Journal ArticleChest · August 2024
A 36-year-old woman with a medical history of opioid use disorder and frequent urinary tract infections presented to the ED from her opioid use disorder clinic, where she was found to have an oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (Spo2) of 82% on room air. S ...
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Journal ArticleJ Appl Lab Med · March 6, 2023
BACKGROUND: The i-STAT (iST) and GEM Premier ChemSTAT (ChmST) are point-of-care systems that measure electrolytes, metabolites, acid-base parameters, and hematocrit on blood. We compared results for creatinine, urea (blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), total carbo ...
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Journal ArticleClin Appl Thromb Hemost · 2023
AIM: This study aims to investigate the ability of fibrinogen and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters measured at obstetric hemorrhage protocol initiation to predict severe hemorrhage. METHODS: In this retrospective study we included patients ...
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Journal ArticleJ Appl Lab Med · September 1, 2021
BACKGROUND: Two previous reports from the same group concluded that the analytical reliability of Instrumentation Laboratory GEM4000 analyzers (GEM4K) deteriorated during a 24-hour period, based on results between samples from the same patient but collecte ...
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Book · January 1, 2021
Blood gas tests are a group of tests that are widely used and essential for the evaluation and management of a patient’s ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base balance, often in emergent situations, and along with blood gases are other critical care analy ...
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Journal ArticlePoint of Care · June 1, 2019
Background We determined if the earlier ROTEM (rotational thromboelastometry) parameters (α-angle and amplitude at 10 minutes [A10]) could replace the later-reported maximum amplitude (maximum clot firmness [MCF]) in cardiothoracic surgery (C/T OR), postpa ...
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Journal ArticleAnesth Analg · March 2019
BACKGROUND: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can provide clinical information in 10-20 minutes for guiding administration of fibrinogen, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma products. While ROTEM testing is well established for cardiac and other surgeri ...
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Journal ArticleClin Biochem · August 2018
PURPOSE: The effect of eating meat on serum concentrations of creatinine has varied among previous reports, with some finding no effect and others finding 50-100% increases, which appears related to how the beef is cooked. For other analytes related to kid ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · July 3, 2018
OBJECTIVES: In the United States, minimum standards for quality control (QC) are specified in federal law under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment and its revisions. Beyond meeting this required standard, laboratories have flexibility to determi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Appl Lab Med · November 1, 2017
BACKGROUND: This review addresses techniques for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), either measured by clearance tests such as with creatinine, iothalamate, inulin, or iohexol [measured GFR (mGFR)] or calculated by equations that determine the estimated GFR ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · August 1, 2016
PURPOSE: Accurate and precise measurements of creatinine are necessary to evaluate changes in kidney function related to a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When serial measurements of creatinine are monitored in an individual, it is useful to kn ...
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Journal ArticleAdv Clin Chem · 2016
Although part of a common "blood gas" test panel with pH and pCO2, the pO2, %O2Hb, and related parameters are independently used to detect and monitor oxygen deficits from a variety of causes. Measurement of blood gases and cooximetry may be done by labora ...
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Journal ArticlePoint of Care · March 11, 2015
To evaluate the performance of the ACCU-CHEK Inform II glucose meter system for use in critically ill patients, and to assess the effects of blood oxygen tension, hematocrit, sodium levels on glucose measurements. A multicenter study involving the collecti ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · June 5, 2013
BACKGROUND: A new version of international standard (ISO 15197) and CLSI Guideline (POCT12) with more stringent accuracy criteria are near publication. We evaluated the glucose test performance of the FreeStyle Precision Pro system, a new blood glucose mon ...
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Journal ArticlePoint of Care · March 1, 2011
This review addresses common misconceptions about serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by either clearance tests (creatinine, iothalamate, inulin, etc) or by equations that calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR), the perceived benefit of ...
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Journal ArticleNephron Clin Pract · 2010
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The serious limitations of the estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) appear related not to a shortcoming of the equation, but to the futility of trying to force agreement between two inherently different parameters: a blood marker of kidney function ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · September 2008
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BACKGROUND: To determine the potential sensitivity of several renal function tests for detecting early changes in renal function, we compared the within-individual (W-I) variation over 5 months of serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and creatinine clearanc ...
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Journal ArticleAnesth Analg · December 2007
BACKGROUND: We describe some misconceptions that have become common practice in reporting blood gas and cooximetry results. In 1980, oxygen saturation was incorrectly redefined in a report of a new instrument for analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) derivatives. Ox ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · July 2007
BACKGROUND: A recently-introduced quality assessment system (Intelligent Quality Management: iQM), was evaluated in routine clinical use at four different hospitals. The iQM technology is designed to replace conventional external liquid controls with softw ...
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Journal ArticlePoint of Care · June 1, 2007
In addition to the biochemical and physiological importance of magnesium, the increasing number of conditions associated with magnesium depletion, such as drug therapy and stress from surgery or trauma, have contributed toward increasing the clinical impor ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · June 2005
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BACKGROUND: The activated clotting time (ACT) is a standard monitor for heparin anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study determines the effect of upgrading our ACT system on our clinical practice with regards to the conduct and safet ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Anesth · June 2003
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STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the necessity for ionized magnesium (iMg) assay by evaluating the effect of abdominal surgery without massive transfusion on total magnesium (Mg) and iMg concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Opera ...
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Journal ArticlePlastic Surgical Nursing · January 1, 2003
Point-of-care determination of the activated clotting time (ACT) has become the standard of care in a number of clinical situations. The authors converted from ACT done by the Hemochron 801 analyzer, which uses tubes containing either celite, kaolin, or gl ...
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Journal ArticlePlastic Surgical Nursing · January 1, 2003
A multicenter study was carried out to investigate the analytical performance characteristics of the new blood gas analyzer, Roche OMNI C, in a clinical setting. In method comparison experiments, all results with Roche OMNI C were at least in good agreemen ...
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Journal ArticleArch Pathol Lab Med · August 2002
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CONTEXT: It is well known that the concentration of ionized calcium in blood is affected by the pH of the specimen, since hydrogen ions compete with calcium for binding sites on albumin and other proteins. However, the relationship between pH and ionized m ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Monit Comput · July 2002
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that new activated clotting time (ACT) technology, with modifications to instruments and reagents designed to detect earlier clot formation, would be associated with more precise but lower results. A secondary ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · March 2001
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Precision PCx (PCx) against another bedside blood glucose meter SureStepPro (SSP), which has been shown to be unaffected by high P(O(2)). Human blood samples were used to prepare plasma glucose (PG) concentrations o ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · February 2001
We studied the effects of several heparin anticoagulants on ionized calcium and ionized magnesium measurements. Venous blood from 24 healthy donors was drawn into 20-ml syringes without an anticoagulant, and immediately analyzed for control results. They w ...
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Journal ArticleSouth Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal · December 1, 2000
This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the bedside glucometer SureStepPro (SSP, LifeScan Inc; Milpitas, California) against a standard laboratory instrument (Yellow Springs Instruments [YSI] 2300 STAT PLUS; Yellow Springs, Ohio) during hyperba ...
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Journal ArticleMLO: medical laboratory observer · January 1, 2000
Despite the many advantages of POCT, the biggest obstacle for the lab often becomes documentation and billing of tests performed at remote locations. To solve this problem, this lab took advantage of a wireless radiofrequency network that had been installe ...
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Journal ArticleArch Pathol Lab Med · July 1996
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize and control the potential interference to P(O2) determinations when blood contaminated with air is sent via a pneumatic tube system (PTS). DESIGN: Both tonometered blood at P(O2)s of 65, 75, 142, and 339 mm Hg and arterial blood ...
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Journal ArticleClin Biochem · February 1996
OBJECTIVES: To insure commutability (equivalence) between whole blood and plasma glucose values and to assess potential interferences in glucose oxidase methods. DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared plasma glucose results by the Ektachem 700 analyzer to glucose ...
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Journal ArticleScand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl · 1996
Blood lactate measurements are being used clinically as an indicator of circulatory impairment and the overall state of oxygenation of patients in critical care. This report briefly covers the areas of usage of lactate testing, lactate biochemistry, approp ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · October 1995
The biochemical and physiologic bases for clinical use of ionized calcium, magnesium, or lactate measurements are described, with emphasis on the critical care setting. Ionized calcium or magnesium are usually measured to prevent hypocalcemia or hypomagnes ...
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Journal ArticleScand J Clin Lab Invest · July 1995
For the purpose of demonstrating both the clinical value and economic advantages of using blood lactate as a marker for haemodynamic instability, we present the clinical guidelines for when to measure blood lactate and how these measurements are interprete ...
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Journal ArticleEur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem · August 1993
We describe the construction, the reaction principle and the performance of Reflotron K+, a new Reflotron test for the quantitative determination of potassium in serum and heparinized plasma. The reaction principle is based on the introduction of the potas ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · December 1992
We evaluated a new analyzer that measures lactate in undiluted whole blood by direct (or undiluted) amperometry [Nova Stat Profile 7 Analyzer (SP7); Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA] by comparing it with two other analyzers, one for measuring lactate in whole ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · October 1991
By analyzing whole blood containing no anticoagulants (uncoagulated whole blood) immediately after collection, we evaluated the relative changes in the concentrations of ionized calcium and other electrolytes in whole blood collected in dry heparinized syr ...
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Journal ArticleMetabolism · August 1991
Because the effects of specific changes in magnesium or protein-bound calcium on biologic processes in humans have not been clearly defined, we developed an experimental system to specifically lower either ionized calcium, protein-bound calcium, or ionized ...
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Journal ArticleCrit Rev Clin Lab Sci · 1991
With the renewed awareness of blood lactate as an indicator of circulatory impairment, there has been much interest in the use of lactate measurements to determine the overall state of oxygenation of patients in critical care. This review begins by coverin ...
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Journal ArticleClinical Chemistry · January 1, 1990
We compared relative increases in creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) after reperfusion in myocardial infarction for four popular methods: electrophoresis, immunoinhibition, the "Magic Lite" (Ciba-Corning) system, and the Stratus (Dade). In a ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · November 1989
Characteristics of CK-MB, the MB1 and MB2 isoforms, and the MB2/MB1 ratio are described in six acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in whom the infarct-related artery was identified and, after intervention, normal coronary flow was re-established. Af ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · June 1989
We have studied, both in vitro and in vivo, the quantitative effects of lactic acid production on concentrations of ionized calcium, bound calcium, pH, bicarbonate, and albumin. To do so, we examined the effects of addition of aqueous solutions of either h ...
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Journal ArticleTransfusion · 1989
Measurements of ionized and total calcium levels in supernatant plasma samples from citrated platelet concentrates (PCs) were made over 7 days of storage. Both ionized and total calcium increased significantly during the storage period: respectively, from ...
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Journal ArticleMagnesium · 1988
We evaluated an automated method for measuring total magnesium in serum, plasma, or urine that utilizes dry multilayered thin-film reagents and reflectance photometry for use on the Kodak Ektachem 400 analyzer. Comparison of magnesium results by this metho ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · October 1986
We studied 16 patients undergoing open-heart surgery and heart-lung bypass, to examine the relationship between ionized calcium and lactate. Blood was sampled at successive stages of the operation for measurement of ionized and total calcium, lactate, bloo ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · August 1986
To determine if bias between different ionized calcium analyzers could be decreased, we analyzed 10 control fluids during a study in which ionized calcium was measured in more than 150 serum and whole-blood samples. After calibrating three ionized calcium ...
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Journal ArticlePathologist · January 1, 1986
Several new clinical chemistry analyzers may be operated on a desk top and need only an electrical connection for operation. Many of their features make them well-suited to in-office testing. Data about their cost, throughput, and operation are provided, a ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · August 1985
We analyzed 93 sera and 81 whole-blood samples, plus several aqueous materials and one serum-based material as controls, with two analyzers for ionized calcium (Radiometer ICA 1 and AVL 980). On 16 days, comparisons of results for patients' samples were go ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Endocrinol Metab · May 1985
To study the relationships between changes in concentrations of different forms of calcium and the responses of immunoreactive PTH in humans during citrate-induced hypocalcemia, we studied 12 healthy donors undergoing continuous flow plateletapheresis. Con ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · April 1984
We studied the stability of ionized calcium and pH in samples stored at either room temperature or 4 degrees C, in centrifuged and uncentrifuged blood-collection tubes and in centrifuged tubes containing a silicone-separator gel (SST tubes). At room temper ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Clin Biochem · November 1983
Total, ultrafiltrable (Worthington 'Ultrafree'), dialysable and ionised (Orion SS-20) calcium levels were measured in 110 serum samples selected randomly from patients for whom total calcium was ordered as a routine test. The available medical records were ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · April 1983
We evaluated an automated dry-slide enzymatic method involving creatinine iminohydrolase for measurement of creatinine in serum with the Kodak Ektachem analyzer. The means (and SD) for three commercially available quality-control sera, analyzed during eigh ...
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Journal ArticleTransfusion · 1983
In order to relate changes in protein-bound and complex-bound calcium to levels of citrate and secretion of parathyroid hormone during mild hypocalcemia, total, ultrafiltrable, and ionized calcium were measured in 13 apparently healthy donors during platel ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · January 1982
We describe an enzymic method for conveniently measuring citrate in serum or urine. Interfering enzyme proteins are removed by a disposable ultrafilter ("Ultrafree"; Worthington Diagnostics), obviating the need for hazardous protein precipitants. A 50 mmol ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · March 1981
We evaluated a commercially-available disposable device ("Ultrafree," Worthington Diagnostics) for the anaerobic preparation of protein-free ultrafiltrates from serum for measurement of ultrafiltrable calcium. Sufficient filtrate for the analysis is obtain ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · October 1980
We adapted a method for dialyzable calcium from fluorometric detection by use of calcein to a more specific spectrophotometric determination with cresolphthalein complexone. The reagents are available commercially and perform satisfactorily with respect to ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · November 1979
We describe modifications to the original continuous-flow procedure for dialyzable calcium (Clin. Chem. 23: 1258, 1977) needed to make the method more suitable for routine clinical laboratory use. The modifications simplify the continuous-flow (AutoAnalyze ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · October 1979
We measured total and dialyzable calcium concentrations in consecutive sera submitted for routine lithium analysis. Of 98 samples from 61 different individuals, six (6.1%) total calcium results and 32 (33%) dialyzable calcium results were above the respect ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · December 1977
Gel filtration of serum by use of dextran bisacrylamide beads ("Sephacryl S-200," fractionation range: 5000-250 000 daltons), separates the serum proteins into three distinct peaks. We used an eluent containing (per liter) 140 mmol of sodium, 1.10 mmol of ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · July 1977
We describe a procedure for measuring dialyzable calcium in 60 sera per hour with use of AutoAnalyzer (Technicon) modules. The serum is buffered, then dialyzed in a regular 6-inch (15-cm) dialysis block. A constant proportion of the dialyzable calcium is f ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chem · December 1976
Gel filtration of serum by use of polyacrylamide beads (Biogel P-2) separates total colcium into four distinct peaks: an initial peak, corresponding to protein-bound calcium; a second peak containing the calcium complexes of citrate, phosphate, lactate, an ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Clin Lab Sci · 1976
Four tests for the evaluation of lead poisoning are reviewed from both the clinical and methodological aspects. Whole blood or erythrocyte lead measurements appear to provide the best means of assessing the bodily burden of lead with electrothermal and Del ...
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