Scholars@Duke
Rochelle D. Schwartz-Bloom

Rochelle D. Schwartz-Bloom

Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
Pharmacology & Cancer Biology

Selected Publications

Informing women about the risks of exposing babies to tobacco smoke: outreach and education efforts using Facebook "boost posts".

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · May 26, 2022 Maternal smoking is associated with a host of negative health outcomes, including an increased risk of children developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study evaluated the efficacy of health messages disseminated through Facebook A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of an Online Experiment Platform for High School Biology.

Journal Article J Form Des Learn · June 2019 We developed a novel online platform, Rex (Real experiments) that immerses students in a scientific investigative process. Rex is a virtual web-based biological science experiment platform, hosted by real scientists, and uses actual lab experiments that ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Science expectancy, value, and cost profiles and their proximal and distal relations to undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math persistence.

Journal Article Sci Educ · March 2019 Despite efforts to attract and maintain diverse students in the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) pipeline, issues with attrition from undergraduate STEM majors persist. The aim of this study was to examine how undergraduate science students ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repairing the Leaky Pipeline: A Motivationally Supportive Intervention to Enhance Persistence in Undergraduate Science Pathways.

Journal Article Contemp Educ Psychol · April 2018 The current study reports on the efficacy of a multi-faceted motivationally designed undergraduate enrichment summer program for supporting science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) persistence. Structural equation modeling was used to compare summe ... Full text Link to item Cite

A preliminary exploration of college smokers' reactions to nicotine dependence genetic susceptibility feedback.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · March 2015 IntroductionMany young smokers underestimate their risk for becoming addicted to cigarettes. We explored whether informing light college smokers (i.e., fewer than 5 cigarettes/day) of their genetic predisposition to nicotine dependence influenced ... Full text Cite

A Pharmacology-Based Enrichment Program for Undergraduates Promotes Interest in Science.

Journal Article CBE Life Sci Educ · 2015 There is a strong need to increase the number of undergraduate students who pursue careers in science to provide the "fuel" that will power a science and technology-driven U.S. economy. Prior research suggests that both evidence-based teaching methods and ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Relationships among factual and perceived knowledge of harms of waterpipe tobacco, perceived risk, and desire to quit among college users.

Journal Article J Health Psychol · December 2014 Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the United States among college students. Through a web-based survey, we explored associations among factual and perceived knowledge, perceived risks and worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit among 31 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership: Using Chemistry and Biology Concepts To Educate High School Students about Alcohol.

Journal Article J Chem Educ · February 11, 2014 We developed the Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership (APEP), a set of modules designed to integrate a topic of interest (alcohol) with concepts in chemistry and biology for high school students. Chemistry and biology teachers (n = 156) were recruite ... Full text Link to item Cite

THE ALCOHOL PHARMACOLOGY EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP: EDUCATING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT ALCOHOL

Conference ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH · June 1, 2012 Link to item Cite

Affecting perceptions of harm and addiction among college waterpipe tobacco smokers.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 2011 INTRODUCTION: The spread of waterpipe tobacco use among youth may be due in part to perceptions that waterpipe tobacco use is safer than other tobacco products, such as cigarettes. In two pilot studies, we sought to modify college waterpipe smokers' percei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Teaching High School Chemistry in the Context of Pharmacology Helps Both Teachers and Students Learn.

Journal Article J Chem Educ · June 1, 2011 Few studies demonstrate the impact of teaching chemistry embedded in a context that has relevance to high school students. We build upon our prior work showing that pharmacology topics (i.e., drugs), which are inherently interesting to high school students ... Full text Link to item Cite

FEMMES: A one-day mentorship program to engage 4th -- 6th grade girls in STEM activities

Journal Article Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering · 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

DiVE into Alcohol: A biochemical immersive experience

Journal Article Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality · July 9, 2009 We present DiVE into Alcohol, a virtual reality (VR) program that can be used in chemistry education at the high school and college level, both as an immersive experience, or as a web-based program. The program is presented in the context of an engaging to ... Full text Cite

Direction discovery: A science enrichment program for high school students.

Journal Article Biochem Mol Biol Educ · March 2009 Launch into education about pharmacology (LEAP) is an inquiry-based science enrichment program designed to enhance competence in biology and chemistry and foster interest in science careers especially among under-represented minorities. The study of how dr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relevance. Pharmacology in the high-school classroom.

Journal Article Science · September 28, 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Impaired firing and sodium channel function in CA1 hippocampal interneurons after transient cerebral ischemia.

Journal Article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · August 2007 Although interneurons in area CA1 of the hippocampus are less vulnerable to cerebral ischemia than CA1 pyramidal cells, it is not clear whether their relatively intact cellular morphology implies preservation of normal function. As maintenance of cellular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacology in the high school classroom

Journal Article Science · 2007 Includes supplemental material. ... Cite

Recruiting teen smokers in shopping malls to a smoking-cessation program using the foot-in-the-door technique

Journal Article Journal of Applied Social Psychology · May 1, 2006 Persuading teen smokers to volunteer for smoking-cessation programs is a challenging yet understudied problem. As a method of dealing with this problem, we used and tested a foot-in-the-door (FITD) approach. Teen smokers were intercepted at malls and were ... Full text Cite

The chloride transporter Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter isoform-1 contributes to intracellular chloride increases after in vitro ischemia.

Journal Article J Neurosci · February 1, 2006 Ischemic episodes in the CNS cause significant disturbances in neuronal ionic homeostasis. To directly measure changes in intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) during and after ischemia, we used Clomeleon, a novel ratiometric optical indicator for Cl-. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depressed responses to applied and synaptically-released GABA in CA1 pyramidal cells, but not in CA1 interneurons, after transient forebrain ischemia.

Journal Article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · January 2006 Transient cerebral ischemia kills CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, whereas most CA1 interneurons survive. It has been proposed that calcium-binding proteins, neurotrophins, and/or inhibitory neuropeptides protect interneurons from ischemia. However, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing attitudinal ambivalence towards smoking and its association with desire to quit among teen smokers

Journal Article Psychology and Health · June 1, 2005 Most smokers have some conflicting thoughts and feelings about their smoking; that is, they feel ambivalent. Whether felt ambivalence can be adequately measured and then used to predict the desire to quit among teen smokers has yet to be explored. Hence, a ... Full text Cite

Chloride transport inhibitors influence recovery from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cellular injury in adult hippocampus.

Journal Article Neuropharmacology · August 2004 Cerebral ischemia in vivo or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro are characterized by major disturbances in neuronal ionic homeostasis, including significant rises in intracellular Na(+), Ca(2+), and Cl(-) and extracellular K(+). Recently, considerab ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized trial comparing the effects of self-help materials and proactive telephone counseling on teen smoking cessation.

Journal Article Health Psychol · July 2004 We conducted a 2-arm randomized trial to test the efficacy of self-help materials with or without proactive telephone counseling to increase cessation among teen smokers. Teen smokers (N = 402) recruited from 11 shopping malls and 1 amusement park in the s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in intracellular chloride after oxygen-glucose deprivation of the adult hippocampal slice: effect of diazepam.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 5, 2004 Ischemic injury to the CNS results in loss of ionic homeostasis and the development of neuronal death. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is well established, but there are few studies of changes in intracellular Cl- ([Cl-]i) after ischemia. We used an in v ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modifying attributions of colorectal cancer risk.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · April 2004 We report how a four-group risk communication intervention targeted to individuals in the carpentry trade affected their perceived causes (i.e., attributions) for increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The intervention varied the amount of information pre ... Link to item Cite

Integrating pharmacology topics in high school biology and chemistry classes improves performance

Journal Article Journal of Research in Science Teaching · November 1, 2003 Although numerous programs have been developed for Grade Kindergarten through 12 science education, evaluation has been difficult owing to the inherent problems conducting controlled experiments in the typical classroom. Using a rigorous experimental desig ... Full text Cite

Modulation of the GABA(A)-gated chloride channel by reactive oxygen species.

Journal Article J Neurochem · February 2002 The accumulation of reactive oxygen species during cellular injury leads to oxidative stress. This can have profound effects on ionic homeostasis and neuronal transmission. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is sensitive to reactive oxygen sp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measurement of chloride movement in neuronal preparations.

Journal Article Curr Protoc Neurosci · May 2001 In this unit, protocols are described for biochemical and optical techniques that have been used by investigators to measure ligand-gated chloride movement in vesicular structures called synaptoneurosomes (also referred to as microsacs), in cultured neuron ... Full text Link to item Cite

gamma-Aminobutyric acid(A) neurotransmission and cerebral ischemia.

Journal Article J Neurochem · April 2001 In this review, we present evidence for the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal death. While glutamate neurotransmission has received widespread attention in this area of study, relatively few inve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diazepam promotes ATP recovery and prevents cytochrome c release in hippocampal slices after in vitro ischemia.

Journal Article J Neurochem · September 2000 Benzodiazepines protect hippocampal neurons when administered within the first few hours after transient cerebral ischemia. Here, we examined the ability of diazepam to prevent early signals of cell injury (before cell death) after in vitro ischemia. Ische ... Full text Link to item Cite

Benzodiazepines protect hippocampal neurons from degeneration after transient cerebral ischemia: an ultrastructural study.

Journal Article Neuroscience · 2000 The ability of full and partial benzodiazepine receptor agonists to prevent DNA fragmentation and neuronal death after transient cerebral ischemia was investigated in the Mongolian gerbil. Diazepam (10mg/kg, i.p.) or the partial agonist imidazenil (3mg/kg, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical imaging reveals elevated intracellular chloride in hippocampal pyramidal neurons after oxidative stress.

Journal Article J Neurosci · November 1, 1999 The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is associated with several neurodegenerative conditions. ROS can affect ionic homeostasis leading to impaired neurotransmission. Here, we determined the ability of H(2)O(2), a membrane permeant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fluorescence imaging of changes in intracellular chloride in living brain slices.

Journal Article Methods · June 1999 In brain slice preparations, chloride movements across the cell membrane of living cells are measured traditionally with 36Cl- tracer methods, Cl--selective microelectrodes, or whole-cell recording using patch clamp analysis. We have developed an alternati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fluorescence imaging of GABAA receptor-mediated intracellular [Cl-] in P19-N cells reveals unique pharmacological properties.

Journal Article Brain Res · May 8, 1999 This study describes the pharmacological properties of GABAA receptors expressed in P19-N cells using fluorescence imaging of intracellular chloride with 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide (MEQ). We show that application of the GABA agonist, muscimol (10- ... Full text Link to item Cite

A field experiment using the foot-in-the-door technique to recruit teen smokers to smoking cessation programs

Journal Article Social Marketing Quarterly · December 1, 1998 Behavioral compliance approaches such as the foot-in-the-door technique (Freedman & Fraser, 1966; Pliner, Hart, Kohl & Saari, 1974) have been tested and used in several social marketing programs (Scott, 1977; Ford & Spekman, 1981). However, much more needs ... Full text Cite

Activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the rat hippocampal slice increases intracellular Cl- and cell volume.

Journal Article J Neurochem · October 1998 The effects of glutamatergic excitotoxins on intracellular Cl- were investigated in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal slice. Hippocampal slices from rats (14-19 days old) were loaded with 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium chloride (MEQ), a Cl(-)-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical imaging of hippocampal neurons with a chloride-sensitive dye: early effects of in vitro ischemia.

Journal Article J Neurochem · June 1998 We determined if changes in intraneuronal Cl- occur early after ischemia in the hippocampal slice. Slices from juvenile rats (14-19 days old) were loaded with the cell-permeant form of 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium chloride (MEQ), a Cl(-)-sensitive fluoresc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term neuroprotection by benzodiazepine full versus partial agonists after transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil [corrected].

Journal Article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · May 1998 The ability of diazepam, a benzodiazepine full agonist, and imidazenil, a benzodiazepine partial agonist, to protect hippocampal area CA1 neurons from death for at least 35 days after cerebral ischemia was investigated. Diazepam (10 mg/kg) administered to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ischemic injury and extracellular amino acid accumulation in hippocampal area CA1 are not dependent upon an intact septo-hippocampal pathway.

Journal Article Brain Res · March 2, 1998 The septo-hippocampal pathway contains a major gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) projection to dendritic fields within the hippocampus. To determine the importance of the septo-hippocampal pathway in ischemia-induced accumulation of GABA and subsequent cell d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Confocal imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices: measurement of GABAA receptor activity.

Journal Article J Neurosci Methods · August 22, 1997 We have developed a method using UV laser-scanning confocal microscopy and the fluorescent chloride ion indicator, 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium chloride (MEQ), to image GABA-mediated changes in intracellular chloride (Cli-) in individual neurons of the rat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of transient cerebral ischemia on gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor alpha 1-subunit-immunoreactive interneurons in the gerbil CA1 hippocampus.

Journal Article Hippocampus · 1997 Following transient cerebral ischemia, pyramidal cells within area CA1 of the hippocampus exhibit delayed neuronal death. While interneurons within this sector continue to survive long-term, there is evidence that some interneurons in area CA1 are vulnerab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is binding to nicotinic acetylcholine and dopamine receptors related to working memory in rats?

Journal Article Brain Res Bull · 1997 Nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) receptor activation has been found to be important for working memory. The regional distribution of these receptors in the brain has been well characterized. However, the relationship of the region-specific n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Distribution of GABAA, GABAB, and glycine receptors in the central auditory system of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

Journal Article J Comp Neurol · May 20, 1996 Quantitative autoradiographic techniques were used to compare the distribution of GABAA, GABAB, and glycine receptors in the subcortical auditory pathway of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. For GABAA receptors, the ligand used was 35S-t-butylbicyclopho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channels in brain by the arachidonic acid metabolite, thromboxane A2.

Journal Article Neuropharmacology · 1996 Previously, we showed that arachidonic acid and prostaglandin metabolites inhibited GABAA responses in rat cerebral cortex. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, has potent actions on blood vessels and platelets, but its actions on neuro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid down-regulation of GABAA receptors in the gerbil hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia.

Journal Article J Neurochem · December 1995 During transient cerebral ischemia, there is a temporary and robust accumulation of extracellular GABA in the hippocampus. We examined whether the acute exposure of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors to high concentrations of GABA early after ischemia results ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices.

Journal Article J Neurosci Methods · November 1995 We developed an optical imaging technique to measure changes in intracellular levels of Cl- in neurons within the living brain slice. After rat brain slices were incubated with the permeant form of the Cl(-)-sensitive dye, 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium chlo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postischemic inhibition of GABA reuptake by tiagabine slows neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus.

Journal Article Hippocampus · 1995 The neuroprotective effects of enhancing neuronal inhibition with a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake inhibitor were studied in gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia. We used in vivo microdialysis to determine a suitable dosing regimen for ti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diazepam, given postischemia, protects selectively vulnerable neurons in the rat hippocampus and striatum.

Journal Article J Neurosci · January 1995 Following cerebral ischemia, certain populations of neurons degenerate. Excessive accumulation of excitatory amino acids in the synaptic cleft, activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, and influx of calcium into neurons play a key role in the develop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postischemic diazepam is neuroprotective in the gerbil hippocampus.

Journal Article Brain Res · May 30, 1994 In this study, we address the hypothesis that enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission following an ischemic episode is neuroprotective in the hippocampus. Mongolian gerbils were subjected to transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bidirectional modulation of GABA-gated chloride channels by divalent cations: inhibition by Ca2+ and enhancement by Mg2+.

Journal Article J Neurochem · March 1994 The effects of the divalent cations Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+ were studied on gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) responses in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes. The divalent cations produced bidirectional modulation of muscimol-induced 36C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid decline of GABAA receptor subunit mRNA expression in hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil.

Journal Article Hippocampus · October 1993 Inhibitory neurotransmission may play an important role in neuronal degeneration following transient cerebral ischemia. We studied the effect of transient forebrain ischemia on the GABAA receptor system in the gerbil hippocampus. Gerbils were subjected to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channel function by arachidonic acid.

Journal Article Brain Res · July 10, 1992 The effects of arachidonic acid and its metabolites on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor function were determined in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes. Incubation of synaptoneurosomes with phospholipase A2 decreased muscimol-induced 36Cl- upta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functionally relevant gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors: equivalence between receptor affinity (Kd) and potency (EC50)?

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · June 1992 Many neurotransmitter receptors bind agonists with high affinity (Kd in the nanomolar range), whereas micromolar concentrations of the same agonists are required to elicit a functional effect. We have identified low affinity agonist binding sites for the g ... Link to item Cite

Alterations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel following transient forebrain ischemia in the gerbil.

Journal Article J Neurochem · February 1992 The role of inhibitory neurotransmission in selective neuronal degeneration after transient forebrain ischemia was studied by binding of t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel and measu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cellular regulation of the benzodiazepine/GABA receptor: arachidonic acid, calcium, and cerebral ischemia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · February 1992 The effects of cellular mediators that contribute to ischemia-induced neuronal degeneration on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)-receptor function were studied. In vitro, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibited muscimol-induced 36Cl- uptake in cerebral cortical sy ... Link to item Cite

The use of locomotor activity as a behavioral screen for neuronal damage following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.

Journal Article Neurosci Lett · July 8, 1991 Five min bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) in gerbils results in selective degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus, striatum and cortex, and an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. These phenomena were examined to determine if an associati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unilateral kindling of the inferior collicular cortex does not transfer to the contralateral seizure sensitive site or alter [3H]flunitrazepam and [35S]TBPS binding.

Journal Article Epilepsy Res · July 1991 Acute electrical stimulation of a specific area in the inferior collicular cortex produced bilateral collicular afterdischarge and symmetrical wild running seizures. However, generalized seizures induced by kindling the inferior collicular cortex did not a ... Full text Link to item Cite

cAMP analogs inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride flux and activate protein kinase A in brain synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · March 1991 The effects of permeant cAMP analogs were studied on the function of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor and on the activation of protein kinase A in brain synaptoneurosomes. Incubation of cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes with permeant cAMP an ... Link to item Cite

Localization and characterization of 35S-t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in rat brain: an autoradiographic study.

Journal Article J Neurosci · February 1990 35S-t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding to slide-mounted rat brain sections was characterized for subsequent autoradiographic analysis. Cortical brain mash slices, preincubated with EDTA to remove endogenous GABA, were used for biochemical chara ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs nervous system development at a dose which does not affect viability or growth.

Journal Article Brain Res Bull · September 1989 Prenatal exposure to high doses of nicotine (greater than 6 mg/kg/day) via maternal infusions has been shown to impair nervous system development and to decrease viability and growth. In the current study, we have examined the effects of infusing pregnant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Colchicine administered into the area of the nucleus basalis decreases cortical nicotinic cholinergic receptors labelled by [3H]-acetylcholine.

Journal Article Neuropharmacology · August 1989 Lesions in the nucleus basalis in the rat are known to decrease presynaptic markers for acetylcholine, including levels of cholineacetyltransferase (CHAT), high affinity uptake of choline and levels of acetylcholinesterase. Effects of lesions of the nucleu ... Full text Link to item Cite

cAMP and forskolin decrease gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride flux in rat brain synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 1989 The effects of the cyclic nucleotide cAMP on gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel function were investigated. The membrane-permeant cAMP analog N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate inhibited muscimol-induced 36Cl- uptake into rat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential seizure sensitivities to picrotoxinin in two inbred strains of mice (DBA/2J and BALB/c ByJ): parallel changes in GABA receptor-mediated chloride flux and receptor binding.

Journal Article Brain Res · February 27, 1989 Two strains of mice were shown to possess a differential sensitivity to picrotoxinin-induced convulsions; picrotoxinin elicited both tonic and clonic seizures at lower doses in the DBA/2J (DBA) strain compared to the BALB/c ByJ (BALB) strain. Less protecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

The GABAA receptor-gated ion channel: biochemical and pharmacological studies of structure and function.

Journal Article Biochem Pharmacol · September 15, 1988 In the past few years, substantial advances have been made in analyzing the structure and function of the GABA receptor-gated Cl- channel. A major goal is to identify the molecular characteristics of the GABAA receptor that are necessary for maintaining no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohols stimulate gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-mediated chloride uptake in brain vesicles: correlation with intoxication potency.

Journal Article Brain Res · March 22, 1988 A series of short-chain alcohols, including ethanol, were examined for their abilities to stimulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-mediated chloride uptake into isolated brain vesicles. All of the alcohols tested stimulated 36 chloride uptake, at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of the GABA receptor-gated chloride ion channel in brain by noncompetitive inhibitors of the nicotinic receptor-gated cation channel.

Journal Article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · March 1988 The ability of various noncompetitive inhibitors (NCI) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA) receptor activity in brain was investigated. Micromolar concentrations of NCI such as tetraphenylphosphonium, mepacrin ... Link to item Cite

Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid/barbiturate receptor-gated chloride ion flux in brain vesicles by phospholipase A2: possible role of oxygen radicals.

Journal Article J Neurochem · February 1988 Preincubation of brain membranes with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been shown previously to affect the binding characteristics of various recognition sites associated with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex. In the present study, we have in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of GABAA receptor-mediated 36chloride uptake in rat brain synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article Life Sci · September 7, 1987 gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-mediated 36chloride (36Cl-) uptake was measured in synaptoneurosomes from rat brain. GABA and GABA agonists stimulated 36Cl- uptake in a concentration-dependent manner with the following order of potency: Muscimol gr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute stress enhances the activity of the GABA receptor-gated chloride ion channel in brain.

Journal Article Brain Res · May 12, 1987 The effect of acute swim stress on the functional activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor/chloride ion channel was studied using an assay to measure 36chloride (36Cl-) uptake into rat brain synaptoneurosomes. Muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptak ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autoradiographic visualization and characterization of [3H]ouabain binding to the Na+,K+-ATPase of rat brain and pineal.

Journal Article Brain Res · April 21, 1987 Ouabain binds to the catalytic subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase and specific [3H]ouabain binding can be used as a measure of the number of active enzyme molecules present in a given tissue. Specific [3H]ouabain binding can be demonstrated in frozen, cryostat secti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pregnenolone-sulfate: an endogenous antagonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex in brain?

Journal Article Brain Res · February 24, 1987 The interaction of the 'neurosteroid', pregnenolone-sulfate (PS), with the GABA/benzodiazepine/chloride ionophore receptor complex was investigated in rat brain subcellular preparations. At low micromolar concentrations PS competitively inhibited the bindi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A selective imidazobenzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol in the rat.

Journal Article Science · December 5, 1986 Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenz ... Full text Link to item Cite

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and barbiturate-mediated 36Cl-uptake in rat brain synaptoneurosomes: Evidence for rapid desensitization of the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel

Journal Article Molecular Pharmacology · December 1, 1986 'Desensitization' of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-coupled chloride ion channel was studied using an in vitro method for measuring chloride (Cl-) permeability in brain vesicles (synaptoneurosomes). Muscimol, a GABA agonist, stimulated ... Cite

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and barbiturate-mediated 36Cl- uptake in rat brain synaptoneurosomes: evidence for rapid desensitization of the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel.

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · November 1986 "Desensitization" of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-coupled chloride ion channel was studied using an in vitro method for measuring chloride (Cl-) permeability in brain vesicles (synaptoneurosomes). Muscimol, a GABA agonist, stimulated 36Cl- u ... Link to item Cite

Autoradiographic distribution of high affinity muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled with [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain.

Journal Article Life Sci · June 9, 1986 The relative distribution of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled with [3H]acetylcholine was determined using autoradiography. [3H]Acetylcholine binding to high affinity muscarinic receptors was similar to what has been described for an M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ethanol stimulates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-mediated chloride transport in rat brain synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 1986 The effects of ethanol on Cl- uptake were studied using a cell-free subcellular preparation from brain that contains a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/barbiturate receptor-sensitive Cl- transport system. In isolated vesicles prepared from rat cerebral corte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor.

Journal Article Science · May 23, 1986 Two metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, are potent barbiturate-like ligands of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of barbiturate-stimulated chloride efflux from rat brain synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article J Neurosci · November 1985 Membrane chloride (Cl-) permeability was studied in a novel subcellular brain preparation, the synaptoneurosome. Using a radioactive tracer exchange technique, Cl- transport was determined by measuring 36Cl- efflux from rat cerebral cortical synaptoneuroso ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vivo regulation of [3H]acetylcholine recognition sites in brain by nicotinic cholinergic drugs.

Journal Article J Neurochem · August 1985 The in vivo regulation of [3H]acetylcholine [( 3H]ACh) recognition sites on nicotinic receptors in rat brain was examined by administering drugs that increase stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors, either directly or indirectly. After 10 days of t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation inactivation studies of the benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid/chloride ionophore receptor complex.

Journal Article J Neurochem · July 1985 Radiation inactivation was used to estimate the molecular weight of the benzodiazepine (BZ), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and associated chloride ionophore (picrotoxinin/barbiturate) binding sites in frozen membranes prepared from rat forebrain. The tar ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-affinity binding of [3H]acetylcholine to muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Journal Article J Neurosci · June 1985 High-affinity binding of [3H]acetylcholine to muscarinic cholinergic sites in rat CNS and peripheral tissues was measured in the presence of cytisin, which occupies nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The muscarinic sites were characterized with regard to bin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic binding in rat brain: autoradiographic comparison of [3H]acetylcholine, [3H]nicotine, and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 1985 Three radioligands have been commonly used to label putative nicotinic cholinoceptors in the mammalian central nervous system: the agonists [3H]nicotine and [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACh--in the presence of atropine to block muscarinic receptors), and the sna ... Full text Link to item Cite

Barbiturate and picrotoxin-sensitive chloride efflux in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes.

Journal Article FEBS Lett · September 17, 1984 The effects of various barbiturates and picrotoxin in modifying the efflux of chloride (36Cl-) was studied in a novel subcellular preparation from rat cerebral cortex, the 'synaptoneurosome'. Dilution of synaptoneurosomes pre-loaded with 36Cl- resulted in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative autoradiography of nicotinic [3H]acetylcholine binding sites in rat brain.

Journal Article Neurosci Lett · September 7, 1984 Quantitative autoradiography was used to localize nicotinic [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) binding sites in rat brain. High concentrations of nicotinic [3H]ACh binding sites were observed in the anterior and medial nuclei of the thalamus, the medial habenula and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine on catecholamine and serotonin axons in brain.

Journal Article J Neurochem · May 1984 Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites labeled by [3H]acetylcholine were measured in the cerebral cortices, thalami, striata, and hypothalami of rats lesioned by intraventricular injection of either 6-hydroxydopamine or 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine. In a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain

Journal Article Federation Proceedings · January 1, 1984 Cite

[3H]acetylcholine binding sites in brain. Effect of disulfide bond modification.

Journal Article Mol Pharmacol · November 1983 Nicotinic cholinergic receptor recognition sites have been measured in rat brain using [3H]acetylcholine. Modification of these sites in vitro with the disulfide bond reducing agent, dithiothreitol, resulted in a decrease in the density (Bmax) of [3H]acety ... Link to item Cite

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo.

Journal Article Science · April 8, 1983 Tritiated acetylcholine was used to measure binding sites with characteristics of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. Regulation of the binding sites in vivo was examined by administering two drugs that stimulate nicotinic receptors directly or i ... Full text Link to item Cite

[3H]Acetylcholine binding sites in brain. Effect of disulfide bond modification

Journal Article Molecular Pharmacology · 1983 Nicotinic cholinergic receptor recognition sites have been measured in rat brain using [3H]acetylcholine. Modification of these sites in vitro with the disulfide bond reducing agent, dithiothreitol, resulted in a decrease in the density (B(max)) of [3H]ace ... Cite

Effects of chronic phencyclidine on fixed-ratio responding: no relation to neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat cerebral cortex.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1982 The effects of chronic phencyclidine (3.2 mg/kg for 25 days) on responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation were studied in rats. Initially phencyclidine produced large decreases in the overall rate of responding. This decrea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by cultured human colon.

Journal Article Carcinogenesis · May 1980 The overall metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and organotropic colon carcinogen in rodents, has been studied using human colon explant cultures. The binding level of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to DNA which in this study includes both reaction of metabolites ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolism of aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by cultured rat and human colon.

Journal Article Teratog Carcinog Mutagen · 1980 A model system for comparing carcinogen metabolism between human and rat colon has been developed. Tissue explants maintained under chemically defined conditions were treated with radioactively labeled carcinogens. After incubation for 24 hours, the bindin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Drugs, driving and the law: A prospective review

Journal Article Contemporary Drug Problems · January 1, 1977 A brief survey is presented of the effects of drugs on driving skills. The conclusion of this paper is that the present state of physiological and analytical science is not yet sufficiently advanced to permit an intelligent formulation of any new drug-driv ... Cite