Scholars@Duke
Richard S.E. Keefe

Richard S.E. Keefe

Professor Emeritus in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
richard.keefe@duke.edu
6820 Creek Wood Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
6820 Creek Wood Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514

Selected Publications

Migration of digital functional capacity assessments from device resident to cloud-based delivery: Development and convergent validity

Journal Article Schizophrenia Research: Cognition · March 1, 2025 Decentralized clinical trials are leading to rapid changes in assessment technology, including an expansion of interest in remote delivery. As technology changes, some of the updates include migration to fully cloud-based software and data management, with ... Full text Cite

Location-based differences in cognition and functional capacity: Consistent levels of impairment in participants with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · October 2024 Cognitive performance manifests regional differences, correlated with education. There is less information available about regional differences in performance-based measures of functional capacity. In multi-national trials focused on cognitive enhancement, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders as a function of transitions in Sweden's public educational system: a national study.

Journal Article Psychol Med · January 2024 BACKGROUND: To clarify, in a national sample, associations between risk for seven psychiatric and substance use disorders and five key transitions in Sweden's public educational system. METHODS: Swedish-born individuals (1972-1995, N = 1 997 910) were foll ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current and Emerging Technologies to Address the Placebo Response Challenge in CNS Clinical Trials: Promise, Pitfalls, and Pathways Forward

Journal Article Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience · January 1, 2024 Excessive placebo response rates have long been a major challenge for central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery. As CNS trials progressively shift toward digitalization, decentralization, and novel remote assessment approaches, questions are emerging abo ... Cite

Using latent profile analyses to classify subjects with anhedonia based on reward-related measures obtained in the FAST-MAS study.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · October 15, 2023 BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that anhedonia is a multifaceted construct. This study examined the possibility of identifying subgroups of people with anhedonia using multiple reward-related measures to provide greater understanding the Research Do ... Full text Link to item Cite

Innovative Technologies in CNS Trials: Promises and Pitfalls for Recruitment, Retention, and Representativeness

Journal Article Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience · July 1, 2023 Objective: Recruitment of a sufficiently large and representative patient sample and its retention during central nervous system (CNS) trials presents major challenges for study sponsors. Technological advances are reshaping clinical trial operations to me ... Cite

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · May 2023 Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, account for much of the impaired functioning associated with the disorder and are not responsive to existing treatments. In this review, we first describe the clinical presentation and natural history ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peripheral inflammation is associated with impairments of inhibitory behavioral control and visual sensorimotor function in psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2023 Elevated markers of peripheral inflammation are common in psychosis spectrum disorders and have been associated with brain anatomy, pathology, and physiology as well as clinical outcomes. Preliminary evidence suggests a link between inflammatory cytokines ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a suite of ERP and QEEG biomarkers in a pre-competitive, industry-led study in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · April 2023 OBJECTIVE: Complexity and lack of standardization have mostly limited the use of event-related potentials (ERPs) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) biomarkers in drug development to small early phase trials. We present results from a clinical study on healthy vol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antipsychotic drugs and their effects on cognitive function: protocol for a systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis.

Journal Article Syst Rev · March 24, 2023 BACKGROUND: There is evidence that antipsychotic drugs differ in their effect on the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. So far, there is no comprehensive systematic review available that would enable providers and patients to make informed choices regard ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Cognitive Impairments on Health-Related Quality of Life in Schizophrenia.

Journal Article Brain Sci · January 28, 2023 The impact of cognitive impairments on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with schizophrenia is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cognitive impairments and HRQoL in individuals with schizophrenia. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Qualitative Analysis of the Content Validity of the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) in Schizophrenia: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective

Journal Article Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · January 1, 2023 The US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) requires clinical trials targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) to demonstrate the functional relevance of cognitive improvements by employing a functional co-primary measure. Although quantita ... Full text Cite

Dispersion of cognitive performance test scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery: A different perspective.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · December 2022 OBJECTIVE: Persons with schizophrenia exhibit greater neurocognitive test score dispersion. Here, we seek to characterize dispersion on the Neurocognitive Composite subtests of the Measurement of Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrena Cons ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating how treatment adherence influences cognitive remediation outcomes.

Journal Article Behav Res Ther · November 2022 BACKGROUND: There is evidence that Cognitive Remediation (CR) is an efficacious approach to reduce cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia. However, there is still a limited understanding of what influences different treatment r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Digital Intervention for Cognitive Deficits in Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety in Adults.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · July 2022 OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated AKL-T03, an investigational digital intervention delivered through a video game-based interface, designed to target the fronto-parietal network to enhance functional domains for attentional control. AKL-T03 was tested in ad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease and cardiovascular medication burden on cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · March 8, 2022 BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a core deficit across psychotic disorders, the causes and therapeutics of which remain unclear. Epidemiological observations have suggested associations between cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders and cardiovasc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social skills, negative symptoms and real-world functioning in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis.

Journal Article Asian J Psychiatr · March 2022 BACKGROUND: Impairment in real-world social functioning is observed in individuals at Ultra-High Risk (UHR) of psychosis. Both social skills and negative symptoms appear to influence real-world functioning. This study aims to examine the psychometric prope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Remote self-administration of digital cognitive tests using the Brief Assessment of Cognition: Feasibility, reliability, and sensitivity to subjective cognitive decline.

Journal Article Front Psychiatry · 2022 Cognitive impairment is a common and pervasive feature of etiologically diverse disorders of the central nervous system, and a target indication for a growing number of symptomatic and disease modifying drugs. Remotely acquired digital endpoints have been ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized Phase II trial evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral BI 409306 in attenuated psychosis syndrome: Design and rationale.

Journal Article Early Interv Psychiatry · October 2021 AIM: Attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, comprises psychotic symptoms that are qualitatively similar to those observed in schizophrenia but are less severe. Pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deficits in generalized cognitive ability, visual sensorimotor function, and inhibitory control represent discrete domains of neurobehavioral deficit in psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · October 2021 Psychotic disorders are characterized by impaired cognition, yet some reports indicate specific deficits extend beyond reduced general cognitive ability. This study utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic methods to evaluate the latent struct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association study accounting for anticholinergic burden to examine cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · September 2021 Identifying genetic contributors to cognitive impairments in psychosis-spectrum disorders can advance understanding of disease pathophysiology. Although CNS medications are known to affect cognitive performance, they are often not accounted for in genetic ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cognitive Subtyping in Schizophrenia: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · April 29, 2021 Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia. The subtyping of cognitive performance in schizophrenia may aid the refinement of disease heterogeneity. The literature on cognitive subtyping in schizophrenia, however, is limited by variable metho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Placebo response mitigation with a participant-focused psychoeducational procedure: a randomized, single-blind, all placebo study in major depressive and psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · March 2021 The remarkably high and growing placebo response rates in clinical trials for CNS indications, such as depression and schizophrenia, constitute a major challenge for the drug development enterprise. Despite extensive literature on participant expectancies ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and safety of the novel glycine transporter inhibitor BI 425809 once daily in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.

Journal Article Lancet Psychiatry · March 2021 BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia predicts poor functional outcomes, but currently no approved pharmacotherapy is available. This study investigated whether the glycine transporter-1 inhibitor BI 425809 improves cognition in pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring the role of age as a moderator of cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2021 BACKGROUND: While Cognitive Remediation (CR) is effective in reducing cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia, there is variability in treatment response. Previous research suggested that participants' age may be a significant m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Where do we cut the bell-shaped curve of CIAS?

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

Can IQ moderate the response to cognitive remediation in people with schizophrenia?

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · January 2021 BACKGROUND: IQ and IQ decline are considered risk factors for poor prognosis in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, it is still not clear if, at least in part, IQ and IQ decline influence long-term outcomes via a negative effect on intervent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT-SL) in Parkinson's Disease.

Journal Article J Parkinsons Dis · 2021 BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and highly associated with loss of independence, caregiver burden, and assisted living placement. The need for cognitive functional capacity tools validated for use in PD clinical and r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Verbal memory measurement towards digital perspectives in first-episode psychosis: A review.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · September 2020 BACKGROUND: Even in the early phases of psychotic spectrum illnesses such as schizophrenia, patients can experience cognitive decline or deficits prior to the onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. In this systematic review, we a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) with a game-based assessment for individuals with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 2020 BACKGROUND: The Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) is an "applied" game-based assessment that uses a multi-level functional task to assess instrumental activities of daily living (iADL). This study examines the feasibility, conver ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factor structure of cognitive performance and functional capacity in schizophrenia: Evidence for differences across functional capacity measures.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 2020 BACKGROUND: Cognition and functional capacity predict functional outcomes in mental illness. Traditional approaches conceptualize cognition as comprised of domains, but many studies support a unifactorial structure. Some functional capacity measures may sh ... Full text Link to item Cite

A new measure of authentic auditory emotion recognition: Application to patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2020 BACKGROUND: Many social processes such as emotion recognition are severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia. While basic auditory processing seems to play a key role in identifying emotions, research in this field is limited due to the lack of prope ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial applying the 'fast-fail' approach to evaluating κ-opioid antagonism as a treatment for anhedonia.

Journal Article Nat Med · May 2020 The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 'fast-fail' approach seeks to improve too-often-misleading early-phase drug development methods by incorporating biomarker-based proof-of-mechanism (POM) testing in phase 2a. This first comprehensive applicati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Corticolimbic brain anomalies are associated with cognitive subtypes in psychosis: A longitudinal study.

Journal Article Eur Psychiatry · April 27, 2020 BACKGROUND: Earlier studies examining structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitively derived subgroups were mainly cross-sectional in design and had mixed findings. Thus, we obtained cross-sectional and longitudinal data to characterize the ext ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel digital intervention for actively reducing severity of paediatric ADHD (STARS-ADHD): a randomised controlled trial.

Journal Article Lancet Digit Health · April 2020 BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common paediatric neurodevelopmental disorder with substantial effect on families and society. Alternatives to traditional care, including novel digital therapeutics, have shown promise to re ... Full text Link to item Cite

The characteristics of cognitive neuroscience tests in a schizophrenia cognition clinical trial: Psychometric properties and correlations with standard measures.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · March 2020 In comparison to batteries of standard neuropsychological tests, cognitive neuroscience tests may offer a more specific assessment of discrete neurobiological processes that may be aberrant in schizophrenia. However, more information regarding psychometric ... Full text Link to item Cite

Virtual reality assessment of functional capacity in the early course of schizophrenia: Associations with cognitive performance and daily functioning.

Journal Article Early Interv Psychiatry · February 2020 AIM: Computer-based virtual reality assessments of functional capacity have shown promise as a reliable and valid way to assess individuals with multi-episode schizophrenia. However, there has been little research utilizing this innovative approach with yo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of an UPSA Short Form for Use in Longitudinal Studies in the Early Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Journal Article J Prev Alzheimers Dis · 2020 BACKGROUND: In individuals with only mild or very mild cognitive attenuations (i.e., so-called pre-clinical AD), performance-based measures of function may be superior to informant-based measures because of increased sensitivity, greater reliability, and f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive review of the research employing the schizophrenia cognition rating scale (SCoRS).

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2019 This review of research utilizing the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) outlines the development, evaluation, validation, and implementation of the SCoRS to assess whether the scale meets the criteria as a functional co-primary as defined by the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Virtual reality assessment of functional capacity in people with Schizophrenia: Associations with reduced emotional experience and prediction of functional outcomes.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · July 2019 Virtual Reality (VR) approaches have had considerable success in measurement of functional capacity. However, it is not clear if factors other than cognitive impairment influence performance on VR measures. Many people with schizophrenia have significant n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a plasticity-based cognitive training program in schizophrenia: Results from the eCaesar trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · June 2019 OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a core feature of the disorder. Computerized cognitive training has shown promise in pilot studies. A 26-week randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a novel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BI 409306, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor, in Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial.

Conference Schizophr Bull · March 7, 2019 BACKGROUND: Patients with cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia may benefit from treatments targeting dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission. BI 409306, a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitor, was assessed in patients with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Basic auditory processing deficits and their association with auditory emotion recognition in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2019 BACKGROUND: Individuals with schizophrenia are impaired in their ability to recognize emotions based on vocal cues and these impairments are associated with poor global outcome. Basic perceptual processes, such as auditory pitch processing, are impaired in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Large-Scale Network Topology Reveals Heterogeneity in Individuals With at Risk Mental State for Psychosis: Findings From the Longitudinal Youth-at-Risk Study.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · December 1, 2018 Emerging evidence demonstrates heterogeneity in clinical outcomes of prodromal psychosis that only a small percentage of at-risk individuals eventually progress to full-blown psychosis. To examine the neurobiological underpinnings of this heterogeneity fro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factor structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in people at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2018 INTRODUCTION: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), a comprehensive psychopathology assessment scale used in the evaluation of psychopathology in schizophrenia, is also often used in the Ultra-High-Risk (UHR) population. This paper examined the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Take This Cognitive Training Efficacy Bar Fight Outside (to a Regulatory Agency).

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging · November 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Young Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · September 1, 2018 IMPORTANCE: Cognitive deficits are a key feature of risk for psychosis. Longitudinal changes in cognitive architecture may be associated with the social and occupational functioning in young people. OBJECTIVES: To examine longitudinal profiles of cognition ... Full text Link to item Cite

What is the overlap between subjective and objective cognitive impairments in MDD?

Journal Article Ann Clin Psychiatry · August 2018 BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairments, such as memory deficits and executive impairment, are common among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and can be captured with objective or subjective assessments. The aim of this post-hoc analysis of the CONNE ... Link to item Cite

Polygenic signal for symptom dimensions and cognitive performance in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · June 2018 Genetic etiology of psychopathology symptoms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia is supported by candidate gene and polygenic risk score (PRS) association studies. Such associations are reported to be dependent on several factors - sample characteri ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Genetics of Endophenotypes of Neurofunction to Understand Schizophrenia (GENUS) consortium: A collaborative cognitive and neuroimaging genetics project.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2018 BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia has a large genetic component, and the pathways from genes to illness manifestation are beginning to be identified. The Genetics of Endophenotypes of Neurofunction to Understand Schizophrenia (GENUS) Consortium aims to clarify the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic correlates of insight in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2018 UNLABELLED: Insight in schizophrenia is clinically important as it is associated with several adverse outcomes. Genetic contributions to insight are unknown. We examined genetic contributions to insight by investigating if polygenic risk scores (PRS) and c ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Subgroup Analysis of the Impact of Vortioxetine on Functional Capacity, as Measured by UPSA, in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Subjective Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal Article Int J Neuropsychopharmacol · May 1, 2018 BACKGROUND: We evaluated vortioxetine's effects on functional capacity in demographic and clinical subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS: This was an exploratory analysis of the CONNECT study (NCT01564862) that evaluated changes in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and measured domains of cognition in individuals with psychosis and controls.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · April 12, 2018 Psychotic disorders including schizophrenia are commonly accompanied by cognitive deficits. Recent studies have reported negative genetic correlations between schizophrenia and indicators of cognitive ability such as general intelligence and processing spe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The joint impact of cognitive performance in adolescence and familial cognitive aptitude on risk for major psychiatric disorders: a delineation of four potential pathways to illness.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · April 2018 How do joint measures of premorbid cognitive ability and familial cognitive aptitude (FCA) reflect risk for a diversity of psychiatric and substance use disorders? To address this question, we examined, using Cox models, the predictive effects of school ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

T206. DOES AGE INFLUENCE RESPONSE TO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION?

Conference Schizophrenia Bulletin · April 1, 2018 Full text Cite

Unraveling interrelationships among psychopathology symptoms, cognitive domains and insight dimensions in chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 2018 INTRODUCTION: Insight in schizophrenia is long known to have a complex relationship with psychopathology symptoms and cognition. However, very few studies have examined models that explain these interrelationships. METHODS: In a large sample derived from t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latent Profile Analysis and Conversion to Psychosis: Characterizing Subgroups to Enhance Risk Prediction.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · February 15, 2018 BACKGROUND: Groups at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis are heterogeneous, composed of individuals with different clusters of symptoms. It is likely that there exist subgroups, each associated with different symptom constellations and probab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deviation from expected cognitive ability across psychotic disorders.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2018 Patients with schizophrenia show a deficit in cognitive ability compared to estimated premorbid and familial intellectual abilities. However, the degree to which this pattern holds across psychotic disorders and is familial is unclear. The present study ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive Effects of MIN-101 in Patients With Schizophrenia and Negative Symptoms: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · 2018 OBJECTIVE: Current dopamine-blocking antipsychotic drugs have little impact on the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. We evaluated whether MIN-101, a molecule that combines sigma-2 antagonism and 5-HT2A antagonism, might improve cognitive de ... Full text Link to item Cite

TOMMORROW neuropsychological battery: German language validation and normative study.

Journal Article Alzheimers Dement (N Y) · 2018 INTRODUCTION: Assessment of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires reliable and validated methods to detect subtle cognitive changes. The battery of standardized cognitive assessments that is used for diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline Using the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT).

Journal Article J Prev Alzheimers Dis · 2018 BACKGROUND: Continuing advances in the understanding of Alzheimer's disease progression have inspired development of disease-modifying therapeutics intended for use in preclinical populations. However, identification of clinically meaningful cognitive and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive burden of anticholinergic medications in psychotic disorders.

Conference Schizophr Res · December 2017 BACKGROUND: Patients with psychotic disorders are often treated with numerous medications, many of which have anticholinergic activity. We assessed cognition in relation to the cumulative anticholinergic burden of multiple drugs included in treatment regim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychometric characteristics of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery in a large pooled cohort of stable schizophrenia patients.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 2017 The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to assess cognitive treatment effects in schizophrenia clinical trials, and is considered the FDA gold standard outcome measure for that purpose. The aim of the present study was to establish pre ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Impact of Medication Anticholinergic Burden on Cognitive Performance in People With Schizophrenia.

Journal Article Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · December 2017 BackgroundCognitive deficits are prevalent in people with schizophrenia and associated with functional impairments. In addition to antipsychotics, pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia often includes other psychotropics, and some of these agents posses ... Full text Cite

Negative Symptom Dimensions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Across Geographical Regions: Implications for Social, Linguistic, and Cultural Consistency.

Journal Article Innov Clin Neurosci · December 1, 2017 Objective: Recognizing the discrete dimensions that underlie negative symptoms in schizophrenia and how these dimensions are understood across localities might result in better understanding and treatment of these symptoms. To this end, the objectives of t ... Link to item Cite

Using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to Define Different Domains of Negative Symptoms: Prediction of Everyday Functioning by Impairments in Emotional Expression and Emotional Experience.

Journal Article Innov Clin Neurosci · December 1, 2017 Background: Reduced emotional experience and expression are two domains of negative symptoms. The authors assessed these two domains of negative symptoms using previously developed Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) factors. Using an existing dat ... Link to item Cite

Effects of cognitive remediation on negative symptoms dimensions: exploring the role of working memory.

Journal Article Psychol Med · November 2017 BACKGROUND: Recent theories suggest that poor working memory (WM) may be the cognitive underpinning of negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. In this study, we first explore the effect of cognitive remediation (CR) on two clusters of negative symp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Establishing the Brief Assessment of Cognition - Short form.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · October 2017 The study aims to identify and validate a parsimonious subset of tests in the commonly used Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) that allows the evaluation of global cognitive ability. Several permutations of subtests from the BACS were ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Placebo Response and Practice Effects in Schizophrenia Cognition Trials.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · August 1, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Patients' previous experience with performance-based cognitive tests in clinical trials for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia can create practice-related improvements. Placebo-controlled trials for cognitive impairment associat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the Persian version of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Asian J Psychiatr · June 2017 The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) is an interview-based assessment of cognition that involves interviews with patients and informants. The SCoRS has shown good reliability, validity, and sensitivity to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the tablet-administered Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC App).

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 2017 Computerized tests benefit from automated scoring procedures and standardized administration instructions. These methods can reduce the potential for rater error. However, especially in patients with severe mental illnesses, the equivalency of traditional ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impaired Context Processing is Attributable to Global Neuropsychological Impairment in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · March 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: Context processing may reflect a specific cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Whether impaired context processing is observed across psychotic disorders or among relatives of affected individuals, and whether it is a deficit that is independ ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Cognition and Social Functioning as Predictors in the Transition to Psychosis for Youth With Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · January 2017 In the literature, there have been several attempts to develop prediction models for youth who are at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. Although there are no specific clinical or demographic variables that seem to consistently predict the l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disrupted latent inhibition in individuals at ultra high-risk for developing psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · December 2016 The addition of off-the-shelf cognitive measures to established prodromal criteria has resulted in limited improvement in the prediction of conversion to psychosis. Tests that assess cognitive processes central to schizophrenia might better identify those ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disrupted salience network functional connectivity and white-matter microstructure in persons at risk for psychosis: findings from the LYRIKS study.

Journal Article Psychol Med · October 2016 BACKGROUND: Salience network (SN) dysconnectivity has been hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia. Nevertheless, little is known about the functional and structural dysconnectivity of SN in subjects at risk for psychosis. We hypothesized that SN funct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr Kantrowitz and Colleagues Reply.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · October 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a Computerized test of Functional Capacity.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2016 Regulatory guidance for schizophrenia cognition clinical trials requires that the assessment of cognitive change is accompanied by a functionally meaningful endpoint. However, currently available measures are challenged by resistance to change, psychometri ... Full text Link to item Cite

The relationship between negative symptom subdomains and cognition.

Journal Article Psychol Med · July 2016 BACKGROUND: Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are partially overlapping. However, the nature of the relationship between negative symptoms and cognition remains equivocal. Recent reviews have demonstrated the presence of two negativ ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Multicenter, Rater-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study of Auditory Processing-Focused Cognitive Remediation Combined With Open-Label Lurasidone in Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · June 2016 OBJECTIVE: Small-scale studies of auditory processing cognitive remediation programs have demonstrated efficacy in schizophrenia. We describe a multicenter, rater-blinded, randomized, controlled study of auditory-focused cognitive remediation, conducted fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting Schizophrenia.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · May 1, 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Phase 2 Trial of an Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Agonist (TC-5619) in Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · March 2016 OBJECTIVES: This trial was conducted to test the effects of an alpha7 nicotinic receptor full agonist, TC-5619, on negative and cognitive symptoms in subjects with schizophrenia. METHODS: In 64 sites in the United States, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unitary construct of generalized cognitive ability underlying BACS performance across psychotic disorders and in their first-degree relatives.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · January 2016 Despite robust evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction in psychotic patients, the degree of similarity in cognitive architecture across psychotic disorders and among their respective first-degree relatives is not well delineated. The present study examined ... Full text Link to item Cite

Report on ISCTM Consensus Meeting on Clinical Assessment of Response to Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · January 2016 If treatments for cognitive impairment are to be utilized successfully, clinicians must be able to determine whether they are effective and which patients should receive them. In order to develop consensus on these issues, the International Society for CNS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interview-based assessment of cognition is a strong predictor of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and severe negative symptoms.

Journal Article Braz J Psychiatry · 2016 OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between quality of life, symptoms, and cognition assessed by the interview-based Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS). METHODS: Seventy-nine outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Qual ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conceptual issues in cultural adaptation and the role of culture in assessment of health-related quality of life in schizophrenia

Chapter · January 1, 2016 Before we begin a discussion about the role of culture in evaluating health-related quality of life in schizophrenia, let’s clarify some terms used in connection with measurement of psychiatric states and samples of behavior across clinical disciplines and ... Full text Cite

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Encenicline, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, as a Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · December 2015 Encenicline is a novel, selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in development for treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-design, multinational ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding symbol coding in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · December 1, 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Lack of Evidence for Regional Brain Volume or Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Youths at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Findings From the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · November 2015 There is cumulative evidence that young people in an "at-risk mental state" (ARMS) for psychosis show structural brain abnormalities in frontolimbic areas, comparable to, but less extensive than those reported in established schizophrenia. However, most av ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of glutamate positive modulators on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · October 2015 Hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been proposed to have an important role in the cognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia. Although glutamate modulators may be effective in reversing such difficult-to-treat conditions, the re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of low vitamin D status with positive, negative and cognitive symptom domains in people with first-episode schizophrenia.

Conference Early Interv Psychiatry · October 2015 AIM: Deficient vitamin D levels are very common among Americans of all ages and ethnicities, but little is known about its prevalence or associated problems among those with schizophrenia. METHODS: Stored plasma from 20 recent onset schizophrenia subjects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adjunctive Minocycline in Clozapine-Treated Schizophrenia Patients With Persistent Symptoms.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · August 2015 OBJECTIVE: Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment refractory people with schizophrenia, yet many patients only partially respond. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data suggest benefits with minocycline. We tested adjunct minocycli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Working memory impairment in probands with schizoaffective disorder and first degree relatives of schizophrenia probands extend beyond deficits predicted by generalized neuropsychological impairment.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2015 OBJECTIVE: Working memory impairment is well established in psychotic disorders. However, the relative magnitude, diagnostic specificity, familiality pattern, and degree of independence from generalized cognitive deficits across psychotic disorders remain ... Full text Link to item Cite

An abbreviated version of the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS)

Journal Article European Journal of Psychiatry · July 30, 2015 Background and Objectives: A short version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was derived. Methods: We calculated the corrected item-total correlation (CITC) for each test score relative to the composite score, and then computed t ... Full text Cite

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Active-Reference, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose Study of the Efficacy of Vortioxetine on Cognitive Function in Major Depressive Disorder.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · July 2015 This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-referenced (duloxetine 60 mg), parallel-group study evaluated the short-term efficacy and safety of vortioxetine (10-20 mg) on cognitive function in adults (aged 18-65 years) diagnosed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regressing to Prior Response Preference After Set Switching Implicates Striatal Dysfunction Across Psychotic Disorders: Findings From the B-SNIP Study.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · July 2015 Difficulty switching behavioral response sets is established in psychotic disorders. In rodent models, prefrontal lesions cause difficulty initially switching to new response sets (perseverative errors) while striatal lesions cause difficulty suppressing r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of Age-Related Differences in Functional Capacity Using the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT).

Journal Article J Prev Alzheimers Dis · June 2015 Clinical trials for primary prevention and early intervention in preclinical AD require measures of functional capacity with improved sensitivity to deficits in healthier, non-demented individuals. To this end, the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Asses ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Phase II study of a histamine H₃ receptor antagonist GSK239512 for cognitive impairment in stable schizophrenia subjects on antipsychotic therapy.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2015 This Phase II exploratory study assessed GSK239512, a brain penetrant histamine H₃ receptor antagonist, versus placebo on cognitive impairment in 50 stable outpatients with schizophrenia. Subjects were randomized to placebo or GSK239512 for 7 weeks (4 week ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of psychiatric comorbidity in individuals at Ultra High Risk of psychosis - Findings from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study (LYRIKS).

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2015 Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in Ultra High Risk (UHR) for psychosis populations. This study examined the prevalence of comorbidity and its impact on symptoms, functioning, cognition and transition to psychosis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia).

Journal Article Clinics (Sao Paulo) · April 2015 OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia by examining its temporal stability, internal consistency, and discriminant and convergent validity. METHODS: The Br ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced white matter integrity and verbal fluency impairment in young adults with bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · March 2015 BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence shows that bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms associated with these abnormalities and their relationship with cog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reliability, validity and treatment sensitivity of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale.

Journal Article Eur Neuropsychopharmacol · February 2015 Cognitive functioning can be assessed with performance-based assessments such as neuropsychological tests and with interview-based assessments. Both assessment methods have the potential to assess whether treatments for schizophrenia improve clinically rel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resting-state brain function in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar probands and their first-degree relatives.

Journal Article Psychol Med · January 2015 BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SCZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) share considerable overlap in clinical features, genetic risk factors and co-occurrence among relatives. The common and unique functional cerebral deficits in these disorders, and in unaf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of cognitive function in bipolar disorder using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A).

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · January 2015 BACKGROUND: Although cognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) there is no instrument of choice for the assessment of bipolar patients. The aim of this study is to assess cognitive performance using the Brief Assessment of Cognition i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Observable Social Cognition--A Rating Scale: an interview-based assessment for schizophrenia.

Journal Article Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2015 INTRODUCTION: Individuals with schizophrenia consistently show impairments in social cognition (SC). SC has become a potential treatment target due to its association with functional outcomes. An alternative method of assessment is to administer an observe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latent structure of cognition in schizophrenia: a confirmatory factor analysis of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).

Journal Article Psychol Med · 2015 BACKGROUND: The number of separable cognitive dimensions in schizophrenia has been debated. Guided by the extant factor analytic literature, the NIMH Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative selected sev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methods for delivering and evaluating the efficacy of cognitive enhancement.

Journal Article Handb Exp Pharmacol · 2015 Cognitive deficits are related to impaired everyday functioning in multiple conditions and in healthy individuals. Treatment of cognitive functioning can be facilitated through either pharmacological or remediation strategies. The critical goals of cogniti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Refining the latent structure of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychol Med · December 2014 BACKGROUND: Elucidating the cognitive architecture of schizophrenia promises to advance understanding of the clinical and biological substrates of the illness. Traditional cross-sectional neuropsychological approaches differentiate impaired from normal cog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral response inhibition in psychotic disorders: diagnostic specificity, familiality and relation to generalized cognitive deficit.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2014 Difficulty inhibiting context-inappropriate behavior is a common deficit in psychotic disorders. The diagnostic specificity of this impairment, its familiality, and its degree of independence from the generalized cognitive deficit associated with psychotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Circadian rhythms in cognitive functioning among patients with schizophrenia: impact on signal detection in clinical trials of potential pro-cognitive therapies.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · October 2014 OBJECTIVE: Cognition is affected by circadian rhythms over the course of a day. Circadian rhythms in cognitive functioning are driven by a variety of both endogenous and exogenous factors. Patients with schizophrenia are known to have disturbed circadian r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detecting reliable cognitive change in individual patients with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · October 2014 OBJECTIVE: Clinicians often need to evaluate the treatment response of an individual person and to know that observed change is true improvement or worsening beyond usual week-to-week changes. This paper gives clinicians tools to evaluate individual change ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Brief Assessment of Cognition In Affective Disorders (BAC-A):performance of patients with bipolar depression and healthy controls.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · September 2014 BACKGROUND: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are significant enough to impact everyday functioning. A key question for treatments aimed at cognition is which cognitive domains are most affected by bipolar disorder and which cognitive tests have the b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of pregnenolone in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2014 RATIONALE: Preclinical and clinical data suggest that pregnenolone may be a promising therapeutic in schizophrenia. Pregnenolone is neuroprotective and enhances learning and memory, myelination, and microtubule polymerization. Treatment with pregnenolone e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated antisaccade error rate as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis across diagnostic categories.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · September 2014 BACKGROUND: Elevated antisaccade error rate, reflecting problems with inhibitory behavioral control, is a promising intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. Here, we consider whether it marks liability across psychotic disorders via common or different ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

HD-CAB: a cognitive assessment battery for clinical trials in Huntington's disease 1,2,3.

Journal Article Mov Disord · September 2014 Cognitive dysfunction is central to Huntington's disease (HD) and undermines quality of life. Clinical trials are now targeting cognitive outcomes in HD; however, no cognitive battery has been optimized for HD clinical trials. We evaluated 16 cognitive tes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploratory analysis of social cognition and neurocognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · August 15, 2014 Neurocognition and social cognition are separate but related constructs known to be impaired in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to extend the current knowledge of the relationship between social cognition and neurocognition in individuals at clini ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive effects of pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · August 2014 OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment frequently accompanies major depressive disorder (MDD) and can persist during remission. This review examined pharmacotherapy effects on cognitive function in MDD. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and EMBASE searches were conducted on J ... Full text Link to item Cite

The continuous performance test, identical pairs: norms, reliability and performance in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia in Singapore.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · July 2014 AIM: To provide normative values for the healthy ethnic Chinese Singaporean population and a large sample of patients with schizophrenia for the Continuous Performance Task-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP). Participants Data were collected on 1011 healthy ethnic C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Altered striatal functional connectivity in subjects with an at-risk mental state for psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · July 2014 Recent functional imaging work in individuals experiencing an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis has implicated dorsal striatal abnormalities in the emergence of psychotic symptoms, contrasting with earlier findings implicating the ventral striatum. ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized, placebo-controlled study investigating the nicotinic α7 agonist, RG3487, for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · June 2014 Effective treatments for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) remain an unmet need. Nicotinic α7 receptor agonists may be effective in CIAS. This 8-week (week 1, inpatient; weeks 2-8, outpatient), double-blind, randomized study used Me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation in adults with persistent executive dysfunction after partial or full remission of major depressive disorder.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · May 2014 Evaluate lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) augmentation of antidepressant monotherapy for executive dysfunction in partially or fully remitted major depressive disorder (MDD). This randomized, placebo-controlled study (NCT00985725) enrolled 143 adults (18- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a virtual reality assessment of everyday living skills.

Journal Article J Vis Exp · April 23, 2014 Cognitive impairments affect the majority of patients with schizophrenia and these impairments predict poor long term psychosocial outcomes.  Treatment studies aimed at cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia not only require demonstration of i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Poster #M186 NEUROCOGNITIVE ARCHITECTURE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Conference Schizophrenia Research · April 2014 Full text Cite

Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment In Schizophrenia: Preliminary Data Regarding Feasibility and Correlations with Cognitive and Functional Capacity Performance.

Journal Article Schizophr Res Cogn · March 2014 INTRODUCTION: Assessment of functional capacity is an intrinsic part of determining the functional relevance of response to treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Existing methods are highly and consistently correlated with performance on neur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the Persian version of the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Journal Article Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · February 2014 AIMS: The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is designed for assessment of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Versions of the BACS in English and other languages have been shown to be as sensitive to cognitive dysfunction ... Full text Link to item Cite

The longitudinal course of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: an examination of data from premorbid through posttreatment phases of illness.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · 2014 Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia that is present across the course of the illness. However, due to complexities of studying cognitive decline in patients prior to the onset of illness, the longitudinal course is not fully understood. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a virtual reality assessment of everyday living skills

Journal Article Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014 Cognitive impairments affect the majority of patients with schizophrenia and these impairments predict poor long term psychosocial outcomes.  Treatment studies aimed at cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia not only require demonstration of i ... Full text Cite

Validation of A Computerized Assessment of Functional Capacity

Conference NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · 2014 Cite

Neuropsychological decline in schizophrenia from the premorbid to the postonset period: evidence from a population-representative longitudinal study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · January 2014 OBJECTIVE: Despite the widespread belief that neuropsychological decline is a cardinal feature of the progression from the premorbid stage to the chronic form of schizophrenia, few longitudinal studies have examined change in neuropsychological functioning ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: normative data in an English-speaking ethnic Chinese sample.

Journal Article Arch Clin Neuropsychol · December 2013 There is a dearth of non-Western normative data for neuropsychological batteries designed to measure cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we provide normative data for English-speaking ethnic Chinese on the widely used Brief Assessment of Cognition i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microvascular abnormality in schizophrenia as shown by retinal imaging.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · December 2013 OBJECTIVE: Retinal and cerebral microvessels are structurally and functionally homologous, but unlike cerebral microvessels, retinal microvessels can be noninvasively measured in vivo by retinal imaging. The authors tested the hypothesis that individuals w ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study (LYRIKS)--an Asian UHR perspective.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 2013 Numerous studies have been published on the psychosis prodrome and have explored a wide array of its many aspects. However, the set of risk factors identified by these various efforts is not homogenous across studies. This could be due to unique population ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unraveling the relationship between obesity, schizophrenia and cognition.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 2013 INTRODUCTION: Previous studies investigating the relationship between obesity and cognition as well as gender differences in these relationships reported equivocal results. Here, we examined age, years of education, schizophrenia, and gender differences wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preserved working memory and altered brain activation in persons at risk for psychosis.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impairments in working memory that often appear in attenuated form in persons at high risk for the illness. The authors hypothesized that deviations in task-related brain activation and deactivation would occu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: Familial neuropsychological deficits are well established in schizophrenia but remain less well characterized in other psychotic disorders. This study from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium 1) compa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social cognition as a mediator between neurocognition and functional outcome in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2013 In schizophrenia, neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome are all inter-related, with social cognition mediating the impact that impaired neurocognition has on functional outcome. Less clear is the nature of the relationship between neuroco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Issues and perspectives in designing clinical trials for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2013 A number of pharmacological agents for treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia are currently in development. Unresolved questions regarding the design of clinical trials in this area were discussed at an international meeting in Florence, Italy in Apri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Schizophrenia is a cognitive illness: time for a change in focus.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · October 2013 Schizophrenia is currently classified as a psychotic disorder. This article posits that this emphasis on psychosis is a conceptual fallacy that has greatly contributed to the lack of progress in our understanding of this illness and hence has hampered the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of davunetide on N-acetylaspartate and choline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · June 2013 Schizophrenia is associated with extensive neurocognitive and behavioral impairments. Studies indicate that N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, and choline, a marker of cell membrane turnover and white matter integrity, may be altered ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defining a clinically meaningful effect for the design and interpretation of randomized controlled trials

Journal Article Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience · May 1, 2013 Objective: This article captures the proceedings of a meeting aimed at defining clinically meaningful effects for use in randomized controlled trials for psychopharmacological agents. Design: Experts from a variety of disciplines defined clinically meaning ... Cite

How specific are negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia? An analysis of PANSS and SCoRS.

Journal Article Cogn Neuropsychiatry · May 2013 INTRODUCTION: Interview-based scales can be used as coprimary measures to complement the assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. One major question that arises from the use of such tools is how specific they are in relation to other psychopath ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interview-based assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: applicability of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) in different phases of illness and settings of care.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 2013 INTRODUCTION: The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), an interview-based assessment of cognition, has proved to be a valid measure of cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to analyze the vali ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and cognition in schizophrenia: analysis of the CATIE data.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · May 2013 INTRODUCTION: Antipsychotic drugs exert antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, effects of D2 receptor blockade on neurocognitive function still remain to be elucidated. The objective of this anal ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI): reliability and validity of a brief interview-based measure of cognition.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · May 2013 OBJECTIVE: To obtain Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia, a drug will need to demonstrate benefits beyond those that may be documented on objective cognitive tests. Interview-based ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defining a clinically meaningful effect for the design and interpretation of randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article Innov Clin Neurosci · May 2013 OBJECTIVE: This article captures the proceedings of a meeting aimed at defining clinically meaningful effects for use in randomized controlled trials for psychopharmacological agents. DESIGN: Experts from a variety of disciplines defined clinically meaning ... Link to item Cite

The course of cognitive functioning over six months in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · April 30, 2013 Cognitive impairment is common in psychosis and has recently been observed in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize longitudinal change in cognition among CHR individuals, and compare ... Full text Link to item Cite

Formulation of the age-education index: measuring age and education effects in neuropsychological performance.

Journal Article Psychol Assess · March 2013 The complex interplay of education, age, and cognitive performance on various neuropsychological tests is examined in the current study. New education indices were formulated and further investigated to reveal how age and education variances work together ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far?

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · March 2013 In light of the number of studies conducted to examine the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), we critically reviewed recent CIAS trials. Trials were identified through searches of the website "www.clinicaltrials.gov" us ... Full text Link to item Cite

A brain-computer interface based cognitive training system for healthy elderly: a randomized control pilot study for usability and preliminary efficacy.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 UNLABELLED: Cognitive decline in aging is a pressing issue associated with significant healthcare costs and deterioration in quality of life. Previously, we reported the successful use of a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) training system in improving ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of milnacipran on neurocognition, pain, and fatigue in fibromyalgia: a 13-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Journal Article Prim Care Companion CNS Disord · 2013 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether milnacipran is safe and effective in improving cognitive function in patients with fibromyalgia. METHOD: Patients were randomly assigned to receive milnacipran or placebo for 6 weeks, followed by a 1-week washout and then ... Full text Link to item Cite

Applicability of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery in Singapore.

Journal Article Clin Neuropsychol · 2013 The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to provide a reliable, valid, and standard battery for clinical trials on cognitive enhancers in schizophrenia. In this study we tested the applicability of the MCCB to Singapore's English speake ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a clinician questionnaire to assess reasons for antipsychotic discontinuation and continuation among patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 30, 2012 The Reasons for Antipsychotic Discontinuation Questionnaire (RAD-Q) was designed to assess clinicians' perceptions of reasons for antipsychotic discontinuation or continuation. The current study examined psychometric properties of this instrument and patte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Standardizing the use of the Continuous Performance Test in schizophrenia research: a validation study.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 2012 BACKGROUND: The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) has emerged as the most commonly administered measure of sustained attention, but use of discrepant versions reduces the ability of researchers and clinicians to accurately draw cross-study conclusions. In ... Full text Link to item Cite

Technology, society, and mental illness: Challenges and opportunities for assessment and treatment

Journal Article Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience · December 1, 2012 Technology is rapidly changing society, and many activities now require the ability to use technology. This situation has the potential to lead to problems for several populations, including the elderly, the disadvantaged, and people with severe mental ill ... Cite

Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 2, 2012 Recent reports show that fewer adolescents believe that regular cannabis use is harmful to health. Concomitantly, adolescents are initiating cannabis use at younger ages, and more adolescents are using cannabis on a daily basis. The purpose of the present ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bl-1020, a new γ-aminobutyric acid-enhanced antipsychotic: results of 6-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled, efficacy and safety study.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · September 2012 OBJECTIVE: BL-1020 is a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enhanced antipsychotic that combines dopamine antagonism with GABA agonist activity. On the basis of animal models, we tested the hypotheses that BL-1020 would be effective in ameliorating both psychotic s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility and pilot efficacy results from the multisite Cognitive Remediation in the Schizophrenia Trials Network (CRSTN) randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · July 2012 BACKGROUND: The true benefit of pharmacologic intervention to improve cognition in schizophrenia may not be evident without regular cognitive enrichment. Clinical trials assessing the neurocognitive effects of new medications may require engagement in cogn ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol vs. placebo added on to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · June 2012 Adenosine agonists produce behavioral effects similar to dopamine antagonists, hence increasing adenosine levels might improve symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis is supported by three single-site studies indicating that allopurinol, which increases ... Full text Link to item Cite

Poster #143 AT RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS: THE ROLE OF COGNITION

Conference Schizophrenia Research · April 2012 Full text Cite

Effect of the neuroprotective peptide davunetide (AL-108) on cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · April 2012 BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is a key predictor of functional disability in schizophrenia. Davunetide (AL-108, NAP) is an intranasally administered peptide currently being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. This stud ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Handb Exp Pharmacol · 2012 Cognitive functioning is moderately to severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia. This impairment is the prime driver of the significant disabilities in occupational, social, and economic functioning in patients with schizophrenia and an important t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a patient interview for assessing reasons for antipsychotic discontinuation and continuation.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2012 INTRODUCTION: The Reasons for Antipsychotic Discontinuation Interview (RAD-I) was developed to assess patients' perceptions of reasons for discontinuing or continuing an antipsychotic. The current study examined reliability and validity of domain scores re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Criminal justice system involvement among people with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Community Ment Health J · December 2011 There is growing concern that people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses are increasingly at risk for unnecessary criminal justice system (CJS) involvement. There has been limited examination, however, of which individual characteristics p ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Singapore flagship programme in translational and clinical research in psychosis.

Journal Article Early Interv Psychiatry · November 2011 AIM: This paper describes the rationale, aims and development of the Singapore Translational and Clinical Research in Psychosis, which is a 5-year programme. METHODS: The authors provide a selective review of the pertinent findings from the clinical, neuro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Substance use and schizophrenia: adverse correlates in the CATIE study sample.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2011 OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between severity of illicit substance use at the time of study entry in a sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 18-month longitudinal outcomes, including psychopathology, depression, neurocognit ... Full text Link to item Cite

The FDA-NIMH-MATRICS guidelines for clinical trial design of cognitive-enhancing drugs: what do we know 5 years later?

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · November 2011 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) clinical trial guidelines for cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia and the MATRICS Co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Report from the working group conference on multisite trial design for cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · September 2011 The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Project and related efforts have stimulated the initiation of several studies of pharmacologic treatments for cognitive impair ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with Alzheimer's disease: outcomes from CATIE-AD.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · August 2011 OBJECTIVE: The impact of the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease is unclear. The authors assessed the effects of time and treatment on neuropsychological functioning during the C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal consent-related abilities among research participants with schizophrenia: results from the CATIE study.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2011 OBJECTIVE: Research participants must have adequate consent-related abilities to provide informed consent at the time of study enrollment. We sought to determine if research participants with schizophrenia maintain adequate consent-related abilities during ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery in patients with bipolar I disorder.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · July 2011 The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative was devised to identify a neurocognitive battery to be used in clinical trials targeting cognition in schizophrenia, a process, which resulted in the MATRICS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive model of how reality distortion and symptoms occur in schizophrenia: could impairment in learning-dependent predictive perception account for the manifestations of schizophrenia?

Journal Article Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · June 2011 Conventional wisdom has not laid out a clear and uniform profile of schizophrenia as a unitary entity. One of the key first steps in elucidating the neurobiology of this entity would be to characterize the essential and common elements in the group of enti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Integrated genetic and genomic approach in the SingaporeTranslational and Clinical Research in Psychosis Study: an overview.

Journal Article Early Interv Psychiatry · May 2011 AIMS: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with onset frequently in adolescence and followed by a chronic and disabling course. Although the exact pathophysiology of this devastating disorder has not been clearly elucidated, a large part of it has bee ... Full text Link to item Cite

A brief cognitive assessment tool for schizophrenia: construction of a tool for clinicians.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · May 2011 Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is often severe, enduring, and contributes significantly to chronic disability. But clinicians have difficulty in assessing cognition due to a lack of brief instruments. We evaluated whether a brief battery of cognitiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance and interview-based assessments of cognitive change in a randomized, double-blind comparison of lurasidone vs. ziprasidone.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · April 2011 BACKGROUND: Improving cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia is a major treatment goal. In addition, interview-based measures have been developed to supplement performance-based assessments. However, few data are available regarding whether int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment outcomes of patients with tardive dyskinesia and chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · March 2011 OBJECTIVE: We compared the response to antipsychotic treatment between patients with and without tardive dyskinesia (TD) and examined the course of TD. METHOD: This analysis compared 200 patients with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia and TD and 997 patients wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bifactor and item response theory analyses of interviewer report scales of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychol Assess · March 2011 A psychometric analysis of 2 interview-based measures of cognitive deficits was conducted: the 21-item Clinical Global Impression of Cognition in Schizophrenia (CGI-CogS; Ventura et al., 2008), and the 20-item Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS; K ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methodological issues in negative symptom trials.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · March 2011 Individuals from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and the US Food and Drug Administration used a workshop format to discuss important methodological issues in the design of trials of pharmacological agents for improving negative symptoms in schizophr ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MCCB impairment profile for schizophrenia outpatients: results from the MATRICS psychometric and standardization study.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 2011 The MATRICS Psychometric and Standardization Study was conducted as a final stage in the development of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The study included 176 persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 300 community resident ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spanish validation of the Brief Assessment in Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Journal Article Eur Psychiatry · March 2011 Neurocognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and is closely associated with functional outcome. The importance of cognitive assessment is broadly accepted today, and an easy-to-use, internationality validated cognitive assessment tool is ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized clinical trial of MK-0777 for the treatment of cognitive impairments in people with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · March 1, 2011 BACKGROUND: In a previous pilot study, MK-0777--a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) α2/α3 partial agonist--was reported to improve delayed memory and cognitive measures of prefrontal cortical function in people with schizophrenia. The current study was designe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the German version of the brief assessment of cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) - preliminary results.

Journal Article Eur Psychiatry · March 2011 The German version of the BACS showed high test-retest reliability. Sensitivity and specificity scores demonstrated good ability to differentiate between patients and controls. The study suggests that the German Version of the BACS is a useful scale to eva ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characteristics of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery in a 29-site antipsychotic schizophrenia clinical trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2011 OBJECTIVE: The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Project produced a battery of tests, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), designed to assess cognitive treatment effects in clinical trials of pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hierarchical temporal processing deficit model of reality distortion and psychoses.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · February 2011 We posit in this article that hierarchical temporal processing deficit is the underlying basis of reality distortion and psychoses. Schizophrenia is a prototypical reality distortion disorder in which the patient manifests with auditory hallucinations, del ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide pharmacogenomic study of neurocognition as an indicator of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · February 2011 Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and, therefore, represent potentially critical outcome variables for assessing antipsychotic treatment response. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with 492K single nucleotide pol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Armodafinil as adjunctive therapy in adults with cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia: a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · November 2010 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of armodafinil, the longer-lasting isomer of modafinil, as adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: This 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reasons for discontinuation and continuation of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia from patient and clinician perspectives.

Journal Article Curr Med Res Opin · October 2010 OBJECTIVE: To identify reasons for discontinuation and continuation of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia from the patients' and their clinicians' perspectives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two measures were previously developed to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive and behavioral dysfunction under ionizing radiation exposure

Conference International Journal of Psychophysiology · September 2010 Full text Cite

The Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI): development and validation of an empirically derived, brief interview-based measure of cognition.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 2010 BACKGROUND: Practical, reliable "real world" measures of cognition are needed to supplement neurocognitive performance data to evaluate possible efficacy of new drugs targeting cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Because interview-based measu ... Full text Link to item Cite

No association of the serotonin transporter polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR and RS25531 with schizophrenia or neurocognition.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet · July 2010 A promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene has been widely studied in neuropsychiatry. We genotyped the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 triallelic polymorphism in 728 schizophrenia cases from the CATIE study and 724 control subjects. In a logistic regressi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale: validation of an interview-based assessment of cognitive functioning in Asian patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · June 30, 2010 Growing interest in cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia has led to the need for a clinician-friendly cognitive instrument. The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), recognized for its brevity and ease of administration, has proven to b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cortical and subcortical white matter abnormalities in adults with remitted first-episode mania revealed by Tract-Based Spatial Statistics.

Journal Article Bipolar Disord · June 2010 OBJECTIVES: Abnormalities of brain white matter have been noted in structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of bipolar disorder, but there are fewer investigations specifically examining white matter integrity early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychology of the prodrome to psychosis in the NAPLS consortium: relationship to family history and conversion to psychosis.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · June 2010 CONTEXT: Early detection and prospective evaluation of clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals who may develop schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders is critical for predicting psychosis onset and for testing preventive interventions. OBJECTIVES: To eluci ... Full text Link to item Cite

DSM-V: NEW PARADIGMS AND OTHER CONTROVERSIES

Conference Schizophrenia Research · April 2010 Full text Cite

Etiological and clinical features of childhood psychotic symptoms: results from a birth cohort.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · April 2010 CONTEXT: It has been reported that childhood psychotic symptoms are common in the general population and may signal neurodevelopmental processes that lead to schizophrenia. However, it is not clear whether these symptoms are associated with the same extens ... Full text Link to item Cite

Circumstances under which practice does not make perfect: a review of the practice effect literature in schizophrenia and its relevance to clinical treatment studies.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · April 2010 In this article, we review the literature on practice effects in schizophrenia, an underappreciated confound in interpreting cognitive improvement in clinical trials. We first examine claims regarding first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications ... Full text Link to item Cite

Static and dynamic cognitive deficits in childhood preceding adult schizophrenia: a 30-year study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2010 OBJECTIVE: Premorbid cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well documented and have been interpreted as supporting a neurodevelopmental etiological model. The authors investigated the following three unresolved questions about premorbid cognitive deficit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognition

Journal Article · January 1, 2010 Neurocognition is commonly impaired in patients with schizophrenia in all stages of the illness and varying levels of severity. While these impairments may appear prior to the onset of psychosis, their severity in chronic schizophrenia patients is about 1. ... Full text Cite

HOW SHOULD DSM-V CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA INCLUDE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT?

Conference DECONSTRUCTING PSYCHOSIS: REFINING THE RESEARCH AGENDA FOR DSM-V · January 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

Differential effects of emotional information on interference task performance across the life span.

Journal Article Front Aging Neurosci · 2010 While functioning in multiple domains declines with age, emotional regulation appears to remain preserved in older adults. The Emotion Inhibition (Emotional Stroop) Test requires participants to name the ink color in which neutrally and emotionally valence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder

Journal Article Psychiatric Times · December 1, 2009 Cite

The effects of antipsychotic medications on emotion perception in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATIE trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · November 2009 Few pharmacological intervention studies have examined the impact of medication on social cognition, particularly emotion perception. The goal of this randomized, double-blind study is to compare the effects of several second generation antipsychotics and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Memory-prediction errors and their consequences in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychol Rev · September 2009 Cognitive deficits play a central role in the onset of schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment precedes the onset of psychosis in at least a subgroup of patients, and accounts for considerable dysfunction. Yet cognitive deficits as currently measured are not s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships among neurocognition, symptoms and functioning in patients with schizophrenia: a path-analytic approach for associations at baseline and following 24 weeks of antipsychotic drug therapy.

Journal Article BMC Psychiatry · July 14, 2009 BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms have been associated with deficits in psychosocial and occupational functioning in patients with schizophrenia. This post-hoc analysis evaluates the relationships among cognition, psychopatholo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosteroid pregnenolone targeting cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · July 2009 The neurosteroid pregnenolone and its sulfated derivative enhance learning and memory in rodents. Pregnenolone sulfate also positively modulates NMDA receptors and could thus ameliorate hypothesized NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. Furthermore, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic response in the CATIE trial: a candidate gene analysis.

Journal Article Eur J Hum Genet · July 2009 The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Phase 1 Schizophrenia trial compared the effectiveness of one typical and four atypical antipsychotic medications. Although trials such as CATIE present important opportunities for pha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive effects of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: a randomized, open-label clinical trial (EUFEST).

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · June 2009 OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment, manifested as mild to moderate deviations from psychometric norms, is present in many but not all schizophrenia patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of haloperidol with that of second-generat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Schizophrenia is a disorder of higher order hierarchical processing.

Journal Article Med Hypotheses · June 2009 Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the patient manifests with auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking. It is associated with significant social dysfunction. There are many hypotheses regarding s ... Full text Link to item Cite

White matter abnormalities and neurocognitive deficits associated with the passivity phenomenon in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · May 15, 2009 The passivity phenomenon is a distressing Schneiderian first rank symptom in patients with schizophrenia. Based on extant data of functional and structural cerebral changes underlying passivity, we sought to examine cerebral white matter integrity in our s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abbreviated neuropsychological assessment in schizophrenia: prediction of different aspects of outcome.

Journal Article J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · May 2009 The aim of this study was to identify the best subset of neuropsychological tests for prediction of several different aspects of functioning in a large (n = 236) sample of older people with schizophrenia. While the validity of abbreviated assessment method ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychosocial factors in the neurobiology of schizophrenia: a selective review.

Journal Article Ann Acad Med Singap · May 2009 AIM: Various forms of social adversity have been implicated in the development and emergence of psychosis. However, how and when these events exert their influences are not clear. In this paper, we attempt to examine these putative psychosocial factors and ... Link to item Cite

Measuring memory-prediction errors and their consequences in youth at risk for schizophrenia.

Journal Article Ann Acad Med Singap · May 2009 The largely consistent columnar circuitry observed throughout the cortex may serve to continuously predict bottom-up activation based on invariant memories. This "memory-prediction" function is essential to efficient and accurate perception. Many of the de ... Link to item Cite

NEUROSTEROIDS AS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PTSD

Journal Article SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN · March 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

A genome-wide investigation of SNPs and CNVs in schizophrenia.

Journal Article PLoS Genet · February 2009 We report a genome-wide assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) in schizophrenia. We investigated SNPs using 871 patients and 863 controls, following up the top hits in four independent cohorts comprising 1,460 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and psychometric performance of the schizophrenia objective functioning instrument: an interviewer administered measure of function.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 2009 Existing measures for functional assessment do not adequately address the relationship between cognitive impairment and function. The Schizophrenia Outcomes Functioning Interview (SOFI) was developed to measure community functioning related to cognitive im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Results of phase 3 of the CATIE schizophrenia trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · January 2009 OBJECTIVE: The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study examined the comparative effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments for individuals with chronic schizophrenia. Patients who had discontinued antipsychotic treatment in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increasing sensitivity of early detection of psychosis with cognitive measures

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE · January 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

AKT1 and neurocognition in schizophrenia (vol 41, pg 169, 2007)

Journal Article AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY · January 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

The neuregulin 1 promoter polymorphism rs6994992 is not associated with chronic schizophrenia or neurocognition.

Journal Article Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet · October 5, 2008 The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6994992 has shown association with decreased activation of frontal and temporal lobe regions, increased risk of psychosis, and decreased premorbid IQ. This SNP is part of a putative sc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in a randomised trial.

Journal Article Br J Psychiatry · October 2008 BACKGROUND: There are claims that second-generation antipsychotics produce fewer extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) compared with first-generation drugs. AIMS: To compare the incidence of treatment-emergent EPS between second-generation antipsychotics and p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological course in the prodrome and first episode of psychosis: findings from the PRIME North America Double Blind Treatment Study.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · October 2008 OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty regarding the onset timing of the cognitive deficiencies of schizophrenia. We investigated whether conversion to psychosis and/or olanzapine altered the neuropsychological course of subjects within the first-ever double blin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of cognition and psychopathology to functional impairment in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · August 2008 OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the association of neurocognition and symptoms with measures of social and occupational functioning in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). METHOD: CATIE was an 18-month study of individua ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation considerations for multisite clinical trials with cognitive neuroscience tasks.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · July 2008 Multisite clinical trials aimed at cognitive enhancement across various neuropsychiatric conditions have employed standard neuropsychological tests as outcome measures. While these tests have enjoyed wide clinical use and have proven reliable and predictiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Norms and standardization of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).

Journal Article Schizophr Res · July 2008 According to the recommendations of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Neurocognition Committee, one of the desired characteristics of a cognitive battery for assessing cognition in schizophrenia studies ... Full text Link to item Cite

What CATIE found: results from the schizophrenia trial.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · May 2008 The authors provide an overview of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health. CATIE was designed to compare a proxy first-generation antipsychotic, perphenazine, to several ... Full text Link to item Cite

Science and recovery in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · May 2008 Mental health advocates and policy makers are increasingly attuned to the importance of the recovery concept, and psychiatrists and neuroscientists increasingly emphasize the medical model and neurobiological mechanisms in relation to schizophrenia. Studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: significant placebo/practice effects in a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · May 2008 Altered expression of central muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal and cortical regions may contribute to the cognitive impairment exhibited in patients with schizophrenia. Increasing cholinergic activity through the use of a cho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Employment outcomes in a randomized trial of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia.

Journal Article J Behav Health Serv Res · April 2008 Employment has been increasingly recognized as an important goal for individuals with schizophrenia. Previous research has shown mixed results on the relationship of specific antipsychotic medications to employment outcomes, with some studies finding great ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficiency of the CATIE and BACS neuropsychological batteries in assessing cognitive effects of antipsychotic treatments in schizophrenia.

Journal Article J Int Neuropsychol Soc · March 2008 Efficient and reliable assessments of cognitive treatment effects are essential for the comparative evaluation of procognitive effects of pharmacologic therapies. Yet, no studies have addressed the sensitivity and efficiency with which neurocognitive batte ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 2: co-norming and standardization.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: The consensus cognitive battery developed by the National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH's) Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative includes 10 independently developed tests that are reco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional co-primary measures for clinical trials in schizophrenia: results from the MATRICS Psychometric and Standardization Study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: During the consensus meetings of the National Institute of Mental Health Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (NIMH-MATRICS) Initiative, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration took the position that a drug for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Should cognitive impairment be included in the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

Journal Article World Psychiatry · February 2008 Neurocognitive impairment is considered a core component of schizophrenia, and is increasingly under investigation as a potential treatment target. On average, cognitive impairment is severe to moderately severe compared to healthy controls, and almost all ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: The lack of an accepted standard for measuring cognitive change in schizophrenia has been a major obstacle to regulatory approval of cognition-enhancing treatments. A primary mandate of the National Institute of Mental Health's Measurement and T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lamotrigine as add-on therapy in schizophrenia: results of 2 placebo-controlled trials.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · December 2007 OBJECTIVE: : Lamotrigine previously was found to attenuate ketamine-induced behavioral changes and, in 2 placebo-controlled trials, to improve psychosis when added to antipsychotic medication. We sought to evaluate the potential role of lamotrigine augment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr. Keefe and colleagues reply

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · December 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: validation of the Japanese version.

Journal Article Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · December 2007 This preliminary study was performed to test the reliability and validity of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) as an assessment tool in a Japanese-language version (BACS-J). The subjects for the present study were 30 outpatients wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the French version of the BACS (the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia) among 50 French schizophrenic patients.

Journal Article Eur Psychiatry · September 2007 Schizophrenic patients demonstrate impairments in several key dimensions of cognition. These impairments are correlated with important aspects of functional outcome. While assessment of these cognition disorders is increasingly becoming a part of clinical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognition as an outcome measure in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Br J Psychiatry Suppl · August 2007 BACKGROUND: Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. These deficits are not caused by medication or symptoms, and have a dramatic negative effect on real-world functioning. AIMS: To critically examine a selection of the most common batteries ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risperidone and cognitive function in children with disruptive behavior disorders.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · August 1, 2007 BACKGROUND: Effects of risperidone on cognitive function in children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and subaverage intelligence quotient (IQ) were assessed. METHODS: Data from two 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (n = 228) were c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · July 2007 OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to compare the effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in patients with early psychosis. METHOD: In a 52-week double-blind, multicenter study, 400 patients early in the course of psychotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

How should DSM-V criteria for schizophrenia include cognitive impairment?

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · July 2007 Neurocognitive impairment is considered a core component of schizophrenia and is increasingly under investigation as a potential treatment target. On average, cognitive impairment is severe to moderately severe compared with healthy controls, and almost al ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive effects of antipsychotic medications in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATIE Trial.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · June 2007 CONTEXT: Neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia is severe and is an important predictor of functional outcome. The relative effect of the second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs and older agents on neurocognition has not been comprehensively d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Second-generation antipsychotics: reviewing the cost-effectiveness component of the CATIE trial.

Journal Article Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res · April 2007 The cost-effectiveness component of the 18-month CATIE trial of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy (n = 1460) showed that the first-generation antipsychotic perphenazine was US$300-600 per month less expensive than each of four second-generation antipsychotics, ... Full text Link to item Cite

NCAM1 and neurocognition in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 1, 2007 BACKGROUND: Alterations in neurocognition may be fundamental to schizophrenia and may be endophenotypes. Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1, aliases NCAM and CD56) may be a candidate gene for schizophrenia or for neurocognition in schizophrenia as supp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr. Rosenheck and Colleagues Reply

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · April 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia after discontinuing perphenazine: a CATIE study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · March 2007 OBJECTIVE: The relative effectiveness of newly started antipsychotic drugs for individuals with schizophrenia may depend on multiple factors, including each patient's previous treatment response and the reason for a new medication trial. This randomized, d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of antipsychotic medications on psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · March 2007 OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relative effects of the second-generation antipsychotic drugs and an older representative agent on psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: Consenting patients were enrolled in the NIMH Cli ... Full text Link to item Cite

AKT1 and neurocognition in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Aust N Z J Psychiatry · February 2007 OBJECTIVE: Previous research has shown conflicting results for the significance of five v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the aetiology of schizophrenia. Neurocognition is a plausible endophenoty ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity and applicability of the Brazilian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).

Journal Article Dement Neuropsychol · 2007 UNLABELLED: Cognitive assessment in schizophrenia has traditionally used batteries that are long and complex or differ widely in their content. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) has been developed to cover the main cognitive deficit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr. Rosenheck and colleagues reply [2]

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · January 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia: effects and treatment.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · 2007 The average patient with schizophrenia performs on cognitive tests at the lowest 5% to 10% of the general population. Cognitive impairments impact patients on virtually every aspect of functioning, interfere with patients' ability to engage in real-world t ... Link to item Cite

Cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · December 2006 BACKGROUND: Second-generation antipsychotics have largely replaced first-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, but a large-scale cost/effectiveness analysis has not been attempted. METHOD: Patients with schizophrenia (N=1,493) were ... Full text Link to item Cite

A longitudinal study of neurocognitive function in individuals at-risk for psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 2006 INTRODUCTION: Clinically defined prodromal diagnostic criteria identify at-risk individuals with a 35-40% likelihood of developing a psychotic disorder within a year. The time course and predictive value of cognitive deficits in the development of psychosi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Insight in first-episode psychosis.

Journal Article Psychol Med · October 2006 BACKGROUND: We report here a study examining the relationships between insight and psychopathology, cognitive performance, brain volume and co-morbid depression in 251 patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis, who were then randomly assigned to 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Baseline neurocognitive deficits in the CATIE schizophrenia trial.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · September 2006 Neurocognition is moderately to severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia. However, the factor structure of the various neurocognitive deficits, the relationship with symptoms and other variables, and the minimum amount of testing required to determ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interrelationships of psychiatric symptom severity, medical comorbidity, and functioning in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · August 2006 OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the interrelationships of psychiatric symptom severity, medical comorbidity, and psychosocial functioning in a sample of patients with schizophrenia by utilizing the baseline data from the Clinical An ... Full text Link to item Cite

Baseline use of concomitant psychotropic medications to treat schizophrenia in the CATIE trial.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · August 2006 OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of concomitant psychotropic medications and use of anticholinergic drugs to treat schizophrenia. METHODS: Concomitant medication use was studied at baseline for participants in the Clinical Antip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Missing the sweet spot disengagement in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatry (Edgmont) · July 2006 The extent to which an individual engages in a cognitive task is associated with performance in laboratory settings(1) and a variety of domains of functioning, such as athletic activity and artistic expression.(2) The neural circuitry associated with task ... Link to item Cite

Optimization of a multinomial model for investigating hallucinations and delusions with source monitoring.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · July 2006 Studies of source monitoring have played an important role in cognitive investigations of the inner/outer confusions that characterize hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenia, and multinomial modelling is a statistical/cognitive modelling technique t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measures of cognitive change in schizophrenia clinical trials

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · July 1, 2006 Link to item Cite

Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · April 2006 OBJECTIVE: When a schizophrenia patient has an inadequate response to treatment with an antipsychotic drug, it is unclear what other antipsychotic to switch to and when to use clozapine. In this study, the authors compared switching to clozapine with switc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · April 2006 BACKGROUND: In the treatment of schizophrenia, changing antipsychotics is common when one treatment is suboptimally effective, but the relative effectiveness of drugs used in this strategy is unknown. This randomized, double-blind study compared olanzapine ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale: an interview-based assessment and its relationship to cognition, real-world functioning, and functional capacity.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · March 2006 OBJECTIVE: Interview-based measures of cognition may serve as potential coprimary measures in clinical trials of cognitive-enhancing drugs for schizophrenia. However, there is no such valid scale available. Interviews of patients and their clinicians are n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr. Lieberman and Colleagues reply [17]

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · March 1, 2006 Cite

Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · March 2006 OBJECTIVE: There is growing interest in identifying and surmounting barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia. The authors examined factors associated with participation in competitive employment or other vocational activities in a large group o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of antipsychotic medication adherence in patients recovering from a first psychotic episode.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 2006 BACKGROUND: Many patients recovering from a first psychotic episode will discontinue medication against medical advice, even before a 1-year treatment course is completed. Factors associated with treatment adherence in patients with chronic schizophrenia i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dr. Lieberman and Colleagues Reply

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · March 1, 2006 Full text Cite

The relationship of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to functional capacity and real-world functional outcome.

Journal Article J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · February 2006 The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) assesses five different domains of cognitive function with six tests, and takes about 30-35 minutes to complete in patients with schizophrenia. Previous work has demonstrated the reliability of this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term neurocognitive effects of olanzapine or low-dose haloperidol in first-episode psychosis.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · January 15, 2006 BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive deficits are severe in first-episode psychosis. METHODS: Patients (N = 263) with first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorders) were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with olanza ... Full text Link to item Cite

One-year double-blind study of the neurocognitive efficacy of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · January 1, 2006 Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia can reach 1 to 2 standard deviations below healthy controls. The comparative effect of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications on neurocognition is controversial, and based primarily on studies with small sam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 1, 2005 OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical characteristics of individuals with schizophrenia that develop tardive dyskinesia (TD) associated with antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: Baseline data on 1460 patients with schizophrenia were collected as part of the Clin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Altered prefrontal dopaminergic function in chronic recreational ketamine users.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · December 2005 OBJECTIVE: Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that is used in human and animal medicine as an injectable anesthetic. The illegal use of ketamine as a recreational drug is rapidly growing. Very ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measuring outcome priorities and preferences in people with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Br J Psychiatry · December 2005 BACKGROUND: Measures have not taken account of the relative importance patients place on various outcomes. AIMS: To construct and evaluate a multidimensional, preference-weighted mental health index. METHOD: Each of over 1200 patients identified the relati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decision-making capacity for research participation among individuals in the CATIE schizophrenia trial.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 1, 2005 OBJECTIVE: Uncertainty regarding the degree to which persons with schizophrenia may lack decision-making capacity, and what the predictors of capacity may be led us to examine the relationship between psychopathology, neurocognitive functioning, and decisi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials Of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Schizophrenia Trial: clinical comparison of subgroups with and without the metabolic syndrome.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · December 1, 2005 UNLABELLED: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia (current estimates 35-40%), yet no data exist on the correlation of this diagnosis with illness severity, neurocognitive or quality of life measures in this popul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality of life during treatment with haloperidol or olanzapine in the year following a first psychotic episode.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · October 15, 2005 OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia causes significant impairments of quality of life. As treatment approaches have advanced, more attention has been given to re-integrating patients into their psychosocial environments, rather than simply monitoring psychotic sympt ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · September 22, 2005 BACKGROUND: The relative effectiveness of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs as compared with that of older agents has been incompletely addressed, though newer agents are currently used far more commonly. We compared a first-generation antip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Research with spanish-speaking populations in the United States: lost in the translation. A commentary and a plea.

Journal Article J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · July 2005 Verbal material used to assess the cognitive abilities of Spanish-speakers in the the United States is frequently of linguistically unacceptable quality. The use of these materials in research settings is thought to pose a serious threat to test validity a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · April 2005 BACKGROUND: Pathomorphologic brain changes occurring as early as first-episode schizophrenia have been extensively described. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that these changes may be progressive and associated with clinical outcome. This raises the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · March 15, 2005 BACKGROUND: Although cognitive impairment is described as a core component of the characterization of schizophrenia, a sizable percentage of patients are classified as unimpaired by traditional definitions of impairment. The purpose of this study was to de ... Full text Link to item Cite

A summary of the FDA-NIMH-MATRICS workshop on clinical trial design for neurocognitive drugs for schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · January 2005 OBJECTIVE: On April 23, 2004, a joint meeting of the FDA, NIMH, MATRICS investigators, and experts from academia and the pharmaceutical industry was convened to develop guidelines for the design of clinical trials of cognitive-enhancing drugs for neurocogn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Approaching a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials in schizophrenia: the NIMH-MATRICS conference to select cognitive domains and test criteria.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · September 1, 2004 To stimulate the development of new drugs for the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) established the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative. This articl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is cognitive improvement with antipsychotic treatment pseudospecific?

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · June 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Can the panss cognitive factor be a valid surrogate for neurocognition in schizophrenia?

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · June 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia: reliability, sensitivity, and comparison with a standard neurocognitive battery.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · June 1, 2004 Studies of neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia use widely variable assessment techniques. Clinical trials assessing the cognitive enhancing effect of new medications have used neurocognitive assessment batteries that differed in content, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · June 2004 OBJECTIVE: The effect of antipsychotic medication on neurocognitive function remains controversial, especially since most previous work has compared the effects of novel antipsychotic medications with those of high doses of conventional medications. This s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of cognitive deficits in first episode schizophrenia

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · June 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Cognition as a key to alliance, adherence, and functional outcomes

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · June 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological status of subjects at high risk for a first episode of psychosis.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · April 1, 2004 Thirty-six subjects aged 16 years or older judged at risk for a first episode of psychosis within a North American multi-site study of the schizophrenia prodrome [McGlashan et al., Schizophr. Res. (2003); Miller et al., Schizophr. Res. (2003)] performed at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognition and the concept of schizotaxia

Conference EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY · April 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: a consensus statement on its role in the definition and evaluation of effective treatments for the illness.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · March 2004 BACKGROUND: Truly effective treatments for schizophrenia require much more than clinical efficacy. Symptom improvement is all that is required to demonstrate clinical efficacy. However, for a treatment to be effective in a wide-ranging manner, improvement ... Link to item Cite

Is cognitive improvement with antipsychotic treatment pseudospecific?

Conference SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH · February 15, 2004 Link to item Cite

The functional hurdle: Connecting through cognition

Conference SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH · February 15, 2004 Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive function in individuals "at-risk" for psychosis

Conference NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY · 2004 Cite

Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia

Conference BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY · 2004 Cite

Source monitoring improvement in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic medications.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2003 RATIONALE: The absence of a relationship between cognitive deficit treatment response and positive symptom treatment response is often assumed, and few data have shed light on this issue. Most of these data have been collected using standard neuropsycholog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project schizophrenia trial: development, methodology, and rationale.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · 2003 Patients with schizophrenia are severely impaired in crucial aspects of neurocognitive function. This impairment is the strongest clinical correlate of poor long-term outcome and adaptive dysfunction. Reports of neurocognitive enhancement with second gener ... Full text Link to item Cite

Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: multinomial modeling of data from three sources.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 1, 2002 INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia patients, particularly those with specific types of hallucinations and delusions, may have a deficit in monitoring the generation of thought. This deficit, termed autonoetic agnosia, may result in the conclusion that self-genera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder.

Journal Article Compr Psychiatry · 2002 Systematic research on delusional disorder (DD) is limited. The goal of this study was to assess DD patients in the following areas: sensory capacities, decision-making style, and complex reasoning. Ten DD patients and 10 matched normal controls completed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Studies of cognitive change in patients with schizophrenia following novel antipsychotic treatment.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2001 OBJECTIVE: Novel antipsychotic medications have been reported to have beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. However, these effects have been assessed in studies with considerable variation in methodology. A large numbe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Test-retest reliability of the dot test of visuospatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia and controls.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 29, 2000 To determine the test-retest reliability of the Dot Test of Visuospatial Working Memory, this task was administered to 29 patients with schizophrenia and 19 normal controls on two consecutive days. The test involved "copying" trials followed by "delay" rec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visuospatial working memory in schizotypal personality disorder patients.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 14, 2000 BACKGROUND: Cognitive processing deficits have been identified as an abnormality that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) individuals share with schizophrenic patients. It has been hypothesized that impaired working memory may be a critical component of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Source monitoring deficits in patients with schizophrenia; a multinomial modelling analysis.

Journal Article Psychol Med · July 1999 BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia patients, particularly those with symptoms such as thought insertion, passivity experiences and hallucinations, may share an underlying cognitive deficit in monitoring the generation of their own thoughts. This deficit, which has ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do novel antipsychotics improve cognition? A report of a meta-analysis

Journal Article Psychiatric Annals · January 1, 1999 Full text Cite

The effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs on neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · 1999 Cognitive deficits are a fundamental feature of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Yet the effect of treatment on this dimension of the illness has been unclear. Atypical antipsychotic medications have been reported to reduce the neurocognitive impairme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventricular enlargement in poor-outcome schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · June 1, 1998 BACKGROUND: A subset of patients with schizophrenia, defined on the basis of longitudinal deficits in self-care, may show a classic ("Kraepelinian") degenerative course. An independent validator of the phenomenologically defined Kraepelinian subtype might ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lifetime comorbidity, lifetime history of psychosis and suicide attempts, and current symptoms of patients with deteriorated affective disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 14, 1997 This study extends our prior research by examining the lifetime comorbidity, history of psychosis and suicide attempts, and current symptoms of an unusual group of patients with major affective disorders who have not only been symptomatic for prolonged per ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attentional and eye tracking deficits correlate with negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · August 29, 1997 Thirty patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed for severity of schizophrenic symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and were tested on a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and a smooth pursuit eye tracking task. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of patients with schizophrenia on a pen and paper visuospatial working memory task with short delay.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · July 25, 1997 Human and nonhuman primate data suggest that visuospatial working memory is mediated by a neural network that includes the prefrontal cortex. Simple working memory tasks are less complex than standard neuropsychological tests of frontal dysfunction. As suc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attentional functioning in schizotypal personality disorder.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · May 1997 OBJECTIVE: Previous research has shown biological, phenomenological, and cognitive similarities between schizophrenic patients and individuals with schizophrenia-related personality disorders and features. Evidence further suggests that of these common dys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eye tracking, attention, and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · February 1997 BACKGROUND: Biological relatives of patients with schizophrenia demonstrate an increased prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder symptoms, eye tracking deficits, and attentional disturbances. We investigated whether these hypothesized components of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and implications of atypical neuroleptic treatment

Journal Article CNS Spectrums · January 1, 1997 Cognitive impairment is considered a central feature of schizophrenia. Many aspects of cognition are impaired in schizophrenia. Careful evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and the other symptoms of schizophrenia has revealed several ... Full text Cite

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and implications of atypical neuroleptic treatment

Journal Article CNS Spectrums · 1997 Cognitive impairment is considered a central feature of schizophrenia. Many aspects of cognition are impaired in schizophrenia. Careful evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and the other symptoms of schizophrenia has revealed several ... Cite

Self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia: Autonoetic agnosia

Journal Article Schizophrenia Research · January 1997 Full text Cite

Empirical evaluation of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: effects of typical neuroleptics on the brief psychiatric rating scale.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · October 15, 1996 There has been little investigation of the effect of neuroleptic medication on the structure of symptoms in schizophrenia. In this study, 135 male schizophrenic patients were rated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) after 4 weeks of treatment w ... Full text Link to item Cite

The neuropsychology of schizophrenia - David,AS, Cutting,JC

Journal Article CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY · September 1, 1996 Link to item Cite

Clinical characteristics of Kraepelinian schizophrenia: replication and extension of previous findings.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · June 1996 OBJECTIVE: Subtypologies of schizophrenia based on cross-sectional criteria, such as the nomenclature of the DSMs, have not been successful in identifying valid diagnostic subgroups among patients with schizophrenia. A subtypology that uses criteria to cla ... Full text Link to item Cite

D-amphetamine challenge effects on Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Performance in schizotypal personality disorder.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · May 1996 The authors assessed the effects on Wisconsin Card Sort (WCST) performance and psychiatric symptoms of 30 mg d-amphetamine, a dopamine and norepinephrine agonist, vs placebo in nine patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Patients, particular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Information-processing markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: Performance of patients with schizotypal and nonschizotypal personality disorders

Journal Article Psychiatry Research · February 28, 1996 Deficits in performance on tests of information processing have been proposed to be markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia. Very few of the previous studies of these information-processing deficits, however, have examined subjects who have clinical diag ... Full text Cite

Demographics, family history, premorbid functioning, developmental characteristics, and course of patients with deteriorated affective disorder.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 1996 OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study examined the characteristics of a group of unusual and previously undescribed patients with major affective disorder who not only had been continuously symptomatic for prolonged periods of time but were also so functionall ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laboratory and clinical tests of spatial working memory

Conference SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH · February 1, 1996 Link to item Cite

Cognitive function and biological correlates of cognitive performance in schizotypal personality disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 29, 1995 There is evidence that some schizophrenic patients have deficits on tests of cognitive function, particularly tests of executive function, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Trail-making Test, Part B. This study was conducted to deter ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pen-and-paper human analogue of a monkey prefrontal cortex activation task: spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 1995 In order to pursue the hypothesis that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a source of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, we developed an easily administered pen-and-paper human analogue of a visuospatial working memory task that in non-human primates a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severity of symptoms in chronically institutionalized geriatric schizophrenic patients.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 1995 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to characterize the symptoms of geriatric, chronically ill, institutionalized schizophrenic patients and investigate age-related differences in schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive performance from early adulthood to l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · January 1995 OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated a broad range of memory functions for stimuli unrelated to trauma to determine whether symptoms such as intrusive memories might reflect an underlying cognitive deficit unrelated to the psychological content of the traum ... Full text Link to item Cite

The contribution of neuropsychology to psychiatry.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · January 1995 OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological test data are applied with increasing frequency in research studies and clinical practice in psychiatry. This article addresses three popular assumptions about neuropsychological test data and describes the limitations and con ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eye movement impairment and schizotypal psychopathology.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · August 1994 OBJECTIVE: Eye movement dysfunction in relation to a smooth pursuit task has been documented in schizophrenic patients and in patients with the related personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder. To investigate which quantitative measures are a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients on cognitive tests.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · July 1994 We tested 54 nonpsychotic first degree relatives of 23 schizophrenic probands and 18 control subjects matched for age and education on several neuropsychological tests. The tests were selected to assess overall intellectual ability or because previous work ... Full text Link to item Cite

Working memory dysfunction in Kraepelinian schizophrenics

Journal Article Biological Psychiatry · May 1994 Full text Cite

Neuroleptic effects on CPT and eye tracking in schizophrenia

Journal Article Biological Psychiatry · May 1994 Full text Cite

Neuropsychological correlates of central monoamine function in chronic schizophrenia: relationship between CSF metabolites and cognitive function.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · February 1994 Schizophrenia is associated with multiple cognitive deficits which in turn may be related to abnormal dopamine (DA) function. To examine possible associations between cognitive dysfunction and central DA activity in schizophrenia, neuropsychological measur ... Full text Link to item Cite

RISPERIDONE IN ELDERLY SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS

Conference SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH · 1994 Cite

The boundaries of schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychiatr Clin North Am · June 1993 Evidence from a variety of domains including the phenomenologic, genetic, psychological, neuropsychological, psychophysiologic, neurochemical, imaging, outcome, and treatment response suggests that schizotypal personality disorder is related closely to chr ... Link to item Cite

The characteristics of poor outcome, 'Kraepelinian' schizophrenia

Journal Article European Neuropsychopharmacology · January 1, 1993 Full text Cite

Empirical assessment of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenic patients: formal thought disorder.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 1992 Male schizophrenic patients (n = 142) were examined with a clinical assessment of their language dysfunctions with the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the relative ... Full text Link to item Cite

Empirical assessment of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: negative symptoms.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · November 1992 The factor structure of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was examined in a confirmatory factor analysis that used the LISREL procedure. Four models of negative symptom factors were tested in 130 hospitalized schizophrenic patients. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief neuroleptic discontinuation and clinical symptoms in Kraepelinian and non-Kraepelinian chronic schizophrenic patients.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · September 1991 Neuroleptic medication was abruptly discontinued in 24 male chronic schizophrenic patients who were subdivided on the basis of their history of illness into Kraepelinian (n = 8) and non-Kraepelinian (n = 16) subgroups. These patients were kept drug free fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

THE GENETICS OF MENTAL-ILLNESS - AN OVERVIEW

Journal Article SOCIAL BIOLOGY · September 1, 1991 Link to item Cite

Kraepelinian schizophrenia: A replication in an independent sample

Journal Article Schizophrenia Research · May 1991 Full text Cite

Refining phenotype characterization in genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia.

Journal Article Soc Biol · 1991 A definitive replicable genetic linkage for a major locus underlying the susceptibility to schizophrenia has not been identified to date. Although there are several possible explanations for the failure to find linkage in schizophrenia, one major problem i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic issues in chronic schizophrenia: kraepelinian schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, and state-independent negative symptoms.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · 1991 Data are presented concerning three recent clinical distinctions in schizophrenia: kraepelinian versus non-kraepelinian patients; mixed versus simple undifferentiated subtypes; and state-dependent versus state-independent negative symptoms. Schizophrenic p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attentional markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia: performance of medicated and unmedicated patients and normals.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · August 1990 Medicated and unmedicated schizophrenic patients (both n's = 14) were compared to a normal control sample (n = 15) on two attentional tasks hypothesized to be markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia. These tasks, the continuous performance test and the v ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased morbid risk for schizophrenia-related disorders in relatives of schizotypal personality disordered patients.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · July 1990 To evaluate whether probands from a clinical sample diagnosed as having DSM-III schizotypal and/or paranoid personality disorder have a familial relationship to the schizophrenia-related disorders, the morbid risk for schizophrenia-related disorders and ot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eye tracking impairment in clinically identified patients with schizotypal personality disorder.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · June 1990 Eye tracking accuracy, which has been found to be impaired in schizophrenic patients and their relatives, was assessed in 26 patients with schizotypal personality disorder, 17 control subjects with other non-schizophrenia-related personality disorders, 29 ... Full text Link to item Cite

CHARACTERISTICS OF KRAEPELINIAN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THEIR RELATION TO PREMORBID SOCIOSEXUAL FUNCTIONING

Conference NEUROLEPTIC-NONRESPONSIVE PATIENT : CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT · January 1, 1990 Link to item Cite

Premorbid sociosexual functioning and long-term outcome in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 1989 Chronic schizophrenic patients with the most severe social deterioration have been shown to differ from other chronic schizophrenic patients with respect to measures of left-to-right ventricular asymmetry, negative symptoms, and response to haloperidol tre ... Full text Link to item Cite

A study of the reliability of the family history method in genetic studies of Alzheimer disease.

Journal Article Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord · 1989 The reliability between 2 raters conducting independent family history interviews for Alzheimer disease-like and other dementias was investigated. The interviews were conducted at least 1 year apart with the second rater blind to the data collected by the ... Link to item Cite

Eye tracking, schizophrenic symptoms, and schizotypal personality disorder.

Journal Article Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci · 1989 Schizophrenic patients and patients with schizotypal personality disorder were significantly more likely than normal controls to demonstrate impaired eye tracking performance. Fifteen of 27 schizophrenics and 15 of 27 schizotypals had impaired eye tracking ... Full text Link to item Cite

Familial schizophrenia and treatment response.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · October 1987 Thirty-nine patients with chronic schizophrenia for whom hospitalization was clinically indicated received haloperidol for 4 to 6 weeks in a standardized dose schedule. Responders were compared with nonresponders for family history, baseline symptom factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characteristics of very poor outcome schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · July 1987 The authors compared 21 "Kraepelinian" schizophrenic patients who had been ill and dependent on others for the past 5 years with 76 chronic schizophrenic patients in remission or with exacerbations requiring hospitalization. The Kraepelinian patients met t ... Full text Link to item Cite

L-dopa challenge and relapse in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · July 1987 Neuroleptic administration has been shown to be superior to placebo in prolonging schizophrenic remission. However, individual patients are able to maintain long periods of remission in the absence of neuroleptic treatment, while others relapse soon after ... Full text Link to item Cite