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Stuart James McKinnon

Stuart James McKinnon

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
stuart.mckinnon@duke.edu
Box 3802 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3802 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Neuroprotection in Glaucoma

Chapter · January 1, 2024 Neuroprotection is a therapeutic modality that aims to slow or prevent neuronal death. In glaucoma, the target neuron is the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and its axon. The ultimate goal of neuroprotection is to delay or prevent the loss of visual function. ... Cite

Contribution of autophagy to ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in the DBA/2J spontaneous glaucoma mouse model.

Journal Article Cell Death Discov · 2018 Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by axonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cells loss. Several factors have been postulated to play a role in glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) being the best well-known causative factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy in the Neuroretina and Angle Region of DBA/2J Mice

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Gene Therapy in Glaucoma

Chapter · January 1, 2015 Glaucoma is uniquely well-suited to gene therapy. The trabecular meshwork or Schlemm's canal can be targeted by anterior chamber injection due to aqueous humor outflow, and RGCs can be targeted with intravitreal injection due to their proximal inner retina ... Full text Cite

Disease progression in iridocorneal angle tissues of BMP2-induced ocular hypertensive mice with optical coherence tomography.

Journal Article Mol Vis · 2014 PURPOSE: The goal of the present study was to test for the first time whether glaucomatous-like disease progression in a mouse can be assessed morphologically and functionally with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: We monitore ... Link to item Cite

Dorsomedial/Perifornical hypothalamic stimulation increases intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, and the translaminar pressure gradient.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · October 23, 2012 PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation has recently been identified as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. Further, decreases in intracranial pressure (ICP), with postulated increases in the translaminar pressure gradient across the lamina cri ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Rate of Visual Field Change in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study

Journal Article Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · January 25, 2012 Full text Cite

Distribution of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-beta in ocular hypertensive C57BL/6 mouse eyes.

Journal Article Curr Eye Res · September 2010 PURPOSE: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-beta (Abeta) appear to participate in the pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma. We, therefore, determined the distribution of APP and Abeta in the retinas of C57BL/6 mice afte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood Pressure, Perfusion Pressure, and Glaucoma

Journal Article American Journal of Ophthalmology · May 2010 Full text Cite

Lowering Intracranial Pressure: Developing a Model for Normal Tension Glaucoma

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · April 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

Outcomes of surgical bleb revision for complications of trabeculectomy.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of revision surgery for complications of trabeculectomy in a case series from an academic glaucoma service. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 177 eyes of 167 adult patients who underwent revision ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene and protein expression pilot profiling and biomarkers in an experimental mouse model of hypertensive glaucoma.

Journal Article Exp Biol Med (Maywood) · August 2009 Glaucoma is a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders causing the degeneration of the ganglion neurons of the retina. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a hallmark risk factor promoting the death of ganglion neurons of the retin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mouse models of retinal ganglion cell death and glaucoma.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · April 2009 Once considered too difficult to use for glaucoma studies, mice are now becoming a powerful tool in the research of the molecular and pathological events associated with this disease. Often adapting technologies first developed in rats, ganglion cell death ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical management of hypotony owing to overfiltration in eyes receiving glaucoma drainage devices.

Journal Article J Glaucoma · 2009 PURPOSE: To assess rates of surgical revision of glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) from hypotony owing to overfiltration and its management. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, type of GDD implanted, type of surgical rev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetes and Glaucoma

Journal Article Archives of Ophthalmology · May 27, 2008 Full text Cite

Current management of glaucoma and the need for complete therapy.

Journal Article Am J Manag Care · February 2008 Glaucoma is a long-term ocular neuropathy defined by optic disc or retinal nerve fiber structural abnormalities and visual field abnormality. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma. Currently available treatments, initiated in a st ... Link to item Cite

Posterior segment changes in glaucoma

Chapter · January 1, 2008 In humans, the optic nerve primarily transmits visual information from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Afferent fibers of the optic nerve also synapse in accessory central nervous system (CNS) centers such as the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whi ... Cite

Posterior segment changes in glaucoma

Chapter · November 1, 2007 Cite

Asymmetries and visual field summaries as predictors of glaucoma in the ocular hypertension treatment study.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · September 2006 PURPOSE: To evaluate whether baseline visual field data and asymmetries between eyes predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) participants. METHODS: A new index, mean prognosis (MP), was designed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microarray analysis of gene expression in adult retinal ganglion cells.

Journal Article FEBS Lett · January 9, 2006 Featured Publication Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) transfer visual information to the brain and are known to be susceptible to selective degeneration in various neuropathies such as glaucoma. This selective vulnerability suggests that these highly specialized neurons possess a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Normal visual field test results following glaucomatous visual field end points in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · September 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of normal visual field (VF) test results following 2 vs 3 consecutive, abnormal, reliable test results in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. METHODS: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study is a prospective, multi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central corneal thickness and measured IOP response to topical ocular hypotensive medication in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · November 2004 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine whether central corneal thickness (CCT) correlates with measured intraocular pressure (IOP) response to topical ocular hypotensive medication in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Baseline risk factors for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · October 2004 Featured Publication PURPOSE: Higher baseline pattern standard deviation (PSD) and larger vertical cup-to-disk ratio (VC/D) were factors in the predictive model for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Because early ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: topical medication delays or prevents primary open-angle glaucoma in African American individuals.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · June 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The prevalence of glaucoma is higher in African American individuals than in white individuals. OBJECTIVE: To report the safety and efficacy of topical ocular hypotensive medication in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glau ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tonopen measurement of intraocular pressure in mice.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · April 2004 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To standardize a method of non-invasive measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in mice. METHODS: Cannulated-eye study: IOP was measured simultaneously with a Tonopen and by direct cannulation of the vitreous compartment while pressure was manip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alpha-fodrin is cleaved by caspase-3 in a chronic ocular hypertensive (COH) rat model of glaucoma.

Journal Article Brain Res Bull · February 15, 2004 Featured Publication PURPOSE: alpha-Fodrin is a neuronal cytoskeletal protein and a known caspase-3 target. We sought to determine whether caspase-3 cleaves alpha-fodrin in COH rat retinas and whether this process is reduced by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-induced retinal gang ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain Research Bulletin: Preface

Other Brain Research Bulletin · February 15, 2004 Full text Cite

Antibody-targeted photodynamic therapy.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · December 2003 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of conjugation of verteporfin (Visudyne, Parkedale Pharmaceuticals, Rochester, Minnesota, USA) to antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Rabbit antimouse vascular endothe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glaucoma: ocular Alzheimer's disease?

Journal Article Front Biosci · September 1, 2003 Featured Publication Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and one of the leading causes of vision loss in the world among the aging. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been shown to die by apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Central to apoptosis is the a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classification of visual field abnormalities in the ocular hypertension treatment study.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · May 2003 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a classification system for visual field (VF) abnormalities, (2) to determine interreader and test-retest agreement, and (3) to determine the frequency of various VF defects in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. METHODS: Fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bilateral optic disk edema and blindness as initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · July 2002 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To report bilateral optic disk edema and blindness as the unusual initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in an adult. METHODS: A 19-year-old man presented with a history of headaches, back pain, and 10 days of worsening vision th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing-4 protects optic nerve axons in a rat glaucoma model.

Journal Article Mol Ther · June 2002 Featured Publication Gene therapy represents an attractive approach for the treatment of eye diseases such as glaucoma. Ocular administration of viral vectors produces localized retinal gene expression with reduced risks of side effects reported with systemic administration of ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · June 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States and worldwide. Three to 6 million people in the United States are at increased risk for developing POAG because of elevated intraocular pressure ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · June 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) has shown that topical ocular hypotensive medication is effective in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with elevated intraocular pressure (ocular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caspase activation and amyloid precursor protein cleavage in rat ocular hypertension.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · April 2002 Featured Publication PURPOSE: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma involves apoptosis. Activation of caspases and abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) are important events in other chronic neurodegenerations, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ret ... Link to item Cite

Baseline visual field characteristics in the ocular hypertension treatment study.

Journal Article Ophthalmology · March 2002 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) seeks to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical ocular hypotensive medication in preventing or delaying the onset of visual field loss and/or optic nerve damage in ocular hypertensive subjects at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latanoprost and brimonidine: therapeutic and physiologic assessment before and after oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · January 2002 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To assess, before and during oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug coadministration, latanoprost's and brimonidine's hypotensive action in eyes at risk of glaucomatous progression, assessing the effect of each drug on ocular perfusion and visua ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: reproducibility of cup/disk ratio measurements over time at an optic disc reading center.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · January 2002 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine the reproducibility over time of visual estimates of the horizontal cup/disk ratio by trained technicians from optic disk stereophotographs. METHODS: Baseline optic disk stereophotographs are graded at entry and regraded annually in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central corneal thickness in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Journal Article Ophthalmology · October 2001 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Central corneal thickness influences intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. We examined the central corneal thickness of subjects in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) and determined if central corneal thickness is related to race. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Retrograde axonal transport of BDNF in retinal ganglion cells is blocked by acute IOP elevation in rats.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · October 2000 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To determine whether acute experimental glaucoma in rats obstructs retrograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS: Forty rats had unilateral injection of either (125)I-BDNF (20 animals) o ... Link to item Cite

Confirmation of visual field abnormalities in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Group.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · September 2000 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which visual field abnormalities observed on follow-up visual fields for patients in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study were confirmed on retest. METHODS: Between April 1, 1994, and March 1, 1999, 21,603 visu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Obstructed axonal transport of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in experimental glaucoma.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · March 2000 Featured Publication PURPOSE: In both animal model system and in human glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die by apoptosis. To understand how RGC apoptosis is initiated in these systems, the authors studied RGC neurotrophin transport in experimental glaucoma using acute i ... Link to item Cite

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: design and baseline description of the participants.

Journal Article Arch Ophthalmol · May 1999 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) seeks to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical ocular hypotensive medication in preventing or delaying the onset of visual field loss and/or optic nerve damage in subjects with ocular hyperte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biocompatibility response to modified Baerveldt glaucoma drains.

Journal Article J Biomed Mater Res · 1998 Featured Publication Glaucoma implants are designed to increase fluid outflow from the eye in order to decrease intraocular pressure and prevent damage to the optic nerve. The implant consists of a silicone tube that is inserted into the anterior chamber at one end and is atta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Localization of the neurotrophin receptor trkb in normal and glaucomatous monkey optic nerve heads

Conference Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science · December 1, 1997 Purpose. To determine the distribution of the functional trkB receptor in the monkey optic nerve head prior to and after the induction of experimental glaucoma or experimental optic nerve atrophy. Methods. Ten monkeys with varying degrees of either unilate ... Cite

Immunohistochemical localization of the tyrosine kinase receptor TRKB in monkey photoreceptors

Conference Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science · December 1, 1997 Purpose. Given that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to rescue photoreceptors in animal models of retinal degeneration, we searched for the expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor trkB in monkey photoreceptors. Methods. Retinas from bot ... Cite

Echographic diagnosis of scleral fold in hypotony.

Journal Article Am J Ophthalmol · August 1997 PURPOSE: To report the echographic appearance of a scleral fold in hypotony. METHOD: We performed ultrasonography on a patient who, after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, had an intraocular pressure of 1 mm Hg, an opaque cataract, and suspected hypotonous ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glaucoma, apoptosis, and neuroprotection.

Journal Article Curr Opin Ophthalmol · April 1997 Featured Publication The demise of the retinal ganglion cell represents the final common pathway of glaucomatous vision loss. Various studies demonstrate that ganglion cells die by the mechanism of apoptosis in conditions such as experimental animal models of glaucoma and opti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biocompatibility response to modified Baerveldt glaucoma drains

Conference Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials in Conjunction with the International Biomaterials Symposium · December 1, 1996 The feasibility of using posterior drainage devices to minimize micromovement extraocular muscles and tissues which could lead to scar formation or slow healing in glaucoma patients was evaluated. Experiments were performed wherein fibrous capsule anterior ... Cite

Biocompatibility response to modified Baerveldt glaucoma drains

Conference Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science · February 15, 1996 Purpose. The most common long-term complication of seton devices is failure of the filtering bleb 2 to 4 years after surgery due to occlusion by dense collagen scars. Thick fibrous capsules surround the site of the device, preventing drainage of fluid. Mic ... Cite

Nonequilibrium Molecular dynamics simulation of oxygen diffusion through hexadecane monolayers with varying concentrations of cholesterol

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry · January 1, 1992 The effect of varying concentrations of cholesterol on the static properties of a hexadecane monolayer and on the diffusion rate of oxygen across the monolayer has been studied by using a novel application of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The results ... Full text Cite

Depolarized Rayleigh scattering study of pyrimidine

Journal Article Journal of Molecular Liquids · January 1, 1990 The depolarized Rayleigh spectrum from pyrimidine has been obtained from 296K to 395K. The spectra do not display a shear wave dip at zero frequency due to translation-rotation coupling. The Stokes - Einstein - Debye plot of the reorientation time versus v ... Full text Cite

Hypersonic attenuation in simple cresols

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry · January 1, 1989 The attenuation of thermally induced sound waves in m- and p-cresol has been measured as a function of temperature by using Brillouin light scattering. The spectra are analyzed in terms of an extended hydrodynamic light scattering theory of Lipeles and Kiv ... Full text Cite

Depolarized Rayleigh light scattering and NMR spectroscopy of m-cresol and p-cresol

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry · January 1, 1988 The depolarized Rayleigh light scattering spectrum of neat m-cresol and p-cresol has been measured as a function of temperature. The depolarized Rayleigh spectra display a zero-frequency dip due to coupling of the molecular anisotropic motion to the transv ... Full text Cite

Hypersonic attenuation in the simple amides

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry · January 1, 1987 The attenuation of thermally induced sound waves in formamide has been measured by Brillouin light scattering. Solutions of formamide in water, methanol, and ethanol as well as acetamide in water have also been measured as a function of temperature. The sp ... Full text Cite

Depolarized Rayleigh scattering study of neat formamide

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry · January 1, 1986 The depolarized Rayleigh spectrum of formamide has been measured as a function of temperature. The spectrum of neat formamide indicates that the static orientation pair correlation factor, g2, is large compared to other small molecular fluids. T ... Full text Cite

A series of experiments with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane: A physical chemistry experiment

Journal Article Journal of Chemical Education · January 1, 1986 Full text Cite