Scholars@Duke
Nathan Andrew Kimbrel

Nathan Andrew Kimbrel

Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
nathan.kimbrel@duke.edu
2400 Pratt Street, 7th Floor, Durham, NC 27705
2400 Pratt Street, 7th Floor, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

The influence of cannabis use disorder on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, and non-suicidal self-injury among college students.

Journal Article J Am Coll Health · December 2024 Objective: The interrelationships between cannabis use disorder (CUD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) were examined. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 363) who reported using cannabis with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social connection and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Million Veteran Program cohort.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · December 2024 People with lower levels of social connection are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This extends to populations at greater risk of death by suicide, including U.S. military veterans. Despite this well-established association, it is unc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black Americans With Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Demonstrate Accelerated Epigenetic Pace of Aging Compared to Black Americans Without SCD.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · November 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic medical condition characterized by red blood cell sickling, vaso-occlusion, hemolytic anemia, and subsequently, end-organ damage and reduced survival. Because of this significant pathophysiology and early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analyses of GWAS signal using GRIN identify additional genes contributing to suicidal behavior.

Journal Article Communications biology · October 2024 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify genetic variants underlying complex traits but are limited by stringent genome-wide significance thresholds. We present GRIN (Gene set Refinement through Interacting Networks), which increases confidence in t ... Full text Cite

The association of military sexual assault and nonsuicidal self-injury in U.S. Gulf War-I era veterans.

Journal Article Mil Psychol · September 2, 2024 Military sexual assault (MSA) is a prevalent issue among military personnel that has been linked to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The present study sought to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of suicidal behaviors and genetic risk among United States veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · August 2024 Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar I disorder (BPI) are at high risk for self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors (SB). Characterizing associations between diagnosed health problems, prior pharmacological treatm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the critical warzone experiences scale among Gulf War I-era veterans: Associations with PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Journal Article Mil Psychol · June 7, 2024 Prior research has established the psychometric properties of the Critical Warzone Experiences (CWE) scale among post-9/11 Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans; however, the psychometric properties of the CWE among Gulf War I-era veterans have not yet been establ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Demographic characteristics and epigenetic biological aging among post-9/11 veterans: Associations of DunedinPACE with sex, race, and age.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · June 2024 Measures of epigenetic aging derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) have enabled the assessment of biological aging in new populations and cohorts. In the present study, we used an epigenetic measure of aging, DunedinPACE, to examine rates of aging across dem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deployment-related toxic exposures are associated with worsening mental and physical health after military service: Results from a self-report screening of veterans deployed after 9/11.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · June 2024 Exposure to toxins-such as heavy metals and air pollution-can result in poor health and wellbeing. Recent scientific and media attention has highlighted negative health outcomes associated with toxic exposures for U.S. military personnel deployed overseas. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Delivered to Firefighters via Videoconferencing: Pilot Outcomes Highlighting Improvements in Alcohol Use Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Journal Article Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · May 1, 2024 Firefighters protect the public despite significant risk to their health and well-being stemming from frequent trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. A minority of firefighters develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use disorder ( ... Full text Cite

Mental health treatment utilization among Gulf War era veterans with probable alcohol use disorder.

Journal Article J Subst Use Addict Treat · May 2024 INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among veterans, and excessive alcohol use is associated with significant mental and physical health consequences. Currently, the largest cohort of veterans seeking services at the VA are those from the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Implementation of Web-Based Safety Planning Intervention Training for Firefighter Peer Support Specialists.

Journal Article Crisis · March 2024 Background: Recent findings indicate that firefighters may be at increased risk for death by suicide; however, there has been only limited suicide prevention work in fire service to date. Aim: The objective of this program evaluation project was to develop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of cannabis use disorder in a veteran cohort enriched for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · March 2024 Cannabis use has been increasing over the past decade, not only in the general US population, but particularly among military veterans. With this rise in use has come a concomitant increase in cannabis use disorder (CUD) among veterans. Here, we performed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of Risk for Disinhibited Behaviors in the Million Veteran Program Cohort.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · February 1, 2024 IMPORTANCE: Many psychiatric outcomes share a common etiologic pathway reflecting behavioral disinhibition, generally referred to as externalizing (EXT) disorders. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have demonstrated the overlap between EXT dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential causal association between gut microbiome and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · January 31, 2024 BACKGROUND: The causal effects of gut microbiome and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are still unknown. This study aimed to clarify their potential causal association using mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: The summary-level st ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

High dimensional predictions of suicide risk in 4.2 million US Veterans using ensemble transfer learning.

Journal Article Sci Rep · January 20, 2024 We present an ensemble transfer learning method to predict suicide from Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic medical records (EMR). A diverse set of base models was trained to predict a binary outcome constructed from reported suicide, suicide attempt, and ove ... Full text Link to item Cite

Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma, and accelerated biological aging among post-9/11 veterans.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · January 6, 2024 People who experience trauma and develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for poor health. One mechanism that could explain this risk is accelerated biological aging, which is associated with the accumulation of chronic diseases, ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Experiential Avoidance, Pain, and Suicide Risk in a National Sample of Gulf War Veterans.

Journal Article Arch Suicide Res · 2024 OBJECTIVE: Pain confers risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Experiential avoidance (EA), which is relevant to both pain and suicide risk, has not been studied as a potential mechanism for this relationship. The present study tested the hypothesis tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal self-injury among veterans is associated with psychosocial impairment, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and underutilization of mental health services.

Journal Article Death Stud · 2024 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a robust predictor of suicide attempts. However, understanding of NSSI and associated treatment utilization among Veterans is limited. Although impairment may be assumed, few studies examine the association between NSSI an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Love Is Not All You Need: Understanding the Association Between Relationship Status and Relationship Dysfunction With Self-Directed Violence in Veterans.

Journal Article Arch Suicide Res · 2024 INTRODUCTION: Research indicates that being married is associated with reduced risk of suicide and self-directed violence (SDV) relative to being divorced. Simultaneously, difficulties within relationships predict poorer health outcomes. However, research ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of Mobile Contingency Management for Cannabis Use Reduction.

Journal Article Behav Ther · January 2024 Many interventions for cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with decreases in frequency and quantity of use but fail to increase overall rates of sustained abstinence. It is currently unknown whether reductions in use (in the absence of sustained abs ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sleep Apnea Among Gulf War Veterans: An Examination of VA Utilization Rates, Treatment Initiation, and Health Outcomes.

Journal Article Behav Sleep Med · 2024 OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among veterans is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present study sought to: 1) characterize the prevalence and rate of treatment of OSA among VA users and non-users and 2) examine the associations be ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Mobile Contingency Management Intervention for Cannabis Use Reduction

Journal Article International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · January 1, 2024 Cannabis use problems are on the rise in the USA, and there is a significant need for novel approaches to increase heavy cannabis users’ access to evidence-based treatment. The objective of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy ... Full text Cite

Deep sequential neural network models improve stratification of suicide attempt risk among US veterans.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · December 22, 2023 OBJECTIVE: To apply deep neural networks (DNNs) to longitudinal EHR data in order to predict suicide attempt risk among veterans. Local explainability techniques were used to provide explanations for each prediction with the goal of ultimately improving ou ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal Article Trauma Violence Abuse · December 2023 Military service members and veterans (SMVs) are at risk for self-directed violence, including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). While NSSI is an important construct worthy of independent study, it is understudied among SMVs and, when included in research, t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stamp Out Stigma: a national campaign to decrease stigma and increase behavioral health in fire service.

Journal Article Cogn Behav Ther · November 2023 Firefighters are at risk for behavioral health problems; however, mental health stigma is a barrier to seeking treatment. Although effective treatments exist, many firefighters report that internal stigma prohibits presentation for effective care. This stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

First Responder Attitudes Regarding Working Near a Supervised Injection Facility: Relationship to Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction.

Journal Article Workplace Health Saf · November 2023 BACKGROUND: Emergency responders are the most frequent overdose responders, however, little is known about the impact of supervised injection facility (SIF) location on first responders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether firefighter/parame ... Full text Link to item Cite

Network analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder in a treatment-seeking sample of US firefighters and emergency medical technicians.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · November 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: First responders, including firefighters and emergency medical technicians (EMTs), are under extreme stress from repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events. To optimize treatment for this population, it is critical to understand how the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal self-injury methods among U.S. Veterans: Latent class analysis and associations with psychosocial outcomes.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 2023 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a debilitating concern among U.S. veterans, with wall/object-punching commonly endorsed as an NSSI method. We examined how this behavior relates to other NSSI methods and psychosocial outcomes. We conducted a latent class ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bariatric Surgery and Suicide Risk in Patients With Obesity.

Journal Article Ann Surg · October 1, 2023 OBJECTIVE: In a large multisite cohort of Veterans who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, we compared the 5-year suicidal ideation and attempt rates with matched nonsurgical controls. BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has si ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpersonal stress and nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in veterans: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · August 2023 INTRO: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with marked functional impairment and is a robust predictor of suicide attempts. Prevalence rates of NSSI, and self-directed violence more broadly, are elevated among military veterans. Despite the inclus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of Risk for Disinhibited Behaviors in the Million Veteran Program Cohort.

Journal Article medRxiv · July 11, 2023 BACKGROUND: Many psychiatric outcomes are thought to share a common etiological pathway reflecting behavioral disinhibition, generally referred to as externalizing disorders (EXT). Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the overlap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · June 1, 2023 OBJECTIVE: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experiential Avoidance, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Moderation Analysis in a National Veteran Sample.

Journal Article Int J Cogn Ther · April 14, 2023 Experiential avoidance (EA) is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) across different populations, and extant literature has demonstrated a strong relationship between PTSD and SITBs. However ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of suicidal behaviors and genetic risk among United States veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Journal Article medRxiv · March 8, 2023 OBJECTIVE: Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar I disorder (BPI) are at high risk for self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors (SB). Characterizing associations between diagnosed mental and physical health problem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association study identifies four pan-ancestry loci for suicidal ideation in the Million Veteran Program.

Journal Article PLoS Genet · March 2023 Suicidal ideation (SI) often precedes and predicts suicide attempt and death, is the most common suicidal phenotype and is over-represented in veterans. The genetic architecture of SI in the absence of suicide attempt (SA) is unknown, yet believed to have ... Full text Link to item Cite

NSSI among military service members and veterans

Chapter · February 23, 2023 This chapter discusses nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among military service members and veterans. Though NSSI typically emerges and is most prevalent during adolescence and young adulthood, research examining NSSI in service members-who represent a younge ... Full text Cite

The Relationship of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Population-Based Sibling Comparison Study.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · February 15, 2023 BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated, but it is unclear if this is a causal relationship or confounding. We used genetic analyses and sibling comparisons to clarify the directio ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans.

Journal Article JAMA psychiatry · February 2023 ImportanceSuicide is a leading cause of death; however, the molecular genetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (SITB) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo identify novel, replicable genomic risk loci for SITB.Design, setting, and parti ... Full text Cite

Impact of traumatic life events and polygenic risk scores for major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder on Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · February 2023 Traumatic experiences and genetic heritability are among the most widely acknowledged risk factors leading to the development of psychopathology; including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Veterans Health Administration's integrated model of care increases accessibility and delivery of mental health services.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · 2023 Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two of the most common mental health conditions experienced by veterans. It is unclear what individual and system level factors are associated with receiving mental health treatment for these concerns ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabis use and suicide risk among Gulf War veterans.

Journal Article Death Stud · 2023 Cannabis use has been indicated as a risk factor for suicide in veterans. This study of Gulf War veterans tested the relationship between self-report past year cannabis use and (a) past year suicidal ideation and (b) risk for suicidal behavior. Data were f ... Full text Link to item Cite

A brief report on the temporal relations between social functioning and behavioral health among veterans.

Journal Article Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · January 2023 Using a four-wave longitudinal design, three competing hypotheses (i.e., social selection, social causation, and reciprocal causation) were tested pertaining to the relation between social functioning and several indices of behavioral health [i.e., post-tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Probable trauma associated sleep disorder in post-9/11 US Veterans.

Journal Article Sleep Adv · 2023 STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to (1) estimate trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD) prevalence among post-9/11 era veterans and to describe differences in service and comorbid mental health clinical characteristics among individuals wit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Large epigenome-wide association study identifies multiple novel differentially methylated CpG sites associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in veterans.

Journal Article Front Psychiatry · 2023 INTRODUCTION: The U.S. suicide mortality rate has steadily increased during the past two decades, particularly among military veterans; however, the epigenetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) remains largely unknown. METHODS: To address this ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Using iterative random forest to find geospatial environmental and Sociodemographic predictors of suicide attempts.

Journal Article Front Psychiatry · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Despite a recent global decrease in suicide rates, death by suicide has increased in the United States. It is therefore imperative to identify the risk factors associated with suicide attempts to combat this growing epidemic. In this study, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Traditional Masculine Gender Role Norms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Men Masc · December 8, 2022 Reducing Veteran rates of suicide has long remained a top priority for the Veterans Health Administration, and as such, identifying correlates of suicidal behaviors is important to develop targeted interventions. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been ide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychological trauma and the genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder

Journal Article Psychological Medicine · December 4, 2022 Background. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly reported co-occurring mental health consequences of psychological trauma exposure. The disorders have high genetic overlap. Trauma is a complex phenotype but ... Full text Cite

Complementary/integrative healthcare utilization in US Gulf-War era veterans: Descriptive analyses based on deployment history, combat exposure, and Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article Complement Ther Clin Pract · November 2022 Complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches have gained empirical support and are increasingly being utilized among veterans to treat a myriad of conditions. A cluster of medically unexplained chronic symptoms including fatigue, headaches, joint ... Full text Link to item Cite

An examination of the association between altitude and suicide deaths, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation among veterans at both the patient and geospatial level.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · September 2022 Suicide is a major public health problem affecting US Veterans and the US in general. Many variables (e.g., demographic, clinical, biological, geographic) have been associated with risk for suicide and suicidal behavior, including altitude; however, the ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal self-injury in veterans: Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and gender differences from a national cohort.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 2022 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a robust predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors; however, while there are typically only small differences observed in the prevalence of NSSI between men and women, this condition has been largely overlooked and unde ... Full text Link to item Cite

Career versus volunteer firefighters: Differences in perceived availability and barriers to behavioral health care.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · August 2022 Due to occupational stress and exposure to potentially traumatic events, firefighters are at an increased risk for the development of many behavioral health conditions. While volunteer and career firefighters represent two distinct subgroups, little resear ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Screen for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Development and initial validation among veterans with psychiatric disorders.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · August 2022 INTRODUCTION: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with significant impairment and is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide; however, the present lack of a brief screening instrument for NSSI coupled with consisten ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates and clinical associations of military sexual assault in Gulf War era U.S. veterans: Findings from a national sample.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · August 2022 Military sexual assault (MSA) is a prevalent issue among military personnel that can have direct implications on postmilitary mental health. Gulf War era U.S. veterans represent the first cohort in which women veterans were integrated into most aspects of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nonsuicidal self-injury among veterans with complex psychiatric presentations.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · August 2022 Prior research suggests a possible association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in veterans. However, this association has not yet been replicated. The present study sought to replicate and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparing psychosocial functioning, suicide risk, and nonsuicidal self-injury between veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · July 1, 2022 BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are each common among Unites States (U.S.) military veterans and frequently co-occur (i.e., PTSD+AUD). Although comorbid PTSD+AUD is generally associated with worse outcomes re ... Full text Link to item Cite

A case for developing domain-specific vocabularies for extracting suicide factors from healthcare notes.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · July 2022 The onset and persistence of life events (LE) such as housing instability, job instability, and reduced social connection have been shown to increase risk of suicide. Predictive models for suicide risk have low sensitivity to many of these factors due to u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Continuous-time probabilistic models for longitudinal electronic health records.

Journal Article J Biomed Inform · June 2022 Analysis of longitudinal Electronic Health Record (EHR) data is an important goal for precision medicine. Difficulty in applying Machine Learning (ML) methods, either predictive or unsupervised, stems in part from the heterogeneity and irregular sampling o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use and alcohol use disorder differ in their genetic relationships with PTSD: A genomic structural equation modelling approach.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · May 1, 2022 PURPOSE: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD), which are all moderately heritable. Studies suggest the genetic association between PTSD and alcohol use differs from that of PTSD and AU ... Full text Link to item Cite

Affective states and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): Results from an ecological momentary assessment study of veterans with NSSI disorder.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · April 2022 BACKGROUND: The affective states most strongly associated with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) remain poorly understood, particularly among veterans. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine relationships between affect ratings and N ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhancing Discovery of Genetic Variants for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Integration of Quantitative Phenotypes and Trauma Exposure Information.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 1, 2022 BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is heritable and a potential consequence of exposure to traumatic stress. Evidence suggests that a quantitative approach to PTSD phenotype measurement and incorporation of lifetime trauma exposure (LTE) info ... Full text Link to item Cite

Qualitative analysis of participant experiences during an ecological momentary assessment study of nonsuicidal self-injury among veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · April 2022 Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a useful tool to investigate antecedents and consequences of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), a robust predictor of Veteran suicide risk. Despite elucidating temporal changes among dynamic variables, EMA remains unde ... Full text Link to item Cite

A genome-wide association study of suicide attempts in the million veterans program identifies evidence of pan-ancestry and ancestry-specific risk loci.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · April 2022 To identify pan-ancestry and ancestry-specific loci associated with attempting suicide among veterans, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of suicide attempts within a large, multi-ancestry cohort of U.S. veterans enrolled in the Million Ve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anger, impulsivity and wall/object punching in a sample of U.S. veterans with psychiatric disorders.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · March 2022 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicide attempts. Wall/object punching is a particularly prevalent form of NSSI among male veterans that has been linked to both impulsivity and anger. The objective o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder modulate polygenic predictors of hippocampal and amygdala volume.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · December 16, 2021 The volume of subcortical structures represents a reliable, quantitative, and objective phenotype that captures genetic effects, environmental effects such as trauma, and disease effects such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma and PTSD represe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Warzone experiences and subsequent clinician suicide risk assessment in veterans

Journal Article Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · December 1, 2021 Objective: To determine in veterans whether severity of combat exposure was predictive of subsequently receiving a suicide risk assessment (SRA), and whether this relationship was meditated by depression symptomatology. Method: We conducted an electronic m ... Full text Cite

Psychological outcomes following sexual assault: Differences by sexual assault setting.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · November 2021 Sexual assault is associated with increased psychological distress. It is possible that military sexual assault (MSA) is associated with heightened psychological distress compared to adult sexual assault that occurs pre- or postmilitary service due to the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical effectiveness study of a treatment to prepare for trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapies at a veterans affairs specialty posttraumatic stress disorder clinic.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · November 2021 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinics in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) often provide psychoeducational or skill-building groups to prepare veterans for trauma-focused PTSD treatments. However, there has been limited evaluation of the effec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dynamics of risk: Recent changes in psychological inflexibility precede subsequent changes in returning US veterans' posttraumatic stress.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · November 2021 OBJECTIVES: As a malleable risk-factor, psychological inflexibility is implicated in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS). Unfortunately, limited research has addressed whether changes in psychological inflexibility are an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Child maltreatment and suicidal ideation: The role of PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse

Journal Article Current Psychology · October 1, 2021 Child maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for suicide attempts, but research on mechanisms accounting for this relationship is needed. The current study examined the indirect effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol m ... Full text Cite

Experiential avoidance is associated with medical and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · October 2021 A substantial minority of deployed Gulf War veterans developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and several chronic illnesses. Although military combat and exposure to certain nuclear, biological, and chemical agents (NBCs) increase risk f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and validation of the Durham Risk Score for estimating suicide attempt risk: A prospective cohort analysis.

Journal Article PLoS Med · August 2021 BACKGROUND: Worldwide, nearly 800,000 individuals die by suicide each year; however, longitudinal prediction of suicide attempts remains a major challenge within the field of psychiatry. The objective of the present research was to develop and evaluate an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A network analysis of risk factors for suicide in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · June 2021 Suicidal ideation (SI) is a prevalent issue in the veteran population. A number of factors have been identified as risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) in veterans, including suicide attempts, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and drug u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabis use disorder, anger, and violence in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · June 2021 An association has been found between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and violence in several clinical populations, including veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there is evidence that CUD has been increasing among veterans since September ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Lifetime History of Suicide Attempts among Male and Female Veterans with Mental Health Disorders.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · May 15, 2021 BACKGROUND: Expanding on research that has identified nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a strong predictor of suicide risk, the present study examined NSSI disorder (NSSID) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) as unique contributors to lifetime suicid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring the role of anger in nonsuicidal self-injury in veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · May 2021 Up to 14% of veterans engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in their lifetime and this behavior is a relatively strong predictor of suicidal behavior compared to other identified risk factors. Further, NSSI is a clinically relevant behavior in its own r ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Effects of Functionally Guided, Connectivity-Based rTMS on Amygdala Activation.

Journal Article Brain Sci · April 13, 2021 While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely used to treat psychiatric disorders, innovations are needed to improve its efficacy. An important limitation is that while psychiatric disorders are associated with fronto-limbic dysregula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychological distress and line-of-duty head injuries in firefighters.

Journal Article Occup Med (Lond) · April 9, 2021 BACKGROUND: Head injuries are common injury in the fire service; however, very little data exist on the risks this may pose to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in this high-risk population. AIMS: Our study aimed to co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Negative Emotionality Interacts with Trauma Exposure to Prospectively Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Firefighters' First 3 Years of Service.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · April 2021 Firefighters (FFs) protect the public despite significant risks to their health and well-being stemming from frequent trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. A minority of FFs develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related mental health ... Full text Link to item Cite

Working near a supervised injection facility: A qualitative study of perspectives of firefighter-emergency medical responders.

Journal Article Am J Ind Med · April 2021 BACKGROUND: While firefighter-emergency medical responders (FF-EMR) are important stakeholders in cities considering the implementation of a supervised injection facility (SIF), there is little information on perspectives of first responders who serve thes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Associated With Police Contact in Veterans With PTSD

Journal Article Traumatology · March 18, 2021 A small number of veterans commit crimes and become involved in the criminal justice system. Emerging literature identifying empirically supported risk factors suggests that both general (i.e., sociodemographic and mental health) and veteran-specific (e.g. ... Full text Cite

Anger precedes and predicts nonsuicidal self-injury in veterans: Findings from an ecological momentary assessment study.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · March 2021 Veterans have high rates of suicide, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the strongest predictors of suicide risk; however, there is presently little known about antecedents of NSSI that might inform intervention efforts. Accumulating research sug ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms on educational functioning in student veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · February 2021 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs at high rates among student veterans and is known to negatively impact educational functioning; however, the unique effects of PTSD are less clear, given that PTSD is highly comorbid with many other conditions th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic Correlates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder among Veterans with Psychiatric Disorders.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · February 2021 With its recent inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSID) has received limited research attention, especially in samples of military veterans. The present study sought to identify diagnostic predictors of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Screening for moral injury and comparatively evaluating moral injury measures in relation to mental illness symptomatology and diagnosis.

Journal Article Clin Psychol Psychother · January 2021 Moral injury merits further study to clarify its identification, prevalence, assessment and intersection with psychosocial and psychiatric problems. The present study investigated the screening potential of the Brief Moral Injury Screen (BMIS) in a sample ... Full text Link to item Cite

A prospective study of firefighters' PTSD and depression symptoms: The first 3 years of service.

Journal Article Psychol Trauma · January 2021 Objective: Firefighters are an important sample of convenience to study traumatic exposure and symptom development. This study assessed trauma exposure inside and outside of fire service, diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated disord ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examining Individual and Synergistic Contributions of PTSD and Genetics to Blood Pressure: A Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis.

Journal Article Front Neurosci · 2021 Growing research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be a risk factor for poor cardiovascular health, and yet our understanding of who might be at greatest risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes after trauma is limited. In this study, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene Expression Analysis in Three Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Cohorts Implicates Inflammation and Innate Immunity Pathways and Uncovers Shared Genetic Risk With Major Depressive Disorder.

Journal Article Front Neurosci · 2021 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that can develop following exposure to traumatic events. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group (PGC-PTSD) has collected over 20,000 multi-ethnic PTSD cases and controls and has ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Nail-biting, scab-picking, and tattooing as nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A deviant case series analysis of the proposed NSSI disorder diagnostic criteria.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · December 2020 OBJECTIVE: This study explored the boundaries of the proposed diagnostic criteria for nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSID) as outlined in the Conditions for Further Study section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition. We sought to fal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Post-traumatic symptom severity mediates the association between combat exposure and suicidal ideation in veterans.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · December 2020 OBJECTIVE: Previous studies of military veterans have produced mixed findings regarding whether combat exposure is directly related to suicidal ideation or is indirectly related to suicidal ideation via its influence on other factors. The present study use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD across 10 military and civilian cohorts identifies methylation changes in AHRR.

Journal Article Nat Commun · November 24, 2020 Epigenetic differences may help to distinguish between PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Here, we describe the results of the largest DNA methylation meta-analysis of PTSD to date. Ten cohorts, military and civilian, contribute blood-derived DNA meth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identifying Frequency of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Firefighters.

Journal Article Workplace Health Saf · October 2020 Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a nationwide problem; yet, no firefighter mTBI data are available. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed retrospective head injuries using WHO guidelines. We captured mTBI frequency and examin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of mental health outcomes in veterans and servicemembers: A scoping review.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · October 2020 This PRISMA scoping review explores existing research conducted with United States military samples utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate mental health outcomes. EMA facilitates understanding of temporal changes of dynamic variables s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic predictors of hippocampal subfield volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls.

Journal Article Eur J Psychotraumatol · July 29, 2020 Behavioural, structural, and functional neuroimaging have implicated the hippocampus as a critical brain region in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathogenesis. Recent work in a normative, primarily European, sample identified 15 unique genetic loci c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neural correlates of conceptual-level fear generalization in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · July 2020 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop when mechanisms for making accurate distinctions about threat relevance have gone awry. Generalization across conceptually related objects has been hypothesized based on clinical observation in PTSD, but the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self- and Other-Directed Violence as Outcomes of Deployment-Based Military Sexual Assault in Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veteran Men and Women.

Journal Article J Aggress Maltreat Trauma · April 10, 2020 Although military sexual assault (MSA) has been well-established as a risk factor for psychopathology (e.g., PTSD, depression), little research has examined the association between MSA and self- and other-directed violence. Furthermore, there has been a gr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deployment preparation, family functioning, and PTSD in returning veterans

Journal Article Military Behavioral Health · April 2, 2020 Returning veterans are at elevated risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychological disorder that is associated with poor family functioning and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Evidence suggests that better training an ... Full text Cite

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex.

Journal Article Science · March 20, 2020 The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide associati ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

An epigenome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans implicates several new DNA methylation loci.

Journal Article Clin Epigenetics · March 14, 2020 BACKGROUND: Previous studies using candidate gene and genome-wide approaches have identified epigenetic changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: In this study, we performed an EWAS of PTSD in a cohort ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Amygdala Nuclei Volume and Shape in Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging · March 2020 BACKGROUND: The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sexual orientation, attraction and risk for deliberate self-harm: Findings from a nationally representative sample.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · February 10, 2020 To date, there has been limited investigation identifying predictors of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among sexual minority adults. The present study examined the likelihood of DSH by sexual minority status as measured by self-reported sexual identity and sex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Threat-induced anxiety during goal pursuit disrupts amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · February 10, 2020 To investigate how unpredictable threat during goal pursuit impacts fronto-limbic activity and functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared military veterans with PTSD (n = 25) vs. trauma-exposed control (n = 25). Participan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobiology and neuromodulation of emotion in PTSD

Chapter · February 3, 2020 PTSD is a chronic, highly debilitating condition that can develop following exposure to traumatic events. Unfortunately, less than 20%-30% of patients with PTSD achieve full remission following pharmacological treatment. As such, there is a need for novel, ... Full text Cite

Emotion in posttraumatic stress disorder: Etiology, assessment, neurobiology, and treatment

Book · February 3, 2020 Emotion in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder provides an up-to-date review of the empirical research on the relevance of emotions, such as fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, and disgust to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also covers emerging research on the ... Full text Cite

Combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and head injuries differentially relate to alterations in cortical thickness in military Veterans.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · February 2020 Combat-exposed Veterans are at increased risk for developing psychological distress, mood disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders. Trauma and mood disorders have been linked to alterations in brain volume, function, and connectivity. However, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychosocial protective factors and suicidal ideation: Results from a national longitudinal study of veterans.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · January 1, 2020 BACKGROUND: This study investigates the empirical association between psychosocial protective factors and subsequent suicidal ideation in veterans. METHODS: We conducted a national longitudinal survey in which participants were randomly drawn from over one ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dispositional Self-Forgiveness in Firefighters Predicts Less Help-Seeking Stigma and Fewer Mental Health Challenges

Journal Article Stigma and Health · January 1, 2020 Firefighters face increased rates of mental health disorders secondary to traumatic exposure yet consistently report that stigma interferes with help-seeking. We examined whether firefighters who are by disposition more self-forgiving would exhibit less st ... Full text Cite

Alcohol use and mental health symptoms in female firefighter recruits.

Journal Article Occup Med (Lond) · December 31, 2019 BACKGROUND: Limited research suggests that female firefighters report problem drinking at higher rates than the general population. AIMS: To identify longitudinal drinking patterns in female firefighters, make comparisons to male firefighters and examine p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resilience facilitates adjustment through greater psychological flexibility among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · November 2019 OBJECTIVES: Although many Iraq/Afghanistan warzone veterans report few problems with adjustment, a substantial proportion report debilitating mental health symptoms and functional impairment, suggesting the influence of personal factors that may promote ad ... Full text Link to item Cite

International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.

Journal Article Nat Commun · October 8, 2019 The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

An examination of the interactive effects of different types of childhood abuse and perceived social support on suicidal ideation

Journal Article Children's Health Care · October 2, 2019 No study has examined the interaction between child abuse type and social support in relation to adulthood suicidal ideation. In the present study, 141 female survivors of child sexual abuse or physical abuse completed an online survey of childhood abuse, ... Full text Cite

Development and Evaluation of the ADHD Cognitions Scale for Adults.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · August 2019 Objective: The clinical literature on ADHD in adults suggests that "overly positive" or optimistic cognitions may contribute to impairment and failure to use self-regulation skills in this population, yet the research literature on this topic is limited. W ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factor Structure and Initial Validation of a Brief Measure of Perceived Emotional and Physical Distress Tolerance in Post-9/11 US Veterans.

Journal Article Mil Psychol · July 17, 2019 Distress tolerance (i.e., perceived or actual capacity to tolerate aversive internal states) has received considerable research attention as a transdiagnostic risk-factor underlying the development and maintenance of psychopathology. Lower levels of emotio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pain Intensity and Pain Interference in Male and Female Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veterans.

Journal Article Womens Health Issues · June 25, 2019 BACKGROUND: Chronic pain conditions are common among both male and female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and can have substantial negative impacts on quality of life and function. Although in general women tend to report higher levels of pain intensity than ... Full text Link to item Cite

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Depression to Reduce Suicidal Ideation among Male and Female Veterans.

Journal Article Womens Health Issues · June 25, 2019 BACKGROUND: Although most suicide-related deaths occur among male veterans, women veterans are dying by suicide in increasing numbers. Identifying and increasing access to effective treatments is imperative for Department of Veterans Affairs suicide preven ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Post-9/11 Veterans with Blast- and Non-Blast Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal Article J Neurotrauma · May 15, 2019 The relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been difficult to disentangle, in part due to the commonality of incidents that can cause both conditions, as well as high rates of comorbidity between the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Economic Status and Educational Attainment With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · May 3, 2019 IMPORTANCE: There is a well-established negative association of educational attainment (EA) and other traits related to cognitive ability with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral health programs in fire service: Surveying access and preferences.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · May 2019 Due to the stressful nature of the job, firefighters are likely to be at increased risk for behavioral health problems. This study examined the access, attitudes, and preferences of a large sample of professional firefighters (N = 2,156) toward behavioral ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychological inflexibility predicts PTSD symptom severity in war veterans after accounting for established PTSD risk factors and personality.

Journal Article Psychol Trauma · May 2019 OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: Numerous risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been identified; however, many do not inform treatment. Psychological inflexibility is a modifiable factor that can be targeted in psychological treatment. This study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between traumatic brain injury history and recent suicidal ideation in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · May 2019 This study evaluated whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was associated with increased risk for recent suicidal ideation (SI) after accounting for demographics, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep quality. In terms of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal associations in the direction and prediction of PTSD symptoms and romantic relationship impairment over one year in post 9/11 veterans: A comparison of theories and exploration of potential gender differences.

Journal Article J Abnorm Psychol · April 2019 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among combat veterans and is associated with intimate relationship difficulties. Few studies have examined the prospective longitudinal course of associations between PTSD and relationship difficulties and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain Injury: Sex differences in veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · April 2019 Around half of Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research on the differences between male and female veterans with co-occurring PTSD/TBI is sparse. This study evaluat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cigarette smoking rates among veterans: Association with rurality and psychiatric disorders.

Journal Article Addict Behav · March 2019 AIMS: Compared to the general U.S. population, military veterans and those living in rural areas disproportionately smoke cigarettes at higher rates, leading to increased health consequences. In the current study, prevalence and severity of cigarette smoki ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experiential avoidance as a mediator of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and social support: A longitudinal analysis.

Journal Article Psychol Trauma · March 2019 OBJECTIVE: Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience difficulties with social reintegration after deployment. Experiential avoidance, the tendency to avoid unwanted thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations (including in response ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of recovery from post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans: The contributions of psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion.

Journal Article Behav Res Ther · March 2019 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major challenge among war veterans. This study assessed the contribution of several interrelated, modifiable psychosocial factors to changes in PTSD symptom severity among combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans. Data w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of lower-than-expected posttraumatic symptom severity in war veterans: The influence of personality, self-reported trait resilience, and psychological flexibility.

Journal Article Behav Res Ther · February 2019 Resilience following traumatic events has been studied using numerous methodologies. One approach involves quantifying lower-than-expected levels of a negative outcome following trauma exposure. Resilience research has examined personality and coping-relat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Borderline Personality Features as Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation Among Male Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · February 2019 U.S. veterans are at increased risk for suicide compared to their civilian counterparts and account for approximately 20% of all deaths by suicide. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality features (BPF) have each been associated wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shame as a mediator between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among veterans.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · January 15, 2019 BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation is a problem that disproportionately affects veterans. Moreover, veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appear to be at particularly high risk for suicide. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present research was to exam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Roles of Guilt Cognitions in Trauma-Related Sleep Disturbance in Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Behav Sleep Med · 2019 Objective/Background: Despite a well-established role of guilt cognitions in the maintenance and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relationships of guilt cognitions to nightmares are not well understood. This study investigated the ways in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabis Use Disorder and Post-Deployment Suicide Attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans.

Journal Article Arch Suicide Res · 2019 The objective of the present study was to use retrospective data to test the hypothesis that cannabis dependence would be associated with an increased rate of post-deployment suicide attempts. Participants included 319 veterans who had deployed to either I ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association of resilience on psychiatric, substance use, and physical health outcomes in combat trauma-exposed military service members and veterans.

Journal Article Eur J Psychotraumatol · 2019 Objective: Although Combat exposure is associated with a range of psychiatric outcomes, many veterans do not develop psychopathology. Resilience is a multifaceted construct associated with reduced risk of distress and psychopathology; however, few studies ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 to assess disability in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 The introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was accompanied by the elimination of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, which was previously used to assess functioning. Although the World Health Organiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychological Inflexibility Predicts of Suicidal Ideation Over Time in Veterans of the Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · December 2018 Psychological inflexibility, or how individuals respond to distressing internal experiences, may be a modifiable risk factor for suicide in veterans. It was hypothesized that psychological inflexibility would predict suicidal ideation after accounting for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral and Health Outcomes Associated With Deployment and Nondeployment Acquisition of Traumatic Brain Injury in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans.

Journal Article Arch Phys Med Rehabil · December 2018 OBJECTIVE: To characterize behavioral and health outcomes in veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) acquired in nondeployment and deployment settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional assessment evaluating TBI acquired during and outside of deployment, mental a ... Full text Link to item Cite

A genome-wide association study of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 2018 Death by suicide and suicidal behavior are major concerns among U.S. military veterans; however, no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies of suicidal behavior have been conducted among U.S. military veterans to date, despite the elevated rate of s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Wall/Object Punching: An Important but Under-Recognized Form of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · October 2018 Featured Publication The present research investigated wall/object punching as a form of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among 1,143 veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Wall/object punching was remarkably common in this sample (43%), and its inc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorders in Veterans: Pilot Treatment Outcomes.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · October 2018 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur and are associated with worse outcomes together than either disorder alone. A lack of consensus regarding recommendations for treating PTSD-AUD exists, and treatment dr ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Cross-Lagged Panel Approach to Understanding Social Support and Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Veterans: Assessment Modality Matters.

Journal Article Behav Ther · September 2018 Although there is a strong and consistent association between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the directionality of this association has been debated, with some research indicating that social support protects against PTSD symptoms ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychosocial Risk Factors and Other Than Honorable Military Discharge: Providing Healthcare to Previously Ineligible Veterans.

Journal Article Mil Med · September 1, 2018 INTRODUCTION: In response to a strong focus on suicide prevention for all veterans, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recently revised policy to provide emergency mental healthcare for veterans who received Other Than Honorable (OTH) discharges from ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Association Between Military Sexual Trauma and Use of VA and Non-VA Health Care Services Among Female Veterans With Military Service in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Journal Article J Interpers Violence · August 2018 Military sexual trauma (MST) has been linked with increased rates of mental health disorders among veterans. Few studies have addressed how MST is related to use of VA and non-VA health care. The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the associat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examination of the indirect effects of combat exposure on suicidal behavior in veterans.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · August 1, 2018 BACKGROUND: Researchers have theorized that increased rates of suicide in the military are associated with combat exposure; however, this hypothesis has received inconsistent support in the literature, potentially because combat exposure may be indirectly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic Pain, TBI, and PTSD in Military Veterans: A Link to Suicidal Ideation and Violent Impulses?

Journal Article J Pain · July 2018 UNLABELLED: The polytrauma clinical triad refers to the co-occurrence of chronic pain, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite research implicating dyadic relationships between these conditions and adverse outcomes, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The influence of mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic stress disorder on disability and quality of life over time in war veterans.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · July 2018 OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) strongly predicts greater disability and lower quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness-based and other third-wave behavior therapy interventions improve well-being by enhancing mindfulness, self-compassion, and p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Informing Federal Policy on Firearm Restrictions for Veterans with Fiduciaries: Risk Indicators in the Post-Deployment Mental Health Study.

Journal Article Adm Policy Ment Health · July 2018 This article examines the public safety rationale for a federal policy of prohibiting gun sales to veterans with psychiatric disabilities who are assigned a fiduciary to manage their benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs. The policy was evaluate ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder, and Psychiatric Distress Among Male and Female Veterans.

Journal Article J Stud Alcohol Drugs · July 2018 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine among veterans (a) whether alcohol consumption patterns are associated with probability of psychiatric symptoms and (b) whether an alcohol use disorder (AUD) history explains psychiatric symptoms among nondrinkers. ME ... Full text Link to item Cite

Traumatic stress and accelerated DNA methylation age: A meta-analysis.

Journal Article Psychoneuroendocrinology · June 2018 BACKGROUND: Recent studies examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and accelerated aging, as defined by DNA methylation-based estimates of cellular age that exceed chronological age, have yielded mixed results. METHODS: We co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gender differences in associations between DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters and functional impairment in war veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · May 2018 Understanding the links between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and functional impairment is essential for assisting veterans in transitioning to civilian life. Moreover, there may be differences between men and women in the relationships bet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tobacco and alcohol use among firefighters during their first 3 years of service.

Journal Article Psychol Addict Behav · May 2018 Firefighters constitute an understudied occupational group that are exposed to a great deal of occupational stress including potentially traumatic stress. As such, higher prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Impact of Cannabis Use Disorder on Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans with and without Mental Health Disorders.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · April 2018 The objective of this study was to assess the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and self-injury among veterans. As expected, after adjusting for sex, age, sexual orientation, combat exposure, traumatic life events, traumatic brain injury, pos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Assess · April 2018 Suicide and violence are significant problems in a subset of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. This study investigates how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience in veterans are associated with suicidal ideation and violent impulses while control ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deployment characteristics and long-term PTSD symptoms.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · April 2018 OBJECTIVE: The impact of number, length, and time between (i.e., "dwell time") deployments on long-term Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was examined in post-9/11 U.S. vetera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mobile contingency management as an adjunctive treatment for co-morbid cannabis use disorder and cigarette smoking.

Journal Article Addict Behav · April 2018 INTRODUCTION: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the U.S. with 19.8 million current users. Population-based data indicate that almost all cannabis users (90%) have a lifetime history of tobacco smoking and the majority (74%) currently smoke t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · March 2018 The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder group (PGC-PTSD) combined genome-wide case-control molecular genetic data across 11 multiethnic studies to quantify PTSD heritability, to examine potential shared genetic risk with schizophr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association of posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury with aggressive driving in Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · February 2018 PURPOSE: Aggressive driving contributes to the high rates of postdeployment motor vehicle-related injury and death observed among veterans, and veterans cite problems with anger, aggressive driving, and road rage as being among their most pressing driving- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain Structural Covariance Network Topology in Remitted Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Front Psychiatry · 2018 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic disorder with high psychiatric morbidity; however, a substantial portion of affected individuals experience remission after onset. Alterations in brain network topology derived from cortical thic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contingency Management Versus Psychotherapy for Prenatal Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal Article Womens Health Issues · 2018 OBJECTIVES: Prenatal smoking is the leading preventable cause of poor obstetric outcomes, yet treatment options are limited. Past reviews of prenatal smoking cessation have often grouped all counseling into a single category, which ignores the fact that ps ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does Deployment-Related Military Sexual Assault Interact with Combat Exposure to Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Veterans?

Journal Article Traumatology (Tallahass Fla) · 2018 The objective of the present research was to expand upon previous findings indicating that military sexual trauma interacts with combat exposure to predict PTSD among female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Three hundred and thirty female veterans completed ... Link to item Cite

Mechanisms of Moral Injury Following Military Sexual Trauma and Combat in Post-9/11 U.S. War Veterans.

Journal Article Front Psychiatry · 2018 Objective: Moral injury may result from perpetration-based and betrayal-based acts that violate deeply held norms; however, researchers and clinicians have little guidance about the moral injury syndrome's specific developmental pathways following morally ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring resilience models in a sample of combat-exposed military service members and veterans: a comparison and commentary.

Journal Article Eur J Psychotraumatol · 2018 Background: The term resilience is applied in numerous ways in the mental health field, leading to different perspectives of what constitutes a resilient response and disparate findings regarding its prevalence following trauma. Objective: illustrate the i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomewide association studies of suicide attempts in US soldiers.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet · December 2017 Featured Publication Suicide is a global public health problem with particular resonance for the US military. Genetic risk factors for suicidality are of interest as indicators of susceptibility and potential targets for intervention. We utilized population-based nonclinical c ... Full text Link to item Cite

A putative causal relationship between genetically determined female body shape and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Genome Med · November 27, 2017 BACKGROUND: The nature and underlying mechanisms of the observed increased vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women are unclear. METHODS: We investigated the genetic overlap of PTSD with anthropometric traits and reproductive behavior ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sleep quality in returning veterans: The influence of mild traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · November 2017 OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbance is a key behavioral health concern among Iraq and Afghanistan era veterans and is a frequent complaint among veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Currently, it is unclear whether sleep disturbance is a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors of impulsivity and cluster B personality dimensions

Journal Article Journal of Individual Differences · November 1, 2017 The goal of the present investigation was to expand the literature on impulsivity and Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) by conceptualizing impulsivity in a multidimensional manner. Two separate undergraduate samples (n = 223; n = 204) completed measure ... Full text Cite

Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · September 2017 OBJECTIVE: We examined the degree to which a resilient personality prototype predicted adjustment among war Veterans with and without a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while covarying the level of combat exposure. METHOD: A total of 127 war Veterans (107 men, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self-Reported Pain in Male and Female Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans: Associations with Psychiatric Symptoms and Functioning.

Journal Article Pain Med · September 1, 2017 OBJECTIVE: To examine pain symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric and functional indices in male and female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. DESIGN: Self-reported data collection and interviews of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans who participated in a multisite ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epigenome-wide association of PTSD from heterogeneous cohorts with a common multi-site analysis pipeline.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet · September 2017 Compelling evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play a role in stress regulation and in the etiologic basis of stress related disorders such as Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Here we describe the purpose and methods ... Full text Link to item Cite

Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep Quality, and Suicidal Ideation in Iraq/Afghanistan Era Veterans.

Journal Article J Nerv Ment Dis · July 2017 The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that sleep quality mediates the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) history and current suicidal ideation. Measures of TBI history, sleep quality, and suicidal ideation were administered t ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Emotion-Driven Impulse Control Difficulties in the Relation Between Social Anxiety and Aggression.

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · June 2017 OBJECTIVES: To enhance our understanding of the factors that may account for increased aggression in socially anxious individuals, this study examined associations among emotion-driven impulse control difficulties, social anxiety, and dimensions of aggress ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · June 2017 The objective of the present research was to examine the association between lifetime cannabis use disorder (CUD), current suicidal ideation, and lifetime history of suicide attempts in a large and diverse sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans (N = 3233) ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD and nonsuicidal self-injury in male veterans with and without PTSD.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · June 2017 The objective of the present research was to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in male Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans with and without PTSD. Approximately 25% of veterans screened positive for clinically-signif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trauma and Autonomic Dysregulation: Episodic-Versus Systemic-Negative Affect Underlying Cardiovascular Risk in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · June 2017 OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to elevated heart rate (HR) and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in cross-sectional research. Recent evidence suggests that this link may be driven by individual differences in autonomic a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Theory-driven models of self-directed violence among individuals with PTSD.

Journal Article Curr Opin Psychol · April 2017 PTSD is a well-established risk factor for the full range of self-directed violence (SDV). It is also one of the few psychological conditions that distinguish those who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide. Despite considerable evidence suppo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Further evidence for a role of the ADRB2 gene in risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · January 2017 The aim of the present study was to attempt to replicate the recently reported finding associating rs2400707 of the Adrenoceptor Beta 2, Surface (ADRB2) gene and childhood trauma on PTSD symptoms. Participants included a predominantly veteran cohort of non ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal self-injury and interpersonal violence in U.S. veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · January 2017 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been defined as deliberately damaging one's body tissue without conscious suicidal intent. NSSI is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation and attempts in adults. While NSSI has been associated with other-directed violenc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in psychiatric symptoms and barriers to mental health care between volunteer and career firefighters.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · January 2017 Firefighters are at increased risk for mental health problems. However, little is known about differences in psychiatric symptoms between volunteer and career firefighters. This study aimed to (1) describe differences in psychiatric symptoms and barriers t ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Association Between Toxic Exposures and Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Veterans of the Wars of Iraq and Afghanistan.

Journal Article J Occup Environ Med · January 2017 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if post-9/11 veterans deployed to the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts experienced toxic exposures and whether they are related to symptoms of chronic multisymptom illness (CMI). METHODS: Data from 224 po ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sociocultural discourse in science: Flawed assumptions and bias in the CLASH model.

Journal Article Behav Brain Sci · January 2017 In this commentary, we contest Van Lange and colleagues' central claim that "countries closer to the equator are generally more violent." We point to the lack of credible empirical evidence for this assertion and suggest that the CLASH model uses the langu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trauma and Autonomic Dysregulation: Episodic - Versus Systemic - Negative Affect Underlying Cardiovascular Risk in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Psychosom Med · December 9, 2016 OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to elevated heart rate (HR) and reduced heart-rate variability (HRV) in cross-sectional research. Recent evidence suggests that this link may be driven by individual differences in autonomic a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is Cumulative Exposure to Suicide Attempts and Deaths a Risk Factor for Suicidal Behavior Among Firefighters? A Preliminary Study.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · December 2016 The association between cumulative exposure to suicide attempts and deaths and suicidal behavior was examined in a sample of 61 professional firefighters. On average, firefighters reported 13.1 (SD = 16.6) exposures over the course of their lifetime. Cumul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does body mass index moderate the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation in Iraq/Afghanistan veterans?

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · October 30, 2016 Suicide, PTSD, and obesity co-occur at high rates among returning veterans, yet limited research exists regarding the relationship among these variables. Self-report and diagnostic interview data from a longitudinal study of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

A 12-Month prospective study of the effects of PTSD-depression comorbidity on suicidal behavior in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 30, 2016 The present study used validated clinical interviews to assess the effect of comorbid PTSD-depression on suicidal behavior over the course of 12 months in 309 Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Logistic regression models demonstrated that comorbid PTSD-depress ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 30, 2016 The present study examined the association between history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and history of suicide attempts (SA) among 292 Iraq/Afghanistan veterans, half of whom carried a lifetime diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Consis ... Full text Link to item Cite

The structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans.

Journal Article Anxiety Stress Coping · September 2016 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present research examined the underlying factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as conceptualized in the recently published fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Supplemental nicotine preloading for smoking cessation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Addict Behav · August 2016 BACKGROUND: Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely to smoke and more likely to relapse following a quit attempt than individuals without PTSD. Thus, there is a significant need to study promising interventions that might impr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reinforcement Sensitivity and Social Anxiety in Combat Veterans.

Journal Article Pers Individ Dif · August 2016 OBJECTIVE: The present study tested the hypothesis that low behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity is associated with social anxiety in combat veterans. METHOD: Self-report measures of reinforcement sensitivity, combat exposure, social interaction an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological functioning, coping, and quality of life among returning war veterans.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · August 2016 PURPOSE: The present research tested the hypothesis that action- and emotion-focused coping strategies would mediate the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and quality of life among a sample of returning Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. METHOD: ... Full text Link to item Cite

The prevalence of binge drinking and receipt of provider drinking advice among US veterans with military service in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Journal Article Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · May 2016 BACKGROUND: Binge drinking is a significant public health concern linked to a number of health and psychosocial problems. Military service in Afghanistan (OEF) and Iraq (OIF) has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and increased hazar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Project reach out: A Training Program to Increase Behavioral Health Utilization among Professional Firefighters

Journal Article International Journal of Stress Management · February 1, 2016 The current study examined the efficacy of a newly developed training program to help firefighters identify fellow firefighters in distress and connect them with behavioral health care. This training program-known as Reach Out-incorporates elements of Moti ... Full text Cite

In the wake of suicide: Developing guidelines for suicide postvention in fire service.

Journal Article Death Stud · 2016 This project aimed to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for suicide postvention in Fire Service. First, an existing SOP was refined through expert review. Next, focus groups were conducted with fire departments lacking a peer suicide postvention ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting Suicide Risk in Trauma Exposed Veterans: The Role of Health Promoting Behaviors.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2016 INTRODUCTION: Returning veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan experience high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideation is among the strongest risk factors for completed suicide. Some research suggests a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional correlates of military sexual assault in male veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Serv · November 2015 Despite research findings that similar numbers of male and female veterans are affected by military sexual trauma (MST), there has been considerably less research on the effects of MST specific to male veterans. The aim of the present study was to provide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic pain acceptance incrementally predicts disability in polytrauma-exposed veterans at baseline and 1-year follow-up.

Journal Article Behav Res Ther · October 2015 War veterans are at increased risk for chronic pain and co-occurring neurobehavioral problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol-related problems, and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Each condition is associated with d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Functional Disability in U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · October 2015 Mindfulness and self-compassion are overlapping, but distinct constructs that characterize how people relate to emotional distress. Both are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may be related to functional disability. Although self-com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor genes on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 30, 2015 The present study examined the association between genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor gene family (CHRNA2, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA5, CHRNA6, CHRNA7, CHRNA9, CHRNA10, CHRNB2, CHRNB3, CHRNB4) and the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does military sexual trauma moderate the impact of critical warzone experiences?

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 30, 2015 The present research sought to replicate the finding that military sexual trauma (MST) moderates the effect of critical warzone experiences on mental health outcomes in a sample of male veterans. One-hundred eighty-one male veterans completed measures of M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · September 15, 2015 BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing traumatic events. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) design was used to identify genetic risk factors for PTSD within a multi-racial sample p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity for a Likert-based version of the Sources of occupational stress-14 (SOOS-14) scale.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · August 30, 2015 This study examined the psychometric properties of a Likert-based version of the Sources of Occupational Stress-14 (SOOS-14) scale. Internal consistency for the SOOS-14 ranged from 0.78-0.84, whereas three-month test-retest reliability was 0.51. In additio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resilience, traumatic brain injury, depression, and posttraumatic stress among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · August 2015 OBJECTIVE: We examined the prospective influence of the resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled personality prototypes on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. After accounting for the poss ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-suicidal self-injury as a predictor of active and passive suicidal ideation among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · June 30, 2015 The present study examined the association between lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and current suicidal ideation among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. NSSI was positively associated with passive, active, and concurrent active-passive suicidal ideation ... Full text Link to item Cite

EFFECT OF THE APOE ε4 ALLELE AND COMBAT EXPOSURE ON PTSD AMONG IRAQ/AFGHANISTAN-ERA VETERANS.

Journal Article Depress Anxiety · May 2015 BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. The present research examined if the ε4 allele of the APOE gene moderated the effect of combat exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do child abuse and maternal care interact to predict military sexual trauma?

Journal Article J Clin Psychol · April 2015 OBJECTIVE: The present research tested the hypothesis that maternal care moderates the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and subsequent military sexual trauma (MST). METHOD: Measures of childhood sexual abuse, maternal care, and MST were administ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self-Compassion as a prospective predictor of PTSD symptom severity among trauma-exposed U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · April 2015 U.S. combat veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars have elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population. Self-compassion, characterized by self-kindness, a sense of common humanity when faced with suffering, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

An examination of the broader effects of warzone experiences on returning Iraq/Afghanistan veterans' psychiatric health.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · March 30, 2015 The objective of the present research was to test the hypotheses that: (1) Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans experience a wide range of psychiatric symptomatology (e.g., obsessive-compulsive symptoms, hypochondriasis, somatization); and (2) general psychiatric ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social support, stress, and suicidal ideation in professional firefighters.

Journal Article Am J Health Behav · March 2015 OBJECTIVE: To hypothesize that social support may protect against the effect of firefighter stress on suicidal ideation. METHODS: Overall, 334 firefighters completed measures of occupational stress, social support, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: At high l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

Journal Article Anxiety Stress Coping · 2015 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress are significant problems among returning veterans and are associated with reduced quality of life. DESIGN: A correlational design was used to examine the impac ... Full text Link to item Cite

An examination of the association between 5-HTTLPR, combat exposure, and PTSD diagnosis among U.S. veterans.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2015 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene, combat exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and among two samples of combat-exposed veterans. METHOD: The first samp ... Full text Link to item Cite

A clinician's perspective on memory reconsolidation as the primary basis for psychotherapeutic change in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Journal Article Behav Brain Sci · 2015 Lane et al.'s proposal that psychotherapeutic change comes about through memory reconsolidation is compelling; however, the model would be strengthened by the inclusion of predictions regarding additional factors that might influence treatment response, pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latent Factor Structure of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Journal Article Psychopathol Rev · 2015 The current study examined the latent factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on DSM-5 criteria in a sample of participants (N = 374) recruited for studies on trauma and health. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to compare ... Full text Link to item Cite

Careful operationalization and assessment are critical for advancing the study of the neurobiology of resilience.

Journal Article Behav Brain Sci · 2015 The authors' definition of resilience is too narrow and essentially defines resilience as the absence of psychopathology. Consequently, it is not clear how quantitatively defined resilience differs from quantitatively defined psychopathology according to t ... Full text Link to item Cite

The critical warzone experiences (CWE) scale: initial psychometric properties and association with PTSD, anxiety, and depression.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 30, 2014 The objective of the present research was to develop and evaluate a critical warzone experiences (CWE) scale for use with Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. The psychometric properties of the CWE were evaluated across three independent samples of Iraq/Afghanistan ... Full text Link to item Cite

The factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and its relationship to violence, incarceration, suicide attempts, and suicidality.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 15, 2014 The present research examined how incarceration, suicide attempts, suicidality, and difficulty controlling violence relate to the underlying factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among a large sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans (N=1897). Diagnos ... Full text Link to item Cite

DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: factor structure and rates of diagnosis.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · December 2014 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant problem among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. To date, however, there has been only limited research on how the recent changes in DSM-5 influence the prevalence and factor structure of PTSD. To address t ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Bayesian model averaging approach to examining changes in quality of life among returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

Journal Article Int J Methods Psychiatr Res · September 2014 Many Veterans from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan return home with physical and psychological impairments that impact their ability to enjoy normal life activities and diminish their quality of life (QoL). The present research aimed to identify pred ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideation among male Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans seeking treatment for PTSD.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · August 2014 The objectives of the present research were to examine the prevalence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among 214 U.S. male Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to evaluate the relationship between DSH an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A test of whether coping styles moderate the effect of PTSD symptoms on alcohol outcomes.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · August 2014 Coping style may partially account for the frequent co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that avoidant and action-oriented coping styles would moderate the association between PTSD symptom se ... Full text Link to item Cite

PATTERNS AND PREDICTORS OF HEAVY DRINKING DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF FIRE SERVICE

Conference ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH · June 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Combined PTSD and depressive symptoms interact with post-deployment social support to predict suicidal ideation in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · May 30, 2014 Rates of suicide are alarmingly high in military and veteran samples. Suicide rates are particularly elevated among those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, which share overlapping symptoms and frequently co-occur. Identifying and c ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of social anxiety on urge and craving among smokers with and without anxiety disorders.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · February 1, 2014 BACKGROUND: Despite the often social nature of smoking, relatively little research has been conducted on the relationship between smoking and social anxiety disorder (SAD). METHOD: Participants (N=99) included 34 smokers without current mental health disor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acceptance and action questionnaire - II scores as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among war veterans

Journal Article Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · November 1, 2013 Although much is known regarding predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little of this knowledge directly informs treatment. This study examined whether higher scores on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II), a self-report meas ... Full text Cite

Are negative automatic thoughts associated with adhd in adulthood?

Journal Article Cognitive Therapy and Research · August 1, 2013 Recent randomized controlled trials indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an efficacious treatment. Although treatments for adults with ADHD target negative automatic thoughts, t ... Full text Cite

The Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale (ICES): psychometric properties and relationship to borderline personality symptomatology.

Journal Article J Pers Disord · June 2013 The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale (ICES; Mountford, Corstorphine, Tomlinson, & Waller, 2004), a measure designed to retrospectively assess exposure to parental invalidatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reinforcement sensitivity theory predicts positive and negative affect in daily life

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2013 Laboratory studies of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory have associated sensitivity to punishment (SP) with negative affect and sensitivity to reward (SR) with positive affect. However, few studies have examined the expression of these systems and their res ... Full text Cite

BIS and BAS interact with perceived parental affectionless control to predict personality disorder symptomatology.

Journal Article J Pers Disord · April 2012 The objective of this study was to examine if and how two basic dimensions of temperament-behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity-might interact with exposure to perceived parental affectionless control (AFC) to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological sequelae of PTSD and TBI following war deployment among OEF/OIF veterans.

Journal Article Neuropsychol Rev · March 2012 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are highly prevalent among Veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These conditions are associated with common and unique neuropsychological and neuroanatomical changes. ... Full text Link to item Cite

BIS, BAS, and bias: The role of personality and cognitive bias in social anxiety

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2012 The goal of the present research was to test the hypothesis that cognitive biases for negative and threatening social information mediate the effects of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity on social anxiety. ... Full text Cite

An evaluation of behavioral approach in adults with ADHD

Journal Article Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · December 1, 2011 Motivational models emphasizing altered reinforcement sensitivity have been increasingly implicated in etiological accounts of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Overactive behavioral approach tendencies are identified among these motivation ... Full text Cite

Deployment-related TBI, persistent postconcussive symptoms, PTSD, and depression in OEF/OIF veterans.

Journal Article Rehabil Psychol · November 2011 OBJECTIVE: A substantial proportion of the more than 2 million service members who have served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) have experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the long-term impact of TBI ... Full text Link to item Cite

A revised measure of occupational stress for firefighters: Psychometric properties and relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse

Journal Article Psychological Services · November 1, 2011 The Sources of Occupational Stress scale (SOOS; Beaton & Murphy, 1993) is a 57-item self-report measure designed to assess the different sources of occupational stress faced by firefighters. The objective of the present research was to develop and evaluate ... Full text Cite

Restrictive Emotionality, BIS, BAS, and Psychological Help-Seeking Behavior

Journal Article Psychology of Men and Masculinity · July 1, 2011 This study examined the relationships among gender role conflict, attitudes toward seeking psychotherapy, and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity. Specifically, the present research tested the hypothesis th ... Full text Cite

Mental Health Treatment Involvement and Religious Coping among African American, Hispanic, and White Veterans of the Wars of Iraq and Afghanistan.

Journal Article Depress Res Treat · 2011 Although racial/ethnic differences have been found in the use of mental health services for depression in the general population, research among Veterans has produced mixed results. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the use of mental health ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and emotion regulation difficulties: A multimodal investigation

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · December 1, 2010 This study examined associations between BIS-FFFS, BAS dimensions, and emotion regulation (ER) assessed across self-report and behavioral domains among 101 adults. Findings revealed significant associations among the various ER assessments, as well as betw ... Full text Cite

The effect of behavioral inhibition and approach on normal social functioning

Journal Article Individual Differences Research · December 1, 2010 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is a personality model that proposes brain systems, referred to as the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), underlie individual differences in personality, mood, and approach-avoidan ... Cite

DRINKING TO COPE IN RETURNING WAR VETERANS

Conference ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH · June 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety.

Journal Article J Anxiety Disord · April 2010 BACKGROUND: Both behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity have been proposed to play a role in social anxiety; however, findings concerning the relationship between BAS and social anxiety have been mixed. Moreover ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Dimensional Analysis of Creativity and Mental Illness: Do Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Predict Creative Cognition, Creative Accomplishments, and Creative Self-Concepts?

Journal Article Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts · February 1, 2010 The link, if any, between creativity and mental illness is one of the most controversial topics in modern creativity research. The present research assessed the relationships between anxiety and depression symptom dimensions and several facets of creativit ... Full text Cite

A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia.

Journal Article Clin Psychol Rev · April 2008 Many factors have been associated with the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia (GSP); however, the ways in which these factors interact with one another to produce and maintain GSP remains unclear. The current paper proposes that Reinf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity to punishment and low maternal care account for the link between bulimic and social anxiety symptomology.

Journal Article Eat Behav · April 2008 OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the joint effect of personality and parenting factors on the prediction of bulimia nervosa (BN) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptomology in a sample of female college students. The study also tested whether perso ... Full text Link to item Cite

High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2008 The current study examined the role of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity in predicting symptoms along the externalizing dimension of psychopathology. A sample of 273 undergraduates completed measures of BAS ... Full text Cite

Examination of the reliability and factor structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a non-clinical sample

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · November 1, 2007 A self-report screening measure for high functioning autism spectrum disorders is needed for diagnostic screening and research purposes. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) has been developed for these reasons, although a comprehensive assessment of the psyc ... Full text Cite

An analysis of reinforcement sensitivity theory and the five-factor model

Journal Article European Journal of Personality · November 1, 2007 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) are two prominent personality accounts that have emerged from different backgrounds. Although the two accounts are applied to similar research topics, there is limited empirical work ex ... Full text Cite

The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of anhedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · October 1, 2007 This study examined the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), life stress, and internalizing symptoms. Generally, low sensitivity of the behavioral approach system (BAS) predicts depression whereas high sensitivity of the behavioral ... Full text Cite

Reinforcement sensitivity and maternal style as predictors of psychopathology

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · April 1, 2007 This study examined the effect of reinforcement sensitivity and adverse parenting on adult psychopathology. One hundred eighty-one undergraduates completed a battery of self-report scales measuring Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity, Behavioral ... Full text Cite