Scholars@Duke
Amber Reck Atwater

Amber Reck Atwater

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Dermatology
Dermatology
amber.atwater@duke.edu
DUMC Box 3643, Durham, NC 27710
5324 McFarland Drive, Suite 210, Durham, NC 27707

Selected Publications

Photopatch testing: Clinical characteristics, test results, and final diagnoses from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2009-2020.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · December 2024 BACKGROUND: Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to allergens only in the presence of ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Photopatch testing (PhotoPT) is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of PACD. There are few pub ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of atopic dermatitis lesion locations and extent on patient burden: A real-world study

Journal Article JEADV Clinical Practice · September 1, 2024 Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with patient burden, but few studies describe the anatomic distribution of the disease or the impact of number of lesion locations. Objectives: To describe lesion locations and assess the relationship betwee ... Full text Cite

Patch Testing to Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience (2009-2020).

Journal Article Dermatitis · August 22, 2024 Background: Mentha piperita (MP; peppermint) oil has many commercial uses. Objective: To characterize the epidemiology of contact allergy to MP oil 2% petrolatum. Methods: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data (2009-2020). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lebrikizumab Provides Rapid Clinical Responses Across All Eczema Area and Severity Index Body Regions and Clinical Signs in Adolescents and Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Journal Article Dermatology and Therapy · May 1, 2024 Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects multiple areas of the body, some of which may be more refractory to treatment. We evaluated improvements in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) by body region and clinical signs for each body region in leb ... Full text Cite

More than just methylisothiazolinone: Retrospective analysis of patients with isothiazolinone allergy in North America, 2017-2020.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Isothiazolinones are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to isothiazolinones from 2017-2020 and characterize isothiazolinone-allergic (Is+) patients compared with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Test Results Among Older Adults: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis® Group Data (2009-2020).

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2024 Background: Allergic contact Dermatitis® (ACD) in older adults (OA) represents a significant health burden, but few studies examine the prevalence and characteristics of contact allergy and ACD in this population. Objective: To compare positive and clinica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing With Nickel, Cobalt, and Chromium in Patients With Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2024 Background: Allergic contact dermatitis is frequently caused by metals, including multiple metals simultaneously. Objectives: To assess characteristics and associations of positive and clinically relevant patch test (PT) reactions with solitary and concurr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Supplemental Patch Testing Identifies Allergens Missed by Standard Screening Series.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2024 Background: Supplemental patch testing is an adjunct to standard patch test screening series. Objective: To determine the demographics, characteristics, frequency, relevance, and interpretation of patch test reactions for supplemental patch testing. Method ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allergic or Not: Final Interpretation of Doubtful Patch Test Reactions From the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2019-2020.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2024 Background: Doubtful patch test reactions generally do not meet criterion for positivity in patch testing. However, the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) allows for doubtful reactions to be coded with a final determination of "allergic/positi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Construction Workers: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2020.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2024 Background: Construction workers (CWs) are at risk for occupational contact dermatitis (CD) owing to workplace exposures. Objective: Determine the prevalence of occupational allergic CD and characterize common occupational allergens in CWs referred for pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Burden of adult atopic dermatitis and unmet needs with existing therapies.

Journal Article J Dermatolog Treat · December 2023 OBJECTIVE: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have low treatment satisfaction. In this study, we evaluated the humanistic burden, treatment satisfaction, and treatment expectations in patients with AD in the United States. METHODS: Adults with AD recruit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disease burden among patients with atopic dermatitis treated with systemic therapy for 4-12 months: results from the CorEvitas Atopic Dermatitis Registry.

Journal Article J Dermatolog Treat · December 2023 BACKGROUND: Real-world data on the effectiveness of systemic therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. METHODS: Adult patients with AD in the CorEvitas AD registry (2020-2021) who received systemic therapies for 4-12 months prior to enrollment were in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conjunctivitis Does Not Increase With Longer Duration of Lebrikizumab Exposure in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Journal Article SKIN: Journal of Cutaneous Medicine · November 1, 2023 BACKGROUND AD is a chronic skin disease that can be a serious burden, affecting sleep, daily activities, and social relationships1 Lebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity and slow off-rate to IL-13, thereby blocking the downstre ... Full text Cite

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics Among Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in the United States and Canada: Real-World Data from the CorEvitas Atopic Dermatitis Registry

Journal Article Dermatology and Therapy · September 1, 2023 Introduction: This real-world, cross-sectional study compared sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among racial/ethnic groups in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who are candidates for systemic ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing, North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2018.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · April 2023 BACKGROUND: An updated understanding of allergic contact cheilitis is needed. OBJECTIVES: To characterize clinical characteristics and allergen relevance in patients with cheilitis referred for patch testing. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 43 772 patie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in the Prevalence of Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Contact Allergy in North America and Europe.

Journal Article JAMA Dermatol · March 1, 2023 IMPORTANCE: The common use of isothiazolinones as preservatives is a global cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Differences in allowable concentrations of methylisothiazolinone (MI) exist in Europe, Canada, and the US. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalenc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing With Benzophenone-3 and -4: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2013-2020.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2023 Background: Benzophenone (BZP)-3 and BZP-4 are ultraviolet (UV) absorbers used in sunscreens and personal care products (PCPs) and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Objective: To characterize positive patch test reactions to BZP-3 (10% in petrolatum [ ... Full text Link to item Cite

North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2019-2020.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2023 Background: Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for assessment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Objective: This study documents the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch testing results from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing With Cobalt in Adults: A North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2001-2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2023 Background: Cobalt is a recognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, detailed information on patient characteristics, sites, and sources is lacking. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess trends in patch test reactions to cobalt an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing to Chlorhexidine Digluconate, 1% Aqueous: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2015-2020.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2023 Background: Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of chlorhexidine allergy and characterize positive patch test reactions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing to Paraphenylenediamine: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience (1994-2018).

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2023 Background/Objectives: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic amine dye that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study examines the epidemiology of allergic patch test reactions to PPD. Methods: This retrospective analysis characterizes individu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing with ammonium persulfate: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2015-2018.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Ammonium persulfate (APS), an oxidizing agent used in hair products, manufacturing, and pool/spa water, can cause skin reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: To characterize positive patch test reactions to APS (2.5% petro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis referred for patch testing, North American contact dermatitis group data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article Arch Dermatol Res · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Few studies explored the relationship between stasis dermatitis (SD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE: To examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients referred for patch testing who had a final SD diag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medical adhesive allergens: Retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2001-2018.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Identification of allergens causing medical adhesive contact allergy is difficult. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the demographics, clinical characteristics, patch test results, and occupational data for North American Contact Dermatitis Group pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing with glucosides: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience, 2009-2018.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Alkyl glucosides are nonionic surfactants that are increasingly used in personal care products. OBJECTIVE: To characterize positive patch test reactions to decyl glucoside (5% petrolatum, tested 2009-2018) and lauryl glucoside (3% petrolatum, t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing with cobalt in children and adolescents: North American contact dermatitis group experience, 2001-2018.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cobalt is more common in children and adolescents than adults. However, detailed information on sites and sources of cobalt ACD is limited. OBJECTIVES: To assess trends in positive and clinically relevant pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hand and foot dermatitis in patients referred for patch testing: Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2018.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Dermatitis localized to hands (HD), feet (FD), or both hands and feet (HFD) has multiple etiologies, including atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Unfortunately, little is known about clinical differ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lanolin Allergic Reactions: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2001 to 2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · May 2022 BACKGROUND: Lanolin is an important cause of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of lanolin allergy and to assess trends in patch test reactions to lanolin over time. METHODS: This study used a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Occupational contact dermatitis: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001 to 2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2022 BACKGROUND: Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in occupational settings. OBJECTIVE: Provide an overview of occupational skin disease (OSD) and an analysis of occupational ACD in North American pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related differences in patch testing results among children: Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2018.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2022 BACKGROUND: An updated understanding of allergic contact dermatitis is needed, particularly in children. OBJECTIVES: To compare positive and clinically relevant reactions in children versus adults referred for patch testing. METHODS: Retrospective analysis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Test Reactions Associated With Topical Medications: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data (2001-2018).

Journal Article Dermatitis · March 2022 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Topical medications may lead to allergic contact dermatitis. This study characterized positive patch test reactions associated with medications in patients evaluated by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG). METHODS: Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medical Device Contact Allergy: Glucose Monitors and Insulin Pumps

Journal Article Current Dermatology Reports · March 1, 2022 Purpose of Review: To describe contact allergy to diabetes devices and recommend steps for evaluation and management of these complex cutaneous complications. Recent Findings: Allergens reported in glucose monitors include isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), coloph ... Full text Cite

Patch Testing to Carvone: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2009 to 2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2022 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Carvone, a flavoring agent, may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study summarizes patch test reactions to carvone in patients tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2009 to 2018. METHODS: This was a retrospecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Dermatitis Associated With Hair Care Products: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Hair care products (HCPs) may cause both allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of HCP-associated ICD/ACD and to characterize relevant allergen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing to Ethylhexylglycerin: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2013-2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Ethylhexylglycerin (EHG) is a recently recognized contact allergen. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to characterize individuals with positive patch test reactions to EHG and to analyze reaction strength, clinical relevance, and allergen s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shoe Allergens: A Retrospective Analysis of Cross-sectional Data From the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2005-2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Shoe contact allergy can be difficult to diagnose and manage. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to characterize demographics, clinical characteristics, patch test results, and occupational data for the North American Contact Dermatitis Group ... Full text Link to item Cite

Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Dental Personnel: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001 to 2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Dental personnel are at risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to determine prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel referred for patch testing and to characterize rel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Allergy to Topical Medicaments, Part 2: Steroids, Immunomodulators, and Anesthetics, Oh My!

Journal Article Cutis · January 2022 Topical drugs are used to treat a variety of cutaneous and noncutaneous conditions. Direct application to the skin can result in adverse cutaneous effects, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In part 2 of this series on topical medicament ACD, we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact dermatitis to personal care products is increasing (but different!) in males and females: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1996-2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · December 2021 BACKGROUND: Personal care products (PCPs) are commonly responsible for allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. PCP use was historically associated with females, but male-targeted PCPs are increasingly being marketed. OBJECTIVE: To char ... Full text Link to item Cite

Importance of Supplemental Patch Testing Beyond a Screening Series for Patients With Dermatitis: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience.

Journal Article JAMA Dermatol · December 1, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Patch test screening series for patients with dermatitis are limited and may miss clinically relevant contact allergens. OBJECTIVE: To characterize individuals with dermatitis who showed clinically relevant patch test findings to supplemental ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Allergy in Canada Versus United States: Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data 2005-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · November 2021 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the differences in contact allergy between the United States (US) and Canada. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group data from 2005 to 2016. F ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Allergy to Topical Medicaments, Part 1: A Double-edged Sword.

Journal Article Cutis · November 2021 Topical drugs are used to treat a variety of cutaneous and noncutaneous conditions. Direct application to the skin can result in adverse cutaneous effects, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In this article, we review medicament ACD with a focus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients referred for patch testing with a final diagnosis of psoriasis: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · October 2021 BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations with ACD, related clinical characteristics, and common positive and clinically relevant allergens of patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing with sodium disulfite: North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience, 2017 to 2018.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · September 2021 BACKGROUND: Sodium disulfite (SD), also known as sodium metabisulfite, is an increasingly recognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to characterize individuals with positive patch test reactions to SD as we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing With Tocopherol and Tocopherol Acetate: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2001 to 2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · September 2021 BACKGROUND: Vitamin E (tocopherol) a naturally occurring mixture of antioxidants commonly used in topical skin care products, may cause allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize positive patch test reactions to tocop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plant Dermatitis: More Than Just Poison Ivy.

Journal Article Cutis · September 2021 Plants can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), mechanical irritant contact dermatitis, chemical irritant contact dermatitis, light-mediated dermatitis, and pseudophytodermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis to chemicals in the Toxicodendron genus, whi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing of Mercaptobenzothiazole and Mercapto Mix: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 1994-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · July 2021 OBJECTIVES: Mercapto compounds are a category of rubber accelerators that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study characterizes patch test reactions to mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and mercapto mix (MM) in a large North American population. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hand eczema in children referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2000-2016.

Journal Article Br J Dermatol · July 2021 BACKGROUND: Little is known about the aetiologies and relevant allergens in paediatric patients with hand eczema (HE). OBJECTIVES: To characterize the aetiologies and determine the proportion of positive and currently relevant allergens in children/adolesc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing to Methyldibromoglutaronitrile/Phenoxyethanol: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 1994-2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · July 2021 BACKGROUND: Methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol (MDBGN/PE) is a broad-spectrum preservative mixture used in consumer and industrial products. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were (1) to characterize the prevalence and clinical relevance of patch t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with nummular (discoid) eczema referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · July 2021 BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between nummular (discoid) eczema (NE) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE: To examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients with NE who were referred for patch t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and Trend of Allergen Sensitization in Adults and Children with Atopic Dermatitis Referred for Patch Testing, North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract · July 2021 BACKGROUND: The association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence, reaction strength, and trends of the most commonly positive and relevant allergens in patients with AD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Update on Contact Dermatitis and Patch Testing in Patients With Skin of Color.

Journal Article Cutis · July 2021 Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common dermatologic condition that presents with unique features in patients with skin of color (SOC). Additionally, the types of allergens that most frequently cause ACD vary in Black and White patients and are attri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Positive Patch Test Reactions to Carba Mix and Thiuram Mix: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience (1994-2016).

Journal Article Dermatitis · May 2021 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: This study characterizes concomitant reactions to carba mix (CM) and thiuram mix (TM) in a large North American population. Because thiurams and dithiocarbamates have structural similarity, concomitant reactions are expected. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acetophenone Azine: The 2021 American Contact Dermatitis Society Allergen of the Year.

Journal Article Cutis · May 2021 The American Contact Dermatitis Society chose acetophenone azine (AA) as the 2021 Allergen of the Year. Acetophenone azine is an emerging contact allergen that often is associated with the use of sports equipment and footwear. The pattern of dermatitis ini ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eyelid dermatitis in patients referred for patch testing: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1994-2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2021 BACKGROUND: Eyelid dermatitis is a common dermatologic complaint. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with eyelid dermatitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis (1994-2016) of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data. RESULTS: Of 50,795 patients, 2332 (4. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Scalp involvement in patients referred for patch testing: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1996 to 2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2021 BACKGROUND: Scalp conditions are often multifactorial. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with scalp involvement and patch-testing outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data (1996-2016). Study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hand dermatitis in adults referred for patch testing: Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2000 to 2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2021 BACKGROUND: Hand eczema (HE) is a heterogeneous and burdensome disorder. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical characteristics, etiologies and allergen relevance in adults with HE referred for patch testing. METHODS: Retrospective analysis (2000-2016) of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact dermatitis associated with preservatives: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1994 through 2016.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · April 2021 BACKGROUND: Preservatives are often necessary components of commercial products. Large-scale North American studies on preservative allergy are limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate demographics, positive patch test reactions (PPTRs), clinical relevance, and tre ... Full text Link to item Cite

A virtual faculty exchange program enhances dermatology resident education in the COVID-19 era: a survey study.

Journal Article Dermatol Online J · March 15, 2021 One of the many consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic was the cancelation of the 2020 American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting. This conference historically features lectures from world-renowned experts in all areas of dermatology, thus providing an ... Link to item Cite

Facial Personal Protective Equipment: Materials, Resterilization Methods, and Management of Occupation-Related Dermatoses.

Journal Article Dermatitis · March 2021 BACKGROUND: The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in health care workers donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for extended periods. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to review facial PPE (surgical masks and N95 respirato ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allergen Content of Best-Selling Ethnic Versus Nonethnic Shampoos, Conditioners, and Styling Products.

Journal Article Dermatitis · March 2021 BACKGROUND: Hair products are a potential cause of allergic contact dermatitis. There are limited data on the allergen content of ethnic hair products. OBJECTIVE: To identify allergens unique to ethnic hair products (shampoos, conditioners, styling product ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing With Carmine 2.5% in Petrolatum by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2011-2012.

Journal Article Dermatitis · March 2021 BACKGROUND: Carmine is a natural red dye that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze patch test reactions to carmine (2.5% in petrolatum) and characterize carmine-positive patients. METHODS: This study conduc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Dermatitis of the Hands: Is It Irritant or Allergic?

Journal Article Cutis · March 2021 Hand contact dermatitis is common, and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is more likely than allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in both occupational and nonoccupational settings. Irritant contact dermatitis can have acute and chronic presentations, and hand ... Full text Link to item Cite

North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2017-2018.

Journal Article Dermatitis · March 2021 BACKGROUND: Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for assessment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE: This study documented the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch testing results from March 1, 2017, to December 31, 20 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Occupational dermatitis to facial personal protective equipment in health care workers: A systematic review.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · February 2021 BACKGROUND: Prolonged wear of facial protective equipment can lead to occupational dermatoses. OBJECTIVE: To identify important causes of occupational dermatoses from facial protective equipment. METHODS: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting I ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fragrance- and Botanical-Related Allergy and Associated Concomitant Reactions: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data 2007-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · January 2021 IMPORTANCE: When fragrance- and botanical-related (F/BR) allergy is identified, concomitant reaction (CR) frequencies can help direct avoidance recommendations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the CR rates for F/BR allergens. DESIGN: A retrospecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact allergy to nickel: still #1 after all these years.

Journal Article Cutis · January 2021 Nickel is ubiquitous in our daily environment and remains the most common cause of contact allergy worldwide. Regulation of nickel release exists in Europe but unfortunately continues to be absent in the United States. Nickel contact allergy most often is ... Full text Link to item Cite

IL-27 Derived From Macrophages Facilitates IL-15 Production and T Cell Maintenance Following Allergic Hypersensitivity Responses.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2021 Crosstalk between T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages in temporal leukocyte clusters within barrier tissues provides a new concept for T cell activation in the skin. Activated T cells from these leukocyte clusters play critical roles in the efferent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hand hygiene during COVID-19: Recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · December 2020 The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased hand hygiene and hand cleansing awareness. To prevent virus transmission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends frequent hand washing with soap and water. Hand hygiene products are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing 101, part 2: after the patch test.

Journal Article Cutis · December 2020 After the patch test, the physician must interpret positive reactions in the clinical context of the patient's dermatitis. Relevance can be graded as current, past, or unknown. Counseling the patient on allergen avoidance is the most important step, and re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch testing 101, part 1: performing the test.

Journal Article Cutis · October 2020 Understanding the basics of patch testing is essential to caring for patients with contact dermatitis. Several screening or standard series are available, and additional allergens or series may be necessary based on the patient's history. A delayed reading ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tattoo hypersensitivity reactions: inky business.

Journal Article Cutis · August 2020 Hypersensitivity reactions can occur in both temporary and permanent tattoos. Traditional temporary tattoos consist of red henna or black henna; paraphenylenediamine is the most common allergen and usually is present in black henna. Contact allergy to geni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Orthopedic Implant Hypersensitivity Reactions: Concepts and Controversies.

Journal Article Dermatol Clin · July 2020 Orthopedic implant hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) are known to occur but are uncommon. Clinical presentations include local and generalized cutaneous reactions and noncutaneous complications. Pathogenesis traditionally was believed a type IV delayed hyp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isobornyl acrylate and diabetic devices steal the Show for the 2020 American Contact Dermatitis Society Allergen of the Year.

Journal Article Cutis · June 2020 Diabetic devices including glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps are used worldwide and are increasingly recognized as a source of irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Isobornyl acrylate is a chemical used in the glue o ... Link to item Cite

Essential oils debunked: separating fact from myth.

Journal Article Cutis · April 2020 Essential oils (EOs) are present in products we use at home, at work, and in our environment. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend to use EOs rather than products containing chemicals perceived as harmful by consumers. In this review, we sep ... Link to item Cite

Hypersensitivity reactions to orthopedic implants: what's all the hype?

Journal Article Cutis · February 2020 Hypersensitivity reactions to orthopedic implanted materials exist but are rare. Potential allergens include metals and bone cement components. Clinical presentation can include localized or generalized cutaneous reactions and noncutaneous reactions. Preim ... Link to item Cite

Shifting Paradigms in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: The Role of Innate Immunity.

Journal Article J Invest Dermatol · January 2020 The role of the innate immune system in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has traditionally been confined to the initial antigen sensitization phase. However, more recent findings have shown the role of innate immunity in additional aspects of ACD, includi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Test Practice Patterns of Members of the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Patch testing is the criterion standard for diagnosis and management of allergic contact dermatitis. Limitations on the number of allergens tested can negatively impact patient care. OBJECTIVE: This study reports clinical practice patterns of A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of Patch Test Findings in Patients With Anogenital Dermatitis.

Journal Article JAMA Dermatol · January 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Contact dermatitis in the anogenital area is associated with sleep disturbance and dyspareunia and can profoundly affect quality of life. The literature on anogenital contact dermatitis and culprit allergens is limited. The last large-scale stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Facial Dermatitis in Male Patients Referred for Patch Testing: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 1994 to 2016.

Journal Article JAMA Dermatol · January 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Facial dermatitis in women is well characterized. However, recent shifts in the men's grooming industry may have important implications for male facial dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: To characterize male patients with facial dermatitis. DESIGN, SETTING ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of knowledge acquisition and perceived efficacy of a traditional vs flipped classroom-based dermatology residency curriculum.

Journal Article Cutis · January 2020 Flipped and traditional classroom models were compared in the Duke University Medical Center (Durham, North Carolina) dermatology residency program for the 2014-2015 academic year. The residents participated in 12 lectures-6 traditional and 6 flipped-that ... Link to item Cite

Duration of Dermatitis Before Patch Test Appointment Is Associated With Distance to Clinic and County Poverty Rate.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis is a common disease that is associated with impaired quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of travel distance and other socioeconomic factors on duration of dermatitis before presentation at the Duke Contact Derm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Dermatitis Associated With Nail Care Products: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Ingredients in nail care products may lead to allergic and/or irritant contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine frequency of contact dermatitis associated with nail care products, characterize associated body site ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cutaneous Reactions to Aluminum.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2020 : Cutaneous exposure to aluminum may occur via contact with metal items, medications, and personal care products. Despite the widespread use of aluminum, allergic contact dermatitis is relatively rare. Sensitization is often incidentally identified during ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing to Diphenylguanidine by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (2013-2016).

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2020 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Carba mix (CM, 3% petrolatum) contains 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG, 1%), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (1%), and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (1%). Because DPG is a component of CM, DPG is often not tested separately. The purpose of this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Skin Viral Infections: Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and Viral Immune Evasion.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2020 The skin is an active immune organ that functions as the first and largest site of defense to the outside environment. Serving as the primary interface between host and pathogen, the skin's early immune responses to viral invaders often determine the cours ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systemic contact dermatitis: sometimes it is the food.

Journal Article Cutis · December 2019 Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) represents a unique pattern of allergic contact dermatitis that may cause a symmetric eruption involving intertriginous skin, genitals, eyelids, and/or hands. Common culprits known to elicit SCD for some patients include p ... Link to item Cite

Safety equipment: When protection becomes a problem.

Journal Article Contact Dermatitis · August 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Methylisothiazolinone and isothiazolinone allergy.

Journal Article Cutis · August 2019 Methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a preservative commonly used in water-based personal care products. Increases in the allowable concentration of MI alone in these products has led to an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Although personal care pro ... Link to item Cite

Frequency of Contact Allergy to Implanted Cardiac Devices.

Journal Article JAMA Dermatol · June 1, 2019 This retrospective study evaluated 11 patients who underwent cardiac implant patch testing to assess the frequency of allergic reaction. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in nail services may cause dermatitis: not your mother's nail polish.

Journal Article Cutis · June 2019 The advent of acrylate-based nail treatments-known as gels, dips, or shellac-has resulted in an uptick in nail-related acrylate allergy. Acrylate dermatitis related to nail services can affect both clients and technicians and can present on the hands, fing ... Link to item Cite

Occupationally Related Nickel Reactions: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data 1998-2016.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2019 BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of nickel allergy in occupational settings is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to characterize occupationally related nickel allergy (ORNA). METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 4 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allergens in Medical Hand Skin Cleansers.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2019 Health care workers may be at risk of occupational allergic contact dermatitis because of their frequent exposure to medical hand skin cleansers. We identified American Contact Dermatitis Society Core 80 Allergens found in medical hand skin cleansers (wate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Another Candle on the Cake: The American Contact Dermatitis Society Reaches Its 30th Year.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2019 The year 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS). The work of inaugural ACDS members and the 3 decades of camaraderie, collaboration, education, and investigation of contact dermatitis that followed the inception o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parabens: Contact (Non)Allergen of the Year.

Journal Article Dermatitis · December 18, 2018 Parabens have been widely used as preservatives in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries for more than 70 years. Monitoring for paraben allergy closely followed with studies reporting paraben testing in standard screening fashion as early as 1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biased agonists of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 differentially control chemotaxis and inflammation.

Journal Article Sci Signal · November 6, 2018 The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a central role in inflammation by mediating effector/memory T cell migration in various diseases; however, drugs targeting CXCR3 and other chemokine receptors are largely ineffective in treating inflammation. Chemokines, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of the Adoption of a Comprehensive Electronic Health Record on Graduate Medical Education: Perceptions of Faculty and Trainees.

Journal Article South Med J · August 2018 OBJECTIVES: Health systems are adopting electronic health records (EHRs). There are few studies on the effects of EHR implementation on graduate medical education. The authors sought to longitudinally assess perceptions of the impact of EHRs on graduate me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survey of Patch Test Business Models in the United States by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2018 BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains a significant burden of disease in the United States. Patch testing is the criterion standard for diagnosing ACD, but its use may be limited by reimbursement challenges. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Medical Necessity of Comprehensive Patch Testing.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2018 Allergic contact dermatitis is associated with significant disease and economic burden in the United States. To properly manage allergic contact dermatitis, it is important to accurately identify the substance(s) implicated in the dermatitis to prevent dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemokine Signaling in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Toward Targeted Therapies.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2018 Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin disease that results in significant cost and morbidity. Despite its high prevalence, therapeutic options are limited. Allergic contact dermatitis is regulated primarily by T cells within the adaptive immun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Baseline Patch Test Series: Pediatric Contact Dermatitis Workgroup.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2018 BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is a challenging diagnostic problem in children. Although epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for confirmation of contact sensitization, it is less used in children by dermatologists treating childr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gallate Contact Dermatitis: Product Update and Systematic Review.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2017 Allergic contact dermatitis related to cosmetic use can result from allergens not routinely evaluated by standard patch test protocols. Propyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallates are commonly used antioxidant preservatives with reports of associated allergic cont ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contact Allergy to Hydroperoxides of Linalool and D-Limonene in a US Population.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2017 BACKGROUND: Linalool and D-limonene are common fragrance ingredients that readily oxidize on exposure to air. The resulting hydroperoxides of linalool and D-limonene have been shown to have high frequencies of positive patch test reactions in several Europ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developing Teaching Strategies in the EHR Era: A Survey of GME Experts.

Journal Article J Grad Med Educ · October 2016 BACKGROUND: There is limited information on the impact of widespread adoption of the electronic health record (EHR) on graduate medical education (GME). OBJECTIVE: To identify areas of consensus by education experts, where the use of EHR impacts GME, with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patch Testing Tools of the Trade: Use of Immunosuppressants and Antihistamines during Patch Testing

Journal Article Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association · May 1, 2016 Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard for obtaining a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with allergic contact dermatitis who are undergoing patch testing may be taking or using topical, oral, or injectable immunosuppressant medic ... Full text Cite

Patch Testing for Evaluation of Hypersensitivity to Implanted Metal Devices: A Perspective From the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2016 The American Contact Dermatitis Society recognizes the interest in the evaluation and management of metal hypersensitivity reactions. Given the paucity of robust evidence with which to guide our practices, we provide reasonable evidence and expert opinion- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stability of patch test allergens.

Journal Article Dermatitis · 2013 Patch testing is widely used in evaluating suspected contact dermatitis. One major component of a quality patch test result is a dependable, predictable allergen supply. The allergen needs to be present at a sufficient concentration to elicit a reaction in ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Duke Dermatology Residency Training Program

Journal Article Journal of Drugs in Dermatology · September 1, 2012 Cite

Adverse cutaneous reactions to chemotherapy agents

Journal Article Journal of Drugs in Dermatology · September 1, 2012 Cite

Griscelli syndrome associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Journal Article Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · September 2012 Cite

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis as the presenting feature of dermatitis herpetiformis.

Journal Article Arch Dermatol · November 2011 BACKGROUND: Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune disease typically characterized by pruritic vesicles located on the extensor surfaces. Classic disease consists of neutrophils in the dermal papillae. Additional histopathologic findings include fibrin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kikuchi's disease: case report and systematic review of cutaneous and histopathologic presentations.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · July 2008 Kikuchi's disease, also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a systemic illness with classic clinical findings of cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. Diagnosis is confirmed by lymph node histology, which reveals paracortical foci of necrosis ... Full text Link to item Cite