Geoffrey D Rubin

Journal Article Circulation · February 6, 2024 Multiple applications for machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular imaging are being proposed and developed. However, the processes involved in implementing AI in cardiovascular imaging are highly diverse, varying by imaging moda ... Full text Link to item Cite

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · November 2022 Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was created to standardize reporting system for patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and to guide possible next steps in patient management. The goal of this updated 2022 CAD-RADS 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System.: An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · November 2022 Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was created to standardize reporting system for patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and to guide possible next steps in patient management. The goal of this updated 2022 CAD-RADS 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Journal Article Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging · October 2022 Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was created to standardize reporting system for patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and to guide possible next steps in patient management. The goal of this updated 2022 CAD-RADS 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-label annotation of text reports from computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis using deep learning.

Journal Article BMC Med Inform Decis Mak · April 15, 2022 BACKGROUND: There is progress to be made in building artificially intelligent systems to detect abnormalities that are not only accurate but can handle the true breadth of findings that radiologists encounter in body (chest, abdomen, and pelvis) computed t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Detection and Early Referral of Patients With Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: An Expert Survey Initiative.

Journal Article Chest · February 2022 BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) may represent undiagnosed early-stage or subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILA are often observed incidentally in patients who subsequently develop clinically overt ILD. There is limited informat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classification of Multiple Diseases on Body CT Scans Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning.

Journal Article Radiol Artif Intell · January 2022 PURPOSE: To design multidisease classifiers for body CT scans for three different organ systems using automatically extracted labels from radiology text reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 12 092 patients (mean age, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Co-occurring diseases heavily influence the performance of weakly supervised learning models for classification of chest CT

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2022 Despite the potential of weakly supervised learning to automatically annotate massive amounts of data, little is known about its limitations for use in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). For CT specifically, interpreting the performance of CAD algorithms can ... Full text Cite

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr · 2022 Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was created to standardize reporting system for patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and to guide possible next steps in patient management. The goal of this updated 2022 CAD-RADS 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT Diagnosis of COVID-19: A View through the PICOTS Lens.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2021 Infection with SARS-CoV-2 ranges from an asymptomatic condition to a severe and sometimes fatal disease, with mortality most frequently being the result of acute lung injury. The role of imaging has evolved during the pandemic, with CT initially being an a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults: A Position Paper from the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Radiology · March 2021 Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mm Hg and classified into five different groups sharing similar pathophysiologic mechanisms, hemodynamic characteristics, and therapeutic management. Radiologists pl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chest CT Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-related Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Molecular Targeting Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Position Paper from the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Radiology · March 2021 Use of molecular targeting agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has increased the frequency and broadened the spectrum of lung toxicity, particularly in patients with cancer. The diagnosis of drug-related pneumonitis (DRP) is usually achieved by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chest CT Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-Related Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Molecular Targeting Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Position Paper From the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Chest · March 2021 Use of molecular targeting agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has increased the frequency and broadened the spectrum of lung toxicity, particularly in patients with cancer. The diagnosis of drug-related pneumonitis (DRP) is usually achieved by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-Label Annotation of Chest Abdomen Pelvis Computed Tomography Text Reports Using Deep Learning

Journal Article · February 4, 2021 Purpose: To develop high throughput multi-label annotators for body (chest, abdomen, and pelvis) Computed Tomography (CT) reports that can be applied across a variety of abnormalities, organs, and disease states. Approach: We used a dictionary approach t ... Link to item Cite

Machine-learning-based multiple abnormality prediction with large-scale chest computed tomography volumes.

Journal Article Med Image Anal · January 2021 Machine learning models for radiology benefit from large-scale data sets with high quality labels for abnormalities. We curated and analyzed a chest computed tomography (CT) data set of 36,316 volumes from 19,993 unique patients. This is the largest multip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Machine-learning-based multiple abnormality prediction with large-scale chest computed tomography volumes.

Journal Article Medical Image Anal. · 2021 Full text Cite

Imaging of pulmonary hypertension in adults: a position paper from the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Eur Respir J · January 2021 Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg and classified into five different groups sharing similar pathophysiologic mechanisms, haemodynamic characteristics, and therapeutic management. Radiologists pl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Task-dependent estimability index to assess the quality of cardiac computed tomography angiography for quantifying coronary stenosis.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · January 2021 Purpose: Quantifying stenosis in cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) images remains a difficult task, as image noise and cardiac motion can degrade image quality and distort underlying anatomic information. The purpose of this study was to develo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The direct costs of coronary CT angiography relative to contrast-enhanced thoracic CT: Time-driven activity-based costing.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr · 2021 BACKGROUND: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and contrast-enhanced thoracic CT (CECT) are distinctly different diagnostic procedures that involve intravenous contrast-enhanced CT of the chest. The technical component of these procedures is reimbursed at the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Value Creation Through Artificial Intelligence and Cardiovascular Imaging: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System.: An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Multi-label annotation of text reports from computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis using deep learning.

Detection and Early Referral of Patients With Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: An Expert Survey Initiative.

Classification of Multiple Diseases on Body CT Scans Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning.

Co-occurring diseases heavily influence the performance of weakly supervised learning models for classification of chest CT

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

CT Diagnosis of COVID-19: A View through the PICOTS Lens.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown.

Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults: A Position Paper from the Fleischner Society.

Chest CT Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-related Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Molecular Targeting Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Position Paper from the Fleischner Society.

Chest CT Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-Related Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Molecular Targeting Agents and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Position Paper From the Fleischner Society.

Multi-Label Annotation of Chest Abdomen Pelvis Computed Tomography Text Reports Using Deep Learning

Machine-learning-based multiple abnormality prediction with large-scale chest computed tomography volumes.

Journal Article Medical Image Anal. · 2021 Full text Cite

Imaging of pulmonary hypertension in adults: a position paper from the Fleischner Society.

Task-dependent estimability index to assess the quality of cardiac computed tomography angiography for quantifying coronary stenosis.

The direct costs of coronary CT angiography relative to contrast-enhanced thoracic CT: Time-driven activity-based costing.

Utilization of Lung Cancer Screening in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Population.

Journal Article Chest · November 2020 BACKGROUND: A number of organizations, including the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), recommend lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging for high-risk current and former smokers. In 2015, Medicare issued a decision to cover LC ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Puzzle of the Perifissural Nodule.

Journal Article Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging · August 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2020 Featured Publication With more than 900 000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50 000 deaths during the first 3 months of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement From the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Chest · July 2020 Featured Publication With more than 900,000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50,000 deaths during the first 3 months of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of background lung characteristics on nodule detection with computed tomography.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · March 2020 We sought to characterize local lung complexity in chest computed tomography (CT) and to characterize its impact on the detectability of pulmonary nodules. Forty volumetric chest CT scans were created by embedding between three and five simulated 5-mm lung ... Full text Link to item Cite

Weakly supervised 3D classification of chest CT using aggregated multi-resolution deep segmentation features

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2020 Weakly supervised disease classification of CT imaging suffers from poor localization owing to case-level annotations, where even a positive scan can hold hundreds to thousands of negative slices along multiple planes. Furthermore, although deep learning s ... Full text Cite

Attention-guided classification of abnormalities in semi-structured computed tomography reports

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2020 Lack of annotated data is a major challenge to machine learning algorithms, particularly in the field of radiology. Algorithms that can efficiently extract labels in a fast and precise manner are in high demand. Weak supervision is a compromise solution, p ... Full text Cite

A Geospatial Analysis of Factors Affecting Access to CT Facilities: Implications for Lung Cancer Screening.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · December 2019 OBJECTIVE: The association between access to CT facilities for lung cancer screening and population characteristics is understudied. We aimed to determine the relationship between census tract-level socioeconomic characteristics (SEC) and driving distance ... Full text Link to item Cite

Creating Value through Incremental Innovation Response

Journal Article RADIOLOGY · February 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Geographic Access to CT for Lung Cancer Screening: A Census Tract-Level Analysis of Cigarette Smoking in the United States and Driving Distance to a CT Facility.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2019 PURPOSE: Spatial access to health care resources is a requisite for utilization. Our purpose was to determine, at a census tract level, the geographic distribution of US smokers and their driving distance to an ACR-accredited CT facility. METHODS: The numb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-organ segmentation in clinical-computed tomography for patient-specific image quality and dose metrology

Conference Medical Imaging 2019: Physics of Medical Imaging · 2019 Cite

Combining deep learning methods and human knowledge to identify abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) reports

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Many researchers in the field of machine learning have addressed the problem of detecting anomalies within Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Training these machine learning algorithms requires a dataset of CT scans with identified anomalies (labels), usually ... Full text Cite

2.5D CNN model for detecting lung disease using weak supervision

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Our goal is to develop a 2.5D CNN model to detect multiple diseases in multiple organs in CT scans. In this study we investigated detection of 4 common diseases in the lungs, which are atelectasis, edema, pneumonia and nodule. Most existing algorithms for ... Full text Cite

Classifying abnormalities in computed tomography radiology reports with rule-based and natural language processing models

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Purpose: When conducting machine learning algorithms on classification and detection of abnormalities for medical imaging, many researchers are faced with the problem that it is hard to get enough labeled data. This is especially difficult for modalities s ... Full text Cite

Classification of chest CT using case-level weak supervision

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Our goal is to investigate using only case-level labels extracted automatically from radiology reports to construct a multi-disease classifier for CT scans with deep learning method. We chose four lung diseases as a start: atelectasis, pulmonary edema, nod ... Full text Cite

Deep learning of 3D computed tomography (CT) images for organ segmentation using 2D multi-channel SegNet model

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Purpose To accurately segment organs from 3D CT image volumes using a 2D, multi-channel SegNet model consisting of a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) encoder-decoder architecture. Method We trained a SegNet model on the extended cardiac-Torso (XCAT) ... Full text Cite

CT in cardiac applications

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Imaging the heart and its associated structures is among the most challenging applications for computed tomography. This chapter begins with basic anatomy and key physiological properties of the heart that are important for cardiac CT. The next section foc ... Full text Cite

Imaging of Acute Aortic Syndromes

Chapter · 2019 Full text Cite

Identification and Management of Abdominal Wall Varices in Pregnancy.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · October 2018 BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of variceal hemorrhage. Ectopic varices, those located outside the esophagus or stomach, are rare but have a high risk of associated maternal morbidity or mortality. CASE: A 31-y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Local complexity metrics to quantify the effect of anatomical noise on detectability of lung nodules in chest CT imaging.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · October 2018 The purpose of this study is to (1) develop metrics to characterize the regional anatomical complexity of the lungs, and (2) relate these metrics with lung nodule detection in chest CT. A free-scrolling reader-study with virtually inserted nodules (13 radi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Creating Value through Incremental Innovation: Managing Culture, Structure, and Process.

Journal Article Radiology · August 2018 While the looming threat of large-scale disruptive innovation consumes disproportionate attention, incremental innovation remains an important tool for preserving and growing radiology practices within a dynamic marketplace. Incremental innovation, defined ... Full text Link to item Cite

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging-Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness, Part 1: Radiation Physics and Radiation Biology: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways Developed in Collaboration With Mended Hearts.

Journal Article Catheter Cardiovasc Interv · August 1, 2018 The stimulus to create this document was the recognition that ionizing radiation-guided cardiovascular procedures are being performed with increasing frequency, leading to greater patient radiation exposure and, potentially, to greater exposure for clinica ... Full text Link to item Cite

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging: Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness.

Journal Article Catheter Cardiovasc Interv · August 1, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging-Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness, Part 2: Radiological Equipment Operation, Dose-Sparing Methodologies, Patient and Medical Personnel Protection.

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging-Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness, Part 2: Radiological Equipment Operation, Dose-Sparing Methodologies, Patient and Medical Personnel Protection: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · June 19, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging: Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · June 19, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

2018 ACC/HRS/NASCI/SCAI/SCCT Expert Consensus Document on Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging-Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness, Part 1: Radiation Physics and Radiation Biology: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · June 19, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Sympathy for the Intern

Journal Article Chest · February 1, 2018 Full text Cite

Quantification of uncertainty in the assessment of coronary plaque in CCTA through a dynamic cardiac phantom and 3D-printed plaque model.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · January 2018 The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic physical cardiac phantom with a realistic coronary plaque to investigate stenosis measurement accuracy under clinically relevant heart-rates. The coronary plaque model (5 mm diameter, 50% stenosis, and 32 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perception of Volumetric Data

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Full text Cite

Recommendations for Measuring Pulmonary Nodules at CT: A Statement from the Fleischner Society.

Journal Article Radiology · November 2017 These recommendations for measuring pulmonary nodules at computed tomography (CT) are a statement from the Fleischner Society and, as such, incorporate the opinions of a multidisciplinary international group of thoracic radiologists, pulmonologists, surgeo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines for Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2017 Featured Publication The Fleischner Society Guidelines for management of solid nodules were published in 2005, and separate guidelines for subsolid nodules were issued in 2013. Since then, new information has become available; therefore, the guidelines have been revised to ref ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variations in the functional visual field for detection of lung nodules on chest computed tomography: Impact of nodule size, distance, and local lung complexity.

Journal Article Med Phys · July 2017 PURPOSE: To explore the characteristics that impact lung nodule detection by peripheral vision when searching for lung nodules on chest CT-scans. METHODS: This study was approved by the local IRB and is HIPAA compliant. A simulated primary (1°) target mass ... Full text Link to item Cite

External Factors That Influence the Practice of Radiology: Proceedings of the International Society for Strategic Studies in Radiology Meeting.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2017 Featured Publication In both the United States and Europe, efforts to reduce soaring health care costs have led to intense scrutiny of both standard and innovative uses of imaging. Given that the United States spends a larger share of its gross domestic product on health care ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tracking Eye Movements during CT Interpretation: Inferences of Reader Performance and Clinical Competency Require Clinically Realistic Procedures for Unconstrained Search.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

Enhancing Public Access to Relevant and Valued Medical Information: Fresh Directions for RadiologyInfo.org.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · May 2017 RadiologyInfo.org is a public information portal designed to support patient care and broaden public awareness of the essential role radiology plays in overall patient health care. Over the past 14 years, RadiologyInfo.org has evolved considerably to provi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Financial Forecasting and Stochastic Modeling: Predicting the Impact of Business Decisions.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2017 In health care organizations, effective investment of precious resources is critical to assure that the organization delivers high-quality and sustainable patient care within a supportive environment for patients, their families, and the health care provid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Affinity Chart Analysis: A Method for Structured Collection, Aggregation, and Response to Customer Needs in Radiology.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 2017 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze implementation of the voice-of-the-customer method to assess the current state of image postprocessing and reporting delivered by a radiology department and to plan improvements on the basis of referring ... Full text Link to item Cite

Costing in Radiology and Health Care: Rationale, Relativity, Rudiments, and Realities.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2017 Featured Publication Costs direct decisions that influence the effectiveness of radiology in the care of patients on a daily basis. Yet many radiologists struggle to harness the power of cost measurement and cost management as a critical path toward establishing their value in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preface

Journal Article Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering · January 1, 2017 Cite

Development of local complexity metrics to quantify the effect of anatomical noise on detectability of lung nodules in chest CT imaging

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2017 The purpose of this study was to develop metrics of local anatomical complexity and compare them with detectability of lung nodules in CT. Data were drawn retrospectively from a published perception experiment in which detectability was assessed in cases e ... Full text Cite

Quantification of the uncertainty in coronary CTA plaque measurements using dynamic cardiac phantom and 3D-printed plaque models

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2017 The purpose of this study was to quantify the accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) stenosis measurements using newly developed physical coronary plaque models attached to a base dynamic cardiac phantom (Shelley Medical DHP-01). Corona ... Full text Cite

CAD-RADS™: Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · December 2016 Featured Publication The intent of CAD-RADS - Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System is to create a standardized method to communicate findings of coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) in order to facilitate decision-making regarding further patient management. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of endoleaks on changes in aortoiliac volume after endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Journal Article Clin Hemorheol Microcirc · November 25, 2016 PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in aortoiliac volume after endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in patients with and without endoleaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 137 patients who underwent EVAR for AAA. We ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS): An Expert Consensus Document of SCCT, ACR and NASCI: Endorsed by the ACC.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · September 2016 The intent of CAD-RADS - Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System is to create a standardized method to communicate findings of coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) in order to facilitate decision-making regarding further patient management. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Economic Outcomes With Anatomical Versus Functional Diagnostic Testing for Coronary Artery Disease.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · July 19, 2016 BACKGROUND: PROMISE (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) found that initial use of at least 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) versus functional diagnostic testing strategies did not improve clinica ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Deal or No Deal? Negotiation 101.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · June 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

2015 ACR/ACC/AHA/AATS/ACEP/ASNC/NASCI/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR/SCPC/SNMMI/STR/STS Appropriate Utilization of Cardiovascular Imaging in Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain: A Joint Document of the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria Committee and the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · February 23, 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

An Organizational Perspective and a Team Approach: Keys to Successful Business Planning.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

2015 ACR/ACC/AHA/AATS/ACEP/ASNC/NASCI/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR/SCPC/SNMMI/STR/STS Appropriate Utilization of Cardiovascular Imaging in Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain: A Joint Document of the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria Committee and the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

CAD-RADS(TM) Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System. An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr · 2016 The intent of CAD-RADS - Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System is to create a standardized method to communicate findings of coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) in order to facilitate decision-making regarding further patient management. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta

Chapter · 2016 Full text Cite

Expert Opinion: Is there Still a Role for Filtered-back Projection Reconstruction in Cardiothoracic CT?

Journal Article J Thorac Imaging · July 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Lung nodule and cancer detection in computed tomography screening.

Journal Article J Thorac Imaging · March 2015 Featured Publication Fundamental to the diagnosis of lung cancer in computed tomography (CT) scans is the detection and interpretation of lung nodules. As the capabilities of CT scanners have advanced, higher levels of spatial resolution reveal tinier lung abnormalities. Not a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing search, recognition, and decision in the detection of lung nodules on CT scans: elucidation with eye tracking.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2015 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of radiologists' search, recognition, and acceptance of lung nodules on computed tomographic (CT) images by using eye tracking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed with a protocol approved by the institut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computed tomography: revolutionizing the practice of medicine for 40 years.

Journal Article Radiology · November 2014 Featured Publication Computed tomography (CT) has had a profound effect on the practice of medicine. Both the spectrum of clinical applications and the role that CT has played in enhancing the depth of our understanding of disease have been profound. Although almost 90 000 art ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of broken sutures and metal-ring fractures in AneuRx stent-grafts by using three-dimensional CT angiography after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: association with late endoleak development and device migration.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2014 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of demonstrable stent-graft degradation by using three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) angiography to assess endoleak and stent-graft migration after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). MATERIALS AND METHO ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT angiography after 20 years: a transformation in cardiovascular disease characterization continues to advance.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2014 Featured Publication Through a marriage of spiral computed tomography (CT) and graphical volumetric image processing, CT angiography was born 20 years ago. Fueled by a series of technical innovations in CT and image processing, over the next 5-15 years, CT angiography toppled ... Full text Link to item Cite

WE-D-16A-01: ACR Radiology Leadership Institute

Conference Medical Physics · June 2014 Full text Cite

Rapid detection of bone metastasis at thoracoabdominal CT: accuracy and efficiency of a new visualization algorithm.

Journal Article Radiology · March 2014 PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the use of a combination of cancellous bone reconstructions (CBR) and multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) for the detection of bone metastases at thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) compared with the use of MPRs alon ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACC/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/IAC/Mended Hearts/NASCI/RSNA/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SNMMI 2014 health policy statement on use of noninvasive cardiovascular imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Clinical Quality Committee.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · February 25, 2014 Full text Link to item Cite

Emerging and evolving roles for CT in screening for coronary heart disease.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · December 2013 Featured Publication Coronary heart disease (CHD) is highly prevalent and is the primary cause of death for both men and women, worldwide. Because the disease develops over many years, there are opportunities to intervene and alter the course of CHD, assuming that there are re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Erratum: CT patterns of fungal pulmonary infections of the lung: Comparison of standard-dose and simulated low-dose CT (European Journal of Radiology (2012) 81 (2860-2866))

Journal Article European Journal of Radiology · November 1, 2013 Full text Cite

Geoffrey D. Rubin: Critical Path Technology -- Volumetric Analyses in the Interpretation of CT Data

Journal Article SPIE Newsroom · March 11, 2013 Full text Cite

Computed tomography angiography in microsurgery: indications, clinical utility, and pitfalls.

Journal Article Eplasty · 2013 OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) can be used to obtain 3-dimensional vascular images and soft-tissue definition. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability, usefulness, and pitfalls of CTA in preoperative planning of microvascu ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Uncluttered Single-Image Visualization of Vascular Structures Using GPU and Integer Programming.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph · January 2013 Direct projection of 3D branching structures, such as networks of cables, blood vessels, or neurons onto a 2D image creates the illusion of intersecting structural parts and creates challenges for understanding and communication. We present a method for vi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of image characteristics of plaques in culprit coronary arteries by 64 slice CT and intravascular ultrasound in acute coronary syndromes.

Journal Article Int J Cardiol · October 4, 2012 PURPOSE: To evaluate plaque image characteristics in coronary artery culprit-lesions in subjects with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), we retrospectively compared coronary arterial images by 64-slice CT before conventional-coronary-angiogram with those by i ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT patterns of fungal pulmonary infections of the lung: comparison of standard-dose and simulated low-dose CT.

Journal Article Eur J Radiol · October 2012 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To assess the effect of radiation dose reduction on the appearance and visual quantification of specific CT patterns of fungal infection in immuno-compromised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Raw data of thoracic CT scans (64 × 0.75 mm, 120 kVp, 3 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time-resolved CT angiography for the detection and classification of endoleaks.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2012 PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and diagnostic performance of time-resolved computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the detection and classification of endoleaks after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in high-risk patients. MATERIALS AND METH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Accuracy of a remote eye tracker for radiologic observer studies: effects of calibration and recording environment.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · February 2012 Featured Publication RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy and reproducibility of a remote eye-tracking system for studies of observer gaze while displaying volumetric chest computed tomography (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four participants performed calib ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality Improvement in 3D Imaging.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a quality control program on reducing errors in the generation of 3D images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The average monthly error rate in reports by six 3D technologists (0.5-11 years of experien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated tracing of the adventitial contour of aortoiliac and peripheral arterial walls in CT angiography (CTA) to allow calculation of non-calcified plaque burden.

Journal Article J Digit Imaging · December 2011 Aortoiliac and lower extremity arterial atherosclerotic plaque burden is a risk factor for the development of visceral and peripheral ischemic and aneurismal vascular disease. While prior research allows automated quantification of calcified plaque in thes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of quantitatively determined native thoracic aortic tortuosity on endoleak development after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · December 2011 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess whether there is an association between native thoracic aortic curvature and the development of endoleaks after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative analysis of the nat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Body CT: technical advances for improving safety.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · July 2011 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: In this review, we attempt to address many of the issues that are related to ensuring patient benefit in body CT, balancing the use of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast media. We attempt to not only summarize the literature but also make ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discriminant analysis of native thoracic aortic curvature: risk prediction for endoleak formation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · July 2011 PURPOSE: To determine the association of native thoracic aortic curvature measured from computed tomographic (CT) angiography categorized by discriminant analysis with the development of endoleaks after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). MATERIALS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shape "break-and-repair" strategy and its application to automated medical image segmentation.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph · January 2011 Featured Publication In three-dimensional medical imaging, segmentation of specific anatomy structure is often a preprocessing step for computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) purposes, and its performance has a significant impact on diagnosis of diseases as well as objective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Right coronary wall CMR in the older asymptomatic advance cohort: positive remodeling and associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary calcium.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · December 30, 2010 BACKGROUND: Coronary wall cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a promising noninvasive approach to assess subclinical atherosclerosis, but data are limited in subjects over 60 years old, who are at increased risk. The purpose of the study was to eval ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Quantitative Measurement of Abnormal Late Enhancement Volume in the Left Ventricular Myocardium in Myocardial Diseases by Multidetector-Row CT (CT) Compared to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Segmental Analysis

Journal Article CIRCULATION · November 23, 2010 Link to item Cite

ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Journal Article Circulation · November 23, 2010 Featured Publication The American College of Cardiology Foundation, along with key specialty and subspecialty societies, conducted an appropriate use review of common clinical scenarios where cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is frequently considered. The present document is a ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 appropriate use criteria for cardiac computed tomography. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · November 23, 2010 The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), along with key specialty and subspecialty societies, conducted an appropriate use review of common clinical scenarios where cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is frequently considered. The present docume ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated quantification of aortoaortic and aortoiliac angulation for computed tomographic angiography of abdominal aortic aneurysms before endovascular repair: preliminary study.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · November 2010 Featured Publication The degree of angulation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has emerged as an important factor in assessing eligibility for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The authors developed an automatic algorithm that reduces variability of measurement of aorto ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT 2010 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents.

Journal Article Catheter Cardiovasc Interv · August 1, 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT 2010 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · June 8, 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT 2010 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents.

Journal Article Circulation · June 8, 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Incidental extracardiac findings at coronary CT: clinical and economic impact.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2010 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of incidental extracardiac findings on coronary CT, to determine the associated downstream resource utilization, and to estimate additional costs per patient related to the associated diag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of Intracranial Aneurysms Monitored by CT Angiography

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · May 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

Incomplete endograft apposition to the aortic arch: bird-beak configuration increases risk of endoleak formation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2010 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine the clinical importance of the bird-beak configuration after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement to obtain inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing operating characteristics of CAD algorithms in the absence of a gold standard.

Journal Article Med Phys · April 2010 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The authors examine potential bias when using a reference reader panel as "gold standard" for estimating operating characteristics of CAD algorithms for detecting lesions. As an alternative, the authors propose latent class analysis (LCA), which d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiac computed tomographic angiography what's the prognosis?

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · March 9, 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Upper extremity computed tomographic angiography: state of the art technique and applications in 2010.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · March 2010 Featured Publication From technical and interpretative perspectives, upper extremity computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is one of the more challenging vascular CTA applications. Synchronizing the relatively large scan coverage with a single bolus of contrast medium require ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computer-aided detection (CAD) of lung nodules in CT scans: radiologist performance and reading time with incremental CAD assistance.

Journal Article Eur Radiol · March 2010 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The diagnostic performance of radiologists using incremental CAD assistance for lung nodule detection on CT and their temporal variation in performance during CAD evaluation was assessed. METHODS: CAD was applied to 20 chest multidetector-row co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Journal introduction

Journal Article Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography · January 2010 Full text Cite

ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American Heart Association, the American Society of Echocardiography, the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr · 2010 The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), along with key specialty and subspecialty societies, conducted an appropriate use review of common clinical scenarios where cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is frequently considered. The present docume ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thin client architecture in support of remote radiology learning

Journal Article Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · December 1, 2009 We implemented a system for remote radiology learning which provides immediate feedback to the learner. Using a thin remote client, expert readers are asked to answer questions about specified radiological findings. These scans are presented as realtime 2D ... Full text Cite

Uncluttered single-image visualization of the abdominal aortic vessel tree: method and evaluation.

Journal Article Med Phys · November 2009 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The authors develop a method to visualize the abdominal aorta and its branches, obtained by CT or MR angiography, in a single 2D stylistic image without overlap among branches. METHODS: The abdominal aortic vasculature is modeled as an articulated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Solitary intercostal arterial trunk: a previously unreported anatomical variant.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · November 2009 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Automated coronary CT angiography plaque-lumen segmentaton

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · June 15, 2009 We are investigating the feasibility of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to assist radiologists in diagnosing coronary artery disease in ECG gated cardiac multi-detector CT scans having calcified plaque. Coronary artery stenosis analysis is challeng ... Full text Cite

Insulin resistance independently predicts the progression of coronary artery calcification.

Journal Article Am Heart J · May 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Change in coronary artery calcification is a surrogate marker of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD). In the only large prospective study, CAD risk factors predicted progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC). METHODS: We measured CAC a ... Full text Link to item Cite

An unusual case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: utility of the cardiac MRI.

Journal Article Int J Cardiol · March 20, 2009 Full text Link to item Cite

Technical Advances in MDCT for Imaging Coronary Artery Stenoses and Physiology

Journal Article · January 29, 2009 Full text Cite

Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography.

Journal Article Chin Med J (Engl) · January 20, 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Damage to the spinal cord after the treatment of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is an uncommon but devastating complication. The artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) is the principal arterial supply of the anterior spinal ... Link to item Cite

CT and MR Angiography Comprehensive Vascular Assessment

Book · 2009 Featured Publication Written by world-renowned experts in both CT angiography and MR angiography, this landmark work is the first comprehensive text on vascular imaging using CT and MR. It provides a balanced view of the capabilities of these modalities and ... ... Cite

Imaging the thoracic aorta: anatomy, technical considerations, and trauma.

Journal Article Semin Roentgenol · January 2009 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: vascular magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging.

Journal Article Circulation · December 16, 2008 Featured Publication Over the past 10 years, there has been a rapid adoption of new technology that has allowed us to image the vascular system in a noninvasive manner with greater speed and improved resolution. The “gold standard,” catheter-based angiography, is now more ofte ... Full text Link to item Cite

MDCT angiography of peripheral arterial disease

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Greater scan coverage and faster scanning with multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) has provided a unique opportunity for noninvasive and accurate imaging of vascular diseases of lower extremities [1]. This chapter describes scanning parameters, c ... Full text Cite

MDCT angiography of the thoracic aorta

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) is a nonivasive and accurate technique for assessment of many thoracic aortic abnormalities. It offers several advantages over conventional aortography for evaluation of the thoracic aorta. State-of-the ... Full text Cite

Preface to the new edition

Journal Article MDCT: From Protocols to Practice · December 1, 2008 Full text Cite

MDCT: From protocols to practice

Book · December 1, 2008 MDCT: From Protocols to Practice tackles contemporary and topical issues in MDCT technology and applications. As an updated edition of MDCT: A Practical Approach, this volume offers new content as well as revised chapters from the previous volume. New chap ... Full text Cite

Incidental pulmonary nodules on cardiac computed tomography: prognosis and use.

Journal Article Am J Med · November 2008 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Small asymptomatic lung nodules are found frequently in the course of cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning. However, the utility of assessing and reporting incidental findings in healthy, asymptomatic subjects is unknown. METHODS: The samp ... Full text Link to item Cite

More Surprises From the Healthy Donut

Journal Article CIRCULATION · October 28, 2008 Link to item Cite

Extracardiac findings: what is a cardiologist to do?

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · September 2008 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Adaptive border marching algorithm: automatic lung segmentation on chest CT images.

Journal Article Comput Med Imaging Graph · September 2008 Featured Publication Segmentation of the lungs in chest-computed tomography (CT) is often performed as a preprocessing step in lung imaging. This task is complicated especially in presence of disease. This paper presents a lung segmentation algorithm called adaptive border mar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Susceptibility locus for clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease at chromosome 9p21 in the multi-ethnic ADVANCE study.

Journal Article Hum Mol Genet · August 1, 2008 Featured Publication A susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease (CAD) at chromosome 9p21 has recently been reported, which may influence the age of onset of CAD. We sought to replicate these findings among white subjects and to examine whether these results are consist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structured reporting: coronary CT angiography: a white paper from the American College of Radiology and the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · July 2008 Featured Publication With the growing use of electronic medical records, the trend of diagnostic imaging reporting is toward a more structured format. Advantages include improved quality and consistency of the reporting and ease of data mining. The essential elements of a stru ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT angiography in pediatric extremity trauma: preoperative evaluation prior to reconstructive surgery.

Journal Article Hand (N Y) · June 2008 Featured Publication Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a noninvasive modality for evaluating the vascular system and planning treatment strategies. The goal of this study was to validate the clinical utility of CTA in assessment of suspected pediatric extremity traumat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional computed tomography imaging of tumor-induced angiogenesis: preliminary results of new tracer kinetic modeling using a computer discretization approach.

Journal Article Radiat Med · May 2008 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish functional computed tomography (CT) imaging as a method for assessing tumor-induced angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional CT imaging was mathematically analyzed for 14 renal cell carcinomas by means ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidental findings on cardiac multidetector row computed tomography among healthy older adults: prevalence and clinical correlates.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · April 14, 2008 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: With the widespread use of cardiac multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), the issue of incidental findings is receiving increasing attention. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of incidental findings discovered during cardiac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Semiautomated quantification of the mass and distribution of vascular calcification with multidetector CT: method and evaluation.

Journal Article Radiology · April 2008 Featured Publication Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Informed consent was obtained for prospective evaluation in 21 asymptomatic volunteers (10 women, 11 men; mean age, 60 years) but waived for retrospective (10 patients with an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of coronary artery calcium progression in a multiethnic cohort of older adults

Journal Article JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY · March 11, 2008 Link to item Cite

Impaired coronary vasodilation by magnetic resonance angiography is associated with advanced coronary artery calcification.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · March 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the hypothesis that impaired nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced coronary vasodilation is associated with advanced coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic older patients. BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is associated with both structu ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT angiography effectively evaluates extremity vascular trauma.

Journal Article Am Surg · February 2008 Featured Publication Traditionally, conventional arteriography is the diagnostic modality of choice to evaluate for arterial injury. Recent technological advances have resulted in multidetector, fine resolution computed tomographic angiography (CTA). This study examines CTA fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Learning-enhanced simulated annealing: Method, evaluation, and application to lung nodule registration

Journal Article Applied Intelligence · February 1, 2008 Simulated Annealing (SA) is a popular global minimization method. Two weaknesses are associated with standard SA: firstly, the search process is memory-less and therefore can not avoid revisiting regions that are less likely to contain global minimum; and ... Full text Cite

Improved speed of bone removal in computed tomographic angiography using automated targeted morphological separation: method and evaluation in computed tomographic angiography of lower extremity occlusive disease.

Journal Article J Comput Assist Tomogr · 2008 Featured Publication We developed an automated algorithm for bone removal in computed tomographic angiographic images that identifies and deletes connections between bone and vessels. Our automated algorithm is significantly faster than manual methods (2.45 minutes vs 73 minut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of the thoracic aorta before and after stent-graft repair of aneurysms and dissections.

Journal Article Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · 2008 Featured Publication Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become widely accepted as an important option for treatment of thoracic aortic diseases. Cross-sectional radiologic imaging plays a crucial role for evaluating a patient's candidacy for planning of the interv ... Full text Link to item Cite

A directional distance aided method for medical image segmentation.

Journal Article Med Phys · December 2007 A challenging problem in image segmentation is preventing boundary leakage through poorly resolved edges because not enough local information can be provided along them. In this article, we propose a new directional distance aided image segmentation method ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consensus update on the appropriate usage of cardiac computed tomographic angiography.

Journal Article J Invasive Cardiol · November 2007 Featured Publication Link to item Cite

Ethnic differences in coronary artery calcium in a healthy cohort aged 60 to 69 years.

Journal Article Am J Cardiol · September 15, 2007 Featured Publication Measurement of coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been proposed as a screening tool, but CAC levels may differ according to race and gender. Racial/ethnic and gender distributions of CAC were examined in a randomly selected cohort of 60- to 69-year-old heal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of acute chest pain: a consensus statement of the North American Society of Cardiac Imaging and the European Society of Cardiac Radiology.

Journal Article Eur Radiol · August 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Use of multidetector computed tomography for the assessment of acute chest pain: a consensus statement of the North American Society of Cardiac Imaging and the European Society of Cardiac Radiology.

Journal Article Int J Cardiovasc Imaging · August 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Journal Article Journal of the American College of Cardiology · April 24, 2007 Full text Cite

Registration of lung nodules using a semi-rigid model: method and preliminary results.

Journal Article Med Phys · February 2007 Featured Publication The tracking of lung nodules across computed tomography (CT) scans acquired at different times for the same patient is helpful for the determination of malignancy. We are developing a nodule registration system to facilitate this process. We propose to use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma leptin levels and coronary artery calcification in older adults.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · February 2007 Featured Publication CONTEXT: Leptin is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance and may play a direct role in vascular calcification. It is unclear, however, whether leptin is an independent predictor of atherosclerotic burden. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT angiography of peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Journal Article Tech Vasc Interv Radiol · December 2006 Featured Publication Lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an effective, noninvasive, and robust imaging modality that is being used increasingly to evaluate patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). It is important for vascular and interve ... Full text Link to item Cite

MDCT: A new era in imaging

Journal Article European Radiology, Supplement · December 1, 2006 Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is an effective imaging technology, providing rapid and non-invasive images in three dimensions. Compared with standard computed tomography (CT), MDCT allows faster data acquisition and shorter scan times, with ... Full text Cite

European Radiology, Supplement: Preface

Journal Article European Radiology, Supplement · December 1, 2006 Full text Cite

Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology.

Journal Article Circulation · October 17, 2006 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · October 3, 2006 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Fully automated system for three-dimensional bronchial morphology analysis using volumetric multidetector computed tomography of the chest.

Journal Article J Digit Imaging · June 2006 Featured Publication Recent advancements in computed tomography (CT) have enabled quantitative assessment of severity and progression of large airway damage in chronic pulmonary disease. The advent of fast multidetector computed tomography scanning has allowed the acquisition ... Full text Link to item Cite

An abdominal aortic aneurysm segmentation method: level set with region and statistical information.

Journal Article Med Phys · May 2006 Featured Publication We present a system for segmenting the human aortic aneurysm in CT angiograms (CTA), which, in turn, allows measurements of volume and morphological aspects useful for treatment planning. The system estimates a rough "initial surface," and then refines it ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-detector CT angiography for the assessment of anterior spinal artery and artery of Adamkiewicz patency in patients suspected of having thoracic aortic pathology

Journal Article Journal of Geriatric Cardiology · March 1, 2006 Objective: To evaluate the visualization of the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) as well as the affecting factors for the detection rate using multidetector row CT (MDCT). Methods: Ninety-nine consecutive patients (31 women ... Cite

MDCT angiography of peripheral arterial disease

Journal Article · January 1, 2006 Greater scan coverage and faster scanning with multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has provided a unique opportunity for noninvasive and accurate imaging of vascular diseases of lower extremities [1]. This chapter describes scanning parameters, co ... Full text Cite

MDCT angiography of the thoracic aorta

Journal Article · January 1, 2006 Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) is a noninvasive and accurate technique for assessment of many thoracic aortic abnormalities. It offers several advantages over conventional aortography for evaluation of the thoracic aorta. State-of-th ... Full text Cite

MDCT: A practical approach

Book · January 1, 2006 Computed tomography (CT) is the most rapidly evolving medical imaging technology. This book describes current examination techniques and advanced clinical applications of state-of-the-art multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanners in chapters contri ... Full text Cite

Flattening the abdominal aortic tree for effective visualization.

Journal Article Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference · 2006 We developed a novel visualization method for providing an uncluttered view of the abdominal aorta and its branches. The method abstracts the complex geometry of vessels using a convex primitive, and uses a sweep line algorithm to find a suboptimal placeme ... Cite

Flattening the abdominal aortic tree for effective visualization

Conference 2006 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-15 · January 1, 2006 Link to item Cite

CT angiography of peripheral arterial disease.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · January 2006 Featured Publication Lower-extremity computed tomographic (CT) angiography (ie, peripheral CT angiography) is increasingly used to evaluate patients with peripheral arterial disease. It is therefore increasingly important for all vascular specialists to become familiar with th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Flattening the abdominal aortic tree for effective visualization.

Journal Article Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · 2006 Featured Publication We developed a novel visualization method for providing an uncluttered view of the abdominal aorta and its branches. The method abstracts the complex geometry of vessels using a convex primitive, and uses a sweep line algorithm to find a suboptimal placeme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image interpretation session: 2005

Journal Article Radiographics · January 1, 2006 Full text Cite

Preface

Journal Article MDCT: A Practical Approach · January 1, 2006 Full text Cite

MDCT and data explosion: Current technologies and directions for future development in managing the information overload

Journal Article · December 1, 2005 A great challenge of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) is dealing with "data explosion". A single days work in a busy clinic may consist of 30 studies, each requiring several hundred images. For carotid and intracranial CT angiograms, we routine ... Full text Cite

Multidetector-row computed tomography: Scanning and contrast protocols

Book · December 1, 2005 Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has advanced the approach to diagnostic assessment of many pathologies and now plays an integral role in imaging of both abdominal and cardiovascular diseases. The possibility to acquire diagnostic images with s ... Full text Cite

Primary interpretation of thoracic MDCT images using coronal reformations.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · December 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of primary interpretation of thoracic MDCT using coronal reformations as compared with transverse images. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients (18 females, 32 males; age ran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of endograft fractures with multidetector row computed tomography.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2005 Featured Publication Delayed endograft metallic strut failures detected in vivo with multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) are reported in two patients who underwent endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with AneuRx and Talent endografts. In both instances, niti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Angiographic imaging of the lower extremities with multidetector CT.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · November 2005 Featured Publication Multidetector CT (MDCT) has improved imaging of the arteries in the lower extremities. The main advantages of this novel technology are the exceptionally fast scan times, high spatial resolution, increased anatomic coverage, and capability to generate high ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis by MRI in an asymptomatic older patient cohort

Conference CIRCULATION · October 25, 2005 Link to item Cite

Vascular mapping of the leg with multi-detector row CT angiography prior to free-flap transplantation.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) angiography in determining donor- and recipient-site arterial suitability for successful vascularized free-flap transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional revi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantification of intravenously administered contrast medium transit through the peripheral arteries: implications for CT angiography.

Journal Article Radiology · September 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the range of aortopopliteal bolus transit times in patients with moderate-to-severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) as a guideline for developing injection strategies for computed tomographic (CT) angiograph ... Full text Link to item Cite

ACR clinical statement on noninvasive cardiac imaging.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · June 2005 Featured Publication Coronary artery disease and other acquired and congenital cardiac diseases are major medical and socio-economic problems. Historically, imaging has had a critical role in the diagnosis and evaluation of acquired and congenital cardiac disease. Advances in ... Full text Link to item Cite

American College of Radiology clinical statement on noninvasive cardiac imaging.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2005 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of coronary calcium score in healthy older men and women in the health, heart and heredity study

Conference CIRCULATION · April 12, 2005 Link to item Cite

Ethnic differences in coronary calcium scores in a healthy older cohort

Conference CIRCULATION · April 12, 2005 Link to item Cite

Alternative input devices for efficient navigation of large CT angiography data sets.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To compare devices for the task of navigating through large computed tomographic (CT) data sets at a picture archiving and communication system workstation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study, and all subject ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multidetector-row CT angiography (MDCTA) of the upper extremity: Technique and applications

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · January 1, 2005 Link to item Cite

Multidetector-row CT angiography (MDCTA) for aortoiliac occlusion

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · January 1, 2005 Link to item Cite

Image Interpretation Session: Sunday, November 27, 2005.

Journal Article Radiographics · 2005 Featured Publication The Sunday afternoon Image Interpretation Session has been a high point of the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America for over 65 years. A panel of five experts has been selected, representing the very best from the fields of neurologi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of global left ventricular function: comparison of cardiac multidetector-row computed tomography with angiocardiography.

Journal Article J Comput Assist Tomogr · 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of left ventricular function using electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated multidetector row CT (MDCT) by using 3 different volumetric assessment methods in comparison to assessment of the left ventricular function by invasive ventriculography. ... Full text Link to item Cite

MDCT angiography of pediatric vascular diseases of the abdomen, pelvis, and extremities.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2005 Featured Publication Multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) enables rapid, noninvasive, high-resolution, and three-dimensional imaging of pediatric vascular diseases. In this paper, we explore the adaptation of the MDCT angiographic principles to pediatric patients for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary nodules on multi-detector row CT scans: performance comparison of radiologists and computer-aided detection.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To compare the performance of radiologists and of a computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm for pulmonary nodule detection on thin-section thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surveillance for endoleaks: how to detect all of them.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · December 2004 Featured Publication Endovascular aneurysm repair has proven to be a valuable alternative to open repair in selected patients. This less invasive procedure, however, requires long-term surveillance for its own set of potential complications, including perigraft leakage, or end ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coronary artery vasodilation by magnetic resonance angiogiraphy is impaired in asymptornatic older subjects with high coronary artery calcium

Conference CIRCULATION · October 26, 2004 Link to item Cite

CT angiography in complex upper extremity reconstruction.

Journal Article J Hand Surg Br · October 2004 Featured Publication Computed tomography angiography is a new technique that provides high-resolution, three-dimensional vascular imaging as well as excellent bone and soft tissue spatial relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of computed tomography an ... Full text Link to item Cite

New method of measuring coronary diameter by electron-beam computed tomographic angiography using adjusted thresholds determined by calibration with aortic opacity.

Journal Article Circ J · August 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: In a previous study the adjusted thresholds at which the diameters of coronary arteries determined by enhanced electron-beam computed tomography (CT) scans are equal to the corresponding quantitative coronary angiography measurements were analy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Writing Group IV: imaging.

Journal Article Circulation · June 1, 2004 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Surface normal overlap: a computer-aided detection algorithm with application to colonic polyps and lung nodules in helical CT.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Med Imaging · June 2004 Featured Publication We developed a novel computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm called the surface normal overlap method that we applied to colonic polyp detection and lung nodule detection in helical computed tomography (CT) images. We demonstrate some of the theoretical a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment for traumatic extremity vascular injury with multidetector-row CT angiography: Clinical experience in 35 exams

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · January 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Ventricular function and mass quantification with cardiac gated multidetector CT angiography: A valid substitute for MRI

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · January 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Computed tomography angiography: state-of-the-art imaging using multidetector-row technology.

Journal Article J Comput Assist Tomogr · 2004 Featured Publication Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) is an essential diagnostic modality for many clinical algorithms. This is particularly true with regard to the evaluation of cardiovascular disease. As a result of increased image acquisition speed, improved spa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative CT angiography for free fibula transfer.

Journal Article Microsurgery · 2004 The role of preoperative imaging prior to free fibula flap harvest remains controversial. The standard method of preoperative imaging has been arteriography. However, arteriography is associated with known risks and potential complications to the patient. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Semiautomated segmentation of blood vessels using ellipse-overlap criteria: method and comparison to manual editing.

Journal Article Med Phys · October 2003 Featured Publication Two-dimensional intensity-based methods for the segmentation of blood vessels from computed-tomography-angiography data often result in spurious segments that originate from other objects whose intensity distributions overlap with those of the vessels. Whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Curved-slab maximum intensity projection: method and evaluation.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2003 Featured Publication The authors developed and evaluated a method to produce curved-slab maximum intensity projections (MIPs) through blood vessels that semiautomatically excludes soft tissue and bone. Results obtained with the algorithm were compared with those obtained with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early experience with computed tomographic angiography in microsurgical reconstruction.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · August 2003 Featured Publication Preoperative angiography is frequently used in the planning of microsurgical reconstruction. However, several potentially devastating complications can result from angiography, including arterial occlusion and pseudoaneurysm. Computed tomographic angiograp ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT angiography of the thoracic aorta.

Journal Article Semin Roentgenol · April 2003 Featured Publication Nine years after its introduction, spiral or helical CTA is being embraced as an important noninvasive tool for imaging the thoracic aorta and its branches. The high degree of accessibility and ease with which the studies are performed make it a viable alt ... Full text Link to item Cite

MDCT imaging of the aorta and peripheral vessels.

Journal Article Eur J Radiol · March 2003 Featured Publication Since its clinical introduction in 1991, volumetric CT scanning using spiral or helical scanners has resulted in a revolution for diagnostic imaging. Helical CT has improved over the past 8 years with faster gantry rotation, more powerful X-ray tubes, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

3-D imaging with MDCT.

Journal Article Eur J Radiol · March 2003 Featured Publication Without doubt, the greatest challenge of multidetector-row CT is dealing with 'data explosion'. For our carotid/intracranial CT angiograms, we routinely have 375 images to review (300 mm coverage reconstructed every 0.8 mm); for aortic studies we have 450- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional CT evaluation for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Quantitative assessment of the infrarenal aortic neck.

Journal Article Acta Chir Belg · February 2003 Featured Publication Endovascular grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms should be offered only to those patients with suitable anatomy. This is especially true at the level of the proximal aortic neck in order to secure long-term proximal fixation. Aortoiliac anatomy is easy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multidetector computed tomography technology advances in imaging techniques

Book · 2003 Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), also known as multislice, multidetector-row or multisection CT, is the latest breakthrough in CT technology. ... Cite

Coronary artery: quantitative evaluation of normal diameter determined with electron-beam CT compared with cine coronary angiography initial experience.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2003 Featured Publication Eight male heart transplant recipients underwent contrast material-enhanced electron-beam computed tomographic angiography. Coronary artery diameters measured with fixed thresholds and adaptive line density profile (LDP) methods were calculated relative to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aortoiliac angulation and the need for secondary procedures to secure stent graft fixation: which angle is important?

Journal Article Int Angiol · December 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to quantify the degree of aortoiliac tortuosity and determine the relationship between aortoiliac angulation and the need for a secondary procedure following endovascular repair. METHODS: Among 206 patients treated ... Link to item Cite