Scholars@Duke
William A. Darity Jr.

William A. Darity Jr.

Samuel DuBois Cook Distinguished Professor of Public Policy
Sanford School of Public Policy
william.darity@duke.edu
Box 90245, Durham, NC 27708-0245
238 Sanford Inst Bldg, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Beyond Implicit Bias

Journal Article Daedalus · December 1, 2024 Full text Cite

Who Benefits from Mass Incarceration? A Stratification Economics Approach to the “Collateral Consequences” of Punishment

Journal Article Annual Review of Law and Social Science · October 17, 2024 A rich empirical literature documents the consequences of mass incarceration for the wealth, health, and safety of Black Americans. Yet it often frames such consequences as a regrettable artifact of racially disproportionate criminal legal system contact, ... Full text Cite

Global North–South Reparations: Demand-side and Supply-side Policies with a Dynamic View of International Trade and Finance

Journal Article Development and Change · July 1, 2024 This study begins with an overview of illustrative scenarios that historically have resulted in imbalances of economic well-being, growth and stability which demarcate the Global South and the Global North. The authors examine alternative approaches to rep ... Full text Cite

Racial Disparities in Family Income, Assets, and Liabilities: A Century After the 1921 Tulsa Massacre

Journal Article Journal of Family and Economic Issues · June 1, 2024 This paper examines the financial health of racial-ethnic groups in Tulsa, Oklahoma, nearly a century after the 1921 Tulsa Massacre. We use data from the Tulsa National Asset Scorecard for Communities of Color (NASCC) survey to assess the financial health ... Full text Cite

Black Reparations in the United States, 2024: An Introduction

Journal Article RSF · June 1, 2024 This introduction seeks to perform two tasks: it provides a roadmap for readers yet to be initiated into the reparations dialogue and provides fresh insights for those already well versed in it. Reparations are a program of acknowledgment, redress, and clo ... Full text Cite

Reconsidering the economics of identity: Position, power, and property

Journal Article Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · March 1, 2024 The origin of inequality between social identity groups is anchored in acts of violent dispossession of freedom and property by the group seeking the advantages of dominance. The beginning of contemporary disparities in income and especially wealth between ... Full text Cite

Toward a Latinx Stratification Economics

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · March 1, 2024 This paper describes Latinx stratification economics (LSE) as a scholarly approach to studying the economic status of Latinas/os/es/xs primarily in the United States. We coin the term LSE to refer to work that draws on and is in conversation with both the ... Full text Cite

The PhenX Toolkit: Measurement Protocols for Assessment of Social Determinants of Health.

Journal Article American journal of preventive medicine · September 2023 IntroductionSocial determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality of life, and health outcomes. The adoption of recom ... Full text Cite

Introduction

Book · January 1, 2023 Cite

The Black Reparations Project: A Handbook for Racial Justice

Book · January 1, 2023 This groundbreaking resource moves us from theory to action with a practical plan for reparations. A surge in interest in black reparations is taking place in America on a scale not seen since the Reconstruction Era. The Black Reparations Project gathers a ... Cite

Stratification Economics: A Primer and an Explanation on Opposition to Affirmative Action

Chapter · January 1, 2023 In this chapter, stratification economics provides a vehicle for analyzing attitudes toward affirmative action. The chapter begins with a historical example of an American politician who relied on racial tension and the fears of the dominant group to garne ... Full text Cite

Shades of Black: Gendered Denominational Variation in Depression Symptoms Among Black Christians.

Journal Article Psycholog Relig Spiritual · November 2022 Religion and spirituality (R/S) play a central role in shaping the contextual experiences of many Black people in the United States. Blacks are among the most religiously engaged groups in the country. Levels and types of religious engagement, however, can ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Racial Wealth Inequities and Racial Disparities in Longevity Among US Adults and Role of Reparations Payments, 1992 to 2018.

Journal Article JAMA network open · November 2022 ImportanceIn the US, Black individuals die younger than White individuals and have less household wealth, a legacy of slavery, ongoing discrimination, and discriminatory public policies. The role of wealth inequality in mediating racial health ine ... Full text Cite

Collective wealth and group identity: insights from stratification economics

Journal Article Review of Evolutionary Political Economy · October 1, 2022 Informed by insights drawn from stratification economics and deploying dynamic game theory, we project the long-term outcome of racial/ethnic wealth disparities under multiple policy scenarios. At the core of the analysis is the character of investment ind ... Full text Cite

Position and Possessions: Stratification Economics and Intergroup Inequality

Journal Article Journal of Economic Literature · June 1, 2022 This article provides an overview of the origins and development of stratification economics as a subfield that centers the importance of identity, social ranking, and relative group position. Stratification economics developed in response to explanations ... Full text Cite

Racial Differences in Time at Work Not Working

Journal Article ILR Review · May 1, 2022 Racial differences in effort at work, if they exist, can potentially explain race-based wage/earnings disparities in the labor market. The authors estimate specifications of time spent on non-work activities at work by Black and White males and females wit ... Full text Cite

The Cumulative Costs of Racism and the Bill for Black Reparations

Journal Article Journal of Economic Perspectives · March 1, 2022 Full text Cite

The effect of stereotypes on black college test scores at a historically black university

Journal Article Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization · February 1, 2022 We conducted lab experiments at a historically black university (HBCU), replicating the design and procedure, but not the results, of previous stereotype threat studies. The experimental design has two factors: stereotype salience (priming) and the identit ... Full text Cite

About Face: Seeing Class and Race

Journal Article Journal of Economic Issues · January 1, 2022 People’s social class, and the perceptions of their social class are embedded in an institutional context that has important ramifications for one’s life opportunities and outcomes. Research on first impressions has found that people are relatively accurat ... Full text Cite

Returns in the Labor Market: A Nuanced View of Penalties at the Intersection of Race and Gender in the US

Journal Article Feminist Economics · January 1, 2022 There have been decades of research on wage gaps for groups based on their socially salient identities, such as race and gender, but little empirical investigation on the effects of holding multiple identities. Using the Current Population Survey, this stu ... Full text Cite

Alternatives to the scarcity principle

Journal Article Journal of Economic Education · January 1, 2022 Dominion of the scarcity principle as the basis for economic analysis is virtually absolute in teaching the introductory course in economics. This supremacy is neither valid nor desirable. Two compelling alternative foundational concepts for economics are ... Full text Cite

Denominational and Gender Differences in Hypertension Among African American Christian Young Adults.

Journal Article J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · October 2021 Hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, is disproportionately prevalent among African American young adults. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been studied for their potential effect on blood pressure (BP) outcomes. Despite their dispr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Denominational Differences in Obesity Among Black Christian Adults: Why Gender and Life Stage Matter.

Journal Article Journal for the scientific study of religion · September 2021 Religiosity is a potential social determinant of obesity risk among black Americans, a group that tends to be highly religious and disproportionately suffers from this disease. Although religious engagement differs within this group, researchers often clas ... Full text Cite

A subaltern middle class: The case of the missing “Black bourgeoisie” in America

Journal Article Contemporary Economic Policy · July 1, 2021 A convention, particularly in economics and sociology, for empirical identification of the “middle class” has been to mark off a segment of the population above a lower bound with respect to income, occupational status, and/or educational attainment. Inste ... Full text Cite

Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Journal Article Social science & medicine (1982) · May 2021 BackgroundIn the United States, Black Americans are suffering from a significantly disproportionate incidence of COVID-19. Going beyond mere epidemiological tallying, the potential for racial-justice interventions, including reparations payments, ... Full text Cite

Disparate Recoveries: Wealth, Race, and the Working Class after the Great Recession

Journal Article Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · May 1, 2021 What does it mean to be working class in a society of extreme racial wealth inequality? Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we investigate the wealth holdings of Black, Latinx, and white working-class households during the post–Great Recession ... Full text Cite

Separate and unequal under one roof: How the legacy of racialized tracking perpetuates within-school segregation

Journal Article RSF · February 1, 2021 In this article, we use administrative data from three cohorts of North Carolina public high school students to examine the effects of within-school segregation on the propensity of academically eligible black high school students to take advanced math cou ... Full text Cite

Does the negro need separate schools? A retrospective analysis of the racial composition of schools and black adult academic and economic success

Journal Article RSF · February 1, 2021 W.E.B. Du Bois asserted that black students are better served by attending predominantly black schools than hostile integrated schools in a context of racial discrimination. The conventional assumption is that black students benefit educationally by attend ... Full text Cite

Investigating Denominational and Church Attendance Differences in Obesity and Diabetes in Black Christian Men and Women.

Journal Article J Relig Health · December 2020 Prior investigations of the relationships between religious denomination and diabetes and obesity do not consider the nuance within black faith traditions. This study used data from the National Survey of American Life (n = 4344) to identify denominational ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Prematurity Collaborative Birth Equity Consensus Statement for Mothers and Babies.

Journal Article Maternal and child health journal · October 2020 IntroductionIn 2016, March of Dimes (MOD) launched its Prematurity Collaborative to engage a broad cross section of national experts to address persistent and widening racial disparities in preterm birth by achieving equity and demonstrated improv ... Full text Cite

Wealth Implications of Slavery and Racial Discrimination for African American Descendants of the Enslaved

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · September 1, 2020 We compare the 2018 per capita Black–White wealth gap of about US$352,250 with portions of the estimated total cost of slavery and discrimination to African American descendants of the enslaved. For the period of slavery in the United States, we arrive at ... Full text Cite

Growing sense of social status threat and concomitant deaths of despair among whites.

Journal Article SSM - population health · December 2019 BackgroundA startling population health phenomenon has been unfolding since the turn of the 21st century. Whites in the United States, who customarily have the most favorable mortality profile of all racial groups, have experienced rising mortalit ... Full text Cite

A blurred case: The diversity defense for affirmative action in the U.S.

Journal Article Du Bois Review · September 1, 2019 Much of the pivotal debate concerning the validity of affirmative action is situated in a legal context of defending or challenging claims that there may be broad societal gains from increased diversity. Race-conscious affirmative action policies originall ... Full text Cite

Non-Hispanic White Versus Black Parental Wealth and Wealth Transfers to Enable Homeownership in Five Metropolitan Areas

Chapter · January 1, 2019 Since at least the early twentieth century, U.S. housing polices have consistently promoted homeownership. While historically homeownership has been a significant source of wealth for many non-Hispanic Whites, this has not been the case for most Blacks, du ... Full text Cite

Can Class-Based Substitute for Race-Based Student Assignment Plans? Evidence From Wake County, North Carolina

Journal Article Urban Education · September 1, 2018 This study uses a North Carolina administrative data set to analyze racial segregation and student achievement in Wake County during race-based and income-based school assignment plans. We find a modest increase in the level of racial segregation in Wake s ... Full text Cite

Racial Differences in the Effect of Marriageable Males on Female Family Headship.

Journal Article Journal of demographic economics · September 2018 Female family headship has strong implications for endemic poverty in the United States. Consequently, it is imperative to explore the chief factors that contribute to this problem. Departing from prior literature that places significant weight on welfare- ... Full text Cite

Fifty years after the Kerner Commission report: Place, housing, and racial wealth inequality in Los Angeles

Journal Article RSF · September 1, 2018 Fifty years after the national Kerner Commission report on urban unrest and fifty-three years after California's McCone Commission report on the 1965 Watts riots, substantial racial disparity in education, housing, employment, and wealth is still pervasive ... Full text Cite

How does it feel to be a problem? The missing Kerner commission report

Journal Article RSF · September 1, 2018 Using an intersectional lens of race and gender, this article offers a critique of the Kerner Commission report and fills the gap of the missing analysis of white rage and of black women. A protracted history of white race riots resulted in the loss of bla ... Full text Cite

Adult happiness and prior traumatic victimization in and out of the household

Journal Article Review of Economics of the Household · June 1, 2018 A large share of the American population suffers from traumatic experiences early in life. Many adults are also victims of trauma. Using data drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey–Replication, we examine the link between self-reported happiness, a bro ... Full text Cite

Passing and the Costs and Benefits of Appropriating Blackness

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 2018 The socioeconomic position of Blacks in America cannot be fully contextualized without considering the marginalization of their racialized social identities as minorities who have historically combated subjugation and oppression with respect to income, emp ... Full text Cite

The Federal Job Guarantee

Journal Article Intereconomics · May 1, 2018 Full text Cite

A path to ending poverty by way of ending unemployment: A federal job guarantee

Journal Article RSF · February 1, 2018 Poverty in the United States, one of the world's most wealthy and prosperous nations, is persistently high. Despite a complex array of social insurance programs in place, 43.1 million people remain in poverty. Because unemployment is a strong predictor of ... Full text Cite

The role of race, ethnicity and tribal enrolment on asset accumulation: an examination of American Indian tribal nations

Journal Article Ethnic and Racial Studies · September 2, 2017 We analyse survey data from the National Asset Scorecard for Communities of Color Project for asset accumulation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The survey oversampled the American Indian/Alaska Native population in order to examine asset accumulation among a variety ... Full text Cite

For-Profit Universities The Shifting Landscape of Marketized Higher Education

Book · April 3, 2017 This edited volume proposes that the phenomenon of private sector, financialized higher education expansion in the United States benefits from a range of theoretical and methodological treatments. ... Cite

The political economy of education, financial literacy, and the racial wealth gap

Journal Article Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review · January 1, 2017 This article examines the mismatch between the political discourse around individual agency, education, and financial literacy, and the actual racial wealth gap. The authors argue that the racial wealth gap is rooted in socioeconomic and political structur ... Full text Cite

Keynote Conversation

Journal Article Review · 2017 Full text Cite

It’s not “a black thing”: Understanding the burden of acting white and other dilemmas of high achievement

Chapter · January 1, 2017 This chapter review the burden of acting white hypothesis, describes the current debate, and uses interview data from eight secondary schools in North Carolina to assess the hypothesis. It finds that a burden of acting white exists for some black students, ... Full text Cite

Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980

Book · January 1, 2017 Charles Murray, in a remarkable examination of American social policy since 1950, arrives at some unconventional conclusions about the potential of social transfer programs to reduce poverty. The conclusions of Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1 ... Full text Cite

Self-identified race, socially assigned skin tone, and adult physiological dysregulation: Assessing multiple dimensions of "race" in health disparities research.

Journal Article SSM - population health · December 2016 Despite a general acceptance of "race" as a social, rather than biological construct in the social sciences, racial health disparities research has given less consideration to the dimensions of race that may be most important for shaping persistent dispari ... Full text Cite

Wage differentials between urban and rural-urban migrant workers in China

Journal Article China Economic Review · December 1, 2016 Since the end of the 1980s, the number of migrants working in the urban labor market has increased dramatically. However, migrant workers are treated differently from urban workers. In this paper we examine the labor market discrimination against rural mig ... Full text Cite

Equally inequitable? A cross-national comparative study of racial health inequalities in the United States and Canada.

Journal Article Social science & medicine (1982) · July 2016 Prior research suggests that racial inequalities in health vary in magnitude across societies. This paper uses the largest nationally representative samples available to compare racial inequalities in health in the United States and Canada. Data were obtai ... Full text Cite

India’s Color Complex: One Day’s Worth of Matrimonials

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 2016 Lighter skin complexions may function as a form of capital, particularly for women, in marriage markets. The existence of a preference for light skin for marital partners is an index of the presence of colorism or color bias in a given society. This paper ... Full text Cite

Race, Wealth and Incarceration: Results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

Journal Article Race and Social Problems · March 1, 2016 Using the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth to explore the interwoven links between race, wealth and incarceration, this study examines the data on race and wealth status before and after incarceration. Data indicate that although hig ... Full text Cite

Inequality in the “Cradle of Liberty”: Race/Ethnicity and Wealth in Greater Boston

Journal Article Race and Social Problems · March 1, 2016 New data collected for the Boston Metropolitan Statistical Area provide detailed information on financial assets that allow analysis to extend beyond the traditional black–white divide. Targeting US-born blacks, Caribbean blacks, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, ... Full text Cite

Looking through the Shades: The Effect of Skin Color on Earnings by Region of Birth and Race for Immigrants to the United States

Journal Article Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · January 1, 2016 The purpose of this study is to determine whether a labor market penalty exists for members of immigrant groups as a result of being phenotypically different from white Americans. Specifically, the authors examine the link between skin shade, perhaps the m ... Full text Cite

The political economy of U.S. Energy and equity policy

Chapter · September 25, 2015 An analysis of the energy crisis in the United States is advanced that draws upon Marxist dialectical materialism. The character of U.S. energy policy is explained as the outcome of the interplay of a young, newly powerful managerial class and the older, s ... Cite

Skin Shade Stratification and the Psychological Cost of Unemployment: Is there a Gradient for Black Females?

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 2015 The purpose of this paper is to formally evaluate whether the deleterious impact of unemployment on mental health increases as skin shade darkens for black women in the U.S. Using data drawn from the National Survey of American Life, we find strong evidenc ... Full text Cite

A Tour de Force in Understanding Intergroup Inequality: An Introduction to Stratification Economics

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 2015 This special edition of the Review of Black Political Economics provides a contribution to the growing, vital and intellectually rich field of stratification economics. Stratification economics is an emerging field in economics that seeks to expand the bou ... Full text Cite

The Color of Wealth in Boston

Journal Article · March 26, 2015 Cite

Introduction

Chapter · January 1, 2015 Full text Cite

Choosing Blackness in Brazil’s Racialized Democracy: The Endogeneity of Race in Salvador and São Paulo

Journal Article Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies · September 2, 2014 Racial identity is endogenous and should be considered a dependent variable in many contexts. Relying on quantitative methods, we examine why some Afro-Brazilians in Salvador and São Paulo choose black identities despite prevailing negative stereotypes in ... Full text Cite

Stalking: Does it Leave a Psychological Footprint?

Journal Article Social Science Quarterly · January 1, 2014 Objectives: This article offers new evidence on whether stalking damages the mental health of female victims. This study advances the literature by accounting for age of initial stalking victimization, mental health status prior to being stalked, and expos ... Full text Cite

From a tangle of pathology to a race-fair America

Journal Article Dissent · January 1, 2014 Full text Cite

The desegregation of an elite economics department’s phd program: Black Americans at MIT

Journal Article History of Political Economy · January 1, 2014 We examine the history of the entry of black American graduate students into the PhD program in economics at MIT in the 1970s. The deployment of an active and aggressive affirmative action program led to the presence of a critical mass of black doctoral st ... Full text Cite

Jobs instead of austerity: A bold policy proposal for economic justice

Journal Article Social Research · January 1, 2013 Cite

From Here to Full Employment

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · 2013 Samuel Z. Westerfield Address © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York. ... Full text Cite

Crowded out? The racial composition of American occupations

Chapter · 2012 Over 35 years ago, Barbara Bergmann (1971) hypothesized that labor market discrimination against black males is manifest in a "crowding" effect, which results in lower earnings. White employers' refusal to hire blacks in certain occupations forces them to ... Cite

Crowded out? The racial composition of American occupations

Chapter · January 1, 2012 Over 35 years ago, Barbara Bergmann (1971) hypothesized that labor market discrimination against black males is manifest in a "crowding" effect, which results in lower earnings. White employers' refusal to hire blacks in certain occupations forces them to ... Cite

Disposal of an old orthodoxy reading Eric Williams' dissertation

Conference Review (United States) · January 1, 2012 The publication of Eric Williams' 1938 Oxford doctoral dissertation makes his thesis widely available for the first time. It provides an opportunity for reading the dissertation with a fresh eye unfiltered by the misleading interpretation advanced by the B ... Cite

Bold Policies for Economic Justice

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · January 2012 The U.S. is characterized by a longstanding pattern of large structural racial inequality that deepens further as a result of economic downturn. Although there have been some improvements in the income gap up until around the mid 1970s, the employ ... Full text Cite

Who Is Eligible? Should Affirmative Action be Group- or Class-Based?

Journal Article American Journal of Economics and Sociology · January 1, 2011 Abstract: We explore the consequences for eligibility of members of subaltern groups for affirmative action (AA), when AA policies are based on social class criteria rather than on group affiliation (race, ethnicity, or gender), by means of a general model ... Full text Cite

A Direct Route to Full Employment

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · October 2010 Open Access Cite

Obama and the Problem of Racial Inequality in Post-Racial America

Journal Article Convergence Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal · July 2010 Cite

The economics of race and eugenic sterilization in North Carolina: 1958-1968.

Journal Article Economics and human biology · July 2010 Theoretical justifications for state-sanctioned sterilization of individuals provided by Irving Fisher rationalized its racialization on grounds that certain non-white racial groups, particularly blacks due to their dysgenic biological and behavioral trait ... Full text Cite

Reparations for African-Americans as a transfer problem: A cautionary tale

Journal Article Review of Development Economics · May 1, 2010 We examine how different methods of reparations payments to African-Americans affect both the black and nonblack populations of the United States using the framework of the transfer-problem from international trade theory as a theoretical foundation. We fi ... Full text Cite

Under the skin: using theories from biology and the social sciences to explore the mechanisms behind the black-white health gap.

Journal Article American journal of public health · April 2010 Equity and social well-being considerations make Black-White health disparities an area of important concern. Although previous research suggests that discrimination- and poverty-related stressors play a role in African American health outcomes, the mechan ... Full text Cite

Race, genetics and health: An introduction

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · January 1, 2010 The emergence of putative race-specific or ethnic-specific medicines appears to be overturning a new consensus reached by physical anthropologists that race is a biological fiction. This article examines whether there is substance to the notion that conven ... Full text Cite

Can ‘Baby Bonds’ Eliminate the Racial Wealth Gap in Putative Post-Racial America?

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · January 2010 Despite an enormous and persistent black-white wealth gap, the ascendant American narrative is one that proclaims that our society has transcended the racial divide. The proclamation often is coupled with the claim that remaining disparities are d ... Full text Cite

Where are brothers in the academy?: Schools successful at producing black male graduates

Journal Article Diversity in Higher Education · December 1, 2009 Full text Cite

Where are the brothers? Alternatives to four-year college for black males

Journal Article Diversity in Higher Education · December 1, 2009 There has been much discussion, but little research about why African American males do not attend and or complete a college education. We examine the alternatives that might reduce or compete with the decision to complete a college education. We analyze t ... Full text Cite

More Cobwebs? Robert Solow, Uncertainty, and the Theory of Distribution

Journal Article History of Political Economy · December 1, 2009 Full text Cite

Shedding “light” on marriage: The influence of skin shade on marriage for black females

Journal Article Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · October 2009 Full text Cite

Guns and Butter Once Again

Journal Article Review of Radical Political Economics · September 2009 Full text Cite

The effects of housing market discrimination on earnings inequality

Chapter · July 8, 2009 Examines the empirical relationship between residential segregation in a metropolitan area and racial wage disparities in the same metropolitan area; details the correlation between loan denial rates and racial wage disparities in MSAs and accounts for com ... Full text Cite

Desegregated schools with segregated education

Chapter · July 8, 2009 Reviews how educational inequities are no longer solely shaped by residential segregation but are increasingly based on diff erential access to quality instruction and curricula within schools, selectively determined by race. Eff ective alternatives includ ... Full text Cite

"Stratification Economics: Context Versus Culture and the Reparations Controversy"

Journal Article The University of Kansas Law Review · May 2009 Cite

Efficient and robust compressed sensing using optimized expander graphs

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · January 1, 2009 Expander graphs have been recently proposed to construct efficient compressed sensing algorithms. In particular, it has been shown that any n-dimensional vector that is k-sparse can be fully recovered using O(k log n) measurements and only O(k log n) simpl ... Full text Cite

Ethnicity and economic development

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Cite

Forty Acres and a Mule in the 21st Century*

Journal Article Social Science Quarterly · September 2008 In general, a program of reparations is intended to achieve three objectives: acknowledgment of a grievous injustice, redress for the injustice, and closure of the grievances held by the group subjected to the injustice. Three types of injustices m ... Full text Cite

Latino Racial Choices

Journal Article Ethnic and Racial Studies · September 2008 Cite

Measuring the Wage Costs of Limited English

Journal Article Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · August 2008 Scholars have found that poor English proficiency is negatively associated with wages using self-reported measures. However, these estimates may suffer from misclassification bias. Interviewer ratings are likely to more accurately proxy employer a ... Full text Cite

Are Reports of Discrimination Valid? Considering the Moral Hazard Effect

Journal Article The American Journal of Economics and Sociology · April 2008 Abstract.  Antidiscrimination laws are designed to prompt employers to stop excluding black workers from jobs they offer and from treating them unequally with respect to promotion and salaries once on the j ... Full text Cite

Capitalism and Slavery

Chapter · January 1, 2008 Cite

The Emerging Black Middle Class: Single and Living Alone

Journal Article Social Forces · December 2007 Cite

From Dark to Light: Skin Color and Wages Among African Americans

Journal Article Journal of Human Resources · October 2007 Cite

The emerging black middle class: Single and living alone

Journal Article Social Forces · January 1, 2007 The literature on the black middle class has focused predominantly on married-couple families with children, reflecting a conception of the black middle class as principally composed of this family type. If that conception is correct, then declining rates ... Full text Cite

Shades of Discrimination: Skin Tone and Wages

Journal Article American Economic Review · April 1, 2006 Full text Cite

On rewriting chapter 2 of the general theory keynes’s concept of involuntary unemployment

Chapter · January 1, 2006 Maynard Keynes did not tend to look backward. Instead of continuously resurrecting positions he had taken at earlier stages of his intellectual development as an economist, his inclination was to layout his latest position in an entirely new work. Perhaps ... Full text Cite

The Economics of Identity: The Origin and Persistence of Racial Identity Norms

Journal Article Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization · 2006 Cite

Does a foot in the door matter? white-nonwhite differences in the wage return to tenure and prior workplace experience

Journal Article Southern Economic Journal · January 1, 2006 The theory of ability misperception posits that employers will offer greater rewards to whites than nonwhites for similar levels of prior experience (Proposition 1) but that racial/ethnic differences in the return to additional tenure or seniority with the ... Full text Cite

Acting white [2]

Journal Article Education Next · 2006 Cite

A multi-city community based smoking research intervention project in the African-American population.

Journal Article International quarterly of community health education · January 2006 ObjectiveTo carry out a community-based research approach to determine the most effective educational interventions to reduce smoking among African-American smokers. The intervention included preparation of the community, planning and developing a ... Full text Cite

Bleach in the Rainbow: Latin Ethnicity and Preference for Whiteness

Journal Article Transforming Anthropology · October 2005 Cite

Is there racism in economic research?

Journal Article European Journal of Political Economy · September 2005 Full text Cite

It's Not “a Black Thing”: Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement

Journal Article American Sociological Review · August 2005 For two decades the acting white hypothesis—the premise that black students are driven toward low school performance because of racialized peer pressure—has served as an explanation for the black-white achievement gap. Fordham and Ogbu proposed th ... Full text Cite

Stratification Economics

Journal Article Journal of Ecoomics and Finance · July 2005 Cite

Stratification economics: The role of intergroup inequality

Journal Article Journal of Economics and Finance · June 2005 Full text Cite

Growth, trade and uneven development

Journal Article Cambridge Journal of Economics · January 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Interrogating unstable boundaries: An introduction

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · January 1, 2005 In late April 2002 the Institute of African American Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill held a major interdisciplinary and multimedia conference entitled "Dialogues on Race and Identity: A Tomming and Passing Symposium." The confer ... Full text Cite

Afro-Mexicano symposium: An introduction

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · January 1, 2005 The very construction of the notion of the "mestizo" ("mestizaje") as the Mexican racial archetype-an admixture of Spanish ancestry and native ancestry-systematically omits the African origins of the Mexican population. Based upon longstanding American nor ... Full text Cite

Economics, economists and expectations: From microfoundations to macroapplications

Journal Article Economics, Economists and Expectations: From Microfoundations to Macroapplications · March 4, 2004 The concept of rational expectations has played a hugely important role in economics over the years. Dealing with the origins and development of modern approaches to expectations in micro and macroeconomics, this book makes use of primary sources and previ ... Full text Cite

Racial and ethnic economic inequality: A cross-national perspective

Journal Article Race, Poverty, and Domestic Policy · 2004 Cite

Racial discrimination in the labor market

Journal Article Race, Liberalism, and Economics · 2004 There is substantial racial disparity in the American economy, and a major cause of this is discriminatory treatment within labor markets. The evidence is ubiquitous and includes careful research studies that estimate wage and employment regressions, help- ... Cite

The wellspring of racial inequality

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · 2004 Cite

IS-LM-BP: An Inquest

Journal Article History of Political Economy · January 1, 2004 Full text Cite

Will the Poor Always be with Us?

Journal Article Review of Social Economy · December 2003 Full text Cite

Boundaries of clan and color: Transnational comparisons of inter-group disparity

Journal Article Boundaries of Clan and Color: Transnational Comparisons of Inter-Group Disparity · May 21, 2003 Economic disparity between ethnic and racial groups is a ubiquitous and pervasive phenomenon internationally. Gaps between groups encompass employment, wage, occupational status and wealth differentials. Virtually every nation is comprised of a group whose ... Full text Cite

The Economics of Reparations

Journal Article American Economic Review · April 1, 2003 Full text Cite

Employment discrimination, segregation, and health.

Journal Article American journal of public health · February 2003 The author examines available evidence on the effects of exposure to joblessness on emotional well-being according to race and sex. The impact of racism on general health outcomes also is considered, particularly racism in the specific form of wage discrim ... Full text Cite

Finance and competition

Journal Article Development Economics and Structuralist Macroeconomics: Essays in Honor of Lance Taylor · 2003 Full text Cite

"Give Affirmative Action Time to Act"

Journal Article The Chronicle of Higher Education · 2003 Cite

Passing on blackness: Latinos, race, and earnings in the USA

Journal Article Applied Economics Letters · October 2002 Full text Cite

Intergroup Disparity: Why Culture Is Irrelevant

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · March 2002 Cite

The Early History of Rational and Implicit Expectations

Journal Article History of Political Economy · December 2001 Cite

Persistent Advantage or Disadvantage?: Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis

Journal Article The American Journal of Economics and Sociology · April 2001 Cite

The functionality of market-based discrimination

Journal Article International Journal of Social Economics · January 1, 2001 Advances a framework for understanding the mechanisms that maintain unearned or inherited advantage or privilege in a hierarchical world of unequal rewards and differential opportunity. Central in this framework is the presence of a dominant group and a su ... Full text Cite

"The Functionality of Market-Based Discrimination"

Journal Article International Journal of Social Economics · 2001 Cite

"End of Race?"

Journal Article Transforming Anthropology · 2001 Cite

Why did black relative earnings surge in the early 1990s?

Journal Article Journal of Economic Issues · 2001 Cite

Tracing the Divide: Intergroup Disparity Across Countries

Journal Article Eastern Economic Journal · December 2000 Cite

Intergroup Economic Inequality Across Countries: An Introductory Essay

Journal Article Review of Social Economy · September 2000 Cite

"Working Hard for the Money? Efficiency Wages and Worker Effort"

Journal Article Journal of Economic Psychology · 2000 Cite

"Reply to Ahiakpor"

Journal Article History of Political Economy · 2000 Cite

Motivation and labor market outcomes

Journal Article Research in Labor Economics · 2000 Cite

"Who Loses From Unemployment"

Journal Article Journal of Economic Issues · June 1999 Cite

"If It Shall Seem Just and Proper": the Effect of Race and Morals On Alimony and Child Support Appeals in the District of Columbia, 1950-1980

Journal Article Journal of Family History · October 1998 This article tests the hypothesis that judicial arbitrariness dominated alimony or child support appeals in the pre-no-fault era by analyzing data on all alimony and child support appeals in the District of Columbia from 1950 through 1980. Censore ... Full text Cite

Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender

Journal Article Journal of Economic Perspectives · May 1, 1998 There is substantial racial and gender disparity in the American economy. As we will demonstrate, discriminatory treatment within the labor market is a major cause of this inequality. Yet, there appear to have been particular periods in which raci ... Full text Cite

Race, cognitive skills, psychological capital and wages

Journal Article Review of Black Political Economy · 1998 The Thernstroms have challenged the long established "stylized fact" that blacks earn less than otherwise comparable whites. They argue that research that neglects the influence of cognitive ability on wage is responsible for this finding. In the Thernstro ... Cite

Racial earnings disparities and family structure

Journal Article Southern Economic Journal · 1998 One explanation for the widening of racial earnings gaps among family heads during the 1980s is that black families were increasingly headed by females during that period. This explanation is tested using data on black and white family heads in 1976 and 19 ... Cite

Intergroup disparity: Economic theory and social science evidence

Journal Article Southern Economic Journal · 1998 Cite

Increasing Returns and Intensification: A Reprise on Ester Boserup's Model of Agricultural Growth

Journal Article Metroeconomica · January 1, 1997 The dynamics of Ester Boserup's model of intensification of ``primitive'' (non-chemical, non-mechanized) agriculture have been worked out in three papers by Darity, Pryor and Maurer, and Salehi-Isfahani under conditions where techniques generating higher l ... Full text Cite

The impact of psychological and human capital on wages

Journal Article Economic Inquiry · 1997 Historically, economists have taken the position that psychological capital is either unobservable or unmeasurable; thus, heretofore, little evidence has been available on the contribution of psychological capital to wages. Using data drawn from two differ ... Cite

Formally modeling a gender-segregated economy: A reply to Campbell and Warner

Journal Article World Development · 1997 Campbell and Warner contend that there are two major problems with my presentation of a formal structure for analysis of a gender-segregated low-income economy in an earlier issue of this journal. Their first argument that there is no explicit treatment of ... Cite

Unemployment, joblessness, psychological well-being and self-esteem: Theory and evidence

Journal Article Journal of Socio-Economics · 1997 Social psychologists Erikson (1959), Jahoda (1979, 1981, 1982) and Seligman (1975) believe that exposure to events such as joblessness are capable of impairing an individual's psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is a multidimensional concept ... Cite

Differences between black and white patients with cancer of the uterine corpus in interval from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation (United States).

Journal Article Cancer Causes Control · May 1996 To determine whether Black women with symptoms of uterine corpus cancer had longer times from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation than did White women in the United States, 331 newly diagnosed patients living in Atlanta (GA), New Orleans (L ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social Psychology, Unemployment and Macroeconomics

Journal Article Journal of Economic Perspectives · 1996 Cite

Explaining differences in economic performance among racial and ethnic groups in the USA: The data examined

Journal Article American Journal of Economics and Sociology · 1996 By utilizing self-reported race and ancestry in the 1980 and 1990 USA censuses and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, the extent of wage discrimination experienced by women and by men is examined across 50 ethnic/racial groups. Systematic evidence ... Cite

The psychological impact of unemployment and joblessness

Journal Article The Journal of Socio-Economics · January 1996 Full text Cite

Ethnicity, race, and earnings

Journal Article Economics Letters · March 1995 Full text Cite

The formal structure of a gender-segregated low-income economy

Journal Article World Development · 1995 Based upon insights drawn from research concerning the nature of the gender-based division of labor in agrarian regions of developing countries, a formal model is advanced of the interactions that take place in such a setting. Males are characterized as se ... Cite

Social psychology, unemployment exposure and equilibrium unemployment

Journal Article Journal of Economic Psychology · September 1992 Full text Cite

IS-LM under increasing returns

Journal Article Journal of Macroeconomics · September 1991 Full text Cite

City directories as sources for survey work in low- and middle-income black communities.

Journal Article American journal of public health · September 1990 Commercial directories and governmental lists of dwelling units in low income urban Black communities in four eastern cities were evaluated for completeness. With rare exceptions, less than 90 percent of dwelling units were included in any one list and no ... Full text Cite

Measurement of progress against cancer. Extramural Committee to Assess Measures of Progress Against Cancer.

Journal Article Journal of the National Cancer Institute · May 1990 The questions of the extent of progress against cancer and how to measure it have stimulated attention among scientists and in Congress. In this presentation, we summarize a report requested by the Senate Appropriations Committee to address the adequacy of ... Cite

IMPACTS OF VIOLENT CRIME ON BLACK FAMILY STRUCTURE

Journal Article Contemporary Economic Policy · January 1, 1990 Violent crime contributes to depleting the supply of marriageable males in minority communities. Young black males die disproportionately due to homicides. Also, a disproportionate number of young black males are in prisons and jails. Consequently, they ar ... Full text Cite

Reply to “A Common Error”

Journal Article Journal of Macroeconomics · December 1989 Full text Cite

Profitability of the British trade in slaves once again

Journal Article Explorations in Economic History · July 1989 Full text Cite

The Williams Abolition Thesis Before Williams

Journal Article Slavery & Abolition · May 1, 1988 Full text Cite

Abram Harris: An Odyssey from Howard to Chicago

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · December 1, 1987 Full text Cite

Debt, finance, production and trade in a north-south model: The surplus approach

Journal Article Cambridge Journal of Economics · September 1, 1987 Cite

Surplus people and expendable children: The structure of apartheid and the mortality crisis in South Africa

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · March 1, 1987 South Africa's apartheid scheme is considered as a paradigm case for the creation and maltreatment of a putatively surplus population. Both active and passive policies are identified that are utilized to contain the numbers of the black population of the n ... Full text Cite

The Managerial Class and Industrial Policy

Journal Article Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society · January 1, 1986 Full text Cite

Rudolf hilferding: The dominion of capitalism and the dominion of gold

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1, 1985 Cite

Peddlers forever?: Culture, Competition, and discrimination

Journal Article American Economic Review · May 1, 1985 Cite

The numbers game and the profitability of the British trade in slaves.

Journal Article Journal of Economic History · 1985 More than a century after its termination the slave trade in Africa remains a controversial topic. In particular, disputes continue to wax strong over the profitability of the Atlantic slave trade, on three major dimensions: the degree of competition chara ... Cite

Public policy and the condition of black family life

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 1984 Full text Cite

The managerial class and surplus population

Journal Article Society · November 1, 1983 Full text Cite

Contemporary Marxism: Ideology or Science? A Review Essay on: Research in Political Economy

Journal Article Review of Radical Political Economics · January 1, 1983 Full text Cite

On the long-run outcome of the Lewis-Nurkse international growth process

Journal Article Journal of Development Economics · June 1982 Full text Cite

Distribution, effective demand, and the orthodox macromodel

Journal Article Journal of Macroeconomics · September 1981 Full text Cite

Illusions of black economic progress

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · December 1, 1980 Full text Cite

Changes in black-white income inequality, 1968-78: A decade of progress?

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · June 1, 1980 Full text Cite

The Boserup theory of agricultural growth: a model for anthropological economics.

Journal Article Journal of development economics · January 1980 Full text Cite

Health manpower and the black community.

Journal Article Urban health · August 1977 Cite

Economic theory and racial economic inequality

Journal Article The Review of Black Political Economy · March 1, 1975 Full text Cite

Fears of genocide among black Americans as related to age, sex, and region.

Journal Article American journal of public health · December 1973 Full text Cite

Family planning, race consciousness and the fear of race genocide.

Journal Article American journal of public health · November 1972 Full text Cite

Health Knowledge Level of Secondary School Students

Journal Article Health Education Journal · January 1, 1970 Full text Cite

Some implications of a pregnancy on campus: a research study.

Journal Article Journal of the American College Health Association · February 1968 Cite

Some considerations in developing family planning services.

Journal Article Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1896) · August 1967 Full text Cite