Scholars@Duke
Ronald Norman Goldberg

Ronald Norman Goldberg

Dorothy J. Shaad/Angus M. McBryde, Sr. Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Pediatrics, Neonatology
ronald.goldberg@duke.edu
Box 2739 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
2400 Pratt St., Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Trends in sex differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm infants.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · September 20, 2024 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-26 months' corrected age from 1999 to 2018 differed between male and female infants. DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study used data fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation Lead to Severe Growth Failure in Infants.

Journal Article Ann Surg · September 1, 2024 OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the incidence of growth failure in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) and whether initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage (PD) impacted the likelihood of growth fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreasing Blood Transfusions in Premature Infants Through Quality Improvement.

Journal Article Pediatrics · August 1, 2024 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Packed red blood cell transfusions (pRBCT) in preterm infants have been associated with significant morbidity. Although infants <26 weeks' gestational age typically require several pRBCT, preterm infants born between 26 and 34 we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic Differences between Spontaneous versus Indicated Extreme Preterm Birth.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · July 10, 2024 OBJECTIVE:  Extremely preterm infants are at high risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Extreme preterm birth (PTB) may result from spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes or may be indicated due to preeclampsia, eclampsia, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social distancing and extremely preterm births in the initial COVID-19 pandemic period.

Journal Article J Perinatol · July 2024 HYPOTHESIS: Increased social distancing was associated with a lower incidence of extremely preterm live births (EPLB) during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study at the NICHD Neonatal Research Network sites comparing EPLB ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk or Preterm Infant Formula: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · February 20, 2024 IMPORTANCE: Maternal milk feeding of extremely preterm infants during the birth hospitalization has been associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with preterm formula. For infants receiving no or minimal maternal milk, it is unknown whet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors and epidemiology of spontaneous intestinal perforation among infants born at 22-24 weeks' gestational age.

Journal Article J Perinatol · January 2024 OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, risk factors, and timing of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) among infants born at 22-24 weeks' gestational age (GA). STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort study among infants born at 22-24 weeks' GA in 446 neo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of term reference infants in assessing the developmental outcome of extremely preterm infants: lessons learned in a multicenter study.

Journal Article J Perinatol · November 2023 OBJECTIVE: Extremely preterm (EP) impairment rates are likely underestimated using the Bayley III norm-based thresholds scores and may be better assessed relative to concurrent healthy term reference (TR) infants born in the same hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Bl ... Full text Link to item Cite

20-αHydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol in human breast milk, reverses mouse neonatal white matter injury through Gli-dependent oligodendrogenesis.

Journal Article Cell Stem Cell · August 3, 2023 White matter injuries (WMIs) are the leading cause of neurologic impairment in infants born premature. There are no treatment options available. The most common forms of WMIs in infants occur prior to the onset of normal myelination, making its pathophysio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2023 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation in National Institute of Child Heal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cortisol awakening response and developmental outcomes at 6-7 years in children born extremely preterm.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · February 2023 BACKGROUND: Extremely preterm (EPT) birth has been related to dysregulation of stress responses and behavioral/learning problems at school age. Early adverse experiences can blunt HPA axis reactivity. We hypothesized that an attenuated cortisol awakening r ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of betamethasone on the amplitude integrated EEG of infants born at 34- or 35-weeks gestation.

Journal Article J Perinatol · December 2022 OBJECTIVE: Assess if maternal betamethasone administration at 34-35 weeks accelerated neonatal amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) maturation. STUDY DESIGN: Nested, observational cohort in 7 centers participating in the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroid randomize ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential missed opportunities for antenatal corticosteroid exposure and outcomes among periviable births: observational cohort study.

Journal Article BJOG · May 24, 2022 OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis potential missed opportunities for antenatal corticosteroids increase as gestational age decreases and are associated with adverse outcomes. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: 24 US centers in the Neonatal Research ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · March 24, 2022 BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a prevalent complication after extremely preterm birth. Inflammation with mechanical ventilation may contribute to its development. Whether hydrocortisone treatment after the second postnatal week can improve survi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proceedings of the 13th International Newborn Brain Conference: Neuro-imaging studies.

Journal Article Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · January 2022 Full text Cite

Survival, Morbidities, and Developmental Outcomes among Low Birth Weight Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · November 2021 OBJECTIVE: Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We sought to describe survival, inhospital morbidities, and 2-year neurodevelopmental follow-up in LBW ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth Rates of Infants Randomized to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Intubation After Extremely Preterm Birth.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 2021 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of early treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on nutritional intake and in-hospital growth rates of extremely preterm (EPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: EPT infants (240/7-276/7 weeks of gestation) enrolled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · May 2021 OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (WWLST) for extremely low gestational age neonates. DESIGN: Observational study of prospectively collected registry data from ... Full text Link to item Cite

Umbilical Cord Milking vs Delayed Cord Clamping and Associations with In-Hospital Outcomes among Extremely Premature Infants.

Conference J Pediatr · May 2021 OBJECTIVE: To compare in-hospital outcomes after umbilical cord milking vs delayed cord clamping among infants <29 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective study of infants born <29 weeks of gestation from 2016 to 2018 without congenital ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of supplemental hydrocortisone in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Journal Article J Perinatol · April 2021 OBJECTIVE: Characterize association between hydrocortisone receipt and hospital outcomes of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of infants ≥34 weeks with PPHN who received inhaled nitric oxide at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Limitations of Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Death or Disability Following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Late Hypothermia Trial.

Journal Article J Pediatr · March 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate predictor for death or moderate-severe disability at 18-22 months of age among infants with neonatal encephalopathy in a trial of cooling initiated at 6-24 hours. STUDY DESIGN: Su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Augmented Reality-Assisted Video Laryngoscopy and Simulated Neonatal Intubations: A Pilot Study.

Journal Article Pediatrics · March 2021 BACKGROUND: For novice providers, achieving competency in neonatal intubation is becoming increasingly difficult, possibly because of fewer intubation opportunities. In the present study, we compared intubation outcomes on manikins using direct laryngoscop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood myo-inositol concentrations in preterm and term infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · February 2021 OBJECTIVE: To describe relationship between cord blood (representing fetal) myo-inositol concentrations and gestational age (GA) and to determine trends of blood concentrations in enterally and parenterally fed infants from birth to 70 days of age. DESIGN/ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic variation in dopamine neurotransmission and motor development of infants born extremely-low-birthweight.

Journal Article Dev Med Child Neurol · June 2020 AIM: To determine if genetic variation associated with decreased dopamine neurotransmission predicts a decrease in motor development in a convenience cohort study of infants born extremely-low-birthweight (ELBW). METHOD: Four hundred and ninety-eight infan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the United States From 2002 to 2016.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · June 1, 2020 IMPORTANCE: Racial/ethnic disparities in quality of care among extremely preterm infants are associated with adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether racial/ethnic disparities in major outcomes and key care practices were changing over time among ext ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavior Profiles at 2 Years for Children Born Extremely Preterm with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2020 OBJECTIVE: To characterize behavior of 2-year-old children based on the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). STUDY DESIGN: We studied children born at 22-26 weeks of gestation and assessed at 22-26 months of corrected age with the Child Behavior C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Timing of postnatal steroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: association with pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Journal Article J Perinatol · April 2020 OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations between age at first postnatal corticosteroids (PNS) exposure and risk for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of 951 infants born <27 weeks ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants with a Need for Child Protective Services Supervision.

Journal Article J Pediatr · December 2019 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with need for Child Protective Services (CPS) supervision at hospital discharge compared with those discharged without CPS supervision. STUDY DESIGN: For infants born at <27 weeks of ges ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Genocentric Approach to Discovery of Mendelian Disorders.

Journal Article Am J Hum Genet · November 7, 2019 The advent of inexpensive, clinical exome sequencing (ES) has led to the accumulation of genetic data from thousands of samples from individuals affected with a wide range of diseases, but for whom the underlying genetic and molecular etiology of their cli ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Gastrostomy Tube Feeding in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants: Frequency, Associated Comorbidities, and Long-term Outcomes.

Journal Article J Pediatr · November 2019 OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of gastrostomy tube (GT) placement in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, associated comorbidities, and long-term outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of ELBW infants from 25 centers enrolled in the National Institute ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inadequate oral feeding as a barrier to discharge in moderately preterm infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · September 2019 OBJECTIVES: The objectives describe the frequency that inadequate oral feeding (IOF) is the reason why moderately preterm (MPT) infants remain hospitalized and its association with neonatal morbidities. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study using the NICHD Neona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disrupted Maturation of the Microbiota and Metabolome among Extremely Preterm Infants with Postnatal Growth Failure.

Journal Article Sci Rep · June 3, 2019 Growth failure during infancy is a major global problem that has adverse effects on long-term health and neurodevelopment. Preterm infants are disproportionately affected by growth failure and its effects. Herein we found that extremely preterm infants wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between Policy Changes for Oxygen Saturation Alarm Settings and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Infants Born Very Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · June 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of policy changes for pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) alarm limits on neonatal mortality and morbidity among infants born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born very pret ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic variants associated with patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · March 2019 OBJECTIVE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a commonly observed condition in preterm infants. Prior studies have suggested a role for genetics in determining spontaneous ductal closure. Using samples from a large neonatal cohort we tested the hypothesis t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutations in NCAPG2 Cause a Severe Neurodevelopmental Syndrome that Expands the Phenotypic Spectrum of Condensinopathies.

Journal Article Am J Hum Genet · January 3, 2019 The use of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing has been a catalyst for a genotype-first approach to diagnostics. Under this paradigm, we have implemented systematic sequencing of neonates and young children with a suspected genetic disorder. Here, we r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Behavioral Deficits at 18-22 Months of Age Are Associated with Early Cerebellar Injury and Cognitive and Language Performance in Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations in toddlers born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) between neonatal neuroimaging and 18- to 22-month developmental and behavioral outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort analysis from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute ... Full text Link to item Cite

Weaning of Moderately Preterm Infants from the Incubator to the Crib: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2019 OBJECTIVE: To assess whether length of hospital stay is decreased among moderately preterm infants weaned from incubator to crib at a lower vs higher weight. STUDY DESIGN: This trial was conducted in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Journal Article J Neonatal Perinatal Med · 2019 BACKGROUND: The intranasal route is a minimally invasive method for rapidly delivering midazolam and fentanyl to provide short-term analgesia and sedation in infants. However, intranasal use of midazolam and fentanyl is not labeled for infants and safety d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of preterm infants treated with hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Early Hum Dev · October 2018 BACKGROUND: Therapeutic hypothermia reduces the risk of death, or moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Reports of its safety and efficacy in preterm infants are scarce. OBJECTIVE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prolonged furosemide exposure and risk of abnormal newborn hearing screen in premature infants.

Journal Article Early Hum Dev · October 2018 BACKGROUND: At very high doses, furosemide is linked to ototoxicity in adults, but little is known about the risk of hearing loss in premature infants exposed to furosemide. AIMS: Evaluate the association between prolonged furosemide exposure and abnormal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal Susceptibility and Clinical Outcome in Neonatal Candidiasis.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · September 2018 BACKGROUND: Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of sepsis in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW, < 1000 g), is often fatal, and frequently results in neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among survivors. We sought to assess the antifungal minim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extreme Preterm Infant Rates of Overweight and Obesity at School Age in the SUPPORT Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Cohort.

Journal Article J Pediatr · September 2018 OBJECTIVE: To identify rates of overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) at 6-7 years of age and associated risk factors among extremely preterm infants born at <28 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Anthropomet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preterm Neuroimaging and School-Age Cognitive Outcomes.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children born extremely preterm are at risk for cognitive difficulties and disability. The relative prognostic value of neonatal brain MRI and cranial ultrasound (CUS) for school-age outcomes remains unclear. Our objectives were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental Impairment Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Research Network.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 2018 OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcome in a contemporary cohort of extremely preterm infants. We hypothesize that the rate of severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) decreases over time. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of neurod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome of Preterm Infants with Transient Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia on Serial Cranial Imaging Up to Term Equivalent Age.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of preterm infants whose cystic periventricular leukomalacia "disappeared" on serial screening cranial imaging studies. STUDY DESIGN: Infants ≤26 weeks of gestation born between 2002 and 2012 who had cranial imaging stud ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antecedents and Outcomes of Abnormal Cranial Imaging in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and findings of cranial imaging in moderately preterm infants (born at 290/7-336/7 weeks of gestation) across centers, and to examine the association between abnormal imaging and clinical characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delivery Room Resuscitation and Short-Term Outcomes in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and extent of delivery room resuscitation and evaluate the association of delivery room resuscitation with neonatal outcomes in moderately preterm (MPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Admission Temperature and Associated Mortality and Morbidity among Moderately and Extremely Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2018 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the temperature distribution among moderately preterm (MPT, 29-33 weeks) and extremely preterm (EPT, <29 weeks) infants upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in 2012-2013, the change in admission temperature distribution ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes in Extremely Premature Neonates With Ventriculomegaly in the Absence of Periventricular-Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Journal Article JAMA Pediatr · January 1, 2018 IMPORTANCE: Studies of cranial ultrasonography and early childhood outcomes among cohorts of extremely preterm neonates have linked periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · January 2018 BACKGROUND: Antenatal corticosteroids are given primarily to induce fetal lung maturation but results from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have not shown mortality or pulmonary benefits for extremely preterm infants although these are the inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of Preterm Infants following Discussions about Withdrawal or Withholding of Life Support.

Journal Article J Pediatr · November 2017 OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of postnatal discussions about withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining therapy (WWLST), ensuing WWLST, and outcomes of infants surviving such discussions. We hypothesized that such survivors have poor outcomes. ST ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia Initiated After 6 Hours of Age on Death or Disability Among Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · October 24, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Hypothermia initiated at less than 6 hours after birth reduces death or disability for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at 36 weeks' or later gestation. To our knowledge, hypothermia trials have not been performed in infants present ... Full text Link to item Cite

Markers of Successful Extubation in Extremely Preterm Infants, and Morbidity After Failed Extubation.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 2017 OBJECTIVES: To identify variables associated with successful elective extubation, and to determine neonatal morbidities associated with extubation failure in extremely preterm neonates. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a secondary analysis of the National Inst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association study of sepsis in extremely premature infants.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · September 2017 OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic variants associated with sepsis (early-onset and late-onset) using a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis in a cohort of extremely premature infants. STUDY DESIGN: Previously generated GWA data from the Neonatal Research Ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between Use of Prophylactic Indomethacin and the Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 2017 OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between prophylactic indomethacin and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a recent, large cohort of extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data for infants with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patterns of Oxygenation, Mortality, and Growth Status in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial Cohort.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 2017 OBJECTIVE: To characterize actual achieved patterns of oxygenation in infants born appropriate vs small for gestational age (SGA) randomized to a lower (85-89%) vs higher (91%-95%) oxygen saturation target in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Tri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperglycaemia in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is associated with improved outcomes after therapeutic hypothermia: a post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · July 2017 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether glycaemic profile is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and with response to hypothermia after perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study. SETTING: 25 perinatal cen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Periviable Infants.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · February 16, 2017 BACKGROUND: Data reported during the past 5 years indicate that rates of survival have increased among infants born at the borderline of viability, but less is known about how increased rates of survival among these infants relate to early childhood neurod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes among periviable infants

Journal Article Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey · January 1, 2017 Full text Cite

Growth Outcomes of Preterm Infants Exposed to Different Oxygen Saturation Target Ranges from Birth.

Journal Article J Pediatr · September 2016 OBJECTIVE: To test whether infants randomized to a lower oxygen saturation (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation [SpO2]) target range while on supplemental oxygen from birth will have better growth velocity from birth to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Advantages of Bayesian monitoring methods in deciding whether and when to stop a clinical trial: an example of a neonatal cooling trial.

Journal Article Trials · July 22, 2016 BACKGROUND: Decisions to stop randomized trials are often based on traditional P value thresholds and are often unconvincing to clinicians. To familiarize clinical investigators with the application and advantages of Bayesian monitoring methods, we illustr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood Cytokine Profiles Associated with Distinct Patterns of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 2016 OBJECTIVE: To explore differences in blood cytokine profiles among distinct bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) patterns. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated blood spots collected from 943 infants born at ≤1000 g and surviving to 28 days on postnatal days 1, 3, 7, 14, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely premature infants born near the limit of viability.

Journal Article Early Hum Dev · April 2016 BACKGROUND: Infants born near the limit of viability are at high risk for death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. It is unclear whether these outcomes have improved over the past 15 years. AIM: To determine if death and neurodevelopmental impairment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sustained Reduction in Bloodstream Infections in Infants at a Large Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Journal Article Adv Neonatal Care · February 2016 BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSI) cause significant morbidity and mortality among hospitalized infants. PURPOSE: Reduction of BSIs has emerged as an important patient safety goal. Implementation of central line insertion bundles, standardized line c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chorioamnionitis and Culture-Confirmed, Early-Onset Neonatal Infections.

Journal Article Pediatrics · January 2016 BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease recommend diagnostic evaluations and empirical antibiotic therapy for well-appearing, chorioamnionitis-exposed newborns. Some clinicians question these recommendations, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genes and environment in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage.

Journal Article Semin Perinatol · December 2015 Emerging data suggest intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the preterm neonate is a complex disorder with contributions from both the environment and the genome. Environmental analyses suggest factors mediating both cerebral blood flow and angiogenesis con ... Full text Link to item Cite

Definitions of cardiovascular insufficiency and relation to outcomes in critically ill newborn infants.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · September 2015 BACKGROUND: We previously reported on the overall incidence, management, and outcomes in infants with cardiovascular insufficiency (CVI). However, there are limited data on the relationship of the specific different definitions of CVI to short-term outcome ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medicaid policy changes and its detrimental effects on neonatal reimbursement and care

Journal Article Journal of Health Care Finance · September 1, 2015 BACKGROUND: In 2008, North Carolina Medicaid changed the way it classified neonatal care by adopting the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) classification system. By changing the classification syste ... Cite

Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with unfavourable outcome in infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: A post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study

Journal Article Archives of Disease in Childhood · August 17, 2015 © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. All rights reserved. Objective To investigate the association of neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia with outcomes in infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) ... Full text Cite

Developmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants born to adolescent mothers.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2015 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Extremely preterm infants and infants born to adolescent mothers are at risk for adverse developmental. The objectives were to evaluate development and behavior outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants born to adoles ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting neonatal intubation competency in trainees.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 2015 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric residency training programs are graduating residents who are not competent in neonatal intubation, a vital skill needed for any pediatrician involved in delivery room resuscitations. However, a precise definition of com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of a palliative care program on end-of-life care in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Journal Article J Perinatol · March 2015 OBJECTIVE: Evaluate changes in end-of-life care following initiation of a palliative care program in a neonatal intensive care unit. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study comparing infant deaths before and after implementation of a Palliative Care Program comp ... Full text Link to item Cite

PaCO2 in surfactant, positive pressure, and oxygenation randomised trial (SUPPORT).

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · March 2015 OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide PaCO2 with severe intraventricular haemorrhage (sIVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-22 months in premature infants. DE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants from 2000 through 2011.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · January 22, 2015 BACKGROUND: Understanding the causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants may guide research efforts and inform the counseling of families. METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data on 6075 deaths among 22,248 live births, with gestat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Ameliorate Motor Deficits in Rabbits in a Cerebral Palsy Model.

Journal Article Dev Neurosci · 2015 Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant impact on both patients and society, but therapy is limited. Human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC), containing various stem and progenitor cells, have been used to treat various brain genetic conditions. In small an ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of depth and duration of cooling on deaths in the NICU among neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial.

Journal Article JAMA · December 24, 2014 IMPORTANCE: Hypothermia at 33.5°C for 72 hours for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy reduces death or disability to 44% to 55%; longer cooling and deeper cooling are neuroprotective in animal models. OBJECTIVE: To determine if longer duration coolin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiovascular insufficiency in critically ill term and late preterm newborn infants.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · November 2014 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the incidence, management, and short-term outcomes of cardiovascular insufficiency (CVI) in mechanically ventilated newborns, evaluating four separate prespecified definitions. STUDY DESIGN: Multic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antenatal magnesium sulfate and spontaneous intestinal perforation in infants less than 25 weeks gestation.

Journal Article J Perinatol · November 2014 OBJECTIVE: Evaluate spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP)/death among extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants before, during and after initiation of an antenatal magnesium for neuroprotection protocol (MgPro). STUDY DESIGN: We tested associations betwe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary artery thrombus in a premature neonate treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

Journal Article J Perinatol · July 2014 Pulmonary artery thrombus is a rarely reported complication in premature neonates. The management of life-threatening thrombotic events in neonates is controversial, especially regarding the use of thrombolytics versus anticoagulation alone for treatment. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of autologous cord blood cells for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 2014 OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility and safety of providing autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells to neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled infants in the intensive care nursery who were cooled for HIE and had ava ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Feeding practices and other risk factors for developing transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis.

Journal Article Early Hum Dev · May 2014 AIMS: The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of and risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and transfusion-associated NEC (TANEC) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants pre/post implementation of a peri-transfusion feeding pro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein E genotype and outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · March 2014 BACKGROUND: Adults with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene alleles e4 and e2 are at high risk of poor neurological outcome after brain injury. The e4 allele has been associated with cerebral palsy (CP), and the e2 allele has been associated with worse neurol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal intensive care unit handoffs: a pilot study on core elements and epidemiology of errors.

Journal Article J Perinatol · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: To define the core data elements of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) handoff compare NICU residents' written and verbal handoff data with real-time, auto-populated data and identify the epidemiology of handoff errors. STUDY DESIGN: We defin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and morbidity of VLBW infants with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18.

Journal Article Pediatrics · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: Little is known about how very low birth weight (VLBW) affects survival and morbidities among infants with trisomy 13 (T13) or trisomy 18 (T18). We examined the care plans for VLBW infants with T13 or T18 and compared their risks of mortality an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Serum tocopherol levels in very preterm infants after a single dose of vitamin E at birth.

Journal Article Pediatrics · December 2013 OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the impact of a single enteral dose of vitamin E on serum tocopherol levels. The study was undertaken to see whether a single dose of vitamin E soon after birth can rapidly increase the low α-tocopherol levels seen in very ... Full text Link to item Cite

A newborn with an anorectal malformation.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with Candida infection.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 2013 OBJECTIVE: Candida remains an important cause of late-onset infection in preterm infants. Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants enrolled in the Candida study were evaluated based on infection status. STUDY DE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of low-dose dopamine on urine output in normotensive very low birth weight neonates.

Journal Article J Perinatol · August 2013 OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of low-dose dopamine on urine output (UOP) in very low birth weight premature neonates. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of all low-dose (3-5 μg kg(-1) per min) dopamine infusions >24-h duration in neonates 1500 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood stream infection is associated with altered heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immune responses in very low birth weight infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · August 2013 OBJECTIVE: Sepsis in older children and adults modifies immune system function. We compared serotype-specific antibody responses to heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g,VLBWs) with and without blood st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual and center-level factors affecting mortality among extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 2013 OBJECTIVE: To examine factors affecting center differences in mortality for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. METHODS: We analyzed data for 5418 ELBW infants born at 16 Neonatal Research Network centers during 2006-2009. The primary outcomes of ea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of antihypotensive therapies in extremely preterm infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2013 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among blood pressure (BP) values, antihypotensive therapies, and in-hospital outcomes to identify a BP threshold below which antihypotensive therapies may be beneficial. METHODS: Prospective observational study o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early sepsis does not increase the risk of late sepsis in very low birth weight neonates.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 2013 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have an increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS) following early-onset sepsis (EOS). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of VLBW infants (401-1500 g) born September 1998 through D ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perinatal factors associated with poor neurocognitive outcome in early school age congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · April 2013 OBJECTIVE: Determine predictors of neurocognitive outcome in early school age congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of infants with CDH at Duke University Medical Center. Neurocognitive delay (NCD) at school age ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between blood spot transforming growth factor-β and patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low-birth weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatr Cardiol · January 2013 Permanent ductal closure involves anatomic remodeling, in which transforming growth factor (TGF)-β appears to play a role. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship, if any, between blood spot TGF-β on day 3 and day 7 of life and patent ductus arterio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain injury following trial of hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · November 2012 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between brain injury and outcome following neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Neonatal MRI scans were evaluated in the National Inst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of inborn vs. outborn delivery on neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: secondary analyses of the NICHD whole-body cooling trial.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · October 2012 BACKGROUND: The effect of birth location on hypothermia-related outcomes has not been rigorously examined in the literature. In this study, we determined whether birth location had an impact on the benefits of whole-body cooling to 33.5 °C for 72 h in term ... Full text Link to item Cite

Empiric antifungal therapy and outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants with invasive candidiasis.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2012 OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of empiric antifungal therapy for invasive candidiasis on subsequent outcomes in premature infants. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cohort study of infants with a birth weight ≤ 1000 g receiving care at Neonatal Research Network si ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytokine profiles of preterm neonates with fungal and bacterial sepsis.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · August 2012 BACKGROUND: Information on cytokine profiles in fungal sepsis (FS), an important cause of mortality in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants, is lacking. We hypothesized that cytokine profiles in the first 21 d of life in ELBW infants with FS differ fro ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Approach to infants born at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation: relationship to outcomes of more-mature infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2012 OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if a center's approach to care of premature infants at the youngest gestational ages (22-24 weeks' gestation) is associated with clinical outcomes among infants of older gestational ages (25-27 weeks' gestation). METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phenobarbital and temperature profile during hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article J Child Neurol · April 2012 Data from the whole-body hypothermia trial was analyzed to examine the effects of phenobarbital administration prior to cooling (+PB) on the esophageal temperature (T (e)) profile, during the induction phase of hypothermia. A total of 98 infants were analy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of encephalopathy during whole body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2012 OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive ability of stage of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) for death or moderate/severe disability at 18 months among neonates undergoing hypothermia. STUDY DESIGN: Stage of encephalopathy was evaluated at <6 hours of ag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes following candiduria in extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 1, 2012 BACKGROUND: Candidiasis carries a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW; <1000 g). We sought to determine the impact of candiduria in ELBW preterm infants. METHODS: Our study was a seco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Temperature profile and outcomes of neonates undergoing whole body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Pediatr Crit Care Med · January 2012 BACKGROUND: Decreases below the target temperature were noted among neonates undergoing cooling in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Trial of whole body hypothermia for neonatal hy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of antenatal corticosteroids with mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation.

Journal Article JAMA · December 7, 2011 CONTEXT: Current guidelines, initially published in 1995, recommend antenatal corticosteroids for mothers with preterm labor from 24 to 34 weeks' gestational age, but not before 24 weeks due to lack of data. However, many infants born before 24 weeks' gest ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytokines and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · December 2011 OBJECTIVE: To determine if selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or mediators of inflammation reported to be related to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) predict neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictive value of an early amplitude integrated electroencephalogram and neurologic examination.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 2011 OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive validity of the amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and stage of encephalopathy among infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) eligible for therapeutic whole-body hypothermia. DESIGN: Neonates wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with bidirectional flow in neonates.

Journal Article Early Hum Dev · May 2011 BACKGROUND: Patent ductus arteriosus is a common occurrence among prematurely born neonates and is believed to play a role in the development of other complications of prematurity including intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B Streptococcal and E. coli disease continues.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 2011 BACKGROUND: Guidelines for prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection have successfully reduced early onset (EO) GBS disease. Study results suggest that Escherichia coli is an important EO pathogen. OBJECTIVE: To determine EO infection rates, path ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypocarbia and adverse outcome in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 2011 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between early hypocarbia and 18- to 22-month outcome among neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombinant activated factor VIIa treatment for refractory hemorrhage in infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · March 2011 OBJECTIVE: Report clinical response to recombinant factor VIIa in a cohort of critically ill infants. STUDY DESIGN: We identified all infants who received factor VIIa in the Duke Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2005 and July 2008. Hematologica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical seizures in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have no independent impact on neurodevelopmental outcome: secondary analyses of data from the neonatal research network hypothermia trial.

Journal Article J Child Neurol · March 2011 It remains controversial as to whether neonatal seizures have additional direct effects on the developing brain separate from the severity of the underlying encephalopathy. Using data collected from infants diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Beyond bacteria: a study of the enteric microbial consortium in extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants have high morbidity and mortality, frequently due to invasive infections from bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The microbial communities present in the gastrointestinal tracts of preterm infants may serve as a reservo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infrared thermal imaging (thermography) of the abdomen in extremely low birthweight infants.

Journal Article Journal of Surgical Radiology · October 2010 Introduction. Infrared thermal imaging (thermography) is a non-invasive method to measure skin temperature. The primary aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of thermography for the assessment of abdominal skin temperature in extremely low birth ... Link to item Cite

Neonatal candidiasis: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical judgment.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 2010 OBJECTIVE: Invasive candidiasis is a leading cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight (<1000-g) infants. We quantified risk factors that predict infection in premature infants at high risk and compared clinical judgm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

Journal Article Pediatrics · September 2010 OBJECTIVE: This report presents data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network on care of and morbidity and mortality rates for very low birth weight infants, according to gestational ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunogenicity in very-low-birth-weight, premature infants.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · July 2010 BACKGROUND: The heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) has been incompletely studied in very-low-birth-weight (< or =1500 g) infants. OBJECTIVE: To assess PCV-7 immunogenicity in very-low-birth-weight, premature infants. We hypothesized ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protocolized approach to the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: benefits of reducing variability in care.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · June 2010 PURPOSE: Variable approaches to the care of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) by multiple providers may contribute to inconsistent care. Our institution developed a comprehensive evidence-based protocol to standardize the management of CDH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · May 27, 2010 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of retinopathy is lower in preterm infants with exposure to reduced levels of oxygenation than in those exposed to higher levels of oxygenation. However, it is unclear what range of oxygen satu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and effectiveness of indomethacin versus ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · May 2010 We compared the rates of medical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and complications (renal dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, spontaneous intestinal perforation, and intraventricular hemorrhage) between infants treated with indomethacin and i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preliminary observations of the use of high-frequency jet ventilation as rescue therapy in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · April 2010 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with mortality of 10% to 50%. Several investigators have reported outcomes from centers using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in their management of CDH, but there are no recent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Digital microfluidics: a future technology in the newborn screening laboratory?

Journal Article Semin Perinatol · April 2010 Expansion of newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry has generated interest in screening for other treatable conditions, including lysosomal storage diseases. Limitations to expansion include labor and equipment c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome of term infants using apgar scores at 10 minutes following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Pediatrics · December 2009 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether Apgar scores at 10 minutes are associated with death or disability in early childhood after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of infants who wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal vocal cord paralysis

Journal Article NeoReviews · December 1, 2009 Neonatal vocal cord paralysis (VCP) remains an important cause of acute and chronic respiratory compromise in infants. Despite a normal cry, infants who have bilateral VCP may present with marked respiratory distress, and emergency tracheostomy is a lifesa ... Full text Cite

Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia.

Journal Article J Perinatol · May 2009 OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the neonatal intensive care unit on total hospital cost.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · April 2009 The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is increasing in neonatal intensive care units. We determined the economic impact of isolating and cohorting MRSA-colonized neonates on total hospital cost at a 49-bed, level III-IV n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prolonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · January 2009 OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to identify factors associated with the duration of the first antibiotic course initiated in the first 3 postnatal days and to assess associations between the duration of the initial antibiotic course and subsequent necrotiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of safety and effectiveness in a multicenter randomized, controlled trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 2008 BACKGROUND: Whole-body hypothermia reduced the frequency of death or moderate/severe disabilities in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a randomized, controlled multicenter trial. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate outcomes of safety and eff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated temperature after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: risk factor for adverse outcomes.

Journal Article Pediatrics · September 2008 OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine whether the risk of death or moderate/severe disability in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy increases with relatively high esophageal or skin temperature occurring between 6 and 78 hours after birth. ME ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of medications for gastroesophageal reflux at discharge among extremely low birth weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · January 2008 OBJECTIVES: Our goals were (1) to determine the use of medications to treat gastroesophageal reflux in extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight of < 1000 g) at discharge; (2) to identify risk factors associated with the use of medications to treat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dynamic change of fecal calprotectin in very low birth weight infants during the first month of life.

Journal Article Neonatology · 2008 BACKGROUND: Calprotectin is a cytosolic component of neutrophils. Fecal calprotectin (FC) level is a useful marker for exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease in children. FC may be a useful marker for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). OBJECTIVE: To dete ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary fat for infants with enterostomies.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · November 2007 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Infants with enterostomies frequently have signs of short bowel syndrome. Our goal was to assess the effect of dietary lipids on ostomy output and weight gain in infants with enterostomies. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 10 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and summary of best-evidence practice strategies.

Journal Article J Perinatol · September 2007 OBJECTIVES: Recent reports suggest that specific care strategies improve survival of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This review presents details of care from centers reporting high rates of survival among CDH infants. STUDY DESIGN: We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhaled ethyl nitrite prevents hyperoxia-impaired postnatal alveolar development in newborn rats.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · August 1, 2007 RATIONALE: Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been used to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but with variable results. Ethyl nitrite (ENO) forms S-nitrosothiols more readily than does NO, and resists higher-order nitrogen oxide formation. Because S-nitrosyla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in an intensive care nursery: potential for interinstitutional spread.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · August 2007 BACKGROUND: After surveillance surveys documented the absence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in our intensive care nursery, an outbreak of MRSA infection occurred there during a 7-month period in 2005. METHODS: Control measures inclu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between early postnatal weight loss and death or BPD in small and appropriate for gestational age extremely low-birth-weight infants.

Journal Article J Perinatol · June 2007 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between weight loss during the first 10 days of life and the incidence of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) extremely low-birth-weigh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanical ventilation strategies in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Journal Article Semin Pediatr Surg · May 2007 Most infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) require respiratory support. The goal of this report is to present an overview of mechanical ventilation strategies in the management of infants with CDH. The anatomic and physiologic limitations in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting outcomes of neonates diagnosed with hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Journal Article Pediatrics · November 2006 OBJECTIVE: The goals were to identify predictor variables and to develop scoring systems and classification trees to predict death/disability or death in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from the multicenter ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association of third-generation cephalosporin use and invasive candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · August 2006 OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that incidence of invasive candidiasis varies substantially among centers, and previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a risk factor for candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants. Differences in center ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal candidiasis among extremely low birth weight infants: risk factors, mortality rates, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months.

Journal Article Pediatrics · January 2006 BACKGROUND: Neonatal candidiasis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Neurodevelopmental follow-up data for a large multicenter cohort have not been reported. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for neonates born at <1000 g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prolonged hospital stay for extremely premature infants: risk factors, center differences, and the impact of mortality on selecting a best-performing center.

Journal Article J Perinatol · October 2005 OBJECTIVE: The first objective was to identify factors associated with prolonged hospital stay (PHS: hospitalized >42 weeks postmenstrual age) in extremely premature (EP: born less than or equal to 28 weeks gestation) infants. The second objective was to i ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel inhaled organic nitrate that affects pulmonary vascular tone in a piglet model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · September 2005 Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance after birth leading to right-to-left shunting and systemic arterial hypoxemia. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is effective in reducing the need for extra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002-2003.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · July 2005 BACKGROUND: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS, occurring in the first 72 hours of life) remains an important cause of illness and death among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. We previously reported a change in the distribution of pathogens asso ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrathecal administration of a novel apoE-derived therapeutic peptide improves outcome following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Journal Article Neurosci Lett · June 24, 2005 Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury remains a significant clinical problem for which there remains no adequate therapeutic intervention. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 299 amino acid protein that has been demonstrated to modify functional recovery follow ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in mortality and morbidities among infants born at less than 25 weeks during the post-surfactant era.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · March 2005 OBJECTIVES: To compare mortality and death or major morbidity (DOMM) among infants <25 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) born during two post-surfactant era time periods. STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Comparative cohort study of very low birthweight (501- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does labor influence neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely-low-birth-weight infants who are born by cesarean delivery?

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 2003 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of labor on extremely-low-birth-weight infants who were born by cesarean delivery with reference to neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We hypothesized that infants who are born by ces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhaled ethyl nitrite gas for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Journal Article Lancet · July 13, 2002 Inhaled nitric oxide is used to alleviate pulmonary hypertension and hypoxaemia, but generates toxic free radicals and oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)), which can cause rebound-hypoxia and additional pulmonary and other morbidity. To address these problems, we a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic indomethacin in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Journal Article Ann Pharmacother · February 2002 OBJECTIVE: To perform cost-effectiveness analysis to facilitate the decision-making process surrounding use of indomethacin in preterm infants to lower the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and death. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

S-nitrosothiol repletion by an inhaled gas regulates pulmonary function.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 8, 2001 NO synthases are widely distributed in the lung and are extensively involved in the control of airway and vascular homeostasis. It is recognized, however, that the O(2)-rich environment of the lung may predispose NO toward toxicity. These Janus faces of NO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, R15.7, on the cardiopulmonary manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 2000 We hypothesized that anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody, R15.7, a murine IgG(1) antibody which blocks leukocyte-endothelial cell adherence, might ameliorate the cardiopulmonary manifestations of sepsis secondary to group B streptococci (GBS). Twenty-six anesthe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of group B streptococci on piglet pulmonary artery response to bradykinin.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · January 1999 To study whether a sepsis-induced increase in des-Arg9-bradykinin (des-Arg9-BK) and bradykinin (BK) B1-receptor activity participates in the observed increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis (GBS), isometric force ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 1997 BACKGROUND: Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation and improves oxygenation in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension, its effects are variable. We hypothesized (1) that the response to iNO therapy is de ... Full text Link to item Cite

The pharmacokinetics of bumetanide in the newborn infant.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1997 This study characterizes the pharmacokinetics of bumetanide after an intravenous dose of 0.05 or 0.10 mg/kg to 14 neonates (weight range 820-4,000 g; gestational age 26-40 weeks) during the first week of life. Blood samples and urine were collected for up ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of treatment with pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · September 1996 Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine derivative which modifies leukocyte function and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release. As TNF-alpha is considered a proximal mediator in the cascade leading to septic shock, we evaluated the ability o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of ATP-magnesium chloride on the cardiopulmonary manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · April 1996 Low dose ATP-MgCl2 is reported to cause selective pulmonary vasodilation during hypoxic and thromboxane mimetic-induced constriction. In addition, it has been shown to increase cardiac output and improve cellular function during circulatory shock. Based on ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the hemodynamic manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · November 1995 IL-1 is purported to be a proximal mediator in the cascade leading to septic shock. To characterize its hemodynamic effects and to ascertain whether its blockade would ameliorate the deleterious consequences of sepsis, an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiopulmonary effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the piglet: influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1995 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is believed to play an important role in mediating many of the pathophysiologic changes accompanying bacterial sepsis. In order to characterize the cardiopulmonary responses to TNF in a young animal model and to determine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calorimetric determination of the standard transformed enthalpy of a biochemical reaction at specified pH and pMg.

Journal Article Biophys Chem · October 1993 In a biochemical reaction there is generally a change in the binding of hydrogen ions and metal ions. Therefore, calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of reaction have to be adjusted for the enthalpies of reaction of the hydrogen ions and metal ions prod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medications in neonatal resuscitation.

Journal Article Ann Emerg Med · February 1993 Medication usage in neonatal resuscitation has been largely extrapolated from adult resuscitation guidelines. Compared to older children and adults, newborn infants have major anatomical and physiological differences which affect their need for and respons ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medications in neonatal resuscitation

Journal Article Annals of Emergency Medicine · 1993 Medication usage in neonatal resuscitation has been largely extrapolated from adult resuscitation guidelines. Compared to older children and adults, newborn infants have major anatomical and physiological differences which affect their need for and respons ... Cite

Effects of pentoxifylline on the cardiovascular manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · June 1992 Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine that modifies leukocyte function and inhibits cytokine release. To evaluate its effects on the cardiovascular manifestations of sepsis secondary to group B streptococci, 14 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pig ... Full text Link to item Cite

A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · April 16, 1992 BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the retina in premature infants that may result in scarring, retinal detachment, and loss of vision. An association between this condition and the exposure of premature infa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effectiveness of a gentamicin dosing protocol based on postconceptional age: comparison to published neonatal guidelines.

Journal Article Ann Pharmacother · April 1992 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a gentamicin dosing protocol based on postconceptional age in producing therapeutic serum concentrations and to compare the protocol with commonly used gentamicin dosing guidelines. DESIGN: During the initial thr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on retinal and choroidal blood flow during hypercarbia in newborn piglets.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · February 1992 The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, on choroidal (ChBF) and retinal (RBF) blood flow during hypercarbia was examined in 16 paralyzed and mechanically ventilated piglets less than 8 d old. The animals were randomly assigned to a contro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemodynamic effects of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure and continuous positive airway pressure in piglets with normal lungs.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1992 The hemodynamic effects produced by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) of 4 and 8 cm H2O were compared in 8 normal, spontaneously breathing piglets. Arterial blood gases and hemodynamic measurem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemodynamic effects of conventional and high frequency oscillatory ventilation in normal and septic piglets.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1991 The cardiovascular effects of high frequency oscillation (HFO) and conventional ventilation (CMV) were evaluated in 10 piglets prior to and during an infusion of group B streptococci (GBS). Animals were randomized to begin ventilation with either HFO or CM ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic approaches to the infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Journal Article Respiratory Care · January 1, 1991 Cite

Effect of dialysate composition on the lipid response to L-carnitine supplementation.

Journal Article Kidney Int Suppl · November 1989 Cumulative carnitine losses through dialysis membranes may worsen hyperlipidemia during long-term hemodialysis. However, carnitine supplementation has not shown a consistent beneficial response in hyperlipidemia. We have compared in a double-blind, cross-o ... Link to item Cite

Pulmonary function in preterm infants whose lungs were ventilated conventionally or by high-frequency oscillation.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 1989 To test the hypothesis that high-frequency ventilation may reduce the risk of barotrauma and thus the incidence of chronic pulmonary damage in preterm infants who need mechanical ventilation, we measured lung function before discharge in 53 infants who nee ... Full text Link to item Cite

A calorimetric and equilibrium investigation of the hydrolysis of lactose.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 15, 1989 The thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose have been investigated using both high pressure liquid chromatography and heat-conduction microcalorimetry. The reaction was carried out over the temperature range 282-316 K and in 0. ... Link to item Cite

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · January 12, 1989 We conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of high-frequency ventilation with that of conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants. Of 673 preterm infants weighi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylactic indomethacin for prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 1988 The impact of early prophylactic use of intravenous indomethacin on the incidence and severity of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus in 199 oxygen-requiring premature infants (less than or equal to 1300 g birth weight) ... Link to item Cite

The role of leukotrienes in the late hemodynamic manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets.

Journal Article Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids · September 1988 In order to evaluate the role of leukotrienes in group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis we studied the effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist, FPL 57231, on the late hemodynamic changes occurring secondary to an infusion of live GBS. Paralyzed, mechanical ... Link to item Cite

Single-dose captopril scintigraphy in the neonate with renovascular hypertension: prediction of renal failure, a side effect of captopril therapy.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1988 Baseline and single-dose captopril scintigraphy with 1 mCi of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (or 99mTc-glucoheptonate) was performed in 5 neonates with renovascular hypertension. Unilateral renal artery thrombosis and/or renal infarction was ass ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of distal endotracheal bias flow on PaCO2 during high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1988 In order to evaluate the effect of distal endotracheal bias flow during HFOV on PaCO2 we studied adult rabbits with normal lungs and those who had meconium-induced lung dysfunction. Animals were studied while 1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 ml/kg tidal volumes (VT) were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of thiopental in the asphyxiated neonate.

Journal Article Dev Pharmacol Ther · 1988 The pharmacokinetic properties of thiopental were studied in 10 asphyxiated neonates (mean +/- SE; birth weight, 3,244 +/- 212 g; gestational age, 40 +/- 1 weeks) as part of a randomized, controlled trial which tested the ability of barbiturate therapy to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products on pulmonary function in group B streptococcal sepsis.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · October 1987 The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and the leukotriene receptor antagonist, FPL 57231, on changes in dynamic lung compliance and pulmonary resistance associated with a 1-h infusion of live group B streptococci were evaluated in mech ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-frequency ventilation in the neonate.

Journal Article Clin Perinatol · September 1987 HFV is a mode of therapy that allows gas exchange with pressure fluctuations much lower than that required for conventional ventilation, and may consequently decrease the incidence of barotrauma and chronic lung disease. At present the National Institute o ... Link to item Cite

Retinopathy of prematurity. Diagnosis, severity, and natural history.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · June 1987 This article presents data gathered in a prospective clinical trial of constant monitoring of oxygen therapy on the diagnosis, severity (as coded by a severity index [SI]) and natural history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 214 surviving infants wit ... Link to item Cite

Retinopathy of prematurity. A randomized, prospective trial of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · June 1987 To determine whether the use of continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring (tcPO2) could reduce the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in pre-term infants receiving oxygen therapy, a randomized, prospective trial of constant monitoring using th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 1987 This study was performed to determine whether the use of continuous transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) monitoring could reduce the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants receiving oxygen therapy. A total of 296 infants with birth wei ... Link to item Cite

Gas trapping with high-frequency ventilation: jet versus oscillatory ventilation.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 1987 Gas trapping was evaluated during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in nine adult rabbits under basal conditions and after instillation of a mixture of 20% human meconium (2 mL/kg). The anesthetized ani ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperoxemic retinal necrosis in the premature neonate.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · March 15, 1987 Link to item Cite

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring and retinopathy of prematurity.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 1987 This study was performed to determine whether the use of continuous tcPO2 monitoring could reduce the incidence of ROP in preterm infants receiving oxygen therapy. Two hundred and ninety-six infants with birth weights less than or equal to 1300 grams were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of high-frequency jet and conventional ventilation in piglets with lung lavage.

Journal Article Biol Neonate · 1987 The cardiovascular and ventilatory effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and conventional ventilation (CV) were evaluated in a saline lung lavage model in piglets. After saline lavage and stabilization on CV, animals were randomized to either mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of barbiturate therapy in severe perinatal asphyxia: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article J Pediatr · November 1986 The possible cerebral sparing effect of thiopental was evaluated in 32 severely asphyxiated neonates randomly assigned to either a thiopental treatment or control group. All infants had neurologic manifestations of asphyxia and required assisted ventilatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of a leukotriene antagonist on the early hemodynamic manifestations of group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · October 1986 In order to evaluate the influence of leukotrienes on group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis we studied the effect of a leukotriene antagonist, FPL 57231, on the early hemodynamic changes occurring secondary to an infusion of live GBS. Paralyzed, mechanically ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of an antagonist of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis on the cardiovascular manifestations of hypoxia in piglets.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · November 1985 Leukotrienes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in adult animals and in persistent pulmonary hypertension with accompanying hypoxemia in the neonate. In order to elucidate the role of leukotrienes in hypoxic pulmonar ... Full text Link to item Cite

An investigation of the equilibria between aqueous ribose, ribulose, and arabinose.

Journal Article Biophys Chem · August 1985 The thermodynamics of the equilibria between aqueous ribose, ribulose, and arabinose were investigated using high-pressure liquid chromatography and microcalorimetry. The reactions were carried out in aqueous phosphate buffer over the pH range 6.8-7.4 and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conventional vs high-frequency jet ventilation in a piglet model of meconium aspiration: comparison of pulmonary and hemodynamic effects.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 1985 The pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of high-frequency jet (HFJV) and conventional (CV) ventilation were evaluated in a piglet model of meconium aspiration. A mixture of 20% human meconium and 0.9% saline solution was instilled deep into the trachea of ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of calcium antagonists on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the piglet.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · December 1984 Cardiovascular responses to the calcium antagonists verapamil and nifedipine were evaluated in a piglet model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. All animals were mechanically ventilated and paralyzed. Cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery (Ppa) and aortic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiovascular changes in group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet: response to indomethacin and relationship to prostacyclin and thromboxane A2.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · September 1984 Seventeen piglets were infected with a continuous intravenous infusion of live group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS). Hemodynamic changes were recorded, and blood samples were drawn for measurement of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) (stable metabolite of thrombo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Necrotizing enterocolitis in the asphyxiated full-term infant.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · October 1983 Five full term infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, confirmed histologically, presented in the first five days of life. All passed grossly bloody stools and three mucosal casts. Severe perinatal asphyxia with accompanying secondary hyperammonemia was pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of head position on intracranial pressure in the neonate.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · June 1983 Elevation and maintenance of the head in an elevated, midline position reduces cerebral venous and intracranial pressure (ICP) in adult neurosurgical patients. To determine the possible effect of head position on ICP in the neonate, we studied 26 neonates ... Full text Link to item Cite

Limitation of pulsatility index as a diagnostic tool in the newborn.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · March 1983 Pulsatile flow in the anterior cerebral arteries was studied and pulsatility index (PI) calculated by 3 observers in 10 newborn infants in order to establish the reproducibility of a noninvasive Doppler technique. No significant differences were noted amon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of seizure activity in the paralyzed neonate using continuous monitoring.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 1982 In experimental animals neurologic damage may occur during seizure activity whether the seizure is accompanied by motor activity and hypoxemia or whether the animal is paralyzed and normoxemic. These findings suggest that it may be important to detect seiz ... Link to item Cite

An experimental transformation of a large expert knowledge base.

Journal Article J Med Syst · February 1982 An experiment is described in which a significant part of the INTERNIST knowledge base for diagnosis in internal medicine is translated into an EXPERT model. INTERNIST employs the largest and broadest knowledge base of all the medical consultation systems ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical pharmacokinetics of thiopental in the asphyxiated neonate

Journal Article Clinical Research · January 1, 1982 Cite

Pharmacokinetic properties of thiopental in the asphyxiated neonate

Journal Article Pediatric Research · January 1, 1982 Cite

Sustained arterial blood pressure elevation associated with pneumothoraces: early detection via continuous monitoring.

Journal Article Pediatrics · December 1981 The diagnosis of pneumothorax in the neonate is often heralded by such signs as deterioration of arterial blood gases, arterial hypotension, and cardiac arrest. An awareness of more subtle clinical signs of accumulating extra-alveolar gas may lead to earli ... Link to item Cite

The effectiveness of dopamine (D) in neonates with septic shock

Journal Article Clinical Research · January 1, 1981 Cite

Hyperammonemia associated with perinatal asphyxia.

Journal Article Pediatrics · September 1979 Twelve infants with severe perinatal asphyxia were found to have elevated blood ammonia levels (302 to 960 microgram/100 ml). In the seven survivors, hyperammonemia was associated with CNS irritability, hyperthermia, hypertension, and wide neonatal heart r ... Link to item Cite

Severe coagulation abnormalities in Reye syndrome.

Journal Article J Pediatr · September 1977 Coagulation studies were performed on 13 children with clinical diagnoses of Reye syndrome. Four had abnormalities so severe that transfusion of coagulation factors and platelets were required prior to percutaneous liver biopsy. In one of these, abnormalit ... Full text Link to item Cite