Scholars@Duke
Cagla Eroglu

Cagla Eroglu

Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology
Cell Biology
c.eroglu@cellbio.duke.edu
Duke Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710
333A Nanaline Duke Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

GEARBOCS: An Adeno Associated Virus Tool for In Vivo Gene Editing in Astrocytes.

Journal Article bioRxiv · October 10, 2024 CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering enables rapid and precise gene manipulations in the CNS. Here, we developed a non-invasive astrocyte-specific method utilizing a single AAV vector, which we named GEARBOCS (Gene Editing in AstRocytes Based On CRISPR/Cas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocyte-neuron crosstalk in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · October 1, 2024 A fundamental feature shared across neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is the disruption of synaptic circuit formation and homeostasis. During early life, non-neuronal cells called astrocytes tightly regulate the establishment of circuits by controlling f ... Full text Link to item Cite

SynBot is an open-source image analysis software for automated quantification of synapses.

Journal Article Cell Rep Methods · September 16, 2024 The formation of precise numbers of neuronal connections, known as synapses, is crucial for brain function. Therefore, synaptogenesis mechanisms have been one of the main focuses of neuroscience. Immunohistochemistry is a common tool for visualizing synaps ... Full text Link to item Cite

SynBot: An open-source image analysis software for automated quantification of synapses.

Journal Article bioRxiv · July 12, 2024 The formation of precise numbers of neuronal connections, known as synapses, is crucial for brain function. Therefore, synaptogenesis mechanisms have been one of the main focuses of neuroscience. Immunohistochemistry is a common tool for visualizing synaps ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocyte-secreted neurocan controls inhibitory synapse formation and function.

Journal Article Neuron · May 15, 2024 Astrocytes strongly promote the formation and maturation of synapses by secreted proteins. Several astrocyte-secreted synaptogenic proteins controlling excitatory synapse development were identified; however, those that induce inhibitory synaptogenesis rem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocyte signaling and interactions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Journal Article Curr Opin Cell Biol · February 2024 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of impairment in working-aged adults. MS is characterized by neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the brain, which cause myelin loss and death of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Many studi ... Full text Link to item Cite

δ-Catenin controls astrocyte morphogenesis via layer-specific astrocyte-neuron cadherin interactions.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · November 6, 2023 Astrocytes control the formation of specific synaptic circuits via cell adhesion and secreted molecules. Astrocyte synaptogenic functions are dependent on the establishment of their complex morphology. However, it is unknown if distinct neuronal cues diffe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control.

Journal Article Nat Commun · September 8, 2023 Synaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we show that operant conditioning via lever-press for food reward training ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional gene delivery to and across brain vasculature of systemic AAVs with endothelial-specific tropism in rodents and broad tropism in primates.

Journal Article Nat Commun · June 8, 2023 Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocyte-Secreted Neurocan Controls Inhibitory Synapse Formation and Function.

Journal Article bioRxiv · April 3, 2023 Astrocytes strongly promote the formation and maturation of synapses by secreted proteins. To date, several astrocyte-secreted synaptogenic proteins controlling different stages of excitatory synapse development have been identified. However, the identitie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hevin/Sparcl1 drives pathological pain through spinal cord astrocyte and NMDA receptor signaling.

Journal Article JCI Insight · December 8, 2022 High endothelial venule protein/SPARC-like 1 (hevin/Sparcl1) is an astrocyte-secreted protein that regulates synapse formation in the brain. Here we show that astrocytic hevin signaling plays a critical role in maintaining chronic pain. Compared with WT mi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prenatal environmental stressors impair postnatal microglia function and adult behavior in males.

Journal Article Cell Rep · August 2, 2022 Gestational exposure to environmental toxins and socioeconomic stressors is epidemiologically linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with strong male bias, such as autism. We model these prenatal risk factors in mice by co-exposing pregnant dams to an envi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of astrocyte structural plasticity in regulating neural circuit function and behavior.

Journal Article Glia · August 2022 Brain circuits undergo substantial structural changes during development, driven by the formation, stabilization, and elimination of synapses. Synaptic connections continue to undergo experience-dependent structural rearrangements throughout life, which ar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autism-associated mutation in Hevin/Sparcl1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress through structural instability.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 13, 2022 Hevin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is encoded by the SPARCL1 gene. Recent studies have shown that Hevin plays an important role in regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Mutations in the SPARCL1 gene increase the risk of auti ... Full text Link to item Cite

HepaCAM controls astrocyte self-organization and coupling.

Journal Article Neuron · August 4, 2021 Astrocytes extensively infiltrate the neuropil to regulate critical aspects of synaptic development and function. This process is regulated by transcellular interactions between astrocytes and neurons via cell adhesion molecules. How astrocytes coordinate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cell adhesion molecules regulating astrocyte-neuron interactions.

Journal Article Current opinion in neurobiology · August 2021 A tripartite synapse comprises a neuronal presynaptic axon and a postsynaptic dendrite, which are closely ensheathed by a perisynaptic astrocyte process. Through their structural and functional association with thousands of neuronal synapses, astrocytes re ... Full text Cite

Building and destroying synaptic bridges: How do Hevin/Sparcl1, SPARC, and MDGAs modify trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin interactions?

Journal Article Structure · July 1, 2021 Astrocyte-secreted Hevin induces synapse formation by bridging the trans-synaptic organizers, neuroligins and neurexins. In this issue of Structure, Fan et al. (2021) elucidate the structural basis of Hevin's interaction with these molecules and reveal the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute post-injury blockade of α2δ-1 calcium channel subunits prevents pathological autonomic plasticity after spinal cord injury.

Journal Article Cell Rep · January 26, 2021 After spinal cord injury (SCI), normally innocuous visceral or somatic stimuli can trigger uncontrolled reflex activation of sympathetic circuitry, causing pathological dysautonomia. We show that remarkable structural remodeling and plasticity occur within ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of astrocytes in synapse formation and maturation.

Chapter · 2021 Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain and directly participate in the proper functioning of the nervous system by regulating ion homeostasis, controlling glutamate reuptake, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. In the last ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental onset of enduring long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampus.

Journal Article Hippocampus · December 2020 Analysis of long-term potentiation (LTP) provides a powerful window into cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Prior work shows late LTP (L-LTP), lasting >3 hr, occurs abruptly at postnatal day 12 (P12) in the stratum radiatum of rat hippocampal area ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemico-genetic discovery of astrocytic control of inhibition in vivo.

Journal Article Nature · December 2020 Perisynaptic astrocytic processes are an integral part of central nervous system synapses1,2; however, the molecular mechanisms that govern astrocyte-synapse adhesions and how astrocyte contacts control synapse formation and function are largely unknown. H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emerging roles for α2δ subunits in calcium channel function and synaptic connectivity.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · August 2020 Central nervous system function requires the proper formation and function of synapses. The α2δ auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels have emerged as regulators of a number of critical events associated with regulation of synaptic function, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing Nervous System-Specific Gene Targeting with Cre Driver Lines: Prevalence of Germline Recombination and Influencing Factors.

Journal Article Neuron · April 8, 2020 The Cre-loxP system is invaluable for spatial and temporal control of gene knockout, knockin, and reporter expression in the mouse nervous system. However, we report varying probabilities of unexpected germline recombination in distinct Cre driver lines de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Striatal Projection Neurons Require Huntingtin for Synaptic Connectivity and Survival.

Journal Article Cell Rep · January 21, 2020 Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an autosomal dominant polyglutamine expansion mutation of Huntingtin (HTT). HD patients suffer from progressive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments, along with significant degeneration of the striatal projec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocytes and synaptogenesis

Chapter · January 1, 2020 Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, were once considered to be passive residents of nervous tissue, performing the most basic housekeeping functions such as spatial ion buffering and water homeostasis. However, in recent years, we have expanded our knowl ... Full text Cite

Lysosome-Rich Enterocytes Mediate Protein Absorption in the Vertebrate Gut.

Journal Article Dev Cell · October 7, 2019 The guts of neonatal mammals and stomachless fish have a limited capacity for luminal protein digestion, which allows oral acquisition of antibodies and antigens. However, how dietary protein is absorbed during critical developmental stages when the gut is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of neural development and function by glial neuroligins.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · August 2019 Neuroligins are a family of cell adhesion molecules, which are best known for their functions as postsynaptic components of the trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin complexes. Neuroligins are highly conserved across evolution with important roles in the form ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocytes "Chordinate" Synapse Maturation and Plasticity.

Journal Article Neuron · December 5, 2018 A key step in excitatory synapse maturation is the switch in AMPA receptor subunit composition to GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable receptors. Now, Blanco-Suarez et al. (2018) demonstrate that astrocyte-secreted chordin-like 1 drives this process, enabl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thrombospondin receptor α2δ-1 promotes synaptogenesis and spinogenesis via postsynaptic Rac1.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · October 1, 2018 Astrocytes control excitatory synaptogenesis by secreting thrombospondins (TSPs), which function via their neuronal receptor, the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1. α2δ-1 is a drug target for epilepsy and neuropathic pain; thus the TSP-α2δ-1 interaction is imp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subretinal Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cell Transplantation Preserves Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Attenuates Müller Glial Reactivity.

Journal Article J Neurosci · March 21, 2018 Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC or palucorcel) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of geographic atrophy, a late stage of macular degeneration, but how hUTC transplantation mediates vision recovery is not fully elucidate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ben Barres (1954-2017).

Journal Article Neuron · March 21, 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

An Antimicrobial Peptide and Its Neuronal Receptor Regulate Dendrite Degeneration in Aging and Infection.

Journal Article Neuron · January 3, 2018 Infections have been identified as possible risk factors for aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, but it remains unclear whether infection-related immune molecules have a causative role in neurodegeneration during aging. Here, we reveal an unexpected ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Astrocytic neuroligins control astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.

Journal Article Nature · November 8, 2017 Astrocytes are complex glial cells with numerous fine cellular processes that infiltrate the neuropil and interact with synapses. The mechanisms that control the establishment of astrocyte morphology are unknown, and it is unclear whether impairing astrocy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions.

Journal Article Neuron · November 1, 2017 Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain, are critical regulators of brain development and physiology through dynamic and often bidirectional interactions with neuronal synapses. Despite the clear importance of astrocytes for the es ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-induced synaptogenesis.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · August 2017 Astrocytes are morphologically complex cells that perform a wide variety of critical functions in the brain. As a structurally and functionally integrated component of the synapse, astrocytes secrete proteins, lipids, and small molecules that bind neuronal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abnormal degradation of the neuronal stress-protective transcription factor HSF1 in Huntington's disease.

Journal Article Nat Commun · February 13, 2017 Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by poly-glutamine expansion in the Htt protein, resulting in Htt misfolding and cell death. Expression of the cellular protein folding and pro-survival machinery by heat shock transcription fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse development and plasticity.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · February 2017 In the brain, the formation of complex neuronal networks amenable to experience-dependent remodeling is complicated by the diversity of neurons and synapse types. The establishment of a functional brain depends not only on neurons, but also non-neuronal gl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The cell biology of astrocyte-synapse interactions.

Conference MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL · January 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

How Do Astrocytes Shape Synaptic Circuits?

Conference NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · December 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Central Mechanisms Mediating Thrombospondin-4-induced Pain States.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 17, 2016 Peripheral nerve injury induces increased expression of thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia that contributes to neuropathic pain states through unknown mechanisms. Here, we test the hypothesis that TSP4 activates its receptor, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocytes Assemble Thalamocortical Synapses by Bridging NRX1α and NL1 via Hevin.

Journal Article Cell · January 14, 2016 Proper establishment of synapses is critical for constructing functional circuits. Interactions between presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins coordinate the formation of synaptic adhesions. An isoform code determines the direct interactions of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Dysregulation of Thrombospondins and Synapse Formation are Associated with Decreased Neuronal Density in the Adult Hippocampus.

Journal Article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · December 2015 BACKGROUND: Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure (AIE) has profound effects on neuronal function. We have previously shown that AIE causes aberrant hippocampal structure and function that persists into adulthood. However, the possible contributions of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Promote Synapse Formation and Neurite Outgrowth via Thrombospondin Family Proteins.

Journal Article J Neurosci · November 25, 2015 Featured Publication UNLABELLED: Cell therapy demonstrates great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTCs) were previously shown to have protective and regenerative effects in animal models of stroke and retinal degener ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of synaptic connectivity and homeostasis by astrocytes

Conference JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY · August 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure: persistence of structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities into adulthood.

Journal Article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · June 2015 BACKGROUND: Human adolescence is a crucial stage of neurological development during which ethanol (EtOH) consumption is often at its highest. Alcohol abuse during adolescence may render individuals at heightened risk for subsequent alcohol abuse disorders, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocytes Control Synapse Formation, Function, and Elimination.

Journal Article Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol · February 6, 2015 Featured Publication Astrocytes, through their close associations with synapses, can monitor and alter synaptic function, thus actively controlling synaptic transmission in the adult brain. Besides their important role at adult synapses, in the last three decades a number of c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Astrocytes refine cortical connectivity at dendritic spines.

Journal Article Elife · December 17, 2014 Featured Publication During cortical synaptic development, thalamic axons must establish synaptic connections despite the presence of the more abundant intracortical projections. How thalamocortical synapses are formed and maintained in this competitive environment is unknown. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Huntingtin is required for normal excitatory synapse development in cortical and striatal circuits.

Journal Article J Neurosci · July 9, 2014 Featured Publication Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a poly-glutamine (poly-Q) stretch in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Gain-of-function effects of mutant Htt have been extensively investigated as the major driver of neurodeg ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Circuit-selective striatal synaptic dysfunction in the Sapap3 knockout mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 15, 2014 BACKGROUND: Synapse-associated protein 90/postsynaptic density protein 95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3) is an excitatory postsynaptic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive behaviors. In mice, genetic deletion of Sapap3 causes obses ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid Golgi analysis method for efficient and unbiased classification of dendritic spines.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 Dendritic spines are the primary recipients of excitatory synaptic input in the brain. Spine morphology provides important information on the functional state of ongoing synaptic transmission. One of the most commonly used methods to visualize spines is Go ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroligins provide molecular links between syndromic and nonsyndromic autism.

Journal Article Sci Signal · July 9, 2013 Autism is a common and heritable neuropsychiatric disorder that can be categorized into two types: syndromic and nonsyndromic, the former of which are associated with other neurological disorders or syndromes. Molecular and functional links between syndrom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protective astrogenesis from the SVZ niche after injury is controlled by Notch modulator Thbs4.

Journal Article Nature · May 16, 2013 Postnatal/adult neural stem cells (NSCs) within the rodent subventricular zone (SVZ; also called subependymal zone) generate doublecortin (Dcx)(+) neuroblasts that migrate and integrate into olfactory bulb circuitry. Continuous production of neuroblasts is ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Astrocyes orchestrate dendritic spine formation and maturation

Conference JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY · May 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Protective astrogenesis from the SVZ niche after injury is controlled by Notch modulator Thbs4

Journal Article Nature · 2013 Postnatal/adult neural stem cells (NSCs) within the rodent subventricular zone (SVZ; also called subependymal zone) generate doublecortin (Dcx) + neuroblasts that migrate and integrate into olfactory bulb circuitry. Continuous production of neuroblasts is ... Full text Open Access Cite

Thrombospondin-4 contributes to spinal sensitization and neuropathic pain states.

Journal Article J Neurosci · June 27, 2012 Neuropathic pain is a common cause of pain after nerve injury, but its molecular basis is poorly understood. In a post-gene chip microarray effort to identify new target genes contributing to neuropathic pain development, we report here the characterizatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thrombospondins as key regulators of synaptogenesis in the central nervous system.

Journal Article Matrix Biol · April 2012 Thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of large, oligomeric multidomain glycoproteins that participate in a variety of biological functions as part of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Through their associations with a number of binding partners, TSPs mediate c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 9, 2011 Featured Publication Astrocytes regulate synaptic connectivity in the CNS through secreted signals. Here we identified two astrocyte-secreted proteins, hevin and SPARC, as regulators of excitatory synaptogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Hevin induces the formation of synapses bet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantifying synapses: an immunocytochemistry-based assay to quantify synapse number.

Journal Article J Vis Exp · November 16, 2010 One of the most important goals in neuroscience is to understand the molecular cues that instruct early stages of synapse formation. As such it has become imperative to develop objective approaches to quantify changes in synaptic connectivity. Starting fro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia.

Journal Article Nature · November 11, 2010 The human brain contains more than 100 trillion (10(14)) synaptic connections, which form all of its neural circuits. Neuroscientists have long been interested in how this complex synaptic web is weaved during development and remodelled during learning and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of astrocyte-secreted matricellular proteins in central nervous system development and function.

Journal Article J Cell Commun Signal · December 2009 Matricellular proteins, such as thrombospondins (TSPs1-4), SPARC, SPARC-like1 (hevin) and tenascin C are expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of these proteins suggest that the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gabapentin receptor alpha2delta-1 is a neuronal thrombospondin receptor responsible for excitatory CNS synaptogenesis.

Journal Article Cell · October 16, 2009 Featured Publication Synapses are asymmetric cellular adhesions that are critical for nervous system development and function, but the mechanisms that induce their formation are not well understood. We have previously identified thrombospondin as an astrocyte-secreted protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Look who is weaving the neural web: glial control of synapse formation.

Journal Article Curr Opin Neurobiol · October 2009 Historically, our understanding of synapse formation has been shaped by studies focusing on neurons. However, with advancements in live imaging techniques and molecular and genetic tools we are rapidly uncovering new roles for glia in synapse formation and ... Full text Link to item Cite

HOW DO ASTROCYTES INDUCE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNAPSE FORMATION?

Journal Article JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY · March 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

Glia as active participants in the development and function of synapses

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Long before the discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP), Ramon y Cajal recognized glia's intimate association with synapses in the brain. Though their function was at that time a mystery, he predicted that glia must be doing more than simply filling t ... Full text Cite

Thrombospondins 1 and 2 are necessary for synaptic plasticity and functional recovery after stroke.

Journal Article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · October 2008 Thrombospondins 1 and 2 (TSP-1/2) belong to a family of extracellular glycoproteins with angiostatic and synaptogenic properties. Although TSP-1/2 have been postulated to drive the resolution of postischemic angiogenesis, their role in synaptic and functio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phospholipid membrane composition affects EGF receptor and Notch signaling through effects on endocytosis during Drosophila development.

Journal Article Dev Cell · October 2003 The role of phospholipids in the regulation of membrane trafficking and signaling is largely unknown. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a main component of the plasma membrane. Mutants in the Drosophila phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase 1 (CCT1), the rate-limi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glutamate-binding affinity of Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor is modulated by association with lipid rafts.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · September 2, 2003 Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are responsible for the effects of glutamate in slow synaptic transmission, and are implicated in the regulation of many processes in the CNS. Recently, we have reported the expression and purification of a mGluR f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacological characterization and immunoaffinity purification of metabotropic glutamate receptor from Drosophila overexpressed in Sf9 cells.

Journal Article Protein Expr Purif · August 2003 Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) play important roles in the function and regulation of the central nervous system. Structural studies are necessary for the detailed understanding of their mechanisms of action. However, overexpression and purifica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional reconstitution of purified metabotropic glutamate receptor expressed in the fly eye.

Journal Article EMBO Rep · May 2002 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form one of the largest superfamilies of membrane proteins. Obtaining high yields of GPCRs remains one of the major factors limiting a detailed understanding of their structure and function. Photoreceptor cells (PRCs) co ... Full text Link to item Cite

A highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to hepatitis C virus.

Journal Article Acta Virol · February 2000 In this study, a 178 amino acids long portion of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core gene was cloned, sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. The resulting antigen (C178) was tested with human sera enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in ... Link to item Cite