Scholars@Duke
Karen Elizabeth Welty-Wolf

Karen Elizabeth Welty-Wolf

Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
welty001@mc.duke.edu
Duke Box 3518, Durham, NC 27710
0570 Clin Res II, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Molecular dynamics of the host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia in baboons.

Journal Article Animal Model Exp Med · October 2025 BACKGROUND: Bacterial pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the widespread availability of antibiotics. Novel pneumonia therapies and biomarkers are urgently needed to improve outcomes and advance personalized thera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retraction Notice to: Nuclear respiratory factor-1 negatively regulates TGF-β1 and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis.

Journal Article iScience · June 20, 2025 [This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103535.]. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nondental Invasive Procedures and Risk of Infective Endocarditis: Time for a Revisit: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Journal Article Circulation · November 7, 2023 There have been no published prospective randomized clinical trials that have: (1) established an association between invasive dental and nondental invasive procedures and risk of infective endocarditis; or (2) defined the efficacy and safety of antibiotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Eyes Have It-for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Preliminary Observation.

Journal Article Pulm Ther · September 2022 INTRODUCTION: The disease origins of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which occurs at higher rates in certain races/ethnicities, are not understood. The highest rates occur in white persons of European descent, particularly those with light skin, who a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Nuclear respiratory factor-1 negatively regulates TGF-β1 and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis.

Journal Article iScience · January 21, 2022 The preclinical model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is useful to study mechanisms related to human pulmonary fibrosis. Using BLM in mice, we find low HO-1 expression. Although a unique Rhenium-CO-releasing molecule (ReCORM) up-regulates HO-1, NRF-1, C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heparin-based blood purification attenuates organ injury in baboons with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · August 1, 2021 Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the use of antibiotics, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Building on previous work, we aimed to 1) develop a baboon model of severe pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis ... Full text Link to item Cite

IL-10 and class 1 histone deacetylases act synergistically and independently on the secretion of proinflammatory mediators in alveolar macrophages.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2021 INTRODUCTION: Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory IL-12b expression after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in colonic macrophages, as part of the innate immunity Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-NF-κB activation system. This homeostati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interstitial lung disease in a veterans affairs regional network; a retrospective cohort study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2021 BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is presently unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: Describe the incidence/prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of ILD patients within the Veter ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Demonstrate Mitochondrial Damage Clearance During Sepsis.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · May 2019 OBJECTIVES: Metabolic derangements in sepsis stem from mitochondrial injury and contribute significantly to organ failure and mortality; however, little is known about mitochondrial recovery in human sepsis. We sought to test markers of mitochondrial injur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonhuman primate species as models of human bacterial sepsis.

Journal Article Lab Anim (NY) · February 2019 Sepsis involves a disordered host response to systemic infection leading to high morbidity and mortality. Despite intense research, targeted sepsis therapies beyond antibiotics have remained elusive. The cornerstone of sepsis research is the development of ... Full text Link to item Cite

A phase I trial of low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide in sepsis-induced ARDS.

Journal Article JCI Insight · December 6, 2018 BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent disease with significant mortality for which no effective pharmacologic therapy exists. Low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide (iCO) confers cytoprotection in preclinical models of sepsis and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia Causes Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Injuries in Baboons

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial quality control in alveolar epithelial cells damaged by S. aureus pneumonia in mice.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · October 1, 2017 Mitochondrial damage is often overlooked in acute lung injury (ALI), yet most of the lung's physiological processes, such as airway tone, mucociliary clearance, ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) matching, and immune surveillance require aerobic energy provision ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characteristics Of Interstitial Lung Disease In The Mid-Atlantic Veterans Affairs Regional Network

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Potential Cost-effectiveness of Early Identification of Hospital-acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · March 2016 RATIONALE: Limitations in methods for the rapid diagnosis of hospital-acquired infections often delay initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. New diagnostic approaches offer potential clinical and cost-related improvements in the management of these ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Biobehavioral Prognostic Factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the INSPIRE-II Trial.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · 2016 OBJECTIVE: To examine the prognostic value of select biobehavioral factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a secondary analysis of participants from the INSPIRE-II trial. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-six outpatients with C ... Full text Link to item Cite

The HO-1/CO system regulates mitochondrial-capillary density relationships in human skeletal muscle.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · October 15, 2015 The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system induces mitochondrial biogenesis, but its biological impact in human skeletal muscle is uncertain. The enzyme system generates CO, which stimulates mitochondrial proliferation in normal muscle. Here w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of inhaled CO administration on acute lung injury in baboons with pneumococcal pneumonia.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · October 15, 2015 Inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) gas has therapeutic potential for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome if a safe, evidence-based dosing strategy and a ventilator-compatible CO delivery system can be developed. In this study, we used a clinically ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Regulation of Proresolving Lipid Mediator Profiles in Baboon Pneumonia by Inhaled Carbon Monoxide.

Journal Article Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol · September 2015 Strategies for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia beyond traditional antimicrobial therapy have been limited. The recently discovered novel genus of lipid mediators, coined "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), which orchestrate clearance of recru ... Full text Link to item Cite

Six-minute-walk distance and accelerometry predict outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease independent of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011 Group.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · March 2015 RATIONALE: The 2011 combined Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) assessment incorporates symptoms, exacerbation history, and spirometry in discriminating risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of a telehealth coping skills intervention on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: primary results from the INSPIRE-II study.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · October 2014 OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life (QoL). Novel interventions are needed to improve outcomes in COPD patients. The present study assessed the effects of a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a novel preclinical model of pneumococcal pneumonia in nonhuman primates.

Journal Article Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol · May 2014 Pneumococcal pneumonia is a leading cause of bacterial infection and death worldwide. Current diagnostic tests for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae can be unreliable and can mislead clinical decision-making and treatment. To address this concern, we deve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus sepsis induces early renal mitochondrial DNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 Acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of multi-system organ failure in sepsis. However, recovery of renal function after sepsis-induced AKI suggests active repair of energy-producing pathways. Here, we tested the hypothe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pneumococcal Pneumonia And Sepsis In Baboons Mirrors The Human Disease

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Association of anxiety and depression with pulmonary-specific symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Journal Article Int J Psychiatry Med · 2013 OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of anxiety and depression with pulmonary-specific symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and to determine the extent to which disease severity and functional capacity modify this association. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nrf2 promotes alveolar mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung injury in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice.

Journal Article Free Radic Biol Med · October 15, 2012 Acute lung injury (ALI) initiates protective responses involving genes downstream of the Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) transcription factor, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and related anti-inflammatory processes. We examined m ... Full text Link to item Cite

The opprobrium of Big Tobacco.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · May 1, 2012 Full text Link to item Cite

Activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by heme oxygenase-1-mediated NF-E2-related factor-2 induction rescues mice from lethal Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · April 15, 2012 RATIONALE: Mitochondrial damage is an important component of multiple organ failure syndrome, a highly lethal complication of severe sepsis that lacks specific therapy. Mitochondrial quality control is regulated in part by the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hmox1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heme oxygenase-1 couples activation of mitochondrial biogenesis to anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 6, 2011 The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hmox1) by inflammation, for instance in sepsis, is associated both with an anti-inflammatory response and with mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we tested the idea that HO-1, acting through the Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) transcrip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and mitochondrial accrual of the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase DNA repair enzyme in mice.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · January 15, 2011 RATIONALE: Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by the production of reactive oxygen species during inflammatory states, such as sepsis, is repaired by poorly understood mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that the DNA repair enzyme, 8-oxoguanine ... Full text Link to item Cite

A toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates the Ppargc1a/b metabolic co-activators in mice with Staphylococcal aureus sepsis.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Activation of the host antibacterial defenses by the toll-like receptors (TLR) also selectively activates energy-sensing and metabolic pathways, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This includes the metabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis master co-ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide synthase-2 regulates mitochondrial Hsp60 chaperone function during bacterial peritonitis in mice.

Journal Article Free Radic Biol Med · March 1, 2010 Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) plays a critical role in reactive nitrogen species generation and cysteine modifications that influence mitochondrial function and signaling during inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of NOS2 in hepatic mitochondrial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide synthase-2 induction optimizes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis after endotoxemia.

Journal Article Free Radic Biol Med · March 1, 2009 Mitochondrial biogenesis protects metabolism from mitochondrial dysfunction produced by activation of innate immunity by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other bacterial products. Here we tested the hypothesis in mouse heart that activation of toll-like recepto ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial biogenesis in the pulmonary vasculature during inhalational lung injury and fibrosis.

Journal Article Antioxid Redox Signal · February 2008 Cell survival and injury repair is facilitated by mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the role of this process in lung repair is unknown. We evaluated mitochondrial biogenesis in the mouse lung in two injuries that cause acute inflammation and in two that c ... Full text Link to item Cite

The CO/HO system reverses inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents murine doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · December 2007 The clinical utility of anthracycline anticancer agents, especially doxorubicin, is limited by a progressive toxic cardiomyopathy linked to mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that the post-doxorubicin mouse heart fails to ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial biogenesis restores oxidative metabolism during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · October 15, 2007 RATIONALE: The extent, timing, and significance of mitochondrial injury and recovery in bacterial sepsis are poorly characterized, although oxidative and nitrosative mitochondrial damage have been implicated in the development of organ failure. OBJECTIVES: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Similar but not the same: normobaric and hyperbaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity, the role of nitric oxide.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · July 2007 Pulmonary manifestations of oxygen toxicity were studied and quantified in rats breathing >98% O(2) at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 ATA to test our hypothesis that different patterns of pulmonary injury would emerge, reflecting a role for central nervous system ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bench to bedside: targeting coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · September 2006 Substantial progress has been made in understanding the contribution of alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Findings from mouse, rat, baboon, and human studies indicate that alterations in coagulation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician subsidies for tobacco advertising.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · January 15, 2006 Full text Link to item Cite

Blockade of tissue factor-factor X binding attenuates sepsis-induced respiratory and renal failure.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · January 2006 Tissue factor expression in sepsis activates coagulation in the lung, which potentiates inflammation and leads to fibrin deposition. We hypothesized that blockade of factor X binding to the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex would prevent sepsis-induced dam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial biogenesis in sepsis: a role for inducible nitric oxide synthase

Conference FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE · January 1, 2006 Link to item Cite

Toll-like receptor 4 mediates mitochondrial DNA damage and biogenic responses after heat-inactivated E. coli.

Journal Article FASEB J · September 2005 An important site of cellular damage in bacterial sepsis is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which we proposed is caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by activation of signaling through specific toll-like receptors (TLR). In wild-type (Wt) mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lipopolysaccharide induces oxidative cardiac mitochondrial damage and biogenesis.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Res · November 1, 2004 OBJECTIVE: The responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) damage mitochondria by generating oxidative stress within the organelles. We postulated that LPS damages heart mitochondrial DNA and protein by oxidation, and that this is recovered by oxidativ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lipopolysaccharide stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of nuclear respiratory factor-1.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 17, 2003 Exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and interferes with mitochondrial transcription and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Because this damage accompanies oxidative stress and is reversible, we postulat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blockade of tissue factor: treatment for organ injury in established sepsis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · May 1, 2003 Blockade of tissue factor before lethal sepsis prevents acute lung injury and renal failure in baboons, indicating that activation of coagulation by tissue factor is an early event in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and organ dysfunction. We hypothes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coagulation and inflammation in acute lung injury.

Journal Article Thromb Haemost · July 2002 The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung injury in patients with sepsis and other acute inflammatory insults, which is characterized by fibrin deposition in the pulmonary parenchyma, vasculature, and airspaces. Recent evidence sugges ... Link to item Cite

Extrinsic coagulation blockade attenuates lung injury and proinflammatory cytokine release after intratracheal lipopolysaccharide.

Journal Article Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol · June 2002 Initiation of coagulation by tissue factor (TF) is a potentially powerful regulator of local inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that blockade of TF-factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex would decrease lung inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine release after ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coagulation blockade prevents sepsis-induced respiratory and renal failure in baboons.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · November 15, 2001 Sepsis-induced tissue factor (TF) expression activates coagulation in the lung and leads to a procoagulant environment, which results in fibrin deposition and potentiates inflammation. We hypothesized that preventing initiation of coagulation at TF-Factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue factor in experimental acute lung injury.

Journal Article Semin Hematol · October 2001 Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by fibrin deposition in the tissue and vascular spaces. Coagulation is activated after exposure to endotoxin or bacteria, and a procoagulant environment rapidly develops in the vascular, interstitial, and alveolar s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anti-neutrophil chemokine preserves alveolar development in hyperoxia-exposed newborn rats.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · August 2001 Inflammation may contribute to lung injury and impaired alveolar development in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We treated hyperoxia-exposed newborn rats with antibodies to the neutrophil chemokine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) during ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) decreases survival and not lung injury in baboons with sepsis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 2001 Neutrophil influx into the lung is an important event in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in gram-negative sepsis. We hypothesized that administration of a monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54), a molecule mediating n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue factor in experimental acute lung injury

Journal Article Seminars in Hematology · January 1, 2001 Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by fibrin deposition in the tissue and vascular spaces. Coagulation is activated after exposure to endotoxin or bacteria, and a procoagulant environment rapidly develops in the vascular, interstitial, and alveolar s ... Full text Cite

Proinflammatory cytokines increase in sepsis after anti-adhesion molecule therapy.

Journal Article Shock · May 2000 Cytokine mediators and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules are critical and interdependent components of the acute inflammatory response in sepsis. We hypothesized that the administration of monoclonal antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecul ... Full text Link to item Cite

LPS amplifies or attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice depending on route of priming exposure.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · March 1, 1999 Link to item Cite

Bacterial priming increases lung injury in gram-negative sepsis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · August 1998 Sepsis syndrome is a leading cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the development of acute lung injury is highly variable for reasons that are poorly understood. We hypothesized that nonlethal systemic exposure to gram-negative bacteria ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody to E- and L-selectin does not prevent lung injury or mortality in septic baboons.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 1998 Recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules is a proposed mechanism of injury in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesized that pretreatment of baboons with a monoclonal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aerosolized manganese SOD decreases hyperoxic pulmonary injury in primates. I. Physiology and biochemistry.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · August 1997 Prolonged hyperoxia causes lung injury and respiratory failure secondary to oxidative tissue damage mediated, in part, by the superoxide anion. We hypothesized that aerosol treatment with recombinant human manganese superoxide dismutase (rhMnSOD) would att ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aerosolized manganese SOD decreases hyperoxic pulmonary injury in primates. II. Morphometric analysis.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · August 1997 Hyperoxia damages lung parenchyma via increased cellular production of reactive oxygen species that exceeds antioxidant defenses. We hypothesized that aerosolized human recombinant manganese superoxide dismutase (rhMnSOD) would augment extracellular antiox ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in the lung after prolonged positive pressure ventilation in normal baboons.

Journal Article J Crit Care · June 1997 PURPOSE: The effects of prolonged positive pressure ventilation on lung ultrastructure are not well defined in primates. This study was designed to measure cardiopulmonary and morphological responses to 4 days of positive pressure ventilation in normal bab ... Full text Link to item Cite

VA/Q abnormalities during gram negative sepsis.

Journal Article Respir Physiol · August 1996 Hypoxemia in bacterial sepsis develops by mechanisms which are incompletely understood. In this study, we measured pulmonary gas exchange in eight baboons to determine the causes of hypoxemia after infusion of live Escherichia coli (1 x 10(10) CFU/kg) foll ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fungal infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Report of 9 cases and review of the literature.

Journal Article Medicine (Baltimore) · May 1996 We reviewed the pattern and incidence of fungal infections in patients undergoing lung and heart-lung transplantation at Duke University Medical Center from September 1992 until August 1995, and present here 9 illustrative cases. Of the 73 lung and heart-l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria in gram-negative sepsis.

Journal Article Shock · May 1996 Energy metabolism during sepsis is incompletely understood, but alterations in mitochondrial structure and function appear important. We measured time-dependent changes in mitochondrial structure during sepsis using serial skeletal muscle biopsies in anest ... Full text Link to item Cite

Artificial surfactant attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in primates. II. Morphometric analysis.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · May 1995 Diffuse lung injury from hyperoxia is accompanied by low compliance and hypoxemia with disruption of endothelial and alveolar epithelial cell layers. Because both function and content of surfactant in diffuse lung injury decrease in animals and in humans, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary Function: A Guide for Clinicians

Journal Article BMJ · December 3, 1994 Full text Cite

Altered mitochondrial redox responses in gram negative septic shock in primates.

Journal Article Circ Shock · May 1994 Gram negative sepsis causes changes in oxygen supply-demand relationships. We have used a primate model of hyperdynamic gram negative sepsis produced by intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to evaluate sepsis-induced alterations in mitochondr ... Link to item Cite

Pseudomonas putrefaciens bacteremia.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1989 Pseudomonas putrefaciens is an unusual cause of human disease. Since 1978 only five cases of bacteremia due to this organism have been reported. Within 12 recent months four cases of bacteremia due to P. putrefaciens were seen - two occurred in patients wi ... Link to item Cite