Scholars@Duke
V. Joseph Hotz

V. Joseph Hotz

Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics
Economics
v.joseph.hotz@duke.edu
213 Social Sciences, Box 90097, Durham, NC 27708-0097
213 Social Sciences, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Racial-Ethnic Gaps in Pandemic-Related Economic Hardship: Age Differences Among Older Adults.

Journal Article The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · August 2024 ObjectivesRacial-ethnic disparities in experiences of economic hardship during the pandemic are well documented in the population overall and among older adults. Existing research shows that this economic hardship was much less common at older tha ... Full text Cite

Age Differences in Experiences of Pandemic-Related Health and Economic Challenges Among Adults Aged 55 and Older.

Journal Article The Gerontologist · June 2024 Background and objectivesThe oldest adults faced the highest risk of death and hospitalization from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but less is known about whether they also were the most likely to experience pandemic-related economic, health ... Full text Cite

The key role of absolute risk in the disclosure risk assessment of public data releases.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · March 2024 Full text Cite

Comparative assessment of the feasibility and validity of daily activity space in urban and non-urban settings.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 Activity space research explores the behavioral impact of the spaces people move through in daily life. This research has focused on urban settings, devoting little attention to non-urban settings. We examined the validity of the activity space method, com ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Add Health Parent Study: A Biosocial Resource for the Study of Multigenerational Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias.

Journal Article Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · January 2024 BackgroundAlzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD) have increased in prevalence.ObjectiveThis article describes the Add Health Parent Study (AHPS) Phase 2, a study of social, behavioral, and biological facto ... Full text Cite

The Role of Parental Wealth and Income in Financing Children’s College Attendance and Its Consequences

Scholarly Edition · January 1, 2023 This work examines the influence of parental wealth and income on children’s college attendance and parents’ financing decisions and on whether children graduate from college. We also examine whether parental financing affects the subsequent indebtedness o ... Full text Cite

Balancing data privacy and usability in the federal statistical system.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2022 The federal statistical system is experiencing competing pressures for change. On the one hand, for confidentiality reasons, much socially valuable data currently held by federal agencies is either not made available to researchers at all or only made avai ... Full text Cite

A Chronicle of the Application of Differential Privacy to the 2020 Census

Journal Article Harvard Data Science Review · June 24, 2022 Full text Cite

Changes across cohorts in wage returns to schooling and early work experiences

Journal Article Journal of Labor Economics · October 1, 2021 This paper investigates the wage returns to schooling and actual early work experiences and how these returns have changed over the past 20 years. Using the NLSY surveys, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of the joint schooling and work decisions tha ... Full text Cite

The Role of Family Health History in Predicting Midlife Chronic Disease Outcomes.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · October 2021 INTRODUCTION: The generational relevance for determining disease risk for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for U.S. adults is a source of debate. METHODS: Data on 12,300 adults (Add Health Study Members) participating in Wave V (2016-2018) of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Like Parent, Like Child: Intergenerational Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors at Midlife.

Journal Article J Adolesc Health · March 2021 PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the prevalence of four cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking) for parents and their adult children at the same approximate midlife age. We also evaluated associations of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ex ante returns and occupational choice

Journal Article Journal of Political Economy · December 1, 2020 Using data from Duke University undergraduates, we make three main contributions to the literature. First, we show that data on earnings beliefs and probabilities of choosing particular occupations are highly informative of future earnings and occupations. ... Full text Cite

Disparities in vulnerability to complications from COVID-19 arising from disparities in preexisting conditions in the United States.

Journal Article Research in social stratification and mobility · October 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified U.S. health disparities. Though disparities in COVID-19 hospitalization by race-ethnicity are large, disparities by income and education have not been studied. Using an index based on preexisting health conditions and ag ... Full text Cite

Disparities in Vulnerability to Severe Complications from COVID-19 in the United States.

Journal Article medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · May 30, 2020 This paper provides the first nationally representative estimates of vulnerability to severe complications from COVID-19 overall and across race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine the prevalence ... Full text Cite

Spatial Distance between Parents and Adult Children in the United States.

Journal Article Journal of marriage and the family · April 2020 ObjectiveThis brief report presents contemporary national estimates of the spatial distance between residences of parents and adult children in the United States, including distance to one's nearest parent and/or adult child and whether one lives ... Full text Cite

Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms

Journal Article Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · November 1, 2019 We analyze policies that support and affect the provision and costs of child care in the United States. These policies are motivated by at least three objectives: (1) improving the cognitive and social development of young children, (2) facilitating matern ... Full text Cite

Stepfamily Structure and Transfers Between Generations in U.S. Families.

Journal Article Demography · February 2019 Unstable couple relationships and high rates of repartnering have increased the share of U.S. families with stepkin. Yet data on stepfamily structure are from earlier periods, include only coresident stepkin, or cover only older adults. In this study, we u ... Full text Cite

The impacts of teenage childbearing on the mothers and the consequences of those impacts for government

Chapter · January 1, 2018 The everyday hardships of teen motherhood come into public consciousness through media attention to and the prevalence of teen childbearing throughout the United States. The apparent adverse consequences of teen motherhood have become an important issue in ... Full text Cite

Identification and inference on regressions with missing covariate data

Journal Article Econometric Theory · February 1, 2017 This paper examines the problem of identification and inference on a conditional moment condition model with missing data, with special focus on the case when the conditioning covariates are missing. We impose no assumption on the distribution of the missi ... Full text Open Access Cite

IDENTIFICATION AND INFERENCE ON REGRESSIONS WITH MISSING COVARIATE DATA

Journal Article Econometric Theory · February 2017 Cite

Living Arrangements of Mothers and Their Adult Children Over the Life Course.

Journal Article Research on aging · January 2017 Early in the last century, it was commonplace for elderly women to live with their adult children. Over time, the prevalence of this type of living arrangement declined, as incomes increased. In more recent decades, coresidence between adult children and t ... Full text Cite

University Differences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence from California.

Scholarly Edition · March 2016 We examine differences in minority science graduation rates among University of California campuses when racial preferences were in place. Less prepared minorities at higher ranked campuses had lower persistence rates in science and took longer to graduate ... Full text Cite

University Differences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence from California

Journal Article American Economic Review · March 2016 We examine differences in minority science graduation rates among University of California campuses when racial preferences were in place. Less prepared minorities at higher ranked campuses had lower persistence rates in science and took longer to graduate ... Cite

University differences in the graduation minorities in STEM fields: evidence from California

Scholarly Edition · March 1, 2016 We examine differences in minority science graduation rates among University of California campuses when racial preferences were in place. Less-prepared minorities at higher-ranked campuses had lower persistence rates in science and took longer to graduate ... Cite

Strategic parenting, birth order, and school performance.

Journal Article Journal of population economics · October 2015 Featured Publication Fueled by new evidence, there has been renewed interest about the effects of birth order on human capital accumulation. The underlying causal mechanisms for such effects remain unsettled. We consider a model in which parents impose more stringent disciplin ... Full text Cite

The economic approach to modeling adolescent sexual behavior: Empirical implications

Chapter · January 1, 2015 In reviewing the work by Manlove, Franzetta, Ryan, and Moore (this volume), I begin with a brief discussion of the economic approach to the modeling of adolescent sexual behavior and discuss its empirical implications. To illustrate this approach, I discus ... Full text Cite

Affirmative action and university fit: evidence from Proposition 209

Scholarly Edition · December 1, 2014 Proposition 209 banned the use of racial preferences in admissions at public colleges in California. We analyze unique data for all applicants and enrollees within the University of California (UC) system before and after Prop 209. After Prop 209, minority ... Full text Cite

Recovering Ex Ante Returns and Preferences for Occupations Using Subjective Expectations Data

Journal Article Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper · October 1, 2014 We show that data on subjective expectations, especially on outcomes from counterfactual choices and choice probabilities, are a powerful tool in recovering ex ante treatment effects as well as preferences for different treatments. In this paper we focus o ... Cite

Strategic information disclosure: The case of multiattribute products with heterogeneous consumers

Journal Article Economic Inquiry · January 1, 2013 We examine the incentives for firms to voluntarily disclose otherwise private information about the quality attributes of their products. In particular, we focus on the case of differentiated products with multiple attributes and heterogeneous consumers. W ... Full text Cite

Editorial: IZA Journal of Labor Economics

Journal Article IZA Journal of Labor Economics · December 1, 2012 Full text Cite

Modeling college major choices using elicited measures of expectations and counterfactuals

Journal Article · 2012 The choice of a college major plays a critical role in determining the future earnings of college graduates. Students make their college major decisions in part due to the future earnings streams associated with the different majors. We survey students abo ... Cite

Modeling college major choices using elicited measures of expectations and counterfactuals

Journal Article Journal of Econometrics · January 1, 2012 The choice of a college major plays a critical role in determining the future earnings of college graduates. Students make their college major decisions in part due to the future earnings streams associated with the different majors. We survey students abo ... Full text Cite

The Impact of Regulations on the Supply and Quality of Care in Child Care Markets.

Journal Article The American economic review · August 2011 We examine the impact of state child care regulations on the supply and quality of care in child care markets. We exploit panel data on both individual establishments and local markets to control for state, time, and, where possible, establishment-specific ... Full text Cite

The Impact of Regulations on the Supply and Quality of Care in Child Care Markets

Journal Article American Economic Review · August 2011 We examine the impact of state child care regulations on the supply and quality of care in child care markets. We exploit panel data on both individual establishments and local markets to control for state, time, and, where possible, establishment-speci ... Cite

An Economic Model of Amniocentesis Choice

Scholarly Edition · August 2010 Cite

An economic model of amniocentesis choice.

Journal Article Advances in life course research · March 2010 Medical practitioners typically utilize the following protocol when advising pregnant women about testing for the possibility of genetic disorders with their fetus: Pregnant women over the age of 35 should be tested for Down syndrome and other genetic diso ... Full text Cite

Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects

Journal Article Biometrika · March 1, 2009 Estimation of average treatment effects under unconfounded or ignorable treatment assignment is often hampered by lack of overlap in the covariate distributions between treatment groups. This lack of overlap can lead to imprecise estimates, and can make co ... Full text Cite

Dealing with Limited Overlap in Estimation of Average Treatment Effects

Scholarly Edition · 2009 Estimation of average treatment effects under unconfounded or ignorable treatment assignment is often hampered by lack of overlap in the covariate distributions between treatment groups. This lack of overlap can lead to imprecise estimates, and can make co ... Cite

Nonparametric tests for treatment effect heterogeneity

Journal Article Review of Economics and Statistics · August 1, 2008 In this paper we develop two nonparametric tests of treatment effect heterogeneity. The first test is for the null hypothesis that the treatment has a zero average effect for all subpopulations defined by covariates. The second test is for the null hypothe ... Full text Open Access Cite

Games Parents and Adolescents Play: Risky Behaviors, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers.

Journal Article Economic journal (London, England) · April 2008 This paper examines parental reputation formation in intra-familial interactions. In a repeated two-stage game, children decide whether to drop out of high school or daughters decide whether to have births as teens and parents then decide whether to provid ... Full text Cite

How have the Returns to Schooling and Work Experience Changed over the Last 40 Years? Evidence from Panel Data

Scholarly Edition · 2008 This study examines how the returns to wages of early work and schooling experiences changed for young men and women in the United States over the latter half of the twentieth century. Our analysis focuses on the experi¬ences of young men and women from tw ... Cite

Nonparametric Tests for Treatment Effect Heterogeneity

Scholarly Edition · 2008 In this paper we develop two nonparametric tests of treatment effect heterogeneity. The first test is for the null hypothesis that the treatment has a zero average effect for all subpopulations defined by covariates. The second test is for the null hypothe ... Cite

Can administrative data on child support be used to improve the EITC? Evidence from Wisconsin

Journal Article National Tax Journal · January 1, 2008 We examine EITC compliance using a unique dataset combining income tax returns, Unemployment Insurance data, state child support data, and data collected by hand from Wisconsin courthouses. A substantial number of EITC claims are made by adults listed as t ... Full text Cite

Cohort changes in the transition from school to work: Evidence from three NLS surveys

Journal Article Economics of Education Review · August 1, 2006 This study examines the changes in the school-to-work transition of young adults in the United States over the latter part of the twentieth century. Their transition is portrayed using data from National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women, Young Men, and ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the differential effects of alternative welfare-to-work training components: A reanalysis of the California GAIN program

Journal Article Journal of Labor Economics · July 1, 2006 We show how data from an evaluation in which subjects are randomly assigned to some treatment versus a control group can be combined with nonexperimental methods to estimate the differential effects of alternative treatments. We propose tests for the valid ... Full text Open Access Cite

Explaining Family Change and Variation: Challenges for Family Demographers.

Journal Article Journal of marriage and the family · November 2005 Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) issued a request for proposals that resulted in the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), a unique survey valuable to a wide range of family scholars. This ... Full text Cite

Predicting the efficacy of future training programs using past experiences at other locations

Journal Article Journal of Econometrics · March 1, 2005 The problem of predicting the average effect of a new training program using experiences with previous implementations was investigated. The ability to adjust for population differences depends on the availability of characteristics of the two populations ... Full text Cite

Teenage childbearing and its life cycle consequences: Exploiting a natural experiment

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · January 1, 2005 We exploit a "natural experiment" associated with human reproduction to identify the causal effect of teen childbearing on the socioeconomic attainment of teen mothers. We exploit the fact that some women who become pregnant experience a miscarriage and do ... Full text Cite

Teenage Childbearing and Its Life Cycle Consequences: Exploiting a Natural Experiment

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · 2005 We exploit a “natural experiment” associated with human reproduction to identify the causal effect of teen childbearing on the socioeconomic attainment of teen mothers. We exploit the fact that some women who become pregnant experience a miscarriage and do ... Cite

Inequality in life and death: What drives racial trends in U.S. child death rates?

Journal Article · December 1, 2004 This chapter examines the trends in and determinants of child death rates in the United States over the period 1980 to 1998. The annual death rate (number of deaths per 100,000 population) of children age zero to nineteen declined by 39.6 percent over this ... Cite

Accidents will happen? Unintentional childhood injuries and the effects of child care regulations.

Journal Article Journal of health economics · January 2004 Accidents are the leading cause of death and injury among children in the United States, far surpassing diseases as a health threat. We examine the effects of child care regulation on rates of accidental injury using both micro data from the National Longi ... Full text Open Access Cite

Are there returns to the wages of young men from working while in school?

Journal Article Review of Economics and Statistics · May 1, 2002 This paper examines the effects of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men's wage rates. Previous studies have found sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while enrolled in school, especially high sc ... Full text Open Access Cite

Measuring Employment and Income Outcomes for Low-Income Populations with Administrative and Survey Data

Journal Article Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues · 2002 Cite

The Earned Income Tax Credit and Labor Market Participation of Families on Welfare

Scholarly Edition · January 31, 2001 In this paper we examine the effect of the EITC on the employment rates of adults who received welfare (AFDC) during the 1990s. The first part of the paper begins with a description of the changes in the EITC over the last ten years, its administration, an ... Cite

"The Statistical Power of National Data to Evaluate Welfare Reform"

Journal Article Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition · 2001 Cite

Teenage Childbearing and Its Life Cycle Consequences: Exploiting a Natural Experiment

Scholarly Edition · August 1, 1999 In this paper, we exploit a "natural experiment" associated with human reproduction to identify the effect of teen childbearing on subsequent educational attainment, family structure, labor market outcomes, and financial self-sufficiency. In particular, we ... Cite

Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?

Scholarly Edition · July 1, 1999 This paper examines the impacts of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men’s wage rates during the 1980s and 1990s. Previous studies have found evidence of sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while ... Cite

EITC Eligibility, Participation, and Compliance Rates for AFDC Households: Evidence from the California Caseload

Scholarly Edition · July 1, 1999 In this report, we examine the eligibility for and participation in the earned income tax credit (EITC) for low-income families in California during the 1990s. The EITC is a federal in-come tax credit available to working poor families, with the amount of ... Cite

Evaluating Work-Related Cash Benefit Programs: The Earned Income Tax Credit

Journal Article New Directions in Program Evaluation · October 1998 Cite

Bounding Causal Effects Using Data from a Contaminated Natural Experiment: Analysing the Effects of Teenage Childbearing

Journal Article The Review of Economic Studies · 1997 In this paper, we consider what can be learned about causal effects when one uses a contaminated instrumental variable. In particular, we consider what inferences can be made about the causal effect of teenage childbearing on a teen mother's subsequent out ... Cite

Bounding Causal Effects Using Data from a Contaminated Natural Experiment: Analysing the Effects of Teenage Childbearing

Journal Article Review of Economic Studies · January 1, 1997 In this paper, we consider what can be learned about causal effects when one uses a contaminated instrumental variable. In particular, we consider what inferences can be made about the causal effect of teenage childbearing on a teen mother's subsequent out ... Full text Cite

The Responsiveness of the Demand for Condoms to the Local Prevalence of AIDS

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · October 1996 Cite

The responsiveness of the demand for condoms to the local prevalence of AIDS

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · January 1, 1996 This paper investigates the degree to which the local prevalence of AIDS increases the demand for disease-preventing methods of contraception among young adults. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-1979), we find substantial evi ... Full text Cite

Initial Labor Market Experiences of Minority and Nonminority Men

Journal Article Proceedings of the Industrial Relations Research Association · 1995 Cite

A Simulation Estimator for Dynamic Models of Discrete Choice.

Journal Article Review of Economic Studies · April 1994 This paper analyzes a new estimator for the structural parameters of dynamic models of discrete choice. Based on an inversion theorem due to V. J. Hotz and R. Miller (1993), which establishes the existence of a one-to-one mapping between the conditional ... Cite

A Simulation Estimator for Dynamic Models of Discrete Choice

Journal Article The Review of Economic Studies · 1994 This paper analyses a new estimator for the structural parameters of dynamic models of discrete choice. Based on an inversion theorem due to Hotz and Miller (1993), which establishes the existence of a one-to-one mapping between the conditional valuation f ... Cite

A simulation estimator for dynamic models of discrete choice

Journal Article Review of Economic Studies · January 1, 1994 This paper analyses a new estimator for the structural parameters of dynamic models of discrete choice. Based on an inversion theorem due to Hotz and Miller (1993), which establishes the existence of a one-to-one mapping between the conditional valuation f ... Full text Cite

Conditional Choice Probabilities and the Estimation of Dynamic Models.

Journal Article Review of Economic Studies · July 1993 This paper develops a new method for estimating the structural parameters of (discrete choice) dynamic programming problems. They show the valuation functions characterizing the expected future utility associated with the choices often can be represente ... Cite

Conditional Choice Probabilities and the Estimation of Dynamic Models

Journal Article The Review of Economic Studies · 1993 This paper develops a new method for estimating the structural parameters of (discrete choice) dynamic programming problems. The method reduces the computational burden of estimating such models. We show the valuation functions characterizing the expected ... Cite

Conditional choice probabilities and the estimation of dynamic models

Journal Article Review of Economic Studies · January 1, 1993 First version received April final version accepted January 1993 This paper develops a new method for estimating the structural parameters of (discrete choice) dynamic programming problems. The method reduces the computational burden of estimating such mod ... Full text Cite

SPECIAL ISSUE ON CHILD-CARE - INTRODUCTION

Journal Article JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES · December 1, 1992 Link to item Cite

DESIGNING AN EVALUATION OF THE JOB-TRAINING PARTNERSHIP ACT

Conference EVALUATING WELFARE AND TRAINING PROGRAMS · January 1, 1992 Link to item Cite

Choosing among alternative nonexperimental methods for estimating the impact of social programs: The case of manpower training

Journal Article Journal of the American Statistical Association · January 1, 1989 The recent literature on evaluating manpower training programs demonstrates that alternative nonexperimental estimators of the same program produce an array of estimates of program impact. These findings have led to the call for experiments to be used to p ... Full text Cite

Rejoinder

Journal Article Journal of the American Statistical Association · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Are Classical Experiments Necessary for Evaluating the Impact of Manpower Training Programs? A Critical Assessment

Journal Article Industrial Relations Research Association Proceedings · June 1988 Cite

Intertemporal Preferences and Labor Supply

Journal Article Econometrica · March 1988 Open Access Cite

Intertemporal Preferences and Labor Supply

Journal Article Econometrica · March 1988 Full text Open Access Cite

An Empirical Analysis of Life Cycle Fertility and Female Labor Supply.

Journal Article Econometrica · January 1988 This paper examines household fertility and female labor supply over the life cycle. The authors investigate ho w maternal time and market inputs, and benefits children yield their parents, vary with their ages and influence female labor supply and c on ... Open Access Cite

Do We Need Experimental Data To Evaluate the Impact of Manpower Training On Earnings?

Journal Article Evaluation Review · January 1, 1987 This article assesses several recent studies in the manpower training evaluation literature claiming that (1) nonexperimental methods of program evaluation produce unreliable estimates of program impacts and (2) randomized experiments are necessary to prod ... Full text Cite

The Influence of Early Fertility on Subsequent Births and the Importance of Controlling for Heterogeneity

Journal Article Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute · August 1985 Cite

New evidence on the timing and spacing of births

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1, 1985 Open Access Cite

New Evidence on the Timing and Spacing of Births.

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1985 Cite

Multiperiod Probit Models and Orthogonality Condition Estimation

Journal Article International Economic Review · February 1983 Full text Cite

Affirmative Action and University Fit: Evidence from Proposition 209

Scholarly Edition Proposition 209 banned using racial preferences in admissions at California's public colleges. We analyze unique data for all applicants and enrollees within the University of California (UC) system before and after Prop 209. After Prop 209, graduation rat ... Cite

Affirmative Action and University Fit: Evidence from Proposition 209

Scholarly Edition Proposition 209 banned the use of racial preferences in admissions at public colleges in California. We analyze unique data for all applicants and enrollees within the University of California (UC) system before and after Prop 209. After Prop 209, graduati ... Cite

University Differences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence from California

Scholarly Edition The low number of college graduates with science degrees - particularly among underrepresented minorities - is of growing concern. We examine differences across universities in graduating students in different fields. Using student-level data on the Univer ... Cite

University Differences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence from California

Scholarly Edition The low number of college graduates with science degrees – particularly among under-represented minorities – is of growing concern. We examine differences across universities in graduating students in different fields. Using student-level data on the Unive ... Cite

"Economics and the Earned Income Tax Credit: A Comment"

Journal Article Better Living Through Economics: How Economic Research Improves Our Lives" Cite

"Economics and the Earned Income Tax Credit: A Comment"

Journal Article Better Living Through Economics: How Economic Research Improves Our Lives" Cite

"Hispanics in the U.S. Labor Market"

Journal Article Hispanics and the American Future Cite

"The Earned Income Tax Credit"

Journal Article Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the U.S. Cite

"Education and Employment in a Diverse Society: Generating Inequality through the School-to-Work Transition"

Journal Article American Diversity: A Demographic Challenge for the Twenty-First Century Cite

Employment Contracts, Risk Sharing, and the Role of Unions

Journal Article Research in Labor Economics Cite

Labor Supply Estimates for Public Policy Evaluation: A Comment

Journal Article Industrial Relations Research Association Proceedings Cite

Employment and Wage Prospects of Black, White, and Hispanic Women: Evidence from the 1980s and Early 1990s

Scholarly Edition Since the mid-1970s, the U.S. experienced substantial changes in the industrial composition of employment and wages owing to energy price shocks, increased international competition, and technological change. As the share of total manufacturing employment ... Cite

Designing Experimental Evaluations of Social Programs: The Case of the U.S. National JTPA Study

Journal Article In this paper, I review the issues confronted in designing the U.S. National Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) Study, discuss how these issues were dealt with and assess the efficacy of the final design in evaluating the JTPA system and in resolving the ... Cite

Measuring Employment and Income for Low-Income Populations with Administrative and Survey Data

Scholarly Edition We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of income and employment data in national surveys, in unemployment insurance (UI) wage records, and in tax returns. The CPS, SIPP, NLS, and PSID surveys provide valuable information on the behavior of the low-income ... Cite

The Impact of Minimum Quality Standards on Firm Entry, Exit and Product Quality: The Case of the Child Care Market

Scholarly Edition We examine the impact of minimum quality standards on the supply side of the child care market, using a unique panel data set merged from the Census of Services Industries, state regulation data, and administrative accreditation records from the National A ... Cite

The Earned Income Tax Credit

Scholarly Edition Since its inception in 1975, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has grown into the largest, Federally-funded means-tested cash assistance program in the United States. In this chapter, we review the political history of the EITC, its rules and goals and p ... Link to item Cite

Bounding Treatment Effects In Controlled and Natural Experiments Subject to Post-Randomized Treatment Choice

Scholarly Edition In this paper, we explore a strategy for constructing non-parametric bounds on the effects of treatments actually received in experiments. While treatment statuses may be randomly assigned, experiments involving human subjects are potentially vulnerable to ... Cite

Will the AIDS Epidemic be Self-Limiting? Evidence on the Responsiveness of the Demand for Condoms to the Prevalence of AIDS

Scholarly Edition This paper investigates the degree to which the local prevalence of AIDS increases the demand for disease-preventing methods of contraception among young adults. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find substantial evidence ... Cite

The Costs and Consequences of Teenage Childbearing for Mothers

Scholarly Edition We examine the effects of the failure of teen mothers to delay their childbearing on their subsequent behavior and socioeconomic attainment. We estimate these causal effects by exploiting an innovative evaluation design in which women who first become preg ... Cite

Evaluating the Differential Effects of Alternative Welfare-to-Work Training Components: A Re-Analysis of the California GAIN Program

Scholarly Edition In this paper, we explore ways of combining experimental data and non-experimental methods to estimate the differential effects of components of training programs. We show how data from a multi-site experimental evaluation in which subjects are randomly as ... Link to item Cite

Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?

Scholarly Edition This paper examines the impacts of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men's wage rates during the 1980s and 1990s. Previous studies have found evidence of sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while ... Link to item Cite

The Demand for Child Care and Child Care Costs: Should We Ignore Families with Non-Working Mothers

Scholarly Edition This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of how families care for their pre-school age children. In contrast to all existing studies, we analyze the child care decisions of households with non-working mothers as well as those with working moth ... Cite

Nonparametric Tests for Treatment Effect Heterogeneity

Scholarly Edition A large part of the recent literature on program evaluation has focused on estimation of the average effect of the treatment under assumptions of unconfoundedness or ignorability following the seminal work by Rubin (1974) and Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983). In ... Cite

Games Daughters and Parents Play: Teenage Childbearing, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers

Scholarly Edition In this paper, we examine the empirical implications of reputation formation using a game-theoretic model of intra-familial interactions. We consider parental reputation in repeated two-stage games in which daughters' decision to have a child as a teenager ... Cite

Cohort Changes in the Transition from School to Work: What Changed and What Consequences Did it have for Wages?

Scholarly Edition This study examines the changes in the school-to-work transition in the United States over the latter part of the twentieth century and their consequences for the wages of young adults. In particular, we document the various types of work and schoo ... Cite