Scholars@Duke
Christina Marie Wyatt

Christina Marie Wyatt

Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Nephrology

Selected Publications

A point-of-care tenofovir urine test improves accuracy of self-reported preexposure prophylaxis adherence and increases condomless sex reporting among young women.

Journal Article AIDS · November 15, 2024 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated a recently developed and validated point-of-care urine tenofovir (POC TFV) test to determine whether its use improves the accuracy of self-reported adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexual behavior. DESIGN: We enrolle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary CVD prevention cohort of PWH: prevalence and associated factors.

Journal Article AIDS · September 16, 2024 OBJECTIVES: To determine baseline prevalence of proteinuria and albuminuria among REPRIEVE participants and evaluate associated risk factors. DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of a baseline sample of participants from the REPRIEVE Trial. METHODS: REPRIEVE i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term impact of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on kidney health in people with HIV.

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 2024 People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nephrotoxicity. Immediate ART initiation reduces mortality and is now the standard of care, but the long-term impact of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Capacity for the management of kidney failure in the International Society of Nephrology North America and the Caribbean region: report from the 2023 ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA)

Journal Article Kidney International Supplements · April 1, 2024 The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas charts the availability and capacity of kidney care globally. In the North America and the Caribbean region, the Atlas can identify opportunities for kidney care improvement, particularly i ... Full text Cite

Bone density changes in young women in Uganda using tenofovir-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception

Journal Article AIDS · January 1, 2024 Background: Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is the most common contraceptive choice among young women in Uganda, where HIV burden is high and HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be offered. For young women who choose to use both agen ... Full text Cite

Kidney disease characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors in León, Nicaragua: a population-based study.

Journal Article BMC Nephrol · November 12, 2023 BACKGROUND: CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) disproportionately affects young people in Central America who lack traditional CKD risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) and has instead been variably linked to heat stress, occupational and environmental expo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of HIV and viral suppression status with hospital acute kidney injury in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Kidney Int · November 2023 In the modern era, it is unknown if people that are virally suppressed with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to people without HIV and no studies have compared the risk of AKI by viral suppression status. Here, we dete ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depression and PrEP uptake, interruption, and adherence among young women in Uganda.

Journal Article AIDS Care · September 2023 Depression is a common cause of morbidity globally and can impact adherence to medications, posing challenges to medication-based HIV prevention. The objectives of this work are to describe the frequency of depression symptoms in a cohort of 499 young wome ... Full text Link to item Cite

The urinary proteome infers dysregulation of mitochondrial, lysosomal, and protein reabsorption processes in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu).

Journal Article Am J Physiol Renal Physiol · April 1, 2023 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a global health concern affecting tropical farming communities. CKDu is not associated with typical risk factors (e.g., diabetes) and strongly correlates with environmental drivers. To gain poten ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of daily oral PrEP use during pregnancy on bone mineral density among adolescent girls and young women in Uganda.

Journal Article Front Reprod Health · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended during pregnancy for at-risk cisgender women. Pregnancy is known to impede bone growth and tenofovir-based PrEP may also yield detrimental changes to bone health. Thus, we evaluated the effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between female birth sex and risk of chronic kidney disease development among people with HIV in the USA: A longitudinal, multicentre, cohort study.

Journal Article EClinicalMedicine · November 2022 BACKGROUND: Women represent a meaningful proportion of new HIV diagnoses, with Black women comprising 58% of new diagnoses among women. As HIV infection also increases risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), understanding CKD risk among women with HIV (WWH), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bone mineral density, nutrient intake, and physical activity among young women from Uganda.

Journal Article Arch Osteoporos · October 11, 2022 UNLABELLED: Few studies have characterized bone mineral density (BMD) among health young African women. In our study of 496 Ugandan women age ≤25 years, we found that women had healthy BMD that were lower on average than the standard reference ranges. Refe ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV at 40: kidney disease in HIV treatment, prevention, and cure.

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 2022 Four decades after the first cases of HIV were reported, kidney disease remains an important comorbidity in people with HIV (PWH). Both HIV-associated nephropathy and immune complex kidney disease were recognized as complications of HIV infection in the ea ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association of lupus nephritis with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with lupus in North America.

Journal Article Lupus · October 2022 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association of lupus nephritis (LN) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in prospective cohorts of pregnant women with SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). METHODS: We conducted a patient-level pooled analysis of data from three cohor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension Within 1 Year of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · September 2022 Hypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity among people with HIV and associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. The relationship of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to incident HTN remain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Etiology of Persistent Microalbuminuria in Nigeria (P_MICRO study): protocol and study design.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · July 4, 2022 BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease and a predictor of end organ damage, both in the general population and in persons with HIV (PWH). Microalbuminuria is also an important risk factor for mortal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · March 2022 RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Staphylococcus aureus (Saureus) bacteremia (SAB) is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We evaluated changes in clinical and bacterial characteristics, and their associations w ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Polypharmacy and medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission and 10-year all-cause mortality risk among hospitalized patients with and without HIV.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 OBJECTIVE: Medical intensive care unit (MICU) admissions have been declining in people with HIV infection (PWH), but frequency of outpatient polypharmacy (prescription of ≥5 chronic medications) has increased. Among those hospitalized, we examined whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein-1 risk variants and associated kidney phenotypes in an adult HIV cohort in Nigeria.

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 2021 HIV-positive adults are at risk for various kidney diseases, and apolipoprotein 1 (APOL1) high-risk genotypes increase this risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and ethnic distribution of APOL1 risk genotypes among a cohort of HIV-positive Ni ... Full text Link to item Cite

To dose-adjust or not to dose-adjust: lamivudine dose in kidney impairment.

Journal Article AIDS · July 1, 2021 OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of adverse diagnoses and laboratory abnormalities associated with a 300 or 150 mg daily dose of lamivudine (3TC) initiated by people with HIV (PWH) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between at least 30 and 4 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney injury biomarkers during exposure to tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis.

Journal Article AIDS · June 1, 2021 We previously reported a higher incidence of non-albumin proteinuria and a small but significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among HIV-negative adults randomized to emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate preexposure prophyla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of chronic kidney disease in people living with HIV by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use and baseline D:A:D chronic kidney disease risk score.

Journal Article HIV Med · May 2021 OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use by baseline D:A:D CKD risk score. METHODS: Adult antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating treatment, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

A New Panel-Estimated GFR, Including β2-Microglobulin and β-Trace Protein and Not Including Race, Developed in a Diverse Population.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · May 2021 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) is more accurate than estimated GFR (eGFR) based on creatinine or cystatin C alone (eGFRcr or eGFRcys, respectively), but the inclusion of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Looking back and moving forward.

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 infection of the kidney: mechanisms and implications.

Journal Article AIDS · March 1, 2021 People living with HIV are at higher risk for acute and chronic kidney disease compared with uninfected individuals. Kidney disease in this population is multifactorial, with several contributors including HIV infection of kidney cells, chronic inflammatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional and Racial Disparities in HIV-Related Kidney Disease.

Journal Article Contrib Nephrol · 2021 Clinical Background and Epidemiology: Worldwide, an estimated 38 million people are living with HIV infection. The classic kidney disease of HIV infection, commonly known as HIV-associated nephropathy, is a collapsing form of focal segmental glomeruloscler ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanisms of Proteinuria in HIV.

Journal Article Front Med (Lausanne) · 2021 Proteinuria is common in the setting of HIV infection, and may reflect comorbid kidney disease, treatment-related nephrotoxicity, and HIV-related glomerular diseases. The mechanisms of podocyte and tubulointerstial injury in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Drug Development in Kidney Disease: Proceedings From a Multistakeholder Conference.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · December 2020 Occasional bursts of discovery and innovation have appeared during the otherwise stagnant past several decades of drug development in nephrology. Among other recent drug discoveries, the unexpected kidney benefits observed with sodium/glucose cotransporter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prescribing rates and characteristics of recipients of tenofovir-containing regimens before and after market entry of tenofovir alafenamide.

Journal Article J Manag Care Spec Pharm · December 2020 BACKGROUND: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a new formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) that was approved in 2015. While clinical trial evidence suggests that TAF has more favorable outcomes related to kidney injury and loss of bone mineral den ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of Indexed and Nonindexed Estimated GFR.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · September 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

An Evaluation of Baseline Kidney Function in the REPRIEVE Trial of Pitavastatin in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 9, 2020 BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbid condition among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). We characterized baseline kidney function in the REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) trial cohort. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

The spectrum of kidney biopsy findings in HIV-infected patients in the modern era.

Journal Article Kidney Int · May 2020 HIV-associated kidney disease is evolving rapidly. Few North American studies have addressed modern trends and none has applied the 2018 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) pathologic classification. Therefore we performed a retrospective clin ... Full text Link to item Cite

SERUM CYSTATIN C AS MARKER FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS

Conference JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY · March 24, 2020 Link to item Cite

Assessing bias introduced in estimated glomerular filtration rate by the inhibition of creatinine tubular secretion from common antiretrovirals.

Journal Article Antivir Ther · 2020 BACKGROUND: Researchers must often rely on creatinine measurements to assess kidney function because direct glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and cystatin-c are rarely measured in routine clinical settings. However, HIV treatments often include dolutegravi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Tenofovir-Based Pre-exposure Prophylaxis on Biomarkers of Bone Formation, Bone Resorption, and Bone Mineral Metabolism in HIV-Negative Adults.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · October 2019 BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) reduces the risk of HIV seroconversion but may promote bone mineral density (BMD) decline. The mechanisms of BMD decline with FTC/TDF remain unclear, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Duration and Type of Surgical Prophylaxis With Antimicrobial-Associated Adverse Events.

Journal Article JAMA Surg · July 1, 2019 IMPORTANCE: The benefits of antimicrobial prophylaxis are limited to the first 24 hours postoperatively. Little is known about the harms associated with continuing antimicrobial prophylaxis after skin closure. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief Report: Kidney Dysfunction Does Not Contribute Significantly to Antiretroviral Therapy Modification in Treatment-Naive PLWH Receiving Initial ART.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · May 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) durability, time to modification or cessation, has declined. The study objective was to determine whether kidney dysfunction is contributing to reduced durability. METHODS: This retrospective follow-up study of CNIC ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIVAN, adult

Chapter · February 26, 2019 HIV infection is associated with an increased incidence of acute and chronic kidney disease. HIV-positive individuals are at risk for HIVassociated glomerular diseases, including HIVassociated nephropathy (HIVAN) and HIV immune complex kidney disease, but ... Full text Cite

Nonantiretroviral polypharmacy and adverse health outcomes among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals.

Journal Article AIDS · March 27, 2018 BACKGROUND: HIV-positive individuals (HIV+) on antiretrovirals commonly take enough other medications to cross a threshold for polypharmacy but little is known about associated outcomes. We asked whether non-antiretroviral polypharmacy is associated with h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.

Conference Kidney Int · March 2018 HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk for kidney disease, including HIV-associated nephropathy, noncollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immune-complex kidney disease, and comorbid kidney disease, as well as kidney injury resulting from p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential kidney toxicity from the antiviral drug tenofovir: new indications, new formulations, and a new prodrug.

Journal Article Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens · March 2018 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The antiviral agent tenofovir is highly effective for the treatment of HIV and hepatitis B virus infections, and the older prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is also a component of daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Marijuana and Cannabinoids in ESRD and Earlier Stages of CKD.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · February 2018 Marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug in the United States, and legal recreational and medicinal use has gained public acceptance during the last decade. Twenty-nine US states have established medical marijuana programs, 8 of which have als ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief Report: Frequency of Monitoring Kidney Function in HIV-Uninfected Persons Using Daily Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · February 1, 2018 BACKGROUND: Wide-scale implementation of oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is now policy in many settings. However, the optimal frequency for monitoring kidney function remains uncertain. We investigated the impact of ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel role for renal epithelial cells and the medullary sodium gradient in the local immune response.

Journal Article Kidney Int · December 2017 The extreme hypertonicity of the renal medulla plays a central role in regulating volume status. A recent publication in Cell has identified a novel role for the high sodium environment and the local epithelial cells in the recruitment of mononuclear phago ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expanding the use of hepatitis C-viremic kidney donors.

Journal Article Kidney Int · November 2017 Direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with chronic kidney disease, with implications for the timing of antiviral treatment among kidney transplant candidates and for the use of HCV virem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of a protective proteomic signature and a potential therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 2017 In a recent paper in Nature Medicine, Qi et al. set out to identify protective pathways in patients with longstanding diabetes who do not develop diabetic nephropathy. Unbiased proteomic analysis of kidney tissue identified a unique protein signature in un ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV in the dialysis population: Current issues and future directions.

Journal Article Semin Dial · September 2017 Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced mortality due to HIV infection, but the aging HIV-positive patient population now faces a growing burden of comorbidity. This review describes the changing epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and end-stag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV-positive individuals in the START trial.

Journal Article Int J Antimicrob Agents · September 2017 The impact of early ART initiation (versus deferring) on kidney function has not been studied. START was a randomised comparison of immediate versus deferred ART initiation among HIV-positive persons with CD4+ (cells/mm3) counts >500. Serum creatinine and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Revisiting the determinants of the glomerular filtration barrier: what goes round must come round.

Journal Article Kidney Int · September 2017 The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is characterized by a very high hydraulic permeability, combined with a marked permselectivity that excludes macromolecules such as albumin. Thus, the GFB retains most of the plasma proteins, with only 0.06% of album ... Full text Link to item Cite

How low can you go? Achieved blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes.

Journal Article Kidney Int · September 2017 The benefits of controlling blood pressure to levels < 140/90 mm Hg are well established, but the risks and benefits of further reductions in blood pressure are less clear. A recent observational study using pooled data from 2 large randomized trials of re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: here to stay?

Journal Article Kidney Int · August 2017 Vascular calcification is common in patients with advanced kidney disease, and has been strongly linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Recent clinical and translational studies demonstrate that vascular calcification i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylactic hydration to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy: much ado about nothing?

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 2017 Clinical guidelines recommend prophylactic hydration to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients, including those with chronic kidney disease. A recent single-center randomized trial showed no significant difference in the inci ... Full text Link to item Cite

The sweetest thing: blocking fructose metabolism to prevent acute kidney injury?

Journal Article Kidney Int · May 2017 Fructose consumption has been linked to hypertension in animal models and human studies, and endogenous fructose metabolism has been shown to promote acute and chronic kidney injury in mice. A recent study published in Nature Communications demonstrates a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased incidence of end-stage renal disease in American Indians with diabetes: a model for other high-risk populations?

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2017 Indigenous populations in North America have very high rates of diabetes and diabetic complications, including end-stage renal disease. A promising new report demonstrates a substantial decline in the incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among Ame ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOL1: a case in point for replacing race with genetics.

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2017 Ethnicity-specific differences in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) polymorphisms are associated with racial disparities in kidney transplantation outcomes. APOL1 genotyping may better help define graft outcome risk pre-transplantation; however, more research is n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Absence of HIV-Associated Nephropathy Among Antiretroviral Naive Adults With Persistent Albuminuria in Western Kenya.

Journal Article Kidney Int Rep · March 2017 INTRODUCTION: HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has been strongly linked to African ancestry. However, studies have demonstrated wide variability in the prevalence of HIVAN in different sub-Saharan African populations. Accurate assessment of the disease b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Manipulating the gut microbiome to decrease uremic toxins.

Journal Article Kidney Int · March 2017 The uremic solute indoxyl sulfate has been associated with increased mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. In a recent study published in Cell Host & Microbe, Devlin et al. describe a novel approach to alter the prod ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro generation of renal tubular epithelial cells from fibroblasts: implications for precision and regenerative medicine in nephrology.

Journal Article Kidney Int · February 2017 Prior efforts to generate renal epithelial cells in vitro have relied on pluripotent or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A recent publication in Nature Cell Biology describes the generation of induced tubular epithelial cells from fibroblasts, p ... Full text Link to item Cite

BP Control and Long-Term Risk of ESRD and Mortality.

Journal Article J Am Soc Nephrol · February 2017 We recently showed an association between strict BP control and lower mortality risk during two decades of follow-up of prior participants in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) trial. Here, we determined the risk of ESRD and mortality during ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rose by any other name: is stage 3a chronic kidney disease really a disease?

Journal Article Kidney Int · January 2017 Experts have questioned the clinical relevance of early stage 3 chronic kidney disease, particularly in elderly individuals and in those without albuminuria. A recent study published in PLoS Medicine provides further evidence that many older adults with st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney Disease and HIV Infection.

Journal Article Top Antivir Med · 2017 The risk of acute and chronic kidney disease remains higher in HIV-infected persons than in the general population, and kidney disease in HIV-infected persons is associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality. HIV-associated nephropathy occur ... Link to item Cite

Recycling to discover something new: the role of autophagy in kidney disease.

Journal Article Kidney Int · January 2017 This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his groundbreaking work in dissecting the mechanisms of autophagy, a cellular process resulting in the organized degradation of cytoplasmic components. Ohsumi's work p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Illness Perceptions, Medication Beliefs, and Adherence to Antiretrovirals and Medications for Comorbidities in Adults With HIV Infection and Hypertension or Chronic Kidney Disease.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · December 1, 2016 BACKGROUND: Mortality in patients with HIV infection is increasingly due to comorbid medical conditions. Research on how adherence to medications for comorbidities relates to antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence and how interrelations between illness ... Full text Link to item Cite

Folic acid supplementation and chronic kidney disease progression.

Journal Article Kidney Int · December 2016 In contrast to prior studies demonstrating no benefit or even increased harm from B vitamin supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease, a large randomized trial from China recently demonstrated small but statistically significant reductions in ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIF stabilization by prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease.

Journal Article Kidney Int · November 2016 The treatment of anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron supplementation has become the standard of care in patients with chronic kidney disease. Because of the risks associated with this approach, hypoxia inducible factor stabilizing prolyl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Timing is everything? Reconciling the results of recent trials in acute kidney injury.

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 2016 Observational studies have failed to establish the optimal timing of renal replacement therapy in critically ill adults with acute kidney injury, with some studies suggesting benefit and others suggesting the potential for harm with earlier initiation. Two ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low Risk of Proximal Tubular Dysfunction Associated With Emtricitabine-Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men and Women.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 1, 2016 OBJECTIVE: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is associated with proximal tubular dysfunction (tubulopathy) when used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We evaluated whether TDF causes tubulopathy when used as HIV preexposur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical trials of intensive versus less intensive control of hypertension: HOPE or HYPE?

Journal Article Kidney Int · September 2016 The recently published Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation trial (HOPE-3) demonstrated no benefit of lowering blood pressure with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in persons at intermediate cardiovascular risk and with adequate blood pressure control a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Big data in nephrology: promises and pitfalls.

Journal Article Kidney Int · August 2016 Data from the electronic health records hold great promise for nephrology research. However, due to significant limitations, reporting guidelines have been formulated for analyses conducted using electronic health records data. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intensive glycemic control and the risk of end-stage renal disease: an ADVANCE in the management of diabetes?

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 2016 Posttrial follow-up of participants randomized to intensive versus standard glycemic control in the ADVANCE trial has demonstrated a significant benefit of intensive glycemic control on the risk of end-stage renal disease. In a more detailed analysis, inte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Of mice and women: do sex-dependent responses to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rodents have implications for delayed graft function in humans?

Journal Article Kidney Int · July 2016 In rodent models, female sex has been shown to be protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. A recent publication suggests that this sex-dependent response to injury may have clinical implications for delayed graft function after kidney transplantatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic Kidney Disease and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Individuals: Recent Developments.

Journal Article Curr HIV/AIDS Rep · June 2016 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as an important health concern in HIV-positive individuals. Preventing long-term kidney toxicity from an antiretroviral therapy is therefore critical. Selected antiretroviral agents, especially tenofovir disoproxil ... Full text Link to item Cite

ISCHEMIA in chronic kidney disease: improving the representation of patients with chronic kidney disease in cardiovascular trials.

Journal Article Kidney Int · June 2016 Despite the high cardiovascular risk associated with chronic kidney disease, a recent systematic review confirmed that patients with kidney disease remain underrepresented in cardiovascular trials. Two ongoing trials are assessing the risk:benefit of aggre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Higher hemoglobin levels and quality of life in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: no longer a moving target?

Journal Article Kidney Int · May 2016 International clinical practice guidelines for the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease suggest target hemoglobin levels ≤ 11.5 g/dl (115 g/l), with individualized consideration of slightly higher hemoglobin targets to improve quality of life. An ... Full text Link to item Cite

In experimental chronic kidney disease or cancer, parathyroid hormone is a novel mediator of cachexia.

Journal Article Kidney Int · May 2016 Hyperparathyroidism plays a central role in the disordered bone mineral metabolism of chronic kidney disease, and has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in that setting. A recent study suggests a novel role for parathyroi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reversibility of Glomerular Renal Function Decline in HIV-Uninfected Men and Women Discontinuing Emtricitabine-Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · April 1, 2016 BACKGROUND: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is associated with a small but statistically significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We investigated the reversibility of eGFR decline among HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proton pump inhibitors and chronic kidney disease: is it time to sound the alarm?

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2016 Proton pump inhibitors are widely used worldwide for the management of gastroesophageal reflux, but have been associated with the development of interstitial nephritis and acute kidney injury. A large observational study using data from the Atherosclerosis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Precision medicine comes of age in nephrology: identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease.

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2016 The goal of "precision medicine" is to characterize diseases based on the underlying molecular biology, in order to identify specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets that will ultimately improve clinical outcomes. The nephrology research community has d ... Full text Link to item Cite

We still go for the jugular: implications of the 3SITES central venous catheter study for nephrology.

Journal Article Kidney Int · March 2016 The 3SITES study randomly assigned a nontunneled central venous catheter site in over 3000 adults treated in intensive care units. The subclavian site was associated with a lower rate of short-term complications, including catheter-related bloodstream infe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated Serum Leptin Levels are Associated With an Increased Risk of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Journal Article Medicine (Baltimore) · March 2016 The metabolic hormone leptin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and may contribute to the high rate of cancer in obese individuals. We reported that leptin and its receptor are expressed by melanoma tumors and cell lines, and t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Will a new tenofovir prodrug for the treatment of HIV reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity?

Journal Article Kidney Int · January 2016 The widely used antiretroviral agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate has been associated with proximal tubular injury and decreased glomerular filtration rate in HIV-infected individuals. Phase 3 trials of a new prodrug, tenofovir alafenamide, suggest a lowe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4: the missing link between chronic kidney disease and FGF23-induced left ventricular hypertrophy?

Journal Article Kidney Int · January 2016 Serum phosphorus and the regulatory hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 have been strongly linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. A recent study identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 as the primar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with documented hepatitis C Virus infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis.

Journal Article J Viral Hepat · January 2016 Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may cause kidney injury, particularly in the setting of cryoglobulinemia or cirrhosis; however, few studies have evaluated the epidemiology of acute kidney injury in patients with HCV. We aimed to describe national ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Genetic African Ancestry on eGFR and Kidney Disease.

Journal Article J Am Soc Nephrol · July 2015 Self-reported ancestry, genetically determined ancestry, and APOL1 polymorphisms are associated with variation in kidney function and related disease risk, but the relative importance of these factors remains unclear. We estimated the global proportion of ... Full text Link to item Cite

The burden of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with HIV infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis.

Journal Article AIDS · June 1, 2015 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy ('dialysis-requiring AKI') and the impact on in-hospital mortality among hospitalized adults with HIV infection. DESIGN: A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney disease in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive adults with high CD4 counts: prevalence and predictors of kidney disease at enrolment in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

Journal Article HIV Med · April 2015 OBJECTIVES: HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little is known about the prevalence of CKD in individuals with high CD4 cell counts prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to add ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of risk and age at diagnosis of myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and non-AIDS-defining cancer in HIV-infected versus uninfected adults.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 15, 2015 BACKGROUND: Although it has been shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults are at greater risk for aging-associated events, it remains unclear as to whether these events happen at similar, or younger ages, in HIV-infected compared with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in glomerular kidney function among HIV-1-uninfected men and women receiving emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate preexposure prophylaxis: a randomized clinical trial.

Journal Article JAMA Intern Med · February 2015 IMPORTANCE: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use has been associated with declines in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) when used as part of antiretroviral treatment by persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, but limited da ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 1, 2014 It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV medicine association of the infectious diseases society of America

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · November 1, 2014 It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to t ... Full text Cite

Changes in proteinuria and albuminuria with initiation of antiretroviral therapy: data from a randomized trial comparing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine versus abacavir/lamivudine.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · September 1, 2014 BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved kidney function; however, the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been associated with decreased kidney function and proteinuria. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetes mellitus and advanced liver fibrosis are risk factors for severe anaemia during telaprevir-based triple therapy.

Journal Article Liver Int · August 2014 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Adding telaprevir to pegylated-interferon and ribavirin increased both response rates and side effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. We identified variables associated with severe anaemia during telaprevir-based triple therapy. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

The changing epidemiology of HIV-related chronic kidney disease in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Kidney Int · August 2014 The epidemiology of kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals has changed significantly since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the mid 1990s. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), an aggressive form of collapsing focal segmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV and the aging kidney.

Journal Article Curr Opin HIV AIDS · July 2014 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review unique considerations in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of kidney disease in older adults with HIV. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV infection may accelerate the course of kidney disease associated with traditional risk factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for reduced glomerular filtration rate in a Nicaraguan community affected by Mesoamerican nephropathy.

Journal Article MEDICC Rev · April 2014 INTRODUCTION: Mesoamerican nephropathy, also known as chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology, is widespread in Pacific coastal Central America. The cause of the epidemic is unknown, but the disease may be linked to multiple factors, including diet as w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glomerular filtration rate estimated using creatinine, cystatin C or both markers and the risk of clinical events in HIV-infected individuals.

Journal Article HIV Med · February 2014 OBJECTIVES: The accuracy and precision of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations based on plasma creatinine (GFR(cr)), cystatin C (GFR(cys)) and the combination of these markers (GFR(cr-cys)) have recently been assessed in HIV-infected indiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mononuclear phagocyte accumulation in visceral tissue in HIV encephalitis: evidence for increased monocyte/macrophage trafficking and altered differentiation.

Journal Article Curr HIV Res · 2014 The invasion of circulating monocytes/macrophages (MΦ)s from the peripheral blood into the central nervous system (CNS) appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV dementia (HIV-D), the most severe form of HIV-associated neurocognitive dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral therapy and the kidney.

Journal Article Top Antivir Med · 2014 Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more common in the HIV-infected population than in the general population. AKI is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and ... Link to item Cite

Fanconi syndrome accompanied by renal function decline with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a prospective, case-control study of predictors and resolution in HIV-infected patients.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 OBJECTIVE: The predictors of Fanconi syndrome (FS) accompanied by renal function decline with use of the antiretroviral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have not been assessed. In addition, the natural history of renal recovery from FS after TDF discont ... Full text Link to item Cite

Host APOL1 genotype is independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection.

Journal Article Kidney Int · October 2013 Proteinuria is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in HIV infection. Here we evaluated whether APOL1 risk alleles, previously associated with advanced kidney disease, are independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection in a cross-sectional ... Full text Link to item Cite

In HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not related to hepatitis C virus treatment responses but were associated with ritonavir use.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 2013 BACKGROUND: Among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfection, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are positively associated with a response to peg-interferon/ribavirin. Data on the relation between 25(OH)D concentrations and HCV treatment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Urine processing impacts uric acid level in HIV-infected adults: implications for diagnosing tenofovir-associated proximal tubulopathy.

Journal Article AIDS · July 17, 2013 Urine specimens are valuable to investigate kidney disease and antiretroviral nephrotoxicity. We observed large rust-colored pellets in some urine specimens after overnight storage at 4°C. Testing of supernatant under varying conditions demonstrated that t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations for drug dosing in HIV-positive patients.

Journal Article Antivir Ther · 2013 BACKGROUND: Current HIV treatment guidelines recommend using the Cockcroft-Gault equation for drug dosing adjustments. The use of newer glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations for drug dosing and the appropriateness of physician antiretrovira ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimating kidney function in HIV-infected adults in Kenya: comparison to a direct measure of glomerular filtration rate by iohexol clearance.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 BACKGROUND: More than two-thirds of the world's HIV-positive individuals live in sub-Saharan Africa, where genetic susceptibility to kidney disease is high and resources for kidney disease screening and antiretroviral therapy (ART) toxicity monitoring are ... Full text Link to item Cite

An innovative portfolio of research training programs for medical students.

Journal Article Immunol Res · December 2012 Medical student education continues to evolve, with an increasing emphasis on evidence-based decision making in clinical settings. Many schools are introducing scholarly programs to their curriculum in order to foster the development of critical thinking a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of creatinine and cystatin C GFR estimating equations in an HIV-positive population on antiretrovirals.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · November 1, 2012 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine-cystatin C estimating equations in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: We evaluated the performance of the Modification ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOL1 variants in HIV-associated nephropathy: just one piece of the puzzle.

Journal Article Kidney Int · August 2012 Considerable attention has been focused on how the APOL1/MYH9 locus determines susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Atta and colleagues found that homozygosity for APOL1 risk alleles was associ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comorbid diabetes and the risk of progressive chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected adults: data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · August 1, 2012 INTRODUCTION: Approximately, 15% of HIV-infected individuals have comorbid diabetes. Studies suggest that HIV and diabetes have an additive effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression; however, this observation may be confounded by differences in tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatitis B and C co-infection are independent predictors of progressive kidney disease in HIV-positive, antiretroviral-treated adults.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 UNLABELLED: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection has been associated with increased risk of CKD, but prior studies lack information on potential mechanisms ... Full text Link to item Cite

The kidney in HIV infection: beyond HIV-associated nephropathy.

Journal Article Top Antivir Med · 2012 Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more common in HIV-infected persons than in the general population. AKI is associated with poor health outcomes, including increased risk of heart failure, cardiovascular events, end-stage rena ... Link to item Cite

The New Epidemiology of HIV-Related Kidney Disease.

Journal Article J AIDS Clin Res · 2012 HIV-related kidney disease has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the HIV population. It is clear that the epidemiology of HIV-related kidney disease has changed dramatically since the first case reports in 1984. During these early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recent progress in HIV-associated nephropathy.

Journal Article Annu Rev Med · 2012 The classic kidney disease of HIV infection, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), is an aggressive form of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with accompanying tubular and interstitial lesions. HIVAN was first described among African-Americans an ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOL1 variants increase risk for FSGS and HIVAN but not IgA nephropathy.

Journal Article J Am Soc Nephrol · November 2011 A chromosome 22q13 locus strongly associates with increased risk for idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV-1-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and hypertensive ESRD among individuals of African descent. Although initial studies implicated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and predictors of proteinuria in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in Cameroon.

Journal Article Nephrol Dial Transplant · September 2011 BACKGROUND: Proteinuria during pregnancy has been associated with increased pregnancy complications. Furthermore, even low-grade proteinuria has been associated with increased mortality in the general population and in non-pregnant HIV-infected women. METH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with decreased kidney function in HIV-infected adults enrolled in the MTCT-Plus Initiative in sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · May 1, 2011 BACKGROUND: Pre-existing kidney disease in HIV-infected patients may necessitate dose modification of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite increasing ART availability, there are few prevalence studies of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals ... Full text Link to item Cite

THE EFFECT OF TDF ON RENAL CREATININE SECRETION

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES · April 1, 2011 Link to item Cite

Prevalence of kidney disease in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women.

Journal Article PLoS One · March 28, 2011 BACKGROUND: In the United States, HIV-related kidney disease disproportionately affects individuals of African descent; however, there are few estimates of kidney disease prevalence in Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of kidney disease among HIV-infecte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pre-existing albuminuria predicts AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in women initiating antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Antivir Ther · 2011 BACKGROUND: We previously reported an increased risk of all-cause and AIDS mortality among HIV-infected women with albuminuria (proteinuria or microalbuminuria) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) prior to the introduction of HAART. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers of impaired renal function.

Journal Article Curr Opin HIV AIDS · November 2010 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Renal disease is increasingly common as life expectancy of HIV-infected persons continues to improve. Several biomarkers are available for monitoring renal function, although no consensus exists on how best to apply these tools in HIV in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microalbuminuria is associated with all-cause and AIDS mortality in women with HIV infection.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · September 2010 OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of microalbuminuria is increased in patients with HIV. Microalbuminuria is associated with increased mortality in other populations, including diabetics, for whom microalbuminuria testing is standard of care. We investigated whether ... Full text Link to item Cite

Short communication: Inadequate vitamin D exacerbates parathyroid hormone elevations in tenofovir users.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · August 2010 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevations are associated with reduced bone mineral density and adverse health outcomes and have been reported in patients with HIV infection. We aimed to examine the impact of vitamin D status and tenofovir (TDF) use on PTH level ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatitis C and the risk of kidney disease and mortality in veterans with HIV.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · February 2010 OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among veterans with HIV and to evaluate independent associations of HCV and CKD with mortality. METHODS: We studied a national cohort of HIV-infe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral medications: adverse effects on the kidney.

Journal Article Adv Chronic Kidney Dis · January 2010 The widespread introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-1990s dramatically altered the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with improvements in survival and reductions in the incidence of AIDS-defining ill ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ignoring the obvious missing piece of chronic kidney disease in HIV: cigarette smoking.

Journal Article J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care · 2010 The impact of tobacco use on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been overlooked, despite remarkably higher rates of smoking in these individuals. The authors examined the association between smoking and the ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-associated Nephropathy

Chapter · December 1, 2009 This chapter provides information on histology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic factors, and treatment associated with HIV-associated nephropathy, or HIVAN. In classic HIVAN, the kidneys are enlarged or normal in size on gross examination, consistent w ... Full text Cite

Urinary NGAL marks cystic disease in HIV-associated nephropathy.

Journal Article J Am Soc Nephrol · August 2009 Nephrosis and a rapid decline in kidney function characterize HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Histologically, HIVAN is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with prominent tubular damage. We explored the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive kidney transplant candidates.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · June 2009 With improved survival in the antiretroviral era, data from ongoing studies suggest that HIV patients can be safely transplanted. The disproportionate burden of HIV-related end-stage renal disease in minority populations may impose additional obstacles to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Knowledge of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2006 routine HIV testing recommendations among New York City internal medicine residents.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · March 2009 In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) endorsed routine voluntary HIV testing in health care settings to identify the many HIV-infected but undiagnosed persons. Realizing this goal will require primary care providers including intern ... Full text Link to item Cite

The spectrum of kidney disease in patients with AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Kidney Int · February 2009 With prolonged survival and aging of the HIV-infected population in the era of antiretroviral therapy, biopsy series have found a broad spectrum of HIV-related and co-morbid kidney disease in these patients. Our study describes the variety of renal patholo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interruption of antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased plasma cystatin C.

Journal Article AIDS · January 2, 2009 BACKGROUND: Cystatin C has been proposed as an alternative marker of renal function. We sought to determine whether participants randomized to episodic use of antiretroviral therapy guided by CD4 cell count (drug conservation) had altered cystatin C levels ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney disease in patients with HIV infection and AIDS.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · December 1, 2008 As patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live longer while receiving antiretroviral therapy, kidney diseases have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Black race, older age, hypertension, diabetes, low CD4(+) cell c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatitis B- and HIV-Related Renal Diseases

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Kidney disease in HIV infection: introduction.

Journal Article Semin Nephrol · November 2008 Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-associated nephropathy: clinical presentation, pathology, and epidemiology in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Semin Nephrol · November 2008 The classic kidney disease of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HIV-associated nephropathy, is characterized by progressive acute renal failure, often accompanied by proteinuria and ultrasound findings of enlarged, echogenic kidneys. Definitive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute kidney injury in HIV-infected patients.

Journal Article Semin Nephrol · November 2008 Acute kidney injury is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Before the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy, acute kidney injury in HIV-positive patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection on HIV-related kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal Article AIDS · September 12, 2008 BACKGROUND: In the era of antiretroviral therapy, non-AIDS complications such as kidney disease are important contributors to morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of hepatitis C coinfection on the risk of kidney disease in HIV patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acceptance of rapid HIV testing among medical inpatients in New York City.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · August 2008 Early diagnosis of HIV infection is important for both individual and public health. This study examined patient acceptability of routine, voluntary HIV testing in a New York City hospital serving East Harlem, a diverse community with an HIV seroprevalence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Barriers to transplantation of HIV-Positive kidney transplant candidates

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · May 1, 2008 Link to item Cite

The renal system

Chapter · January 1, 2008 Kidney disease has been recognized as a complication of HIV and AIDS since the early 1980s (1). Renal function is known to diminish with age (2,3). Thus, both acute and chronic kidney disease are likely to present an increasing burden on the aging populati ... Cite

Chronic kidney disease in HIV infection: an urban epidemic.

Journal Article AIDS · October 1, 2007 Kidney disease is an important complication of HIV, particularly in minority populations. We describe the burden of chronic kidney disease among 1239 adults followed at an urban AIDS center, with an estimated prevalence of 15.5% (n = 192). Independent pred ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 and HIV-Associated Nephropathy 25 Years Later.

Conference Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · July 2007 Twenty-five years after the first published description of AIDS, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) remains an important cause of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. The pathogenesis of HIVAN involves direct HIV infection of the kidney, with both vira ... Full text Link to item Cite

The safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HIV infection in adults: the first 4 years.

Journal Article AIDS · June 19, 2007 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the safety profile of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults over the first 4 years of use. METHODS: A tenofovir DF expanded access program (EAP) was initiated in 2001; safety data were ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-associated nephropathy in the era of antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Am J Med · June 2007 With improved survival in the era of antiretroviral therapy, kidney disease has emerged as an important complication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy. The classic kidney disease of HIV infection, HIV-associated nep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reporting of estimated GFR in the primary care clinic.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · May 2007 BACKGROUND: Because serum creatinine is an insensitive measure of kidney dysfunction, guidelines have advocated routine use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with early (stage 3) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficiency and outcomes of emergent vascular access procedures performed at a dedicated outpatient vascular access center.

Journal Article Semin Dial · 2007 The outpatient vascular access center (VAC) may have an important impact in improving the outcomes of emergent procedures on nonfunctioning hemodialysis access. An emergent procedure is defined as the absence of a functioning access for hemodialysis, inclu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of low-dose radiocontrast for interventional AV fistula salvage in stage 4 chronic kidney disease patients.

Journal Article Kidney Int · April 2006 The Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative emphasizes increasing arteriovenous fistula prevalence, by promoting referral for fistula creation in patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim is to provide an optimal access for initiation of dia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of unrecognized CKD in ambulatory elderly patients

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES · April 1, 2006 Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral therapy and the kidney: balancing benefit and risk in patients with HIV infection.

Journal Article Expert Opin Drug Saf · March 2006 The widespread introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionised the treatment and course of HIV infection, with complications of chronic HIV infection and HAART playing an increasingly important role in morbidity and mortalit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute renal failure in hospitalized patients with HIV: risk factors and impact on in-hospital mortality.

Journal Article AIDS · February 28, 2006 BACKGROUND: Kidney disease is an increasingly important complication of HIV. OBJECTIVES: To examine the incidence and predictors of acute renal failure before and after the introduction of HAART, and the impact of acute renal failure on in-hospital mortali ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapy insight: how changes in renal function with increasing age affect cardiovascular drug prescribing.

Journal Article Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med · February 2006 Age is well recognized as a powerful prognostic factor in the setting of cardiovascular disease. With the aging of the US population, it is projected that more than 50 million people will be aged over 65 years by the year 2020. This growing elderly populat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Renal disease in patients with HIV.

Journal Article Curr Infect Dis Rep · January 2006 As survival continues to improve in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, kidney, liver, and cardiac disease have become increasingly important sources of mortality and morbidity in patients with HIV. The incidence of end-stage renal disease in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kidney transplantation in HIV-infected patients.

Journal Article Semin Dial · 2005 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has traditionally been considered an absolute contraindication to solid organ transplantation. With improvements in survival and increases in the prevalence of end-stage liver and kidney disease in HIV-positive ... Full text Link to item Cite

The burden of acute renal failure in nonrenal solid organ transplantation.

Journal Article Transplantation · November 15, 2004 BACKGROUND: Recipients of nonrenal solid organ transplants are at risk for acute renal failure resulting from cardiac or hepatic failure, prolonged surgery, and nephrotoxic effects of immunosuppression. Single-center studies have suggested a variable incid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combining baseline clinical descriptors and real-time response to therapy: the incremental prognostic value of continuous ST-segment monitoring in acute myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Am Heart J · April 2004 BACKGROUND: Clinical descriptors and ST-segment recovery variables hold prognostic information for clinical outcome after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to define the incremental prognostic value of continuous 12-lead ST-segme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gissing Down Under

Journal Article The Gissing Newsletter · July 1989 Cite