Scholars@Duke
Jason Eric Stout

Jason Eric Stout

Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Infectious Diseases
stout002@mc.duke.edu
Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
181 Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Salvage treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with micafungin and clindamycin: a case report

Journal Article AME Medical Journal · March 30, 2025 Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Current therapeutic options for PJP may be limited by toxicities, and alternate therapeutic options with fewer side effects are lim ... Full text Cite

A Balancing Act: Finding the Right Dose of Pyrazinamide to Treat Tuberculosis.

Journal Article American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · December 2024 Full text Cite

Beyond Infection: Mortality and End-of-Life Care Associated With Infectious Disease Consultation in an Academic Health System.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 15, 2024 BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium immunogenum acquisition from hospital tap water: a genomic and epidemiologic analysis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 12, 2024 We identified 23 cases of Mycobacterium immunogenum respiratory acquisition linked to a colonized plumbing system at a new hospital addition. We conducted a genomic and epidemiologic investigation to assess for clonal acquisition of M. immunogenum from hos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid in the United States: Experience Using a Novel All-Oral Treatment Regimen for Treatment of Rifampin-Resistant or Rifampin-Intolerant Tuberculosis Disease.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 5, 2023 BACKGROUND: Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide; only one-third of persons start treatment, and outcomes are often inadequate. Several trials demonstrate 90% efficacy using an all-oral, 6-month regimen of bedaquiline, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examining Test Cutoffs to Optimize Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Born Outside the United States.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · September 2023 Rationale: Detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in persons born in high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries living in low TB incidence countries is key to TB elimination in low-incidence countries. Optimizing LTBI tests is critical to target ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disparities in Mpox Vaccination Among Priority Populations During the 2022 Outbreak.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2023 BACKGROUND: The 2022 mpox outbreak disproportionately affected men who have sex with men and persons living with HIV (PLWH). A 2-dose mpox vaccine series was deployed in mid-2022. Structural racism and insurance status may have affected equitable vaccinati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in Children <2 Years Old.

Journal Article J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc · August 31, 2023 While interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection, tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) remain preferred for children under the age of 2 years. The preference for TST stems from concern over IGRA sensitivity in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Concurrent Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Patients Tested for Mpox at a Tertiary Healthcare System.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · August 2023 Coinfection with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mpox is common. We evaluated concurrent STI testing among Duke Health patients tested for mpox. We found that most patients tested for mpox were not comprehensively tested for STIs, despite concur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Healthcare Utilization Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Latent Class Analysis.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · July 2023 BACKGROUND: We previously identified 3 latent classes of healthcare utilization among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH): adherent, nonadherent, and sick. Although membership in the "nonadherent" group was associated with subsequent disengageme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Statistical Process Control Methods for Early Detection of Healthcare Facility-Associated Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Outbreaks: A Single-Center Pilot Study.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 17, 2023 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens increasingly implicated in healthcare facility-associated (HCFA) infections and outbreaks. We analyzed the performance of statistical process control (SPC) methods in detecting HCFA NTM o ... Full text Link to item Cite

To Err Is Human, to Forgive Is Pharmacodynamic.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · January 15, 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

An ancestral mycobacterial effector promotes dissemination of infection

Conference MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL · 2023 Cite

An ancestral mycobacterial effector promotes dissemination of infection

Conference MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL · 2023 Cite

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health-related admissions at a large university health system in North Carolina - one year into the pandemic.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 OBJECTIVE: Pandemic-associated stress may have exacerbated preexisting mental health and substance use disorders (MH/SUD) and caused new MH/SUD diagnoses which would be expected to lead to an increase in visits to emergency departments and hospital admissi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Factors Associated With Receiving Longer Than Recommended Therapy Among Culture-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · December 2022 BACKGROUND: US tuberculosis (TB) guidelines recommend treatment ≥6 months with a regimen composed of multiple effective anti-TB drugs. Since 2003, a 4-month regimen for a specific subset of TB patients has also been recommended. METHODS: We used 2011-2018 ... Full text Link to item Cite

An ancestral mycobacterial effector promotes dissemination of infection.

Journal Article Cell · November 23, 2022 The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically causes lung disease but can also disseminate to other tissues. We identified a M. tuberculosis (Mtb) outbreak presenting with unusually high rates of extrapulmonary dissemination and bone disease. We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Journal Article medRxiv · August 16, 2022 BACKGROUND: Results from observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have led to the consensus that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) are not effective for COVID-19 prevention or treatment. Pooling individual participant data, i ... Full text Link to item Cite

A long-acting formulation of rifabutin is effective for prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Journal Article Nat Commun · August 8, 2022 Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment requires strict adherence to drug regimens for prolonged periods of time. Long-acting (LA) delivery ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex With and Without Coinfections.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · August 2022 Coinfections are more common in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Infiltrates on imaging studies are seen more commonly in patients with coinfections, but coinfections did not affect treatment outcomes of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium compl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Consensus management recommendations for less common non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases.

Journal Article The Lancet. Infectious diseases · July 2022 The 2020 clinical practice guideline for the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) by the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Infect ... Full text Cite

Variability of interferon-γ release assays in people at high risk of tuberculosis infection or progression to tuberculosis disease living in the United States.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Infect · July 2022 OBJECTIVES: Interferon-γ release assays, including T-SPOT.TB (TSPOT) and QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QFT), are important diagnostic tools for tuberculosis infection, but little work has been done to study the performance of these tests in populations priorit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel Regimens of Bedaquiline-Pyrazinamide Combined with Moxifloxacin, Rifabutin, Delamanid and/or OPC-167832 in Murine Tuberculosis Models.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · April 19, 2022 A recent landmark trial showed a 4-month regimen of rifapentine, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, and isoniazid (PZMH) to be noninferior to the 6-month standard of care. Here, two murine models of tuberculosis were used to test whether novel regimens replacing ... Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 Trials: Who Participates and Who Benefits?

Journal Article South Med J · April 2022 OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately afflicted vulnerable populations. Older adults, particularly residents of nursing facilities, represent a small percentage of the population but account for 40% of mortalit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Genomic Analysis of a Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: Implications on Transmission.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 19, 2022 Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has recently been used to investigate acquisition of Mycobacterium abscessus. Investigators have reached conflicting conclusions about the meaning of genetic distances for interpretation of person-to-person transmission. Exist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of three tests for latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk people in the USA: an observational cohort study.

Journal Article Lancet Infect Dis · January 2022 BACKGROUND: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is an important strategy to prevent tuberculosis disease. In the USA, three tests are used to identify latent tuberculosis infection: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and two IFN-γ release assays (T-SPOT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 BACKGROUND: Results from observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have led to the consensus that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) are not effective for COVID-19 prevention or treatment. Pooling individual participant data, i ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Non-US-Born Persons by Country of Birth-United States, 2012-2017.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 2, 2021 BACKGROUND: Most tuberculosis (TB) disease in the United States (US) is attributed to reactivation of remotely acquired latent TB infection (LTBI) in non-US-born persons who were likely infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their countries of birth. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimal Testing Choice and Diagnostic Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among US-Born People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 5, 2021 BACKGROUND: Increased risk of progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to tuberculosis (TB) disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) prioritizes them for LTBI testing and treatment. Studies comparing the perfor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tap Water Avoidance Decreases Rates of Hospital-onset Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 2, 2021 We analyzed the impact of a hospital tap water avoidance protocol on respiratory isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). After protocol implementation, hospital-onset episodes of respiratory NTM isolation on high-risk units decreased from 41.0 to 9 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimising pyrazinamide for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Journal Article Eur Respir J · July 2021 Pyrazinamide is a potent sterilising agent that shortens the treatment duration needed to cure tuberculosis. It is synergistic with novel and existing drugs for tuberculosis. The dose of pyrazinamide that optimises efficacy while remaining safe is uncertai ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Cluster of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Tenosynovitis Following Hurricane Relief Efforts.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 15, 2021 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a rare cause of infectious tenosynovitis of the upper extremity. Using molecular methods, clinical microbiology laboratories are increasingly reporting identification down to the species level. Improved met ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Reduction in Expected Survival Associated With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 18, 2021 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistically pathogenic bacteria that are found abundantly in the soil and water. Susceptible individuals exposed to NTM-containing aerosols from environmental sources may develop NTM pulmonary disease ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social Disadvantage, Politics, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Trends: A County-level Analysis of United States Data.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 18, 2021 BACKGROUND: Understanding the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for public health control efforts. Social, demographic, and political characteristics at the United States (US) county level might be as ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Journal Article Nat Commun · April 15, 2021 Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Invasive Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection After Cardiac Surgery: Epidemiology, Management, and Clinical Outcomes.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 8, 2021 BACKGROUND: We recently mitigated a clonal outbreak of hospital-acquired Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), which included a large cluster of adult patients who developed invasive infection after exposure to heater-cooler units during cardiac surgery. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variability in the Management of Adults With Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 8, 2021 BACKGROUND: The increasing global prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has called attention to challenges in NTM diagnosis and management. This study was conducted to understand management and outcomes of patients with pulmonar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Environmental risk factors associated with pulmonary isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria, a population-based study in the southeastern United States.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · April 1, 2021 The prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasing in the United States. Associations were evaluated among residents of central North Carolina between pulmonary isolation of NTM and environmental risk factors including: sur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 14, 2020 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cyst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 14, 2020 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cyst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply to Swindells et al.: Trials of Tuberculosis-Preventive Therapy in People with HIV Infection.

Journal Article American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · July 2020 Full text Open Access Cite

Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline.

Journal Article Eur Respir J · July 2020 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cyst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing the Design of Latent Tuberculosis Treatment Trials: Insights from Mathematical Modeling.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 1, 2020 Rationale: Noninferiority trials of treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are challenging because of imperfect LTBI diagnostic tests.Objectives: To assess the effect on study outcomes of different enrollment strategies for a noninferiority tri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social Disadvantage, Politics, and SARS-CoV-2 Trends: A County-Level Analysis of United States Data

Journal Article · 2020 Background Understanding the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for public health control efforts. Social, demographic, and political characteristics at the US county level might be associated with the trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 case incidenc ... Full text Cite

Geographic analysis of latent tuberculosis screening: A health system approach.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 BACKGROUND: Novel approaches are required to better focus latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) efforts in low-prevalence regions. Geographic information systems, used within large health systems, may provide one such approach. METHODS: A retrospective, cro ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Application of diagnostic criteria for non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease to a case series of mycobacterial-positive isolates.

Journal Article J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis · December 2019 The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) have provided guidelines to assist in the accurate diagnosis of lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These microbiologic, radiographic, and clinical ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Molecular Diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

Journal Article Annu Rev Med · January 27, 2019 Resistance to antimycobacterial drugs is a major barrier to effective treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Molecular diagnostic techniques based on the association between specific gene mutations and phenotypic resistance to certain drugs off ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating latent tuberculosis infection diagnostics using latent class analysis.

Journal Article Thorax · November 2018 BACKGROUND: Lack of a gold standard for latent TB infection has precluded direct measurement of test characteristics of the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays (QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB). OBJECTIVE: We estimated test sensitiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of radiology reports on timely tuberculosis diagnosis.

Journal Article Postgrad Med J · September 2018 PURPOSE: As tuberculosis becomes less common in higher income countries, clinician familiarity with the disease is declining. Little is known about how chest radiograph interpretations affect tuberculosis care. We sought to determine how tuberculosis-relat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nocardia infections in the transplanted host.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · August 2018 BACKGROUND: Nocardia are uncommon pathogens that disproportionately afflict the immunocompromised host. Epidemiology and outcome data of Nocardia infections in transplant recipients are limited. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Paradox of serial interferon-gamma release assays: variability width more important than specificity size.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · May 1, 2018 SETTING: Serial screening for latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) is commonly performed in certain populations, such as health care workers. The high apparent conversion rate in some studies of interferon-gamma release assays is puzzling given the claimed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health Care Utilization Behaviors Predict Disengagement From HIV Care: A Latent Class Analysis.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · May 2018 BACKGROUND: The traditional definition of engagement in HIV care in terms of only clinic attendance and viral suppression provides a limited understanding of how persons living with HIV (PLWH) interact with the health care system. METHODS: We conducted a r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Annotated Genome Sequences of 16 Lineage 4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains from Guatemala.

Journal Article Genome Announc · February 15, 2018 Whole-genome sequencing has resulted in new insights into the phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis However, only limited genomic data are available from M. tuberculosis strains in Guatemala. Here we report 16 complete genomes of clinical strains be ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Suboptimal HIV Testing Among Patients Admitted With Pneumonia: A Missed Opportunity.

Journal Article AIDS Educ Prev · August 2017 Patients admitted with pneumonia are at higher risk for HIV and should be routinely screened. We examined a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to Duke University Health System with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. During the study period, 6,951 per ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two-Phase Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: Investigation and Mitigation.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) commonly colonize municipal water supplies and cause healthcare-associated outbreaks. We investigated a biphasic outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Case patients had recen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infection-Induced Vascular Permeability Aids Mycobacterial Growth.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · March 1, 2017 Pathogenic mycobacteria trigger formation of organized granulomas. As granulomas mature, they induce angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Here, in a striking parallel to tumor pro-angiogenic signaling, we identify angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) induction as an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increasing Nocardia Incidence Associated with Bronchiectasis at a Tertiary Care Center.

Journal Article Ann Am Thorac Soc · March 2017 RATIONALE: Nocardia is a genus of pathogens that most commonly afflict immunocompromised hosts but may be an emerging infection among persons with bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVES: To examine the epidemiology and clinical presentation of adult patients with Noca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence, Long-Term Outcomes, and Healthcare Utilization of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex From 1992-2015.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · 2017 BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to develop late-stage complications including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), disseminated Mycobacterium aviu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial Granuloma Formation and Promotes Infection.

Journal Article Immunity · October 18, 2016 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans triggers formation of granulomas, which are tightly organized immune cell aggregates that are the central structure of tuberculosis. Infected and uninfected macrophages interdigitate, assuming an altered, flat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Should all patients undergoing treatment with biologic agents be screened annually for latent tuberculosis infection with an interferon gamma release assay?

Journal Article J Dermatolog Treat · August 2016 Systemic biologic therapy has become commonplace for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory dermatologic conditions, particularly psoriasis. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended prior to initiation of systemic biologic agen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calculating the economic benefits of what didn't happen.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · July 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolations among central North Carolina residents, 2006-2010.

Journal Article J Infect · June 2016 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria associated with a range of infections. Reports of NTM epidemiology have primarily focused on pulmonary infections and isolations, however extrapulmonary infections of the skin, so ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tackling the unknowns of short-course rifapentine-based treatment for active tuberculosis: a decision analysis.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · June 2016 BACKGROUND: Shorter treatment regimens for tuberculosis (TB) are deemed vital for advancing TB control. Murine studies have suggested potential new regimens; however, Phase II human studies of these drug combinations have not shown clear improvement in 2-m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medium matters: modeling the impact of solid medium performance on tuberculosis trial sample size requirements.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · May 2016 SETTING: Two-month solid medium culture conversion is a commonly used, if suboptimal, endpoint for phase 2 anti-tuberculosis treatment trials. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To model the effect of the performance characteristics (sensitivity and contamination rate) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Update on pulmonary disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Journal Article Int J Infect Dis · April 2016 Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging worldwide as significant causes of chronic pulmonary infection, posing a number of challenges for both clinicians and researchers. While a number of studies worldwide have described an increasing prevalence o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Getting to a Man's Heart through His Colon.

Journal Article Tex Heart Inst J · April 2016 A 69-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging pulsatile mass in the left side of his chest. Because of a history of an ischemic cardiomyopathy, he had been randomized in 2003 to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting with a Dor procedure, as ... Full text Link to item Cite

A new trial design to accelerate tuberculosis drug development: the Phase IIC Selection Trial with Extended Post-treatment follow-up (STEP).

Journal Article BMC Med · March 23, 2016 BACKGROUND: The standard 6-month four-drug regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis has remained unchanged for decades and is inadequate to control the epidemic. Shorter, simpler regimens are urgently needed to defeat what is now the world' ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association Between Staff Experience and Effective Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in North Carolina, 2008-2009.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2016 BACKGROUND: Effective investigation of tuberculosis (TB) contacts is essential for continued progress toward TB elimination. As the incidence of TB declines, staff experience will also decline. Little is known about the association between the experience l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Twenty-eight cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection: retrospective case series and literature review.

Journal Article Infection · December 2015 PURPOSE: Invasive Mycobacterium marinum disease (tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis) may be an increasingly common manifestation of M. marinum infection that presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We conducted a retrospective case series and l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Whole genome sequencing identifies circulating Beijing-lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Guatemala and an associated urban outbreak.

Journal Article Tuberculosis (Edinb) · December 2015 Limited data are available regarding the molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains circulating in Guatemala. Beijing-lineage Mtb strains have gained prevalence worldwide and are associated with increased virulence and drug resistan ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The cost of 'free' tuberculosis care.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · December 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

The complexities of Xpert® MTB/RIF interpretation.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · March 2015 The Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay has demonstrated robust capability for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and rifampin (RMP) resistance. Optimal use of Xpert in diverse settings will require knowledge of challenges when interpreting the results. We present three sele ... Full text Link to item Cite

Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · February 1, 2015 RATIONALE: Rifapentine has potent activity in mouse models of tuberculosis chemotherapy but its optimal dose and exposure in humans are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a randomized, partially blinded dose-ranging study to determine tolerability, safety, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mental Health and Substance Use Among Patients in a North Carolina HIV Clinic.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2015 BACKGROUND: The HIV/AIDS epidemic is a significant public health concern in North Carolina, and previous research has pointed to elevated mental health distress and substance use among HIV-infected populations, which may impact patients' adherence to medic ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in cardiac transplantation: a single-center experience.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · October 2014 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibody (HBcAb)-positive donors are increasingly utilized in solid organ transplantation. We report a single center's experience in cardiac transplantation with 18 HBcAb-positive donors. Available follow-up on recipients of ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Advances in the management of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium abscessus complex.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · October 2014 Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of rapidly growing mycobacteria, and an emerging cause of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis. M. abscessus complex is the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical utility of indium 111-labeled white blood cell scintigraphy for evaluation of suspected infection.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2014 BACKGROUND: We sought to characterize the clinical utility of indium 111 ((111)In)-labeled white blood cell (WBC) scans by indication, to identify patient populations who might benefit most from this imaging modality. METHODS: Medical records for all patie ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The human antibody response to the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Journal Article PLoS ONE · June 11, 2014 Background: Vaccine-induced human antibodies to surface components of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumonia are correlated with protection. Monoclonal antibodies to surface components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also protective in animal ... Full text Cite

A randomized controlled trial of standard versus intensified tuberculosis diagnostics on treatment decisions by physicians in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · February 20, 2014 BACKGROUND: Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care [unconcentrated acid-fast (AFB) smears] o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A randomized controlled trial of standard versus intensified tuberculosis diagnostics on treatment decisions by physicians in Northern Tanzania

Journal Article BMC Infectious Diseases · February 20, 2014 Background: Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care [unconcentrated acid-fast (AFB) smears] o ... Full text Cite

Community-based HCV screening: knowledge and attitudes in a high risk urban population.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · February 10, 2014 BACKGROUND: In an attempt to curtail the rising morbidity and mortality from undiagnosed HCV (hepatitis C virus) in the United States, screening guidelines have been expanded to high-risk individuals and persons born 1945-1965. Community-based screening ma ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Integrated screening for tuberculosis and HIV in tuberculosis contact investigations: lessons learned in North Carolina.

Journal Article Public Health Rep · 2014 Combating the syndemics of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in the United States will require increasing efficiency as the incidence of TB declines. Fortunately, new tools such as the interferon gamma release assays can be combined with existing strategies such a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The human antibody response to the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 BACKGROUND: Vaccine-induced human antibodies to surface components of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumonia are correlated with protection. Monoclonal antibodies to surface components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also protective in animal ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Clinical And Laboratory Features Of Respiratory Isolates Of Mycobacterium Chimaera

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Barriers to using text message appointment reminders in an HIV clinic.

Journal Article Telemed J E Health · January 2014 INTRODUCTION: Failure to attend medical appointments among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with poor health outcomes. Text message appointment reminders are a novel tool to potentially improve appointment attendan ... Full text Link to item Cite

The footprint of old syphilis: using a reverse screening algorithm for syphilis testing in a U.S. Geographic Information Systems-Based Community Outreach Program.

Journal Article Sex Transm Dis · November 2013 The impact of syphilis reverse sequence screening has not been evaluated in community outreach. Using reverse sequence screening in neighborhoods identified with geographic information systems, we found that among 239 participants, 45 (19%) were seropositi ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro activity of amikacin against isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex with proposed MIC breakpoints and finding of a 16S rRNA gene mutation in treated isolates.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2013 Amikacin is a major drug used for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease, but standard laboratory guidelines for susceptibility testing are not available. This study presents in vitro amikacin MICs for 462 consecutive clinical isolates ... Full text Link to item Cite

Public health costs for tuberculosis suspects in Wake County, North Carolina, United States.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · June 2013 SETTING: As the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) declines in high-income countries, resources to control TB are also declining. A portion of these resources are utilized for the evaluation and treatment of persons initially suspected of, but who do not actua ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after fractionated CO(2) laser resurfacing.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · March 2013 Nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly associated with cutaneous infections after cosmetic procedures. Fractionated CO2 resurfacing, a widely used technique for photorejuvenation, has been associated with a more favorable side effect profile than alt ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Translating tuberculosis research into practice: collaboration between academic researchers and public health departments in North Carolina.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2013 Successful collaborations between academic researchers and local health departments are vital for public health research, but developing and maintaining such partnerships is often difficult. However, in the North Carolina Tuberculosis Control Program, such ... Link to item Cite

The race to eliminate tuberculosis.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2013 Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but the number of cases is now lower than ever before, both in the United States and in North Carolina. Although case rates are declining, public health funding for tuberculosis is also de ... Link to item Cite

Substitution of rifapentine for rifampin during intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: study 29 of the tuberculosis trials consortium.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 1, 2012 BACKGROUND: Rifapentine administered 5 days per week has potent activity in mouse models of antituberculosis chemotherapy, but efficacy and safety data are limited in humans. We compared the antimicrobial activity and safety of rifapentine vs rifampin duri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of latent tuberculosis treatment initiation and completion at a U.S. public health clinic: a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · June 21, 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key component in U.S. tuberculosis control, assisted by recent improvements in LTBI diagnostics and therapeutic regimens. Effectiveness of LTBI therapy, however, is limited by patients' wil ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Strategies for treating latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis: a decision analysis.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis infection remains unclear. In anticipation of future clinical trials, we modeled the expected performance of six potential regimens for treatment of latent multiple-drug resi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Geographic information system-based screening for TB, HIV, and syphilis (GIS-THIS): a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and case detection rate of a geographic information systems (GIS)-based integrated community screening strategy for tuberculosis, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Feasibility and willingness-to-pay for integrated community-based tuberculosis testing.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · November 2, 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Community-based screening for TB, combined with HIV and syphilis testing, faces a number of barriers. One significant barrier is the value that target communities place on such screening. METHODS: Integrated testing for TB, HIV, and syphilis wa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Increased prevalence of advanced tuberculosis in rural low tuberculosis caseload counties in North Carolina.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · November 2011 SETTING: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients reported in North Carolina (NC), USA, from 1996 to 2008 (inclusive). OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of cavitary TB as a surrogate marker for advanced disease in low-caseload counties with high-caseload counti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pedicure-associated rapidly growing mycobacterial infection: an endemic disease.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Pedicure-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial furunculosis has been reported in the setting of either outbreaks or sporadic case reports. The epidemiology of these infections is not well understood. METHODS: Systematic surveillance for pedic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Did the 'Great Recession' produce a depression in tuberculosis incidence?

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · May 2011 Featured Publication In 2009, the United States experienced a record drop in its tuberculosis (TB) case rate, coinciding with a major economic downturn. To investigate this relationship, we modeled short-term changes in gross domestic product, unemployment, and immigration as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discriminating between latent and active tuberculosis with multiple biomarker responses.

Journal Article Tuberculosis (Edinb) · May 2011 Featured Publication We sought to identify biomarker responses to tuberculosis specific antigens which could 1) improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and 2) allow the differentiation of active and latent infections. Seventy subjects with active tuberculosis (N = 12), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Text messaging for enhancement of testing and treatment for tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis: a survey of attitudes toward cellular phones and healthcare.

Journal Article Telemed J E Health · April 2011 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding healthcare-related mobile phone use and text messaging among persons at risk for or infected with tuberculosis (TB) or the human immunodeficiency virus (H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Text messaging for enhancement of testing and treatment for tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis: a survey of attitudes toward cellular phones and healthcare.

Journal Article Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · April 1, 2011 The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding healthcare-related mobile phone use and text messaging among persons at risk for or infected with tuberculosis (TB) or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An anon ... Cite

Mortality before or during treatment among tuberculosis patients in North Carolina, 1993-2003.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · February 2011 Featured Publication SETTING: North Carolina, United States. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with death among tuberculosis (TB) patients in North Carolina. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of all TB patients reported in North Caroli ... Link to item Cite

Potential economic viability of two proposed rifapentine-based regimens for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Rifapentine-based regimens for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are being considered for future clinical trials, but even if they prove effective, high drug costs may limit their economic viability. OBJECTIVES: To inform clinical tr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Predicting Latent Tuberculosis Treatment Initiation And Completion At A Public Health Clinic

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2011 Link to item Cite

It is better to light a candle ... than to repeat the opinions of experts.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · October 1, 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Pairing QuantiFERON gold in-tube with opt-out HIV testing in a tuberculosis contact investigation in the Southeastern United States.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · September 2010 Featured Publication Knowing one's HIV status is particularly important in the setting of recent tuberculosis (TB) exposure. Blood tests for assessment of tuberculosis infection, such as the QuantiFERON Gold in-tube test (QFT; Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia), ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Aspergillus niger: an unusual cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Journal Article J Med Microbiol · July 2010 Featured Publication Infections due to Aspergillus species cause significant morbidity and mortality. Most are attributed to Aspergillus fumigatus, followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. Aspergillus niger is a mould that is rarely reported as a cause of pneumo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Influence of M. tuberculosis lineage variability within a clinical trial for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Journal Article PLoS One · May 20, 2010 Featured Publication Recent studies suggest that M. tuberculosis lineage and host genetics interact to impact how active tuberculosis presents clinically. We determined the phylogenetic lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates from participants enrolled in the Tuberculosis Trials ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of improving the quality of radiographic interpretation on the ability to predict pulmonary tuberculosis relapse.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · February 2010 Featured Publication RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Chest radiographic findings are important for diagnosis and management of tuberculosis. The reliability of these findings is therefore of interest. We sought to describe interobserver reliability of chest radiographic findings in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of M. tuberculosis lineage variability within a clinical trial for pulmonary tuberculosis

Journal Article PLoS ONE · 2010 Recent studies suggest that M. tuberculosis lineage and host genetics interact to impact how active tuberculosis presents clinically. We determined the phylogenetic lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates from participants enrolled in the Tuberculosis Trials ... Full text Cite

HIV-specific health care utilization and mortality among tuberculosis/HIV coinfected persons.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · October 2009 Featured Publication Persons coinfected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are at high risk of death, in part due to suboptimal utilization of HIV-specific health care. We sought to better understand HIV-associated health care utilization and mortality in a retrospective cohort of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent eosinophilia and Strongyloides infection in Montagnard refugees after presumptive albendazole therapy.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · August 2009 Featured Publication Chronic helminth infections are common in refugee populations and may persist years after immigration. Asymptomatic Strongyloides stercoralis infection raises particular concern because of its potential for complications in immunosuppressed patients. We ex ... Link to item Cite

Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid during intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · August 1, 2009 RATIONALE: Moxifloxacin has potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in a mouse model of antituberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, but data regarding its activity in humans are limited. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to compare the antimicr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Costs and cost-effectiveness of four treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · June 1, 2009 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Isoniazid given daily for 9 months is the standard treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but its effectiveness is limited by poor completion rates. Shorter course regimens and regimens using directly observed therapy result in impr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · May 2009 Featured Publication STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring for adjusting low serum antimycobacterial concentrations in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. DA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.

Journal Article J Infect · May 2009 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Excess alcohol use represents a significant challenge in tuberculosis control. Whether alcohol use enhances transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not known. METHODS: We analyzed North Carolina, USA surveillance data for all adult (>14 y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and time to extubation in severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Journal Article Am J Infect Control · March 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: This study examined predictors of in-hospital mortality and time to extubation among patients with acute, severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Patients with HAP prospectively identified bet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.

Journal Article J Infect · November 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Excess alcohol use represents a significant challenge in tuberculosis control. Whether alcohol use enhances transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not known. METHODS: We analyzed North Carolina, USA surveillance data for all adult (> 14 ... Full text Link to item Cite

The value of end-of-treatment chest radiograph in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis relapse.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · September 2008 Featured Publication SETTING: Patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on baseline chest radiograph (CXR) who remain culture-positive after 8 weeks of treatment are at high risk of relapse. The role of end-of-treatment (EOT) CXR in predicting relapse is unclear. OBJE ... Link to item Cite

Association between 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequence groups of Mycobacterium avium complex and pulmonary disease.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 Featured Publication Organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) may have differential virulence. We compared 33 subjects with MAC pulmonary disease to 75 subjects with a single positive culture without disease. M. avium isolates were significantly more likely to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting tuberculosis: does the IGRA tell the tale?

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · May 15, 2008 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and foreign birth in North Carolina, 1993 - 2006.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · April 4, 2008 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) reported in the United States has been gradually increasing. HIV infection and foreign birth are increasingly associated with tuberculosis and understanding their effect on the clinical prese ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cavitary pulmonary disease.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Rev · April 2008 Featured Publication A pulmonary cavity is a gas-filled area of the lung in the center of a nodule or area of consolidation and may be clinically observed by use of plain chest radiography or computed tomography. Cavities are present in a wide variety of infectious and noninfe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among North Carolinians at increased risk of infection.

Journal Article N C Med J · 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to capture and describe knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about tuberculosis (TB) among persons at high risk for TB infection. METHODS: We conducted 11 focus groups in 3 different populations at high risk for TB inf ... Link to item Cite

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: are we learning from history or repeating it?

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 1, 2007 Tuberculosis (TB) is an enormous global public health problem. Cases of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are being reported in increasing numbers across the globe. A large outbreak of XDR-TB associated with rapid and nearly universal mortality has be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 15, 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation and management of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections

Journal Article Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · December 2006 Full text Cite

Evaluation and management of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Journal Article Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther · December 2006 Featured Publication Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens increasingly associated with chronic pulmonary disease. NTM are environmental saprophytes found in soil, dust and water and, unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis, NTM are not transmitted from person to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current challenges in diagnosing and treating nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

Journal Article Infections in Medicine · September 1, 2006 Patients with pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria typically present with chronic cough and fatigue, sometimes with hemoptysis and weight loss as well. High-resolution CT is the most helpful radiographic study; it typically shows pulmona ... Cite

Tuberculosis knowledge and attitudes among physicians who treat young children in North Carolina, USA.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · July 2006 Featured Publication SETTING: North Carolina, USA. OBJECTIVE: To understand physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward the treatment of young children with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in a low-incidence region. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of 525 pediatricians and 5 ... Link to item Cite

Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric tuberculosis in North Carolina.

Journal Article Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · June 2006 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: To investigate an increase in active pediatric tuberculosis (TB) cases in North Carolina from 9 cases in 2001 to 32 cases in 2002, and to pilot test a screening tool for detection of latent TB infection in children. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhaled azithromycin therapy.

Journal Article J Aerosol Med · 2006 The treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases with pharmaceutical aerosols is an attractive option considering the accessibility of the lungs for topical drug delivery. Aerosols have been targeted to the lungs for the treatment of asthma with great succes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current issues in global tuberculosis control.

Journal Article Int J Infect Dis · November 2005 Featured Publication Despite attempts to standardize tuberculosis (TB) control strategies, there remains wide variation in the selection and implementation of control strategies within and among nations. Some of this variation is appropriate; based on wide variations in the av ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for ineffective therapy in patients with bloodstream infection.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · February 14, 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Infections occurring among outpatients having recent contact with the health care system have been termed health care-associated infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of health care-associated status on effectiveness ... Full text Link to item Cite

Motexafin gadolinium: a clinical review of a novel radioenhancer for brain tumors.

Journal Article Expert Rev Anticancer Ther · December 2004 Despite recent advances in both technology and molecular targeting, little progress has been made in the management of most malignancies of the brain, especially brain metastases. In an effort to increase the therapeutic ratio of external beam radiation tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of rifampin and pyrazinamide for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal Article Expert Opin Drug Saf · May 2004 Featured Publication A 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) became an accepted alternative for treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) after initial studies in HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated safety and efficacy. Once this alternative came into widespread us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study.

Journal Article Infection · April 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Based on previous studies, enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) is considered a unimicrobial, community-acquired disease of older Caucasian men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between enterococcal bacteremia and IE by c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abdominal pain and bloating in two 20-something patients

Journal Article Contemporary Ob/Gyn · December 1, 2003 Cite

Safety of 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis.

Journal Article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 15, 2003 Featured Publication An alternative regimen for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide, but some patients have died of hepatitis associated with this therapy. One hundred fourteen patients received rifampin/pyrazinamide in Wake ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health care--associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · November 19, 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactivation of retinal toxoplasmosis despite evidence of immune response to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 15, 2002 Featured Publication We report a case of retinal toxoplasmosis that occurred in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had a previous diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, despite the patient having had a robust immune response to highly active antiretroviral the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus testing among patients with tuberculosis in North Carolina.

Journal Article South Med J · February 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is recommended for all patients with tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: Surveillance data for all reported cases of TB in North Carolina from 1993 to 1999 were examined to assess HIV testing practices. RESULT ... Link to item Cite

Hospital management of tuberculosis in a region with a low incidence of tuberculosis and a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 2001 Featured Publication We prospectively assessed the management of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in an area with a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and a low incidence of TB. Clinicians' assessments were sensitive for TB but had poor predictive va ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium bovis peritonitis mimicking ovarian cancer in a young woman.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 15, 2001 Featured Publication We describe a 27-year-old woman with peritonitis due to Mycobacterium bovis that initially appeared to be ovarian cancer. Clinicians should include this disease in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer and should consider laparoscopic diagnosis in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hospital management of patients suspected of pulmonary TB in a high incidence area for MOTT.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · March 1, 1999 Link to item Cite