Scholars@Duke
Isaac Marcelo Lipkus

Isaac Marcelo Lipkus

Professor in the School of Nursing
School of Nursing
isaac.lipkus@duke.edu
DUMC 3322, School of Nursing, Durham, NC 27710
307 Trent Dr., School of Nursing, Durham, NC 27701-2054

Selected Publications

More Just for Me than Which Others? Personal Justice Ascendancy, Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare, and Personal Well-Being in African Americans

Journal Article Social Justice Research · September 1, 2024 Believing the world is more just for oneself than for others—referred to as personal justice ascendancy—can protect and enhance well-being. For African Americans, personal justice ascendancy may be multifaceted, encompassing comparisons not only to other A ... Full text Cite

A Hybrid Pragmatic and Factorial Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial for an Anti-racist, Multilevel Intervention to Improve Mental Health Equity in High Schools.

Journal Article Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · July 2024 Systemic racism is pervasive in US society and disproportionately limits opportunities for education, work, and health for historically marginalized and minoritized racial and ethnic groups, making it an urgent issue of social justice. Because systemic rac ... Full text Cite

Justice beliefs for self and others: Associations with positive and negative affectivity in African Americans and White Americans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2024 Prior research has shown that a belief in personal justice (i.e., justice for self) is associated with better health and well-being, whereas a belief in justice more generally (i.e., justice for others) is unrelated. However, an emerging perspective is tha ... Full text Cite

Feasibility of dyadic peer support to augment a church-based healthy lifestyle programme

Journal Article Health Education Journal · November 1, 2023 Objective: African Americans in the USA experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease. Healthy lifestyle promotion programmes can help decrease this disease risk. This study determined the feasibility of using dyadic peer support to augment an ex ... Full text Cite

Dyadic Peer Support to Improve Diet and Physical Activity Among African American Church Members: An Exploratory Study.

Journal Article Journal of religion and health · August 2023 This study examined how African American church members communicated and cooperated as dyads to attain health goals. Participants completed nine weeks of group classes then worked as dyads for nine weeks. Communication logs and interviews were used to asse ... Full text Cite

Correlates of motivation to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking among US young adults: implications for cessation interventions.

Journal Article Health education research · July 2023 Waterpipe tobacco smoking is a public health concern that poses many of the same health risks as cigarette smoking, especially among young adults-a subpopulation characterized by the highest prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Nevertheless, it remains ... Full text Cite

Exploring motivation to quit and risk appraisals of hookah tobacco smoking for self and partner among a member of single and dual smoker couples.

Journal Article Journal of behavioral medicine · June 2023 Negative health effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) are likely more pronounced in dual rather than single smoker couples. Data on how smokers' perceived harms for self and partner differ between couple types and how these perceptions are associated ... Full text Cite

Religious social capital and minority health: A concept analysis.

Journal Article Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) · September 2022 ObjectiveOptimizing resources within environments where people live, work, and pray can aid nurses in improving public health. Religion and social capital significantly influence the health of individuals and communities, particularly among racial ... Full text Cite

Effects of Educational Materials About Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Charcoal use on Adult Smokers' Risk Perceptions.

Journal Article Journal of drug education · September 2022 A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxi ... Full text Cite

Influencing Perceptions of Harm of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among One Member of Couples Who Use Waterpipe.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · June 2022 IntroductionWaterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) often occurs socially, increasing health risks for the smoker and others through secondhand smoke effects. While messages on WTS harms enhance perceived risks for self, whether these messages elevate per ... Full text Cite

Perceptions of physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines among end-users and stakeholders: a systematic review.

Journal Article The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · March 2022 BackgroundMany of the world's population, across all age groups and abilities, are not meeting or even aware of internationally recommended physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) guidelines. In order to enhance awareness and uptake, g ... Full text Cite

Effects of mental simulation of future waterpipe tobacco smoking on attitudes, perceived harms and intended use among young adults.

Journal Article Journal of behavioral medicine · February 2022 The desire to engage in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) may occur when smokers and nonsmokers conjure positive mental simulations of WTS. However, effects of these simulations on desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco and potential mediators are unexplored. Thi ... Full text Cite

A Pilot Study Assessing Reactions to Educational Videos on Harm of Waterpipe among Young Adults Susceptible to Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · November 2021 Young adults who never engaged in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) yet are open to trying it, that is, are susceptible, is a high-risk group for initiation WTS. Very few interventions dissuade this group from WTS. Thus, we explored how four short videos tha ... Full text Cite

Assessing multiple features of partner support for smoking cessation in dual-smoker couples.

Journal Article Journal of health psychology · September 2021 The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new scale to measure multiple aspects of partner support for quitting smoking relevant to dual-smoker couples, called the Partner Support for Quitting Scale. The best model fit (N = 238 individuals in 119 ... Full text Cite

Tailored Mobile Messaging Intervention for Waterpipe Tobacco Cessation in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Journal Article American journal of public health · September 2021 Objectives. To test a tailored mobile health (i.e., mHealth) intervention for waterpipe tobacco cessation in young adults. Methods. From 2018 to 2020 at 2 US sites, we conducted a randomized trial with 349 waterpipe tobacco smokers aged 18 to ... Full text Cite

You won't regret it (or love it) as much as you think: impact biases for everyday health behavior outcomes.

Journal Article Psychology & health · July 2021 When predicting the future, people tend to overestimate the intensity of their emotions, a phenomenon known as the impact bias. Design: In two studies, we examined the impact bias for health outcomes. In Study 1, participants were randomized to thin ... Full text Cite

Initial development of the Hookah Smoker Scale: Assessing young adults' mental schemas about hookah "smokers".

Journal Article Translational behavioral medicine · February 2021 Many young adult hookah tobacco users do not consider themselves hookah "smokers," but data on this topic are limited. There are no existing measures of young adults' mental schemas of hookah "smokers." We examined the factor structure and reliability of t ... Full text Cite

Perceived Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Heating Sources Among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Smokers.

Journal Article Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · April 2020 Background. Waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with many negative health outcomes due to toxicants produced by heating the tobacco using charcoal or electrical heaters. Little is known about how young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers perceive ha ... Full text Cite

Effect of risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah in young adults

Journal Article Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · January 1, 2020 Objective: We examined effects of hookah tobacco risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes towards hookah, ambivalence about hookah use, and willingness to smoke in young adults aged 18–30 years (n = 234). Design: In an online experiment, participants co ... Full text Cite

Development and Pretesting of Risk-Based Mobile Multimedia Message Content for Young Adult Hookah Use.

Journal Article Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · December 2019 Background. Hookah is one of the most commonly used tobacco products among U.S. young adults due in part to widespread misperceptions that it is not harmful or addictive. There is growing evidence that hookah tobacco is associated with health harms ... Full text Cite

Illness uncertainty, partner support, and quality of life: A dyadic longitudinal investigation of couples facing prostate cancer.

Journal Article Psychooncology · November 2019 OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side-effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners and, if left unman ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do Couple-Focused Cessation Messages Increase Motivation to Quit Among Dual-Smoker Couples?

Journal Article Journal of smoking cessation · June 2019 IntroductionDual-smoker couples are a highly prevalent group who report low motivation to quit smoking.AimsThis study tested the effect of a messaging intervention (couples- vs. individual-focused smoking outcomes) on motivation to quit a ... Full text Cite

What Do Breast Cancer Survivors Expect From Exercise?

Journal Article Cancer Nurs · 2019 BACKGROUND: Exercise outcome expectations (OEs) (ie, what one expects to obtain or avoid by exercising) are influential to increase exercise among cancer survivors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the accessibility (ie, frequency one thinks ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adults Who Have Never Been Screened: Testing the Interaction between Message Framing and Tailored Risk Feedback.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · January 2019 Providing adults tailored risk estimates of getting colorectal cancer (CRC) can increase screening. A concern is that receipt of lower risk estimates will demotivate screening; this effect may be curbed by matching level of risk with message framing. Theor ... Full text Cite

A randomized phase II trial of MOVING ON: An intervention to increase exercise outcome expectations among breast cancer survivors.

Journal Article Psychooncology · October 2018 OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to test theoretical intervention fidelity and feasibility of MOVING ON, a self-directed, home-based, randomized controlled trial to increase exercise outcome expectations (OEs) (what one expects to obtain or avoid a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactions to online colorectal cancer risk estimates among a nationally representative sample of adults who have never been screened.

Conference Journal of behavioral medicine · June 2018 Data on the public's reactions to online tailored colorectal cancer (CRC) risk estimates are sparse. We assessed among 560 men and women aged 50-75 with no CRC screening history reactions to online tailored CRC estimated comparative risk (i.e., self vs. ot ... Full text Cite

Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention.

Journal Article Addictive behaviors reports · June 2018 IntroductionVery little is known about how waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers compare on harm beliefs about waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and how these beliefs are related to risk appraisals and intentions to engage in WTS. We investigated ... Full text Cite

Towards Prevention of Breast Cancer: What Are the Clinical Challenges?

Journal Article Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · May 2018 The dramatic increase in breast cancer incidence compels a paradigm shift in our preventive efforts. There are several barriers to overcome before prevention becomes an established part of breast cancer management. The objective of this review is to identi ... Full text Cite

Does Adding Information on Toxic Constituents to Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Smokers' Perceptions About the Health Risks of Smoking? A Longitudinal Study in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

Journal Article Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · February 2018 BackgroundHealth warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the United States include varying information about toxic cigarette smoke constituents and smoking-related health risks. HWL information changed more recen ... Full text Cite

Protocol for Moving On: a randomized controlled trial to increase outcome expectations and exercise among breast cancer survivors.

Journal Article Nurs Open · January 2018 AIM: The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and fidelity of an intervention, Moving On, aimed to increase outcome expectations OEs (i.e. what one expects to obtain or avoid as a result of a behaviour) and exercise among breast cancer survivors. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between felt ambivalence and the desire to quit waterpipe use among college students.

Journal Article Journal of health psychology · December 2017 College waterpipe tobacco smokers who feel more ambivalence, that is, conflicted about its use, may have a stronger desire to quit. Using baseline survey data of 315 college waterpipe smokers, we examined this relationship. While frequency of feeling ambiv ... Full text Cite

Developing a scale to assess health regulatory focus.

Journal Article Social science & medicine (1982) · December 2017 RationaleRegulatory focus (i.e., focus on motivation to achieve gains or avoid losses and non-gains) is used to tailor health behavior change interventions, improving efficacy, but is currently assessed by scales that are not health-specific and m ... Full text Cite

Characterizing Young Adults' Susceptibility to Waterpipe Tobacco Use and Their Reactions to Messages About Product Harms and Addictiveness.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · October 2017 IntroductionThere is very little insight into the psychosocial characteristics of young adults susceptible to waterpipe tobacco use and their reactions to messages about harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS). We investigated how young adults wh ... Full text Cite

Exploration of Exercise Outcome Expectations Among Breast Cancer Survivors.

Journal Article Cancer nursing · March 2017 BackgroundExercise is associated with decreased recurrence risk and improved survival and quality of life for breast cancer survivors. However, only an estimated 17% to 37% of survivors adhere to the American Cancer Society exercise guidelines. A ... Full text Cite

Patient's lung cancer diagnosis as a cue for relatives' smoking cessation: evaluating the constructs of the teachable moment.

Journal Article Psycho-oncology · January 2017 BackgroundTo understand whether patient-reported experiences with lung cancer may create teachable moments (TM) for their relatives as evidenced by shifts in their risk perceptions, affective response, and self-image and in turn, motivation to qui ... Full text Cite

Lessons Learned From an Online Study with Dual-smoker Couples.

Journal Article American journal of health behavior · January 2017 ObjectiveIn this paper we present lessons learned from an online study assessing couples' health behaviors.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional study to assess health behaviors of dual-smoker couples. Participants were recruited ... Full text Cite

Young adult waterpipe tobacco users' perceived addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco.

Journal Article Tobacco prevention & cessation · January 2017 IntroductionYoung adults generally do not perceive waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) to be addictive. Underlying reasons for these false perceptions have received limited research attention and little is known about effective WTS prevention messagin ... Full text Cite

Does Quitting Smoking Make a Difference Among Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer Patients?

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · December 2016 IntroductionTo determine if smoking after a cancer diagnosis makes a difference in mortality among newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients.MethodsLongitudinal data were collected from newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients wi ... Full text Cite

Message Framing and Physical Activity Promotion in Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

Journal Article Oncol Nurs Forum · November 1, 2016 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To test effects of gain-framed versus loss-framed mailed brochures on increasing physical activity (PA) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.
. DESIGN: Randomized trial with repeated measures at baseline, 1 month, and 12 months posti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized trial finds that prostate cancer genetic risk score feedback targets prostate-specific antigen screening among at-risk men.

Journal Article Cancer · November 2016 BackgroundProstate-specific antigen (PSA) screening may reduce death due to prostate cancer but leads to the overdiagnosis of many cases of indolent cancer. Targeted use of PSA screening may reduce overdiagnosis. Multimarker genomic testing shows ... Full text Cite

Willingness to provide support for a quit attempt: A study of partners of smokers.

Journal Article Journal of health psychology · September 2016 Support from close others predicts smoking abstinence, yet little research has investigated what factors promote support. This study investigates predictors of support for a quit attempt. Partners of smokers (N = 131) reported their relationship quality, c ... Full text Cite

Effects of physical and mental health on relationship satisfaction: a dyadic, longitudinal examination of couples facing prostate cancer.

Journal Article Psychooncology · August 2016 OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer may affect quality of life in men diagnosed as well as their spouses. Changes in health may disrupt the couple's relationship functioning which disrupts recovery. This study examined how mental and physical health relates to rel ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Effects of Brief Waterpipe Tobacco Use Harm and Addiction Education Messages Among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Users.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · May 2016 IntroductionThis study investigated the immediate effects of brief education messages delivered online about harms and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use among young adult waterpipe users aged 18 to 30 years.MethodsParticipants (n = 3 ... Full text Cite

Feasibility and Smokers' Evaluation of Self-Generated Text Messages to Promote Quitting.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · May 2016 INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality. Mobile technologies, including text messaging, provide opportunities to promote quitting. Many text messaging-based cessation interventions contain content created by experts. How ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing and Predicting Susceptibility to Waterpipe Tobacco Use Among College Students.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · September 2015 IntroductionCollege youth susceptible to waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) represent an important target to intervene upon in order to prevent their uptake of this product. This study examined the performance of a 4-item susceptibility measure to WT ... Full text Cite

A preliminary exploration of college smokers' reactions to nicotine dependence genetic susceptibility feedback.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · March 2015 INTRODUCTION: Many young smokers underestimate their risk for becoming addicted to cigarettes. We explored whether informing light college smokers (i.e., fewer than 5 cigarettes/day) of their genetic predisposition to nicotine dependence influenced their p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Numerical Versus Foreground-Only Icon Displays on Understanding of Risk Magnitudes.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · January 2015 The aim of this work is to advance knowledge of how to measure gist and verbatim understanding of risk magnitude information and to apply this knowledge to address whether graphics that focus on the number of people affected (the numerator of the risk rati ... Full text Cite

Relationships among factual and perceived knowledge of harms of waterpipe tobacco, perceived risk, and desire to quit among college users.

Journal Article J Health Psychol · December 2014 Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the United States among college students. Through a web-based survey, we explored associations among factual and perceived knowledge, perceived risks and worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit among 31 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Daughters and Mothers Against Breast Cancer (DAMES): main outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of weight loss in overweight mothers with breast cancer and their overweight daughters.

Journal Article Cancer · August 15, 2014 BACKGROUND: Few studies to date have used the cancer diagnosis as a teachable moment to promote healthy behavior changes in survivors of cancer and their family members. Given the role of obesity in the primary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contemplating genetic feedback regarding lung cancer susceptibility.

Journal Article Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · June 2014 Background and purposeWe examined three theoretical models (self-enhancement theory, consistency theory, and a combined model) for understanding how expectations and test result favorability influence smokers' desire for a retest following hypothe ... Full text Cite

Developing patient-friendly genetic and genomic test reports: formats to promote patient engagement and understanding.

Journal Article Genome Med · 2014 With the emergence of electronic medical records and patient portals, patients are increasingly able to access their health records, including laboratory reports. However, laboratory reports are usually written for clinicians rather than patients, who may ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of using an epigenetic marker of risk for lung cancer, methylation of p16, to promote smoking cessation among US veterans.

Journal Article BMJ Open Respir Res · 2014 INTRODUCTION: Providing smokers feedback using epigenetic markers of lung cancer risk has yet to be tested as a strategy to motivate smoking cessation. Epigenetic modification of Rb-p16 (p16) due to tobacco exposure is associated with increased risk of dev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Reactions to framing of cessation messages: insights from dual-smoker couples.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · December 2013 IntroductionCouples in which both members smoke (dual-smoker couples) have not been the explicit target of cessation interventions. Quit rates are lower and relapse rates are higher among individuals in dual-smoker couples. A potentially effective ... Full text Cite

Motivations for genetic testing for lung cancer risk among young smokers.

Journal Article Tobacco control · November 2013 ObjectiveTo examine why young people might want to undergo genetic susceptibility testing for lung cancer despite knowing that tested gene variants are associated with small increases in disease risk.MethodsThe authors used a mixed-method ... Full text Cite

Mobile health messages help sustain recent weight loss.

Journal Article Am J Med · November 2013 BACKGROUND: Using regulatory focus theory, an intervention of daily weight loss-sustaining messages was developed and tested for acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy on helping people sustain weight loss. METHODS: Participants (n = 120) were randomized ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a Theoretically Driven mHealth Text Messaging Application for Sustaining Recent Weight Loss.

Journal Article JMIR Mhealth Uhealth · May 7, 2013 BACKGROUND: Mobile phone short message service (SMS) text messaging, has the potential to serve as an intervention medium to promote sustainability of weight loss that can be easily and affordably used by clinicians and consumers. OBJECTIVE: To develop the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Long-term outcomes of the FRESH START trial: exploring the role of self-efficacy in cancer survivors' maintenance of dietary practices and physical activity.

Journal Article Psychooncology · April 2013 BACKGROUND: This study examined whether changes in self-efficacy explain the effects of a mailed print intervention on long-term dietary practices of breast and prostate cancer survivors. The relationship between change in self-efficacy and long-term physi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceptions of smoking-related risk and worry among dual-smoker couples.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · March 2013 IntroductionQuit rates are lower and relapse rates are higher for people in close relationships with a partner who smokes. Although desire to quit is often related to health concerns for one's self, much less is known about psychosocial factors as ... Full text Cite

Presenting quantitative information about decision outcomes: a risk communication primer for patient decision aid developers.

Journal Article BMC medical informatics and decision making · January 2013 BackgroundMaking evidence-based decisions often requires comparison of two or more options. Research-based evidence may exist which quantifies how likely the outcomes are for each option. Understanding these numeric estimates improves patients' ri ... Full text Cite

Testing different communication formats on responses to imagined risk of having versus missing the GSTM1 gene.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · January 2013 Genetic markers of lung cancer susceptibility, such as the common variant of the glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 gene (GSTM1-null), confer small probabilities of disease risk. The authors explored the influence of different approaches to communicating the s ... Full text Cite

Long-term physical activity outcomes of home-based lifestyle interventions among breast and prostate cancer survivors.

Journal Article Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · October 2012 PurposeFew studies have investigated long-term effects of physical activity (PA) interventions. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether or not increased levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were maintained by cancer survi ... Full text Cite

Treatment choices based on Onco type Dx in the breast oncology care setting

Journal Article Journal of Cancer Epidemiology · September 19, 2012 Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate whether OncotypeDx test results predict receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients who received an OncotypeDx recurrence score (RS). Materials and Methods. Pathology records were used to identify b ... Full text Cite

Survey of genetic counselors and clinical geneticists' use and attitudes toward pharmacogenetic testing.

Journal Article Clin Genet · August 2012 Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing aims to improve therapeutic outcomes through tailoring treatment based on a patient's genetic risk for non-response and/or an adverse event. Given their expertise, geneticists could facilitate the use of PGx testing; however, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response to Newman et al

Journal Article Clinical Genetics · August 1, 2012 Full text Cite

Survey of US public attitudes toward pharmacogenetic testing.

Journal Article Pharmacogenomics J · June 2012 To assess public attitudes and interest in pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, we conducted a random-digit-dial telephone survey of US adults, achieving a response rate of 42% (n=1139). Most respondents expressed interest in PGx testing to predict mild or serio ... Full text Link to item Cite

It's the amount of thought that counts: when ambivalence contributes to mammography screening delay.

Journal Article Womens Health Issues · March 2012 PURPOSE: This study examines whether ambivalence toward mammography screening, as moderated by total amount of thought given to the reasons for and against getting mammograms at recommended intervals, predicts greater delay in obtaining subsequent screenin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overutilization of endoscopic surveillance in nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter study.

Journal Article Gastrointestinal endoscopy · January 2012 BackgroundGuidelines suggest that patients with nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) undergo endoscopic surveillance every 3 to 5 years, but actual use of surveillance endoscopy and the determinants of variation in surveillance intervals are not ... Full text Cite

Knowledge about genomic recurrence risk testing among breast cancer survivors.

Journal Article Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · December 2011 Genomic expression profiling of tumors is used to individualize early-stage breast cancer treatment. However, very little is known about patients' understanding of and desired information about these tests, such as Oncotype DX. We addressed these issues vi ... Full text Cite

Young smokers' views of genetic susceptibility testing for lung cancer risk: minding unintended consequences.

Journal Article Journal of community genetics · September 2011 Assessment of smokers' responses to individualized feedback of genetic susceptibility has shown little or no influence on smoking cessation outcomes. One explanation is that smokers may be having unintended responses that undermine the feedback's motivatio ... Full text Cite

Public attitudes toward ancillary information revealed by pharmacogenetic testing under limited information conditions.

Journal Article Genet Med · August 2011 PURPOSE: Pharmacogenetic testing can inform drug dosing and selection by aiding in estimating a patient's genetic risk of adverse response and/or failure to respond. Some pharmacogenetic tests may generate ancillary clinical information unrelated to the dr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Affecting perceptions of harm and addiction among college waterpipe tobacco smokers.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 2011 INTRODUCTION: The spread of waterpipe tobacco use among youth may be due in part to perceptions that waterpipe tobacco use is safer than other tobacco products, such as cigarettes. In two pilot studies, we sought to modify college waterpipe smokers' percei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parents' attitudes toward pediatric genetic testing for common disease risk.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 2011 ObjectiveTo describe parents' attitudes toward pediatric genetic testing for common, adult-onset health conditions and to identify factors underlying these attitudes.Participants and methodsParents (n = 219) enrolled in a large, group-pra ... Full text Cite

Communicating genetic and genomic information: health literacy and numeracy considerations.

Journal Article Public health genomics · January 2011 Genomic research is transforming our understanding of the role of genes in health and disease. These advances, and their application to common diseases that affect large segments of the general population, suggest that researchers and practitioners in publ ... Full text Cite

Self-affirmation moderates effects of unrealistic optimism and pessimism on reactions to tailored risk feedback.

Journal Article Psychology & health · December 2010 We examined whether self-affirmation would facilitate intentions to engage in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among individuals who were off-schedule for CRC screening and who were categorised as unrealistically optimistic, realistic or unrealistically p ... Full text Cite

Women's experiences with genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk.

Journal Article Cancer · April 2010 BackgroundFew studies have examined how patients understand and use genomic test results when deciding about treatment. This study examined how women receive and incorporate results of Oncotype DX, a genomic test that offers recurrence risk estima ... Full text Cite

Breast cancer patients' treatment expectations after exposure to the decision aid program adjuvant online: the influence of numeracy.

Journal Article Med Decis Making · 2010 The decision aid called ''Adjuvant Online'' (Adjuvant! for short) helps breast cancer patients make treatment decisions by providing numerical estimates of treatment efficacy (e.g., 10-y relapse or survival). Studies exploring how patients' numeracy intera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding the role of numeracy in health: proposed theoretical framework and practical insights.

Journal Article Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · December 2009 Numeracy-that is, how facile people are with mathematical concepts and their applications-is gaining importance in medical decision making and risk communication. This article proposes six critical functions of health numeracy. These functions are integrat ... Full text Cite

Facilitating consumer clinical information seeking by maintaining referential context: evaluation of a prototypic approach.

Journal Article AMIA Annu Symp Proc · November 14, 2009 Millions of consumers seek health information on the Internet. Unfortunately, this searching often falls short because of design limitations of many consumer-oriented Web sites. In this paper, we describe an approach that addresses several known barriers t ... Link to item Cite

Decision making about cancer screening: an assessment of the state of the science and a suggested research agenda from the ASPO Behavioral Oncology and Cancer Communication Special Interest Group.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · November 2009 The decision aid called "Adjuvant Online" (Adjuvant! for short) helps breast cancer patients make treatment decisions by providing numerical estimates of treatment efficacy (e.g., 10-y relapse or survival). Studies exploring how patients' numeracy interact ... Full text Cite

Responses to online GSTM1 genetic test results among smokers related to patients with lung cancer: a pilot study.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · July 2009 Providing smokers with personal genetic test results indicating increased lung cancer risk may increase uptake of effective smoking cessation services. Using the internet may increase reach and enable real-time assessment of how people process genetic risk ... Full text Cite

College smokers' estimates of their probabilities of remaining a smoker in the near future.

Journal Article Journal of health psychology · May 2009 Community college and university smokers (N = 662) estimated their probability (0% to 100%) of remaining a smoker one and six months later and reported their confidence in their estimates. Smoking status was assessed at each time point. Analyses controlled ... Full text Cite

Cancer survivors' health worries and associations with lifestyle practices.

Journal Article J Health Psychol · November 2008 This study examined among recently diagnosed breast and prostate cancer survivors (N = 678) associations between worry about a future diagnosis of heart disease or cancer and hypothetical and actual adherence to exercise and dietary guidelines. Greater wor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intentions to maintain adherence to mammography.

Journal Article Journal of women's health (2002) · September 2008 ObjectiveRecent attention has focused on moving women from having initial mammograms to maintaining adherence to regular mammography schedules. We examined behavioral intentions to maintain mammography adherence, which include the likelihood of pe ... Full text Cite

Clinical implications of numeracy: theory and practice.

Journal Article Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · June 2008 BackgroundLow numeracy is pervasive and constrains informed patient choice, reduces medication compliance, limits access to treatments, impairs risk communication, and affects medical outcomes; therefore, it is incumbent upon providers to minimize ... Full text Cite

Differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes at 1- and 2-year follow-up of cancer survivors accrued via self-referral versus cancer registry in the FRESH START Diet and exercise trial.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · May 2008 Participant accrual to research studies is a challenge; oftentimes, advertisements are used to supplement cases ascertained through clinic caseloads and cancer registries. It is unknown, however, if cases ascertained through these two sources differ. In th ... Full text Link to item Cite

The feasibility of online genetic testing for lung cancer susceptibility: uptake of a web-based protocol and decision outcomes.

Journal Article Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · February 2008 PurposeTo examine the feasibility of offering genetic susceptibility testing for lung cancer (GSTM1) via the Internet to smokers who were blood relatives of patients with lung cancer. Outcomes include proportion who logged on to the study website ... Full text Cite

Nicotine replacement and behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · October 2007 BACKGROUND: This study examines whether adding nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pregnant smokers increases rates of smoking cessation. METHODS: An open-label randomized trial (Baby Steps, n=181) of CBT-only versu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Numeric, verbal, and visual formats of conveying health risks: suggested best practices and future recommendations.

Journal Article Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · September 2007 Perception of health risk can affect medical decisions and health behavior change. Yet the concept of risk is a difficult one for the public to grasp. Whether perceptions of risk affect decisions and behaviors often relies on how messages of risk magnitude ... Full text Cite

Main outcomes of the FRESH START trial: a sequentially tailored, diet and exercise mailed print intervention among breast and prostate cancer survivors.

Journal Article J Clin Oncol · July 1, 2007 PURPOSE: Cancer survivors are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and second primary tumors. Healthful lifestyle practices may improve the health and well-being of survivors. The FRESH START trial tested the efficacy of se ... Full text Link to item Cite

Atypia in random periareolar fine-needle aspiration affects the decision of women at high risk to take tamoxifen for breast cancer chemoprevention.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · May 2007 Random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) is a research procedure designed to (a) evaluate short-term breast cancer risk in women at high risk for developing breast cancer, and (b) track response to chemoprevention. Of import, cellular atypia in br ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of providing lung age and respiratory symptoms feedback on community college smokers' perceived smoking-related health risks, worries and desire to quit.

Journal Article Addictive behaviors · March 2007 This study examined the effects of providing lung age, as assessed via a lung function test (spirometry), and respiratory symptoms feedback on college smokers' perceived smoking-related risks, worries and desire to quit. We also investigated whether smoker ... Full text Cite

Challenges and solutions for recruiting pregnant smokers into a nicotine replacement therapy trial.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 2006 Improvements in smoking cessation interventions for pregnant smokers are needed. One major step is to examine the potential effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The potential benefits of providing pregnant women with NRT to help them quit s ... Full text Link to item Cite

The functions of affect in health communications and in the construction of health preferences

Journal Article Journal of Communication · August 1, 2006 We examine potential roles of 4 functions of affect in health communication and the construction of health preferences. The roles of these 4 functions (affect as information, as a spotlight, as a motivator, and as common currency) are illustrated in the ar ... Full text Cite

Effects of communicating social comparison information on risk perceptions for colorectal cancer.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · June 2006 People typically believe their health risks are lower than those of others (i.e., optimistic bias). We sought to increase perceptions of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk among adults aged 50-75 who were nonadherent to fecal occult screening (FOBT). 160 partici ... Full text Cite

Recruiting teen smokers in shopping malls to a smoking-cessation program using the foot-in-the-door technique

Journal Article Journal of Applied Social Psychology · May 1, 2006 Persuading teen smokers to volunteer for smoking-cessation programs is a challenging yet understudied problem. As a method of dealing with this problem, we used and tested a foot-in-the-door (FITD) approach. Teen smokers were intercepted at malls and were ... Full text Cite

Impact of customized videotape education on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Journal Article Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation · March 2006 PurposeTo compare the impact of a library of pulmonary rehabilitation videotapes versus an older videotape and usual care on quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Full text Cite

The teachable moment following cancer diagnosis: the FRESH START trial.

Journal Article American Journal of Oncology Review · January 2006 no abstract available ... Cite

Interest in testing for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer among Black college students "at risk" of becoming cigarette smokers.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · December 2005 Receptivity to genetic testing for lung cancer susceptibility was assessed among African American college freshmen, who held attitudes favorable towards or had experimented with cigarette smoking. Students (n = 95) completed a telephone survey that assesse ... Full text Cite

Multiple tailored messages are effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among callers to the Cancer Information Service.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · December 2005 Results are reported from a large (n = 3,402) four-group randomized trial to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among callers to the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service (CIS) using tailored print materials. Following a base ... Full text Cite

Ambivalence over emotional expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and their caregivers: associations with patient pain and quality of life.

Journal Article Pain · October 2005 This study examined the role of patient and caregiver ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) in pain and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of 78 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Measures of ambivalence over emotional expression as well as r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Breast cancer risk perceptions and breast cancer worry: What predicts what?

Journal Article Journal of Risk Research · July 1, 2005 This longitudinal study explored the relationship between perceived breast cancer risk and worry. We measured both absolute and comparative risk perceptions, and also used the Gail algorithm to assess the accuracy of participants' risk perceptions. Three h ... Full text Cite

Assessing attitudinal ambivalence towards smoking and its association with desire to quit among teen smokers

Journal Article Psychology and Health · June 1, 2005 Most smokers have some conflicting thoughts and feelings about their smoking; that is, they feel ambivalent. Whether felt ambivalence can be adequately measured and then used to predict the desire to quit among teen smokers has yet to be explored. Hence, a ... Full text Cite

Increasing colorectal cancer screening among individuals in the carpentry trade: test of risk communication interventions.

Journal Article Prev Med · May 2005 BACKGROUND: Individuals in the carpentry trade, due to lifestyle habits and occupational exposures, may be at above-average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on the literature which suggests that increasing perceived risk motivates behavior change, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

The efficacy of tailored print materials in promoting colorectal cancer screening: results from a randomized trial involving callers to the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · January 2005 In this large randomized trial among callers to the Cancer Information Service (CIS), tailored print materials were tested for efficacy in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (fecal occult blood test [FOBT], flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy). ... Full text Cite

Agreement between a brief mailed screener and an in-depth telephone survey: observations from the Fresh Start study.

Journal Article J Am Diet Assoc · October 2004 Brief screening instruments can roughly characterize individual behavior and target those most in need of change. However, the level of agreement between abbreviated and full-scale instruments is often unknown. We determined agreement between a brief scree ... Full text Link to item Cite

Testing the interaction between parent-child relationship factors and parent smoking to predict youth smoking.

Journal Article The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · September 2004 PurposeTo examine if parental smoking modifies the association between parent-child connectedness and parental disapproval of youth smoking with smoking behavior among minority youth.MethodsBaseline data from an urban Seattle, Washington ... Full text Cite

A randomized trial comparing the effects of self-help materials and proactive telephone counseling on teen smoking cessation.

Journal Article Health Psychol · July 2004 We conducted a 2-arm randomized trial to test the efficacy of self-help materials with or without proactive telephone counseling to increase cessation among teen smokers. Teen smokers (N = 402) recruited from 11 shopping malls and 1 amusement park in the s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modifying attributions of colorectal cancer risk.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · April 2004 We report how a four-group risk communication intervention targeted to individuals in the carpentry trade affected their perceived causes (i.e., attributions) for increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The intervention varied the amount of information pre ... Link to item Cite

Interpretation of genetic risk feedback among African American smokers with low socioeconomic status.

Journal Article Health Psychol · March 2004 The authors report on factors related to interpretation of feedback on genetic susceptibility to lung cancer among 371 African American smokers receiving care in a community health clinic, with a focus on whether smokers were interpreting feedback consiste ... Full text Link to item Cite

Accuracy of self-reports of fecal occult blood tests and test results among individuals in the carpentry trade.

Journal Article Prev Med · November 2003 BACKGROUND: Inaccuracy in self-reports of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening procedures (e.g., over- or underreporting) may interfere with individuals adhering to appropriate screening intervals, and can blur the true effects of physician recommendations to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reminder letter, tailored stepped-care, and self-choice comparison for repeat mammography.

Journal Article American journal of preventive medicine · November 2003 BackgroundThe main benefits of mammography come from regular on-schedule screening. However, few studies have examined interventions to achieve repeat screening.Setting and participantsParticipants were women aged 50 to 74, recruited thro ... Full text Cite

Cancer incidence among union carpenters in New Jersey.

Journal Article J Occup Environ Med · October 2003 A cohort of 13,354 male union carpenters in New Jersey was linked to cancer registry data to investigate cancer incidence during 1979 through 2000. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). ... Full text Link to item Cite

The social context of gastrointestinal cancer pain: a preliminary study examining the relation of patient pain catastrophizing to patient perceptions of social support and caregiver stress and negative responses.

Journal Article Pain · May 2003 A number of studies have shown that catastrophizing is an important predictor of pain and disability in persons having persistent pain conditions. The newly developed communal model of catastrophizing maintains that catastrophizing is a part of broader, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Manipulating perceptions of colorectal cancer threat: implications for screening intentions and behaviors.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · May 2003 Affecting peoples' perceptions of the health threat of colorectal cancer (CRC), that is, the probability of the cancer's occurrence multiplied by the severity of the outcomes, has not been experimentally manipulated as a means to increase CRC screening int ... Full text Cite

Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation.

Journal Article Health education research · April 2003 The label 'teachable moment' (TM) has been used to describe naturally occurring health events thought to motivate individuals to spontaneously adopt risk-reducing health behaviors. This manuscript summarizes the evidence of TMs for smoking cessation, and m ... Full text Cite

Design of FRESH START: a randomized trial of exercise and diet among cancer survivors.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · March 2003 PURPOSE: FRESH START is a randomized controlled trial that will test whether a personally tailored, distance-medicine-based program will increase exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption, and decrease fat intake of individuals recently diagnosed with b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Affect, framing, and persuasion

Journal Article Journal of Marketing Research · January 1, 2003 The authors conduct two experiments that indicate that the effectiveness of loss-versus gain-framed messages depends on the affective state of the message recipient. In Experiment 1, the authors find that participants induced with a positive mood are more ... Full text Cite

Evaluating participants' use of a hormone replacement therapy decision-making intervention.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · December 2002 BACKGROUND: Associations between optimal use of a tailored decision-aid and levels of accuracy of perceived breast cancer risk, confidence in decision-making, and satisfaction with decisions about HRT were evaluated in a randomized intervention trial with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reported cessation advice given to African Americans by health care providers in a community health clinic.

Journal Article J Community Health · December 2002 Physician smoking cessation advice has been shown to be effective in encouraging patients to attempt cessation. Few studies have examined factors associated with patient-reported physician advice in an inner city community health clinic. Smokers identified ... Full text Link to item Cite

American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibition.

Journal Article Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · August 2002 ObjectiveTo update an evidence-based technology assessment of chemoprevention strategies for breast cancer risk reduction. POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS: Tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibition, and fenretinide.OutcomesOutcomes of interest ... Full text Cite

Depressive Realism and Health Risk Accuracy: The Negative Consequences of Positive Mood

Journal Article Journal of Consumer Research · June 1, 2002 We examine the role of level of depression on updating of health-related risk estimates. Participants provided their risk of getting breast cancer before (baseline) and after (follow-up) receiving personalized (experiment 1) or standard (experiment 2) medi ... Full text Cite

Incorporating genetic susceptibility feedback into a smoking cessation program for African-American smokers with low income.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · June 2002 PURPOSE: Markers of genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancers could personalize harms of smoking and motivate cessation. Our objective was to assess whether a multicomponent intervention that included feedback about genetic susceptibility to lung c ... Link to item Cite

Factors associated with patient-recalled smoking cessation advice in a low-income clinic.

Journal Article J Natl Med Assoc · May 2002 It is recommended that providers advise cessation to their patients who smoke. However, patients' reports of cessation advice indicate disparities based on patients' race, gender, age, and smoking level. Providers' reports do not corroborate these disparit ... Link to item Cite

Effects of a mammography decision-making intervention at 12 and 24 months.

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · May 2002 BACKGROUND: Most women are not getting regular mammograms, and there is confusion about several mammography-related issues, including the age at which women should begin screening. Numerous groups have called for informed decision making about mammography, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effectiveness of telephone counseling for mammography: results from five randomized trials.

Journal Article Preventive medicine · January 2002 BackgroundWomen over age 50 continue to be underscreened for breast cancer. The purpose of this report is to compare the effectiveness of a barrier-specific telephone counseling intervention across the five study sites of the Breast Cancer Screeni ... Full text Cite

Influence of stereotyping in smoking cessation counseling by primary care residents.

Journal Article Ethn Dis · 2002 This study examined racial differences in primary care residents' rates of addressing smoking cessation. We expected residents to have higher rates of addressing cessation with White female patients as compared with African-American or Hispanic female pati ... Link to item Cite

How do residents prioritize smoking cessation for young "high-risk" women? Factors associated with addressing smoking cessation.

Journal Article Prev Med · October 2001 BACKGROUND: Sixty-seven percent of physicians report advising their smoking patients to quit. Primary care residents' priorities for preventive health for a young "high-risk" female are unknown. Factors related to residents addressing smoking also need exa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Communicating breast cancer risks to women using different formats.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · August 2001 Using a pre-post test design with a baseline, laboratory, and a 6-month follow-up, we communicated women's objective breast cancer risks, based on the Gail Model, using two formats: (a) range of risks (e.g., risk of breast cancer can be as low as 1% and as ... Cite

Women's interest in chemoprevention for breast cancer.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · July 9, 2001 BACKGROUND: Chemoprevention is the use of pharmacologic or natural agents to inhibit the development of cancer. Tamoxifen citrate is the only approved chemopreventive agent for breast cancer. We sought to determine whether women are interested in taking a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The short-term impact of tailored mammography decision-making interventions.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · June 2001 BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term impact of decision-making interventions on knowledge about mammography, accuracy of women's breast cancer risk perceptions, attitudes toward mammography, satisfaction with decisions, and mammography use since the inte ... Full text Link to item Cite

A just and an unjust world: Structure and validity of different world beliefs

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · March 1, 2001 In three studies, we tested the hypothesis that the belief in a just and an unjust world are distinct constructs. The two-factor model was supported through the use of structural equation modeling and the pattern of correlations with religiosity, well-bein ... Full text Cite

The relationship between attitudinal ambivalence and desire to quit smoking among college smokers

Journal Article Journal of Applied Social Psychology · January 1, 2001 Growing evidence shows that attitudes can exist on a bivariate rather than a bipolar plane. This conceptualization provides a more dynamic approach to studying how attitudinal ambivalence (i.e., evaluating an attitude object as both positive and negative) ... Full text Cite

Informing women about their breast cancer risks: truth and consequences.

Journal Article Health communication · January 2001 We assessed the extent to which informing women about their risk for breast cancer affected their perceived 10-year and lifetime risks for getting breast cancer, their emotional reactions toward getting breast cancer, and their intentions to get mammograms ... Full text Cite

General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples.

Journal Article Med Decis Making · 2001 BACKGROUND: Numeracy, how facile people are with basic probability and mathematical concepts, is associated with how people perceive health risks. Performance on simple numeracy problems has been poor among populations with little as well as more formal ed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Colorectal cancer risk perceptions and screening intentions in a minority population.

Journal Article Journal of the National Medical Association · October 2000 This is a 2-year follow-up to a previously reported baseline paper. We focused on a predominantly low-income African-American population from a community health center and investigated the relationships among perceptions of perceived risks for colorectal c ... Cite

Relationships among breast cancer perceived absolute risk, comparative risk, and worries.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · September 2000 When trying to predict breast cancer screening, it may be important to understand the relationships between perceived breast cancer risks and worries about getting breast cancer. This study examines the extent to which women's worries about breast cancer c ... Link to item Cite

Psychological impact of diagnosis and risk reduction among cancer survivors.

Journal Article Psycho-oncology · September 2000 Life-threatening health events prompt psychological distress that may motivate individuals to reduce health risks. If so, interventions timed to take advantage of these 'teachable moments' could be particularly effective. To explore this association, early ... Full text Cite

Current health behaviors and readiness to pursue life-style changes among men and women diagnosed with early stage prostate and breast carcinomas.

Journal Article Cancer · February 2000 BackgroundCancer survivors are at increased risk for developing secondary tumors, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease, thus making them an important target population for health-related interventions. However, little is known regard ... Full text Cite

Maximizing the motivational impact of feedback of lung cancer susceptibility on smokers' desire to quit.

Journal Article J Health Commun · 2000 This two-by-two factorially designed study evaluate approaches for communicating feedback of lung cancer susceptibility to smokers as a method for motivating smoking cessation. The study factors were: method of communicating feedback (by mail with telephon ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of abnormal mammograms on psychosocial outcomes and subsequent screening.

Journal Article Psychooncology · 2000 Few studies have examined the impact of abnormal mammograms on subsequent mammography screening and psychosocial outcomes specifically as a function of the length of time that has passed since the abnormal test result. This cross-sectional report compared ... Full text Link to item Cite

Can tailored interventions increase mammography use among HMO women?

Journal Article Am J Prev Med · January 2000 BACKGROUND: Telephone counseling and tailored print communications have emerged as promising methods for promoting mammography screening. However, there has been little research testing, within the same randomized field trial, of the efficacy of these two ... Full text Link to item Cite

Testing different formats for communicating colorectal cancer risk.

Journal Article Journal of health communication · October 1999 This study assessed the extent to which different formats of informing men and women age 50 and over of the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) affected their perceptions of their absolute and comparative (self versus other) 10-year and lifetime risks; emotio ... Full text Cite

The impact of tailored interventions on a community health center population.

Journal Article Patient Educ Couns · June 1999 We conducted a 4-year randomized study in a community health center that serves primarily low income Blacks in Durham, North Carolina. Patients (1318 at baseline) were assigned randomly to one of three study groups: provider prompting intervention alone, p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships among breast cancer concern, risk perceptions, and interest in genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility among African-American women with and without a family history of breast cancer.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · June 1999 There has been very little research exploring the relationships among perceptions of, and concern about, getting breast cancer and interest in genetic testing for breast cancer among African-American women with and without a family history of breast cancer ... Cite

Confusion about mammography: prevalence and consequences.

Journal Article J Womens Health Gend Based Med · May 1999 Over the last decade, there has been significant controversy about the schedule on which women, particularly women in their 40s, should have mammograms. The purpose of the analysis reported here was to assess whether women in their 40s and 50s were confuse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using tailored interventions to enhance smoking cessation among African-Americans at a community health center.

Journal Article Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · March 1999 This prospective randomized study examined the impact of three tailored intervention approaches to increase quitting rates among African-American smokers who were clients of a community health center that serves primarily low-income and indigent persons. S ... Full text Cite

The visual communication of risk.

Journal Article Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · January 1999 This paper 1) provides reasons why graphics should be effective aids to communicate risk; 2) reviews the use of visuals, especially graphical displays, to communicate risk; 3) discusses issues to consider when designing graphs to communicate risk; and 4) p ... Full text Cite

A field experiment using the foot-in-the-door technique to recruit teen smokers to smoking cessation programs

Journal Article Social Marketing Quarterly · December 1, 1998 Behavioral compliance approaches such as the foot-in-the-door technique (Freedman & Fraser, 1966; Pliner, Hart, Kohl & Saari, 1974) have been tested and used in several social marketing programs (Scott, 1977; Ford & Spekman, 1981). However, much more needs ... Full text Cite

Underusers of mammogram screening: stage of adoption in five U.S. subpopulations. The NCI Breast Cancer Screening Consortium.

Journal Article Preventive medicine · May 1998 BackgroundThe purpose of this report is to describe the characteristics of women ages 50 to 80 who do not follow commonly accepted mammography screening guidelines. It provides unique understanding of the robustness of characteristics of underuser ... Full text Cite

Relationships among objective and subjective risk for breast cancer and mammography stages of change.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · December 1996 This study examined the relationships among objective and subjective risk for breast cancer and mammography stages of change as defined by the Transtheoretical Model. Women who had higher objective risk of breast cancer, as defined by the Gail et al. algor ... Cite

Colorectal screening patterns and perceptions of risk among African-American users of a community health center.

Journal Article Journal of community health · December 1996 This study investigated risk perceptions and screening patterns for colorectal cancer among predominately low-income African-Americans age 50 and older who used a community health center. The majority of respondents either rated their risk as below average ... Full text Cite

Relationships among belief in a just world, willingness to accommodate, and marital well-being

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1996 The relationship between willingness to accommodate and belief in a just world (JW), possible mediators of this relationship, and their impact on marital satisfaction and perceived conflict were examined among older and younger married couples. In both sam ... Full text Cite

The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus for others: Implications for psychological well-being

Journal Article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1996 Studies have shown that the belief in a just world (BJW) is related to psychological well-being. The authors suggest that studies exploring this relationship might benefit by making the distinction between the BJW for self versus for others or in general. ... Full text Cite

The dissociation of catecholamine and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to daily stressors using dexamethasone.

Journal Article The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · August 1995 The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) systems are implicated in the human stress response. One characterization of these systems is that they are nonspecific in their response, but differ in activation threshold a ... Full text Cite

Do comparative self-appraisals during young adulthood predict adult personality?

Journal Article Psychol Aging · June 1995 Archival data from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study were used to assess whether positive, neutral, and negative social comparisons assessed during college predicted the expression of personality during adulthood. College students in 1966 ... Full text Link to item Cite

A short MMPI scale to identify people likely to begin smoking.

Journal Article J Pers Assess · April 1994 An item analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was conducted to develop questionnaires that best discriminated (a) individuals who ever smoked versus those who never smoked and (b) ex-smokers from current smokers. The analyses w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Personality measures as predictors of smoking initiation and cessation in the UNC Alumni Heart Study.

Journal Article Health Psychol · March 1994 MMPI data collected from a sample of college men and women during 1964-1967 were used to predict smoking initiation and cessation over a 20-year follow-up period. People who subsequently began smoking were more rebellious, impulsive, sensation seeking, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The belief in a just world and perceptions of discrimination.

Journal Article J Psychol · July 1993 We examined the relationship between the belief in a just world and frequency of self-reported acts of personal discrimination. American adults with a strong belief in a just world reported fewer acts of personal discrimination against themselves than thos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactions to individuals who are consistently positive or negative: The impact of differing interaction goals.

Journal Article Human Relations · April 1993 Exposed 191 undergraduates to 1 of 2 interaction goals, and examined their attraction to interaction partners who differed in valence and variability. Ss evaluated the desirability of potential interaction partners who were positive vs negative in their ev ... Full text Cite

Age differences in hostility among middle-aged and older adults.

Journal Article Psychol Aging · March 1993 Multiple measures of hostility were administered to middle-aged and older volunteers. There was a positive association between age and self-report measures reflecting hostile beliefs about others, including cynicism and suspiciousness. There was a weak inv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do optimists distort their predictions for future positive and negative events?

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · January 1, 1993 Trait optimism as measured by the Life Orientation Test was explored as a predictor of judgemental distortions for positive and negative events within varying time-frames. Subjects were asked to predict their absolute or relative chances of experiencing po ... Full text Cite

What do we really want?: Mental models of ideal romantic involvement explored through multidimensional scaling

Journal Article Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1993 Three studies extended the comparison level construct by exploring young adults′ mental models of ideal romantic involvement. Studies 1 and 2 were three-phase multidimensional scaling studies. In Phase 1 subjects′ descriptions of ideal involvement were sol ... Full text Cite

A heuristic model to explain perceptions of unjust events

Journal Article Social Justice Research · December 1, 1992 A heuristic model was proposed to explain the dimensions people use to evaluate an event as unjust. The model predicted that people will use three main dimensions to evaluate an event as unjust: (i) issues of entitlement (i.e., deservingness) (ii) interact ... Full text Cite

Accommodation Processes in Close Relationships: Theory and Preliminary Empirical Evidence

Journal Article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1991 A theory of accommodation processes is advanced, and the results of 6 studies are reported. Accommodation refers to the willingness, when a partner has engaged in a potentially destructive act, to inhibit impulses to react destructively and instead react c ... Full text Cite

The construction and preliminary validation of a global belief in a just world scale and the exploratory analysis of the multidimensional belief in a just world scale

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · January 1, 1991 The goal of the present study was to create and validate a global belief in a just world scale and to assess the psychometric properties of the multidimensional just world scale using subjects in the United States. The desirable psychometric properties of ... Full text Cite