreement study and proposal for diagnostic criteria.

Journal Article Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · March 2021 Histologic features of idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH), loosely termed as obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), are heterogenous, often subtle, and overlap with other entities. To this date, no consensus histopathologic diagnostic criter ... Full text Cite

A multicenter characterization of hepatitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Journal Article Oncoimmunology · February 8, 2021 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) predispose patients to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although hepatitis is a potentially lethal toxicity, the timing and outcomes have not been well described. In this retrospective study, patients from six inter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amsterdam International Consensus Meeting: tumor response scoring in the pathology assessment of resected pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Journal Article Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · January 2021 Histopathologically scoring the response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to neoadjuvant treatment can guide the selection of adjuvant therapy and improve prognostic stratification. However, several tumor response scoring (TRS) systems exist, and ... Full text Cite

Gastric neuroendocrine tumours from long-term proton pump inhibitor users are indolent tumours with good prognosis.

Journal Article Histopathology · December 2020 AIMS: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used medications in the United States. Most PPI users have persistent hypergastrinaemia during treatment. However, gastric neuroendocrine tumours diagnosed in long-term PPI users are rarely repo ... Full text Link to item Cite

TSPO-targeted PET and Optical Probes for the Detection and Localization of Premalignant and Malignant Pancreatic Lesions.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · November 15, 2020 PURPOSE: Pancreatic cancer is among the most aggressive malignancies and is rarely discovered early. However, pancreatic "incidentalomas," particularly cysts, are frequently identified in asymptomatic patients through anatomic imaging for unrelated causes. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm and Endometriosis: Incidental Coincident Pathologies at Cesarean Section.

Journal Article Int J Gynecol Pathol · September 2020 Incidental pathologic findings at the time of Cesarean section are exceedingly uncommon. Similarly, occult low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and other noninflammatory, non-neoplastic appendiceal pathologies are rare, although appendiceal neoplasia, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnoses and Difficulties in Mesenteric Pathology.

Journal Article Surg Pathol Clin · September 2020 Mesenteric diseases are broadly separated into 2 groups: non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Common non-neoplastic mesenteric diseases include those involving the mesenteric vasculature and those of inflammatory processes. Mesenteric inflammatory processes can ... Full text Link to item Cite

SATB2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific marker of appendiceal and rectosigmoid well differentiated neuroendocrine tumours.

Journal Article Histopathology · March 2020 AIMS: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NNs) range from well to poorly differentiated and indolent to highly aggressive. The site of origin in metastatic NNs has therapeutic and prognostic implications. SATB2 is a transcriptional regulator involved in osteoblastic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal hepatic necrosis after nivolumab as a bridge to liver transplant for HCC: Are checkpoint inhibitors safe for the pretransplant patient?

Journal Article Am J Transplant · March 2020 Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) currently in phase 3 clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety of ICIs in recipients of organ allotransplant is unclear, and several reports of fatal alloimmune injury after posttransplant IC ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adenocarcinoma Ex-Goblet Cell: a Retrospective Experience.

Journal Article J Gastrointest Cancer · December 2019 PURPOSE: Adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoids (AGCCs) are rare appendiceal tumors with mixed neuroendocrine and glandular features. They tend to behave more aggressively than typical carcinoid tumors, affect younger patients, and have a greater predile ... Full text Link to item Cite

68Ga-DOTATATE: Significance of Uptake in the Tail of the Pancreas in Patients Without Lesions.

Journal Article Clin Nucl Med · November 2019 PURPOSE: To measure the SUVs in the tail of the pancreas compared with normal liver parenchyma and somatostatin receptor-positive lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ga-DOTATATE PET/low mAs CT of 35 patients were reviewed. RESULTS: There was no significant dif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correction: Upregulated claudin-1 expression promotes colitis-associated cancer by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation and activation in Notch/p-AKT-dependent manner.

Journal Article Oncogene · September 2019 In Fig. 1 legend, should read as follows: Cld-1 intensifies colitis, leads to impaired recovery from DSS induction and triggers dysplasia: a Schematic illustration of the experimental protocol. Age-matched and sex-matched WT (n = 8) and Cld-1 Tg (n = 8) mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A case report of clonal EBV-like memory CD4+ T cell activation in fatal checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis.

Journal Article Nat Med · August 2019 Checkpoint inhibitors produce durable responses in numerous metastatic cancers, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) complicate and limit their benefit. IrAEs can affect organ systems idiosyncratically; presentations range from mild and self-limited t ... Full text Link to item Cite

PD-L1 Expression Patterns in Microsatellite Instability-High Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Subtypes.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · August 1, 2019 OBJECTIVES: To investigate patterns of programmed death protein-1 (PD-L1) expression in microsatellite instability (MSI)-high intestinal carcinomas and correlate them with pathologic and molecular features. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen MSI-high and 41 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Pancreas

Chapter · July 30, 2019 Digestive System Tumours is the first volume in the fifth edition of the WHO series on the classification of human tumors. ... Cite

Upregulated claudin-1 expression promotes colitis-associated cancer by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation and activation in Notch/p-AKT-dependent manner.

Journal Article Oncogene · June 2019 In IBD patients, integration between a hyper-activated immune system and epithelial cell plasticity underlies colon cancer development. However, molecular regulation of such a circuity remains undefined. Claudin-1 (Cld-1), a tight-junction integral protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Peritoneal Metastasis on Survival of Patients With Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · April 2019 The liver and peritoneum are the 2 most common distant metastatic sites for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NET). In this study, we evaluated the differential impact of hepatic and/or peritoneal metastasis on prognosis of SI-NET patients. Surgic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Somatostatin receptor 2 signaling promotes growth and tumor survival in small-cell lung cancer.

Journal Article Int J Cancer · March 1, 2019 Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is overexpressed in a majority of neuroendocrine neoplasms, including small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). SSTR2 was previously considered an inhibitory receptor on cell growth, but its agonists had poor clinical responses in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Src kinase inhibition restores E-cadherin expression in dasatinib-sensitive pancreatic cancer cells.

Journal Article Oncotarget · February 1, 2019 The Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases are frequently activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to disease progression through downregulation of E-cadherin and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Should Ki67 immunohistochemistry be performed on all lesions in multifocal small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours?

Journal Article Histopathology · February 2019 AIMS: Well-differentiated small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are often multifocal, and this has been suggested to impart worse disease-free survival. Practice guidelines have not been established for World Health Organisation (WHO) grading o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential Cell Susceptibilities to KrasG12D in the Setting of Obstructive Chronic Pancreatitis.

Journal Article Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol · 2019 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Activating mutation of the KRAS gene is common in some cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, but rare in other cancers. Chronic pancreatitis is a predisposing condition for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but how it synergizes wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Well-Differentiated Small-Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors with Mesenteric Tumor Deposits.

Journal Article J Med Surg Pathol · 2019 OBJECTIVE: Well-differentiated small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) tend to be biologically indolent. Despite this tendency, they have a predilection for metastasis. Peritoneal involvement is quite common as is unfortunately peritoneal carcinom ... Link to item Cite

Pancreatic Cancer The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease

Chapter · 2019 Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with an estimated 38,000 American deaths in 2013. Worldwide it causes approximately 227,000 deaths each year and is the eighth most commo ... Cite

Inverse Correlation of STAT3 and MEK Signaling Mediates Resistance to RAS Pathway Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.

Journal Article Cancer Res · November 1, 2018 Major contributors to therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) include Kras mutations, a dense desmoplastic stroma that prevents drug delivery to the tumor, and activation of redundant signaling pathways. We have previously identif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer.

Journal Article Cancer Res · November 1, 2018 Although smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC development and progression in smokers are still unclear. Here, we show the role of cyclic AMP response element-binding prot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mesenteric tumour deposits arising from small-intestine neuroendocrine tumours are frequently associated with fibrosis and IgG4-expressing plasma cells.

Journal Article Histopathology · November 2018 AIMS: Mesenteric tumour deposits frequently occur in small-intestine neuroendocrine tumours. In many instances, these mesenteric tumour deposits are surrounded by a dense fibrotic stroma and have associated lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. The aim of this s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Number, not size, of mesenteric tumor deposits affects prognosis of small intestinal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.

Journal Article Mod Pathol · October 2018 Mesenteric tumor deposits are an adverse prognostic factor for small intestinal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Per the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual (eighth edition), any mesenteric tumor deposit larger than 2  ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatic micrometastases are associated with poor prognosis in patients with liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · September 2018 Pathologic examination of hepatic metastasectomies from patients with metastatic small intestinal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor frequently reveals micrometastases undetectable by radiologic or macroscopic gross examination. This finding raises the pos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ornithine Decarboxylase in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis and Promotes Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis by Impairing M1 Immune Responses.

Journal Article Cancer Res · August 1, 2018 Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis and restricts M1 macrophage activation in gastrointestinal (GI) infections. However, the role of macrophage ODC in colonic epithelial-driven inflammation is unknown. Here, ... Full text Link to item Cite

A precision oncology approach to the pharmacological targeting of mechanistic dependencies in neuroendocrine tumors.

Journal Article Nat Genet · July 2018 We introduce and validate a new precision oncology framework for the systematic prioritization of drugs targeting mechanistic tumor dependencies in individual patients. Compounds are prioritized on the basis of their ability to invert the concerted activit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deciphering Elevated Microsatellite Alterations at Selected Tetra/Pentanucleotide Repeats, Microsatellite Instability, and Loss of Heterozygosity in Colorectal Cancers.

Journal Article J Mol Diagn · May 2018 Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) are common in colorectal cancers (CRCs). The association between EMAST and classic mono/dinucleotide microsatellite instability (MSI) is unknown. We assessed the stability of 1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and the rectum

Chapter · March 30, 2018 In this edition, evidence-based TNM staging is supplemented, as appropriate, by selected molecular markers and newly acquired insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer. ... Cite

Frequent BRAF mutations suggest a novel oncogenic driver in colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Journal Article J Surg Oncol · February 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 has classified GI neuroendocrine neoplasms into neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). The genetic underpinnings of NEC are poorly understood. The aim of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fine-Needle Aspiration-Based Grading of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Using Ki-67: Is Accurate WHO Grading Possible on Cytologic Material?

Journal Article J Am Soc Cytopathol · 2018 INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided grading guidelines for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) based on mitotic count and Ki-67 proliferation index. Due to the desire to provide earlier tumor grading for clinical manage ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epithelial Smad4 Deletion Up-Regulates Inflammation and Promotes Inflammation-Associated Cancer.

Journal Article Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol · 2018 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronic inflammation is a predisposing condition for colorectal cancer. Many studies to date have focused on proinflammatory signaling pathways in the colon. Understanding the mechanisms that suppress inflammation, particularly in epithe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the digestive system: a potential target for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · December 2017 Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the digestive system has a dismal prognosis with limited treatment options. This study aimed to investigate expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in these tumors. Thirty-seven patients with a poorly differen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote directional cancer cell migration by aligning fibronectin.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · November 6, 2017 Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the carcinoma microenvironment that promote tumor progression. However, the mechanisms by which CAFs regulate cancer cell migration are poorly understood. In this study, we show that fibronectin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of Aggressive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Depends on Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Secretion in Carcinoma Cells.

Journal Article Cancer Immunol Res · September 2017 The survival rate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains low. More therapeutic options to treat this disease are needed, for the current standard of care is ineffective. Using an animal model of aggressive PDAC (Kras/p48TGFβRIIKO), we discover ... Full text Link to item Cite

Could the PD-1 Pathway Be a Potential Target for Treating Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma?

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · September 1, 2017 OBJECTIVES: The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway is upregulated in the immune microenvironment of many cancers. In this study, we examined the PD-1 pathway and the immune microenvironment of small intestinal adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Importance of Grading and Staging Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Journal Article International Journal of Endocrine Oncology · August 2017 Full text Cite

Abstract 588: Advanced molecular characterization of severe autoimmune toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapies

Conference Cancer Research · July 1, 2017 AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a profound impact on the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, as with any systemic treatment, toxicities are inevitable. With most classes of canc ... Full text Cite

Microsatellite Instability Is Common in Colorectal Cancer in Native Nigerians.

Journal Article Anticancer Res · May 2017 BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most common cancer in Africa, with significant differences in incidence, biology and clinical behavior from other populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied prevalence and clinicopathological features of ... Full text Link to item Cite

In liver metastases from small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, SSTR2A expression is heterogeneous.

Journal Article Virchows Arch · May 2017 We examined somatostatin receptor type 2A (SSTR2A) expression in primary and metastatic small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). We retrieved 156 liver metastases from 26 patients (10 males, 16 females) who had two or more liver lesions resected. ... Full text Link to item Cite

PD-1 inhibitor gastroenterocolitis: case series and appraisal of 'immunomodulatory gastroenterocolitis'.

Journal Article Histopathology · March 2017 AIMS: PD-1 inhibitors facilitate immune response against certain tumour types, including melanoma. These drugs have led to prolonged survival but can also result in autoimmune-type side effects, including gastrointestinal inflammation. The histopathologica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract A16: Smad4 pathways modulate induction of the chemokine Ccl20 and repress inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in mouse colon

Conference Cancer Research · February 1, 2017 AbstractInflammation regulates many aspects of gut homeostasis but is also a key component of colon cancer progression. While TGFβ signaling is known to regulate inflammatory responses within immune cells, w ... Full text Cite

Differences in Microsatellite Instability Profiles between Endometrioid and Colorectal Cancers: A Potential Cause for False-Negative Results?

Journal Article J Mol Diagn · January 2017 Colorectal (CRCs) and endometrioid (EMCs) cancers in patients with Lynch syndrome exhibit microsatellite instability (MSI) detected by PCR or immunohistochemistry (IHC). While both assays are equally sensitive for CRCs, some suggest that PCR has a higher f ... Full text Link to item Cite

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging of indeterminate pulmonary nodules and lung cancer.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2017 PURPOSE: 18F-FDG PET/CT is widely used to evaluate indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs). False positive results occur, especially from active granulomatous nodules. A PET-based imaging agent with superior specificity to 18F-FDG for IPNs, is badly needed, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Micropapillary colorectal carcinoma: clinical, pathological and molecular properties, including evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Journal Article Histopathology · January 2017 AIMS: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with micropapillary (MP) features has only been described recently and is still being characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the clinicopathological and molecular features of 42 CRC with MP features. Twenty-nine ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mesenteric Tumor Deposits in Midgut Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Are a Stronger Indicator Than Lymph Node Metastasis for Liver Metastasis and Poor Prognosis.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · January 2017 Mesenteric tumor deposits (MTDs) are not included in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for midgut small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We examined the prognostic significance of MTDs associated with midgut NETs. Hematox ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal Article Surg Pathol Clin · December 2016 Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms include well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with well-differentiated PanNETs accounting for most cases. Other pancreatic primaries and metastatic carcinomas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early onset pancreatic malignancies: Clinical characteristics and survival associations.

Journal Article Int J Cancer · November 15, 2016 Diagnosed before age 50, early onset pancreatic malignancy (EOPM), is hypothesized to be a distinct subset of disease, although research is limited. To better characterize EOPM, and the effect of age at diagnosis on pancreatic cancer survival, we examined ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular testing in colorectal cancer

Chapter · October 5, 2016 The book does not present molecular methods in isolation, but considers how other evidence (symptoms, radiology or other imaging, or other clinical tests) is used to guide the selection of molecular tests or how these other data are used in ... ... Cite

Immunohistochemical analysis of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Journal Article World J Gastrointest Oncol · August 15, 2016 AIM: To investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). METHODS: Tissue microarrays containing 88 PanNENs were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to β-catenin, E-cadherin, adenomatous polyposis ... Full text Link to item Cite

N-cadherin functions as a growth suppressor in a model of K-ras-induced PanIN.

Journal Article Oncogene · June 23, 2016 Cadherin subtype switching from E-cadherin to N-cadherin is associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process required for invasion and dissemination of carcinoma cells. We found that N-cadherin is expressed in human and mouse pancr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutation profiles of synchronous colorectal cancers from a patient with Lynch syndrome suggest distinct oncogenic pathways.

Journal Article J Gastrointest Oncol · June 2016 Patients with Lynch syndrome often present with multiple synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancers (CRCs). The presence of multiple CRCs with distinct genetic profiles and driver mutations could complicate treatment as each cancer may respond differen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal Article J Nucl Med · May 2016 UNLABELLED: Our purpose was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT compared with (111)In-pentetreotide imaging for diagnosis, staging, and restaging of pulmonary and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS: (68)Ga-DOTAT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frequent BRAF Mutations in Colonic High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Conference ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY · February 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Adenoma-like adenocarcinoma: a subtype of colorectal carcinoma with good prognosis, deceptive appearance on biopsy and frequent KRAS mutation.

Journal Article Histopathology · January 2016 AIMS: A subset of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) architecturally and cytologically resembles adenomatous change, making them difficult to diagnose on biopsy. This subset has not been well characterized to date. METHODS AND RESULTS: For 35 carcinomas with ade ... Full text Link to item Cite

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Mediated Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Results in Enhanced Tumor Drug Delivery in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer.

Journal Article Gastroenterology · December 2015 BACKGROUND & AIMS: A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the presence of a dense desmoplastic reaction (stroma) that impedes drug delivery to the tumor. Attempts to deplete the tumor stroma have resulted in formation of more aggressive t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deciphering EMAST and MSI in Colorectal Cancers

Conference JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS · November 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Expression of CD24, a Stem Cell Marker, in Pancreatic and Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · October 2015 OBJECTIVES: CD24 has been considered a normal and cancer stem cell marker. Potential intestinal stem cells weakly express CD24. In the pancreas, CD24 is a possible cancer stem cell marker for ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Expression of CD24 in intestinal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Chapter · September 22, 2015 This unique text will help readers differentiate diseases with overlapping histologic features, and render descriptive diagnoses to assist the clinician in providing the best possible patient care. ... Cite

Hepatic uterus-like mass misdiagnosed as hepatic abscess.

Journal Article Int J Surg Pathol · April 2015 BACKGROUND: Hepatic endometriosis/uterus-like mass is rare and may be overlooked during hepatic cyst workups. We report a case of uterus-like mass, misdiagnosed as hepatic abscess. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old woman developed abdominal pain and vomiting. Inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Loss of Lrig1 leads to expansion of Brunner glands followed by duodenal adenomas with gastric metaplasia.

Journal Article Am J Pathol · April 2015 Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a pan-ErbB negative regulator and intestinal stem cell marker down-regulated in many malignancies. We previously reported that 14 of 16 Lrig1-CreERT2/CreERT2 (Lrig1(-/-)) mice developed duod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Liver metastases of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors: Ki-67 heterogeneity and World Health Organization grade discordance with primary tumors.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 2015 OBJECTIVES: We examined Ki-67 heterogeneity within single and between synchronous liver metastases of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS: There were 27 patients (10 men and 17 women) with two or more liver metastases. The Ki-67 index was used t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cadherin 17 is frequently expressed by 'sclerosing variant' pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour.

Journal Article Histopathology · January 2015 AIMS: Recently, we described a series of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) featuring prominent stromal fibrosis, which we called sclerosing PanNETs. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological, immunophenotypic and clinical differences ... Full text Link to item Cite

PI3K regulation of RAC1 is required for KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice.

Journal Article Gastroenterology · December 2014 BACKGROUND & AIMS: New drug targets are urgently needed for the treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Nearly all PDAs contain oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene. Pharmacological inhibition of KRAS has been unsuccessful, leadi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive genomic profiling of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas identifies recurrent RAF fusions and frequent inactivation of DNA repair genes.

Journal Article Cancer Discov · December 2014 UNLABELLED: Pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (PACC) account for approximately 1% (∼500 cases) of pancreatic cancer diagnoses annually in the United States. Oncogenic therapuetic targets have proven elusive in this disease, and chemotherapy and radiotherap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract A23: Oncogenic Ras induces inflammatory cytokine production by upregulating squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SerpinB3)

Conference Molecular Cancer Research · December 1, 2014 AbstractMounting evidence indicates that oncogenic Ras can modulate cell autonomous inflammatory cytokine production, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that squamous cell carcin ... Full text Cite

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: pathologic and molecular characteristics.

Journal Article Semin Diagn Pathol · November 2014 Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms include mainly well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors but also rare poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis have recently been elucidate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of hemodynamic instability during surgery for pheochromocytoma.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · November 2014 BACKGROUND: Resection of pheochromocytoma is often associated with hemodynamic instability (HDI). We examined patient and tumor factors that may influence HDI. The effect of pretreatment with nonselective α blockade phenoxybenzamine (PXB) versus selective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cell lineage distribution atlas of the human stomach reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum.

Journal Article Gut · November 2014 OBJECTIVE: The glands of the stomach body and antral mucosa contain a complex compendium of cell lineages. In lower mammals, the distribution of oxyntic glands and antral glands define the anatomical regions within the stomach. We examined in detail the di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of pathologic features associated with "ulcerative colitis-like" Crohn's disease.

Journal Article World J Gastroenterol · September 28, 2014 AIM: To identify pathologic features associated with this "ulcerative colitis (UC)-like" subgroup of Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Seventeen subjects diagnosed as having UC who underwent proctocolectomy (RPC) from 2003-2007 and subsequently developed CD o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Manifestations of immunodeficiency in the gastrointestinal tract

Chapter · September 2, 2014 Preceded by Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas / [edited by] Robert D. Odze and John R. Goldblum. 2nd ed. c2009. ... Cite

Should mesenteric tumor deposits be included in staging of well-differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumors?

Journal Article Mod Pathol · September 2014 Well-differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumors can give rise to mesenteric tumor deposits, which are not included in the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and their impact on pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endomyometriosis ("Uterus-like mass") in an XY Male: Case Report With Molecular Confirmation and Literature Review.

Journal Article Int J Surg Pathol · August 2014 Male endometriosis and endomyometriosis (also termed "uterus-like mass") are 2 unusual manifestations of endometriosis. We report a case of male endomyometriosis with immunohistochemical and molecular confirmation. A 52-year-old man presented with stabbing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Loss of HNF6 expression correlates with human pancreatic cancer progression.

Journal Article Lab Invest · May 2014 Normal pancreatic epithelium progresses through various stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Transcriptional regulation of this progression is poorly understood. In mouse, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway is frequently altered in ampullary carcinoma at protein and genetic levels.

Journal Article Mod Pathol · May 2014 Our objective was to explore alteration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in ampullary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies were employed to evaluate expression of amphiregulin as well as expression and activation of EGFR. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oncogenic Ras induces inflammatory cytokine production by upregulating the squamous cell carcinoma antigens SerpinB3/B4.

Journal Article Nat Commun · April 23, 2014 Mounting evidence indicates that oncogenic Ras can modulate cell autonomous inflammatory cytokine production, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 and 2 (SCCA1/2), members of the Serpin fam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases.

Conference Am J Surg Pathol · April 2014 BACKGROUND: In the pancreas, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas include small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and are rare; data regarding their pathologic and clinical features are very limited. DESIGN: A total of 107 p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fibrogenesis in pancreatic cancer is a dynamic process regulated by macrophage-stellate cell interaction.

Journal Article Lab Invest · April 2014 Pancreatic cancer occurs in the setting of a profound fibrotic microenvironment that often dwarfs the actual tumor. Although pancreatic fibrosis has been well studied in chronic pancreatitis, its development in pancreatic cancer is much less well understoo ... Full text Link to item Cite

GNAS sequencing identifies IPMN-specific mutations in a subgroup of diminutive pancreatic cysts referred to as "incipient IPMNs".

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · March 2014 Incipient intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are poorly described subcentimeter pancreatic cysts with papillae and mucin similar to IPMNs. They are larger than pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia but do not meet the cutoff size for IPMNs (≥ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastrointestinal and hepatic involvement in immunodeficiencies and systemic disease of childhood

Chapter · March 1, 2014 Many of the primary disorders of immune deficiency (Table 5.1) are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) and, to a lesser extent, hepatic disease. Manifestations of immune deficiency in the GI tract and liver may be broadly divided into three categories: ( ... Full text Cite

Differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis by PAM4 immunohistochemistry.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · February 2014 CONTEXT: PAM4 is a monoclonal antibody that shows high specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its neoplastic precursor lesions. A PAM4-based serum immunoassay is able to detect 71% of early-stage patients and 91% with advanced disease. ... Full text Link to item Cite

A single institution's 26-year experience with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a validation of current staging systems and a new prognostic nomogram.

Journal Article Ann Surg · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: To validate the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and 2006 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) tumor staging systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) using the largest, single-institution series of surgically ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pancreatic Cancer and Its Precursor Lesions

Chapter · January 1, 2014 Pancreatic cancer is a maLignant epitheLial neoplasm of the pancreas. Depending on the direction of differentiation, pancreatic cancer is classified into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with ductal differentiation, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor w ... Full text Cite

Anatomy, Histology, and Function of the Pancreas

Chapter · January 1, 2014 The pancreas is transversely located in the upper retroperitoneal cavity and borders the stomach, duodenum, colon, spleen, and several vital vessels. It connects to the biLiary system and the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater. The pancreas has both exo ... Full text Cite

Endoscopic mucosal resection of Barrett's esophagus detects high prevalence of subsquamous intestinal metaplasia.

Journal Article World J Gastrointest Endosc · December 16, 2013 AIM: To report the prevalence of Subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM) in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for staging of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with BE associated neoplasia underwent EMR at our in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Grading of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is improved by the inclusion of both Ki67 proliferative index and mitotic rate.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · November 2013 The grading system for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) adopted in 2010 by the World Health Organization (WHO) mandates the use of both mitotic rate and Ki67/MIB-1 index in defining the proliferative rate and assigning the grade. In cases when th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and literature review

Journal Article Gastrointestinal Cancer Research · November 1, 2013 Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare type of primary liver cancer comprising histopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Because of its rarity and controversial diagnostic criteri ... Cite

Expert pathology review and endoscopic mucosal resection alters the diagnosis of patients referred to undergo therapy for Barrett's esophagus.

Journal Article Surg Endosc · August 2013 BACKGROUND: Endoscopic therapy has emerged as an alternative to surgical esophagectomy for the management of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated neoplasia. Accurate pretreatment staging is essential to ensure an appropriate choice of therapy and optimal lo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human epididymis protein 4 is up-regulated in gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · May 2013 Upper gastrointestinal neoplasia in the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas is associated with the formation of preneoplastic metaplasias. We have previously reported the up-regulation of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in all metaplasias in the stomach of h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with cystlike changes: evaluation with MDCT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2013 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and CT appearance of cystlike changes of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET), particularly of small (≤ 3 cm) tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records, images, and pathologic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Translocator protein (TSPO) as an imaging target in pancreatic cancer

Conference JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE · February 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of a novel immunohistochemical panel detecting duodenal mucosal invasion by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Journal Article Int J Clin Exp Pathol · 2013 BACKGROUND: We investigated a series of pancreaticoduodenectomy and duodenal biopsies with a panel of immunohistochemical markers to identify duodenal mucosal invasion by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including markers of poor prognosis and targ ... Link to item Cite

Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a clinicopathologic study.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · November 2012 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are typically solid neoplasms but in rare instances may present as cystic lesions. This unusual presentation can make clinical diagnosis challenging. In addition, the clinical and histopathologic characteristics o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unusual Cancers of the Pancreas

Chapter · September 20, 2012 Tumors of the pancreas collectively are the fourth leading cause of neoplastic death despite being only the 10th most common site of cancer in the United States. In 2011, it is expected that over 44,000 Americans will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer an ... Full text Cite

Serotonin expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors correlates with a trabecular histologic pattern and large duct involvement.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · August 2012 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with prominent stromal fibrosis are often clinically, radiographically, and grossly indistinguishable from ductal adenocarcinoma. We recently described a small series of fibrotic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors that expres ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular testing in colorectal cancer: diagnosis of Lynch syndrome and personalized cancer medicine.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · June 2012 Currently, molecular testing in colorectal cancer (CRC) is aimed at detecting Lynch syndrome and predicting response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies. However, CRC is a complex disease, with at least 3 molecular pathways of carcino ... Full text Link to item Cite

Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically similar and distinct from well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · February 2012 Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the pancreas are rare malignant neoplasms with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic and genetic features of poorly differentiated NECs and compare them with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Journal Article Hum Pathol · January 2012 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a grossly visible (≥1 cm), mucin-producing neoplasm that arises in the main pancreatic duct and/or its branches. Patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm can present with symptoms caused by obs ... Full text Link to item Cite

Small serotonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas associated with pancreatic duct obstruction.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2011 OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors expressing serotonin (carcinoid tumors) account for a small portion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The purpose of this study was to describe cases of small serotonin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumo ... Full text Link to item Cite

In response

Journal Article American Journal of Surgical Pathology · August 1, 2011 Full text Cite

Altered telomeres in tumors with ATRX and DAXX mutations.

Journal Article Science · July 22, 2011 The proteins encoded by ATRX and DAXX participate in chromatin remodeling at telomeres and other genomic sites. Because inactivating mutations of these genes are common in human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), we examined the telomere status of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyaline globules in neuroendocrine and solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas: a clue to the diagnosis.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · July 2011 Distinguishing between solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) may pose a diagnostic dilemma. Both can demonstrate solid growth patterns, and both can be immunoreactive with neuroendocrine markers such as synap ... Full text Link to item Cite

DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Journal Article Science · March 4, 2011 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are a rare but clinically important form of pancreatic neoplasia. To explore the genetic basis of PanNETs, we determined the exomic sequences of 10 nonfamilial PanNETs and then screened the most commonly mutated g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Telomeres are shortened in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia lesions associated with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia but not in isolated acinar-to-ductal metaplasias.

Journal Article Mod Pathol · February 2011 Telomeres protect against chromosomal breakage, fusion, and interchromosome bridges during cell division. Shortened telomeres have been observed in the lowest grade of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Genetically engineered mouse models of pan ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Personalized Medicine Approach to Lung Cancer and Melanoma

Conference LABORATORY INVESTIGATION · February 1, 2011 Link to item Cite

The complexity of pancreatic ductal cancers and multidimensional strategies for therapeutic targeting.

Journal Article J Pathol · January 2011 The directions of differentiation and the molecular features of ductal pancreatic cancer have by now been explored in reasonable detail. Already, diagnoses and therapeutic strategies benefit from observations distinguishing the major variant types of pancr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-Neoplastic and Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Bowel

Chapter · 2011 Reference key information quickly and easily thanks to at-a-glance boxes and tables throughout the text. Access the fully searchable text online at www.expertconsult.com, along with a downloadable image bank. ... Cite

Morphologic characterization of syndromic gastric polyps.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · November 2010 The morphology of gastric hamartomatous polyps from patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome (JuvPS) and Peutz-Jeghers' Syndrome (PJS) is poorly characterized. We investigated the histologic features of gastric polyps in patients with established JuvPS or ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastric lesions in patients with autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) in a tertiary care setting.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · November 2010 Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is an early manifestation of pernicious anemia that precedes the hematologic changes by years to decades. It is associated with metaplastic changes and neoplasms, including pyloric gland adenomas (PGAs). We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · November 2010 BACKGROUND: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an almost universally lethal disease, in large part, due to our inability to detect early-stage disease. Monoclonal antibody PAM4 is reactive with a unique biomarker expressed by >85% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pancreatic duct stenosis secondary to small endocrine neoplasms: a manifestation of serotonin production?

Journal Article Radiology · October 2010 PURPOSE: To determine if serotonin production by pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is associated with the pancreatic duct stenosis seen in patients with stenosis that is out of proportion to the size of the tumors seen on computed tomographic images. MATERIAL ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clear cell change in colonic tubular adenoma and corresponding colonic clear cell adenocarcinoma is associated with an altered mucin core protein profile.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · September 2010 Clear cell change is seen in <1% of colonic tubular adenomas (TAs) and remains incompletely characterized. Associated adenocarcinomas can also demonstrate a clear cell phenotype. Eleven TAs with at least focal clear cell change with or without associated i ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vivo and in vitro propagation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Journal Article Lab Invest · May 2010 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are one of the three known curable precursor lesions of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an almost uniformly fatal disease. Cell lines from IPMNs and their invasive counterparts should be valuable ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sclerosing mesenteritis involving the pancreas: a mimicker of pancreatic cancer.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · April 2010 Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM), also known as mesenteric lipodystrophy, rarely involves the parenchyma of the pancreas. When SM does involve the pancreas, it can mimic pancreatic carcinoma both clinically and radiographically with pain, obstructive jaundice, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased Prevalence of Precursor Lesions in Familial Pancreatic Cancer Patients.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · December 15, 2009 PURPOSE: Histologic findings in 51 pancreata resected from patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer were compared with the findings in 40 pancreata resected from patients with sporadic pancreatic cancer. None of the patients in the famili ... Full text Link to item Cite

Widespread activation of the DNA damage response in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Journal Article Mod Pathol · November 2009 Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions are the most common non-invasive precursors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We postulated that accumulating DNA damage within the PanIN epithelium activates checkpoint mechanisms. Tissue microarrays were c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ultrasensitive detection of KRAS2 mutations in bile and serum from patients with biliary tract carcinoma using LigAmp technology.

Journal Article J Mol Diagn · November 2009 Patients with biliary tract carcinoma have a poor prognosis. Early detection efforts are urgently needed to ameliorate the dismal prognosis for these patients. Mutations of the KRAS2 gene are one of the most common genetic aberrations in this cancer. In th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Benign nodal nevi frequently harbor the activating V600E BRAF mutation.

Journal Article Am J Surg Pathol · April 2009 Mutational activation of the BRAF oncogene is the most common genetic alteration in cutaneous melanoma. Potentially, BRAF mutation analysis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies could enhance the detection of micrometastases and improve the accuracy of nod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Familial pancreatic cancer.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · March 2009 CONTEXT: Approximately 5% to 10% of individuals with pancreatic cancer report a history of pancreatic cancer in a close family member. In addition, several known genetic syndromes, such as familial breast cancer (BRCA2), the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and the ... Full text Link to item Cite

KRAS2 mutations in human pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplastic lesions are limited to those with PanIN: implications for the human pancreatic cancer cell of origin.

Journal Article Mol Cancer Res · February 2009 Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is a precursor to invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Observations made in genetically engineered mouse models suggest that the acinar/centroacinar compartment can give rise to ductal neoplasia. To i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Synchronous primary perianal Paget's disease and rectal adenocarcinoma: report of a hitherto undescribed phenomenon.

Journal Article Int J Surg Pathol · February 2009 Perianal Paget's disease is rare. It usually represents intraepidermal extension of an invasive carcinoma from an adjacent internal organ, but some cases represent primary intraepithelial cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinomas. Here, we report a unique case, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

BENIGN NODAL NEVI FREQUENTLY HARBOR THE ACTIVATING V600E BRAF MUTATION

Conference JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY · January 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

Molecular characterization of pancreatic neoplasms.

Journal Article Adv Anat Pathol · July 2008 Molecular analyses of neoplasms of the pancreas, coupled with careful histopathologic examination has helped refine the classification of pancreatic neoplasia. A number of molecularly and histologically distinct subtypes of pancreatic neoplasms have been i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitive and quantitative detection of KRAS2 gene mutations in pancreatic duct juice differentiates patients with pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis, potential for early detection.

Journal Article Cancer Biol Ther · March 2008 KRAS2 gene mutations are found in 75-90% of infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas but can also be present with other nonneoplastic pancreatic diseases. We recently developed a novel sensitive assay for point mutation detection, called "LigAmp", wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anti-gene padlocks eliminate Escherichia coli based on their genotype.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · February 2008 OBJECTIVES: Several therapeutic strategies that target nucleic acids exist; however, most approaches target messenger RNA, rather than genomic DNA. We describe a novel oligonucleotide-based strategy, called anti-gene padlocks (AGPs), which eliminate Escher ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating pancreatic lesions by microarray and QPCR analysis of pancreatic juice RNAs.

Journal Article Cancer Biol Ther · October 2006 BACKGROUND: The gene expression profile of pancreatic cancer is significantly different from that of normal pancreas. Differences in gene expression are detectable using microarrays, but microarrays have traditionally been applied to pancreatic cancer tiss ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity of the ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system for detection of the K103N resistance mutation in HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D.

Journal Article J Mol Diagn · September 2006 The US Food and Drug Administration-cleared ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System (ViroSeq) and other population sequencing-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping methods detect antiretroviral drug resistance mutations present in the major ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ca(v)3.1 splice variant expression during neuronal differentiation of Y-79 retinoblastoma cells.

Journal Article Neuroscience · August 11, 2006 A decrease in transient-type calcium channel current, Ca(v)3.1 protein and the mRNA encoding these channels has been reported during differentiation of human retinoblastoma cells. In this study, we examined splice variants of Ca(v)3.1 before and after neur ... Full text Link to item Cite

An in vivo platform for translational drug development in pancreatic cancer.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · August 1, 2006 Effective development of targeted anticancer agents includes the definition of the optimal biological dose and biomarkers of drug activity. Currently available preclinical models are not optimal to this end. We aimed at generating a model for translational ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cells with pathogenic biallelic mutations in the human MUTYH gene are defective in DNA damage binding and repair.

Journal Article Carcinogenesis · November 2005 Inherited biallelic mutations in the human MUTYH gene are responsible for the recessive syndrome--adenomatous colorectal polyposis (MUTYH associated polyposis, MAP)--which significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Defective MUTYH activit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitive drug-resistance assays reveal long-term persistence of HIV-1 variants with the K103N nevirapine (NVP) resistance mutation in some women and infants after the administration of single-dose NVP: HIVNET 012.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: The HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) 012 trial showed that NVP resistance (NVPR) emerged in some women and children after the administration of single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). We tested whether K103N-containing human immunodeficiency ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyposmotic activation of ICl,swell in rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells involves increased ClC-3 trafficking to the plasma membrane.

Journal Article Biochem Cell Biol · December 2004 In mammalian nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells, hyposmotic stimulation leading to cell swelling activates an outwardly rectifying Cl(-) conductance (I(Cl,swell)), which, in turn, results in regulatory volume decrease. The aim of this study was to ... Full text Link to item Cite

LigAmp: Sensitive detection of single nucleotide differences

Conference JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS · November 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

LigAmp for sensitive detection of single-nucleotide differences.

Journal Article Nat Methods · November 2004 We developed the LigAmp assay for sensitive detection and accurate quantification of viruses and cells with single-base mutations. In LigAmp, two oligonucleotides are hybridized adjacently to a DNA template. One oligonucleotide matches the target sequence ... Full text Link to item Cite

A3 adenosine and CB1 receptors activate a PKC-sensitive Cl- current in human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells via a G beta gamma-coupled MAPK signaling pathway.

Journal Article Br J Pharmacol · June 2003 (1) We examined A3 adenosine and CB1 cannabinoid receptor-coupled signaling pathways regulating Cl(-) current in a human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cell line. (2) Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that the A3 receptor agonist, IB-M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of alpha1G T-type calcium channel gene (CACNA1G) expression during neuronal differentiation.

Journal Article Eur J Neurosci · May 2003 Down-regulation of T-type Ca channel current and mRNA occurs following differentiation of Y79 retinoblastoma cells. To understand how the decrease in expression is linked to cell differentiation, we examined transcriptional regulation of the Cav3.1 Ca chan ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ca(2+) channel antagonists mibefradil and pimozide inhibit cell growth via different cytotoxic mechanisms.

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · August 2002 We show that mitogenic cells expressing T-type Ca(2+) channels (T-channels) are more sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of the drugs pimozide and mibefradil than cells without significant T-channel expression. The growth of Y79 and WERI-Rb1 retinob ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in mammalian retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · July 2002 PURPOSE: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid growth factor that stimulates proliferation, chemotaxis, cation currents, and K(+) currents in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. LPA receptor transduction was analyzed in human and rat RPE cells. ... Link to item Cite

Protein tyrosine kinase and protein phosphatase signaling pathways regulate volume-sensitive chloride currents in a nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cell line.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · May 2002 PURPOSE: To investigate whether signaling pathways that incorporate protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases regulate PKC-sensitive, volume-sensitive Cl(-) currents (I(Cl,vol)) in cultured rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. METHODS: Activation ... Link to item Cite

Hyposmotically activated chloride channels in cultured rabbit non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Journal Article J Physiol · November 15, 1999 1. We used whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques and noise analysis of whole-cell current to investigate the properties of hyposmotic shock (HOS)-activated Cl- channels in SV40-transformed rabbit non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cells. 2. Unde ... Full text Link to item Cite