Scholars@Duke
William Herman Wilson

William Herman Wilson

Professor Emeritus in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
wilso066@mc.duke.edu
Box 3930 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
242 Civitan Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Pathophysiology of hypercortisolism in depression: pituitary and adrenal responses to low glucocorticoid feedback.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · June 2012 OBJECTIVE: To test three theories of hypercortisolemia in depression-hypothalamic overdrive, impaired glucocorticoid feedback, or autonomous cortisol production. METHOD: We applied an overnight low-cortisol feedback strategy by administering metyrapone to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pathophysiology of hypercortisolism in depression.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl · 2007 OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms mediating hypercortisolemia in depression remain controversial. Adopting the biomarker strategy, we studied adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol dynamics in hypercortisolemic and non-hypercortisolemic depressed in-patients, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maintenance therapy with fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled discontinuation study.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · April 2005 The effect of fluoxetine (FLU) in posttraumatic stress disorder was studied in a one-year trial. Subjects received open-label treatment for 6 months, followed by double-blind randomized treatment with FLU or placebo (PBO) for 6 months. Rates of relapse wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain activation during affective visual cues in schizophrenia: A pilot study using fMRI [3]

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · 2004 Cite

A visual guide to expected blood levels of long-acting injectable risperidone in clinical practice

Journal Article Journal of Psychiatric Practice · 2004 Objective. Risperidone is the only second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic medication available in a long-acting injectable formulation. The mechanism of drug delivery and the pharmacokinetics of this medication are distinctively different from the firs ... Full text Cite

Postural syncope after marijuana: a transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · May 2003 Twenty-nine volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cerebral blood velocity (CBV), pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), skin perfusion (SP) on forehead and plasma delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels were quantified ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reliabilities and intercorrelations of reported and objective measures of smoking in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 1, 2003 We examined the test-retest reliabilities of reported and objective measures of smoking, and the intercorrelations among these measures, in acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia to determine whether severe psychiatric illness affects the utility of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time course of tetrahydrocannabinol-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 30, 2002 While several studies are available on the immediate effects of marijuana and its active ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), we examined the effects of intravenous infusion of THC on rCBF and behavior over a 120-mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine decreases bradykinesia-rigidity in haloperidol-treated patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2002 We applied nicotine 21 mg and matching placebo transdermal patches to thirty haloperidol-treated patients with schizophrenia who smoked. Clinical assessments of bradykinesia-rigidity were lower during nicotine patch administration than during placebo patch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: multinomial modeling of data from three sources.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · September 1, 2002 INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia patients, particularly those with specific types of hallucinations and delusions, may have a deficit in monitoring the generation of thought. This deficit, termed autonoetic agnosia, may result in the conclusion that self-genera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leukocytosis and hypoalbuminemia in mixed bipolar states: evidence for immune activation.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · January 2002 OBJECTIVE: Although activation of an immune response during major depressive episodes has been reported, less is known about changes during manic and mixed bipolar episodes. METHOD: Albumin and leukocyte levels were compared between subjects in manic and m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and psychosis in patients with bipolar I disorder.

Journal Article Compr Psychiatry · 2002 We characterized 67 newly admitted patients in manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder on categorical and continuous measures of smoking and psychosis to test the hypothesis that patients who were smokers would be more likely to demonstrate psychotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain morphological changes and early marijuana use: a magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography study.

Journal Article J Addict Dis · 2000 BACKGROUND: The focus of this report is on the possible role that the age of first use of marijuana may play on brain morphology and function. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) were utilized to study 57 subjec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow and depersonalization after tetrahydrocannabinol administration.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · July 1999 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between depersonalization induced by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and regional brain activation. METHOD: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by means of positron emission tomography (PET) i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and therapeutic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · July 1, 1999 BACKGROUND: Of patients with schizophrenia, 70 to 80% smoke. Nicotine corrects certain information processing and cognitive psychomotor deficits seen in many patients with schizophrenia. Clozapine, but not conventional antipsychotics, has been shown to cor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebellar activity and disturbed time sense after THC.

Journal Article Brain Res · June 29, 1998 Because marijuana continues to be the most commonly used illicit drug, its effects on the brain function are of major interest. We utilized positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the effects of delta-9-tetrahydroca ... Full text Link to item Cite

A family study of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder following rape trauma.

Journal Article J Psychiatr Res · 1998 There is evidence that familial factors serve as determinants of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially familial anxiety. This study investigates the relationship between chronic PTSD and family psychiatric morbidity. The sample was dra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Marijuana smoking and brain morphology

Journal Article Journal of Addictive Diseases · January 1, 1998 Cite

Intracranial and extracranial blood flow during acute anxiety.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · May 16, 1997 While large numbers of studies are available on anxiety and cerebral blood flow (CBF), little is known about their relationship to extracranial (forehead) flow. The participants were 24 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and 26 normal volunteers. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of nitrous oxide on cerebral blood velocity while reclining and standing.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · May 1, 1997 Cerebral blood velocity (CBV) (measured with transcranial Doppler, TCD) and other physiological and rating scale indices were measured before, during, and after inhaling a mixture of 40% nitrous oxide/oxygen and 40% nitrogen/oxygen, given during two separa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychomotor effects of the anxiolytic abecarnil: a comparison with lorazepam.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 1997 Abecarnil is a metabolically stable beta-carboline that binds with high affinity and selectivity to central benzodiazepine receptors. The effects on cognitive and psychomotor skills of abecarnil (ZK 112-119), 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg, were compared with lorazepam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral vasodilation and vasoconstriction associated with acute anxiety.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 1, 1997 A randomized, between-groups, repeated measures design was used to evaluate changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), rating scales, and physiologic indices under resting conditions, during 5% CO2 inhalation in combination with epinephrine or saline infusions, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Marijuana intoxication and brain activation in marijuana smokers.

Journal Article Life Sci · 1997 OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: The acute effects of delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were studied in human subjects. Regional CBF was measured with 15O-water and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in 32 volunteers with a history of exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

A study of the potential confounding effects of diet, caffeine, nicotine and lorazepam on the stability of plasma and urinary homovanillic acid levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · December 15, 1996 Ten men inpatients who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia participated. On five occasions at least one week apart, each subject had an intravenous line placed at 0730 after an overnight fast. On each occasion blood samples were drawn at 0800 and hour ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · November 1996 Nearly 90% of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the general population's rate of 25%. There is some indication that schizophrenics may smoke as a form of self-medication. Nicotine has a variety of pharmacologic effects that may both ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute changes in cranial blood flow after cocaine hydrochloride.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · October 1, 1996 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with the 133Xenon inhalation technique and forehead skin flow with laser Doppler, before and twice after 0.3 milligram/kilogram of cocaine hydrochloride and a placebo given intravenously to six cocaine abusers, during ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia to clozapine within three serum level ranges

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · 1996 Objective: This study sought to determine the relationships between serum clozapine levels and therapeutic response. Method: Fifty-six inpatients who met the DSM-III-R criteria for chronic schizophrenia and who had not responded to extended treatment with ... Cite

Common sense, insight, and neuropsychological test performance in schizophrenia patients.

Journal Article Schizophr Bull · 1996 We report an exploratory study examining the interrelationships among common sense, insight into psychosis, and performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests in 32 patients with schizophrenia evaluated at the time of discharge from involuntary hospi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A retrospective study of the concept of spirituality as understood by recovering individuals.

Journal Article J Subst Abuse Treat · 1996 In 62 individuals recovering from substance abuse, materialism and spiritualism and cognitive patterns were quantified, before (retrospectively) and after recovery with the Mathew Materialism Spiritualism Scale (MMSS) and a Cognitive Patterns Questionnaire ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time required for initial improvement during clozapine treatment of refractory schizophrenia

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · 1996 Objective: To characterize better the length of time required for the onset of improvement during clozapine treatment for refractory schizophrenia, the author reanalyzed data from a naturalistic outcome study. Method: Medical records of 100 adults sequenti ... Cite

Endogenous opioids and HIV infection.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 1996 Full text Link to item Cite

Insight in schizophrenia and mania.

Journal Article J Nerv Ment Dis · December 1995 We administered a series of 12 brief vignettes depicting examples of positive, negative, and manic psychopathology in everyday language to 21 patients with schizophrenia and 20 patients with mania. We asked patients to rate, first, how similar they were to ... Full text Link to item Cite

beta-Endorphin enhances the replication of neurotropic human immunodeficiency virus in fetal perivascular microglia.

Journal Article J Neuroimmunol · August 1995 The effect of an endogenous opiate, beta-endorphin, on the replication of HIV was investigated in brain perivascular microglia. Beta-endorphin enhanced the synthesis of p-24 antigen and transactivation of HIV promoter. Dialysed culture supernatants of endo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measurement of materialism and spiritualism in substance abuse research.

Journal Article J Stud Alcohol · July 1995 OBJECTIVE: A modified version of an instrument called the Mathew Materialism-Spiritualism Scale (MMSS), originally developed in India, was evaluated for possible use in substance abuse research in the U.S. METHOD: The scale was administered to 62 individua ... Full text Link to item Cite

18-Month outcome of clozapine treatment for 100 patients in a state psychiatric hospital

Journal Article Psychiatric Services · 1995 Objective: The atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine is an effective treatment for refractory psychosis; however, the efficacy of clozapine when used in public mental health programs has yet to he fully characterized. This study assessed the outcome ... Cite

Clozapine treatment in Russia: A review of clinical research

Journal Article Psychiatric Services · 1995 Objective: This paper is intended to help American clinicians and investigators further their understanding of the clinical use of clozapine by reviewing experience with the drug in Russia, where it was introduced 17 years before it became available in the ... Cite

Do anticonvulsants hinder clozapine treatment?

Journal Article Biological Psychiatry · 1995 Full text Cite

Effects of marijuana on performance of a computerized cognitive-neuromotor test battery.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · February 1994 To evaluate the sensitivity of a computerized cognitive-neuromotor test battery in assessing the effects of marijuana (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]), we conducted a study of 10 healthy male volunteers who were experienced marijuana smokers. After ext ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical usefulness of clozapine [6]

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1994 Cite

Seizures associated with clozapine treatment in a state hospital

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1994 Background: The seizures associated with the atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine represent a serious side effect of treatment. In premarketing studies, seizures occurred at a crude rate of 3.5%. It is possible that the rate and character of seizure ... Cite

The fifth psychoactive drug usage guide [1]

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1994 Cite

Treatment of social phobia with clonazepam and placebo.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · December 1993 Clonazepam and placebo were administered in a double-blind pilot study to 75 outpatients with social phobia. The mean maximum dose of clonazepam was 2.4 mg/day at endpoint (range, 0.5 to 3 mg). Treatment was continued for up to 10 weeks. The results of an ... Link to item Cite

Asymmetry of rCBF in schizophrenia: relationship to AP-gradient and duration of illness.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · June 1, 1993 This article examines patients with schizophrenia and controls to determine whether asymmetry and anteroposterior (AP) gradient of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are related to duration of illness, and whether they are themselves correlated. CBF was measured wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychiatric disorders in adult children of alcoholics: data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · May 1993 OBJECTIVE: The authors examined differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals who did or did not have alcoholic parents. METHOD: They used data from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project, speci ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depersonalization after marijuana smoking.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · March 15, 1993 Depersonalization and other behavioral and physiological indices were monitored before and after the administration of high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a placebo cigarette in 35 physically and mentally healthy normal volunteers. The cigarette ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biology of social phobia

Journal Article European Neuropsychopharmacology · January 1, 1993 Full text Cite

Acute changes in cerebral blood flow after smoking marijuana.

Journal Article Life Sci · 1993 In experienced marijuana smokers, marijuana smoking was accompanied by a significant bilateral increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) especially in the frontal regions and cerebral blood velocity. The post-marijuana CBF increase could not be explained on th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of clozapine on medication use in a state hospital

Journal Article Hospital Pharmacy · 1993 Medical records of 90 consecutive patients who started clozapine were reviewed to see how this drug is being used with other psychotropic medications and to evaluate what impact it has had on the drug regimens of these patients. Data from up to 6 months be ... Cite

State hospital curriculum: Public academic liaison for psychiatric education

Journal Article Administration and Policy in Mental Health · 1993 State hospitals provide essential services to many of society's most ill and needy individuals. As the next century approaches, state hospitals can best fulfil their missions by developing as high-quality neuropsychiatric/rehabilitation institutes, as oppo ... Cite

Collaboration for training

Journal Article Administration and Policy in Mental Health · 1993 Training has been a longstanding and fruitful area of collaboration between the public and academic sectors. Graduate medical education for psychiatry residents is one example. This paper reviews the history of Oregon's public psychiatry training program a ... Cite

Response to Fred W. Becker's 'The politics of closing state mental hospitals'

Journal Article Community Mental Health Journal · 1993 Cite

Addition of lithium to haloperidol in non-affective, antipsychotic non-responsive schizophrenia: A double blind, placebo controlled, parallel design clinical trial

Journal Article Psychopharmacology · 1993 This double-blind placebo controlled, parallel design clinical trial compared the therapeutic effects of the addition of lithium or placebo to haloperidol in 21 seriously ill state hospital patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia, who did not have concurrent ... Full text Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow after marijuana smoking.

Journal Article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · September 1992 Regional CBF was measured with the 133Xe inhalation technique before and thrice after smoking marijuana of two strengths and placebo in 20 physically and mentally healthy male volunteers with a previous history of exposure to marijuana. They were drug-free ... Full text Link to item Cite

Middle cerebral artery velocity during upright posture after marijuana smoking.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · August 1992 Marijuana is known to cause symptoms suggestive of orthostatic hypotension such as dizziness and fainting during upright posture. We examined changes in cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and peripheral circulation during upright posture after smoking marijuana ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in middle cerebral artery velocity after marijuana.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · July 15, 1992 Velocity of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was measured with transcranial Doppler flowmeter before, during, and 1 hr after smoking a marijuana cigarette and a placebo cigarette during two separate visits to the laboratory. Ten healthy, right-hand ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in cerebral blood velocity after intravenous diazepam.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 1, 1992 Cerebral blood velocity (CBV) was measured with transcranial Doppler in 6 normal right-handed male volunteers before and for 50 min after an intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg of diazepam and normal saline during 2 separate visits to the laboratory. Blood ... Full text Link to item Cite

Temporal disintegration and its psychological and physiological correlates: Changes in the experience of time after marijuana smoking

Journal Article Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · January 1, 1992 Psychological and physiological indices were monitored before and 120 minutes after smoking high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a placebo cigarette in 35 physically and psychiatrically healthy normal volunteers during three separate visits to th ... Full text Cite

The spectrum of clozapine response in refractory schizophrenia: Four case reports

Journal Article Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · 1992 Case reports of clozapine treatment for refractory schizophrenia have focused on instances of marked therapeutic response, raising the expectation of dramatic 'cures' and the emptying of state hospital wards. However, in clinical practice, a spectrum of re ... Cite

RU486 in depression.

Journal Article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · 1992 RU486 is a synthetic glucocorticoid antagonist. The authors used RU486 to examine the hypothesis that the elevated plasma cortisol and ACTH in patients is due to suprahypophyseal stimulation of the anterior pituitary. Seven patients and matched controls we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical review of clozapine treatment in a state hospital

Journal Article Hospital and Community Psychiatry · 1992 Medical records of the first 37 patients to begin clozapine treatment at a state hospital in Oregon were reviewed for six months before clozapine treatment and six months after. Patients had a long history of schizophrenia and had responded poorly to antip ... Cite

Psychiatric education in the State Hospital: A current approach

Journal Article Community Mental Health Journal · 1992 In 1989, the Public Psychiatry Training Program of the Oregon Health Sciences University Department of Psychiatry and Dammasch State Hospital opened a collaborative Professional Education Unit with the author as Director. This article describes the Unit's ... Cite

The Brief Social Phobia Scale.

Journal Article J Clin Psychiatry · November 1991 An observer measure of social phobic symptoms, referred to as the Brief Social Phobia Scale, consists of 11 items, 7 evaluating commonly feared or avoided situations and 4 additional items measuring autonomic distress. Symptoms represented by the scale ite ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the effects of diazepam and an experimental anti-anxiety drug on regional cerebral blood flow.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · October 1991 In the normal brain, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and function are closely coupled. Thus, changes in brain function associated with drug-induced anxiety reduction should be accompanied by parallel CBF changes. Benzodiazepines such as diazepam have been report ... Full text Link to item Cite

Substance abuse and cerebral blood flow.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · March 1991 OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: This paper reviews acute and chronic effects of drugs of abuse on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism and their clinical significance. The most important source of information for the review is human research reports published in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of therapeutic response to haloperidol in acute schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychopharmacol Bull · 1991 During a study of neuroleptic threshold haloperidol doses as treatment for newly admitted schizophrenic patients, we examined whether variables extracted from patients' clinical histories, the type and severity of patients' psychopathology at baseline, or ... Link to item Cite

P100 latency as a function of head size

Journal Article American Journal of EEG Technology · January 1, 1991 Recent studies of factors affecting the P100 latency of the pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) have questioned the earlier assumption that gender has a statistically significant effect. Guthkelch et al. (1987) reported that head size is an important va ... Full text Cite

Changes in cerebral blood flow after diazepam evaluated with 3 measurement techniques

Journal Article European Neuropsychopharmacology · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

Role of serotonin in hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis escape from dexamethasone suppression.

Journal Article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · 1991 1. The authors investigated the role of serotonin in the hypothalamo pituitary adrenal escape from depression. 2. Maximal dose of fenfluramine was administered to normal individuals pretreated with dexamethasone. 3. Fenfluramine had only a minimal and inco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nocturnal and early morning secretion of ACTH and cortisol in humans.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · July 1, 1990 It is well established that the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the synthesis and release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, but the role of ACTH in the physiological regulation of basal cortisol secretion has received surprisingly little s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anxiety and cerebral blood flow.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · July 1990 The relationship between anxiety and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is of considerable clinical and research significance. Although a considerable amount of information is available on mechanisms through which anxiety may influence CBF, this topic has not recei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral and cerebrovascular effects of caffeine in patients with anxiety disorders.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · July 1990 Caffeine is believed to induce anxiety in normal people and anxiety disorder patients and panic attacks in panic disorder patients. The drug is also known to reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF). Findings suggesting an anxiety-related cerebral vasoconstrictive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral blood flow responses to inhaled carbon dioxide in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · June 1990 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent cerebrovasodilator; even mild changes in CO2 are associated with marked changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). We measured CBF before and after 5% CO2 inhalation in 19 medicated patients with schizophrenia and 16 normal volu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronicity and a low anteroposterior gradient of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 1990 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with the 133xenon inhalation technique in 27 patients with schizophrenia of less than 5 years' duration and in 27 patients with schizophrenia of more than 12 years' duration, under resting conditions. Similar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Care Update: The chronically mentally ill group treatment for individuals with schizophrenia

Journal Article Community Mental Health Journal · 1990 Comprehensive treatment programs for individuals with schizophrenia usually include a variety of groups, many of which have concrete tasks as a focus: medication management, social skills training, meal preparation, etc. These groups can simultaneously ser ... Full text Cite

Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · August 1989 CO2 inhalation has been reported to induce panic attacks in panic disorder patients. State anxiety, somatic symptoms of anxiety, physiological changes, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were monitored in panic disorder patients before and after intravenous inj ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with amyl nitrite inhalation.

Journal Article Br J Addict · March 1989 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), mood states and somatic symptoms were measured before and after inhalation of amyl nitrite in 10 physically healthy volunteers with a prior history of using volatile nitrites for recreational purposes. CBF was measured w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute changes in cerebral blood flow associated with marijuana smoking.

Journal Article Acta Psychiatr Scand · February 1989 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in experienced (ES) and inexperienced (IS) marijuana smokers with the 133xenon inhalation technique before and after smoking both a high-potency marijuana cigarette and a placebo marijuana cigarette. CBF was measured ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic consultation to a state hospital

Journal Article Hospital and Community Psychiatry · 1989 As part of a program to assess the needs of patients in a state hospital scheduled to be closed, a psychiatrist provided consultation for 101 chronically ill patients, including formulation of a principal diagnosis by DSM-III-R criteria. Compared with earl ... Cite

Changes in cerebral blood flow and mental state after amphetamine challenge in schizophrenic patients.

Journal Article Neuropsychobiology · 1989 Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and behavioral and physiological indices were monitored after intravenous administration of d-amphetamine sulfate and placebo in groups of patients with schizophrenia and normal volunteers. Amphetamine administration ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sex roles and regional cerebral blood flow.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · January 1989 Several investigators have reported higher resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in females as compared to males. The relationship between sex roles as quantified by Bem's Sex Role Inventory and CBF was evaluated in 106 right-handed, physically and mentally he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow correlates of a dichotic listening task.

Journal Article J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci · 1989 This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that ear advantage on a dichotic listening (DL) task of pitch discrimination reflects asymmetries in the metabolic activities of the temporal lobes. Fourteen normal subjects, with either a left-ear adv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Circadian rhythm of adrenergic regulation of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in man.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · August 1988 The effects of the alpha-adrenergic agonist methoxamine on the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by a placebo-controlled study in the morning and one in the evening. A 5-mg iv bolus dose of methoxamine in normal subjects caused a signi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abnormal resting regional cerebral blood flow patterns and their correlates in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · June 1988 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured under resting conditions in 108 right-handed schizophrenic inpatients and a matched group of normal controls with the xenon 133 inhalation technique. Forty-six patients were free of all medication for two wee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral blood flow changes induced by CO2 in anxiety.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · March 1988 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured twice with the 133Xenon inhalation technique, under resting conditions and during 5% CO2 inhalation, in 13 patients with generalized anxiety disorder and a group of normal volunteers of comparable age and sex distribu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social stimulation and the regulation of premature infants' state prior to term age

Journal Article Infant Behavior and Development · January 1, 1988 Behavioral responsiveness to human speech and gentle stroking of the limbs was assessed in 15 very low birth-weight infants (VLBW: <1500 gms) between 30 and 34 weeks postconceptional age. Responsiveness was examined as a function of infants' initial behavi ... Full text Cite

Double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the autonomic effects of clovoxamine, imipramine, and amitriptyline in normal volunteers

Journal Article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1988 The autonomic effects of clovoxamine, a possible new antidepressant, were compared with placebo, imipramine, and amitriptyline in a double‐blind, repeated‐measures, latin‐square study design, using 16 healthy volunteers. Salivary flow, pupillary response, ... Full text Cite

Augmentation of ECT seizures with caffeine.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · May 1987 Full text Link to item Cite

PIP syndrome.

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1987 Cite

Cerebral ischemic symptoms in anxiety disorders.

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · 1987 Cite

Lithium in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Hospital and Community Psychiatry · 1986 Cite

The prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements among chronic schizophrenics.

Journal Article International Clinical Psychopharmacology · 1986 In an international survey of chronic schizophrenia, data were collected on the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) to ascertain the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. Abnormal movements were found to present in 28% of the sample of 739 patients. Us ... Cite

The effects of clovoxamine on sleep of normal volunteers: A double-blind placebo-controlled study

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1986 In a double-blind placebo-controlled study the effects of clovoxamine on sleep were evaluated. Each of 12 healthy male volunteers was given clovoxamine (50 and 150 mg) and placebo according to a repeated-measures randomized Latin square design. All night s ... Cite

Double-blind dose determination study of a new antidepressant-sertraline

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1986 As part of a multicenter dose determination study designed to evaluate the safety and therapeutic activity of four fixed dose levels of sertraline - a new antidepressant with biochemical characteristics different from tricyclics - 17 patients with diagnose ... Cite

Caffeine-induced cerebral blood flow changes in schizophrenia

Journal Article European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · 1986 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements and mental status examinations were performed before and 30 min after oral administration of 250 mg of caffeine or a placebo given under double-blind conditions, in two groups of patients with schizophrenia. Caffeine ... Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with ethanol intoxication

Journal Article Stroke · 1986 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured via the 133Xenon inhalation technique in 26 healthy volunteers before and 60 minutes after the oral administration of ethyl alcohol or placebo on a double-blind basis. The cerebral blood flow values, correcte ... Cite

Determinants of resting regional cerebral blood flow in normal subjects

Journal Article Biological Psychiatry · 1986 Study of brain function via cerebral blood flow and metabolism measurements is believed to be of considerable significance in psychiatry. The present study examined the factors that determined patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 140 physical ... Cite

Research methodology and the pharmacotherapy of the chronic schizophrenias

Journal Article Psychopharmacology Bulletin · 1986 Cite

Reliability and validity of SAFTEE: Preliminary analyses

Journal Article Psychopharmacology Bulletin · 1986 Cite

Hematocrit and anxiety

Journal Article Journal of Psychosomatic Research · 1986 Cite

Flexible system criteria in chronic schizophrenia

Journal Article Comprehensive Psychiatry · 1986 Cite

An international survey of tardive dyskinesia

Journal Article Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · 1985 1. As part of an international study of chronic schizophrenia, data on tardive dyskinesia were collected by clinical judgment and a standard rating scale, on over 700 patients. 2. The frequently-reported positive correlation between age and prevalence rate ... Cite

A psychotherapeutic approach to task-oriented groups of severely ill patients

Journal Article Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine · 1985 This paper presents a conceptual approach for leading various types of groups of chronically mentally ill patients. Although these groups may have a concrete, task-oriented purpose, with skillful leadership they also function as psychotherapy groups. The d ... Cite

Dextroamphetamine-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow

Journal Article Psychopharmacology · 1985 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide and mood states were measured before and after IV injections of 15 mg dextroamphetamine sulfate or saline in 22 physically and mentally healthy norma ... Cite

The effect of nonsedating doses of diazepam on regional cerebral blood flow

Journal Article Biological Psychiatry · 1985 Drugs like diazepam induce tranquilization in small doses and sedation in larger quanitities. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured before and 5 min after the intravenous administraton of nonsedating doses of diazepam or placebo (given on a doub ... Cite

Pharmacotherapy of chronic hospitalized schizophrenics: Prescription practices

Journal Article Neuropsychobiology · 1985 Prescription practices were examined as part of a multinational study of chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients. The study included a total of 768 patients from 8 countries. All patients had a diagnosis (ICD-9) of schizophrenia and met defined criteri ... Cite

Neuroleptic-induced skin pigmentation in chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · 1985 In the framework of a multi-national collaborative study carried out in eight countries, 768 chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients were surveyed. Skin pigmentation was found to be present in 13 patients (1.7%), that is, within the same range (1-2.9%) ... Cite

Caffeine induced changes in cerebral circulation

Journal Article Stroke · 1985 While the caffeine induced cerebral vasoconstriction is well documented, the effects of oral ingestion of the drug in a dose range comparable to the quantities in which it is usually consumed and the intensity and duration of the associated reduction in ce ... Cite

Caffeine consumption, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow

Journal Article Headache · 1985 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements were conducted under resting conditions and after twenty-four hours of caffeine abstinence in groups of high and low caffeine users. CBF was also measured thirty minutes after the oral administration of 250 m ... Cite

Regional cerebral blood flow in dialysis encephalopathy and primary degenerative dementia

Journal Article Kidney International · 1985 Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in patients with dialysis encephalopathy, primary degenerative dementia, dialysis patients with no central nervous system (CNS) complications, and normal controls. Both groups of dialysis patients (with and w ... Cite

The AMDP-system in chronic hospitalized schizophrenics

Journal Article Comprehensive Psychiatry · 1985 In a multinational survey of psychopathological symptoms in 768 chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients an approximately equal representation of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia was revealed. This is at variance with the common contentio ... Cite

Description and distribution of the subtypes of chronic schizophrenia based on Leonhard's classification.

Journal Article Psychiatric Developments · 1984 Prior to the introduction of neuroleptics a lack of interest in complex classifications of the chronic schizophrenias was due to the lack of effective treatment. With the recognition of neuroleptic response heterogeneity, and of the hazards of long-term ne ... Cite

The psychopharmacological treatment of depression in the medically ill patient

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · 1984 Cite

Pharmacotherapy of chronic hospitalized schizophrenics: Diagnosis and treatment

Journal Article Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa · 1984 Cite

Leonhard's classification of the chronic schizophrenias

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · 1984 The conceptual development of Leonhard's classification of the chronic schizophrenias is outlined. The recognition within that classification of the importance of the polarity dimension has led to the identification of two distinct populations - atypical n ... Cite

Rapid tranquilization: A comparative study of thiothixene and haloperidol

Journal Article Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · 1984 1. In a double-blind comparative clinical study, both thiothixene and haloperidol were found to be effective agents for rapid tranquilization of manic and schizophrenic patients. 2. While no statistically significant difference in any of the psychopatholog ... Cite

Approaches to the management of the acutely psychotic patient

Journal Article Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa · 1984 Cite

A double-blind clinical trial of fluvoxamine and imipramine in patients with primary depression

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1984 Fluvoxamine, a new serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, and imipramine were compared under double-blind conditions in 36 unipolar and bipolar depressed inpatients. Both drugs produced significant reductions in depressive symptomatology over a 4-6-wk course of tre ... Cite

Catatonia and encephalopathy following a disulfiram overdose

Journal Article Wisconsin Medical Journal · 1984 Cite

Disulfiram and encephalopathy

Journal Article Hospital and Community Psychiatry · 1984 Cite

Case report of phenothiazine-induced torsade de pointes

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · 1984 A patient with schizophrenia developed torsade de pointes, a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia, due to administration of phenothiazines. An intravenous infusion of isoproterenol improved the symptoms. The etiology and treatment of the syndrome are discus ... Cite

Psychotropic actions of BW 234U in the treatment of inpatient schizophrenics: A dose‐range study

Journal Article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1983 In a 28‐day, dose‐range study, 11 chronic schizophrenic inpatients newly admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbations were administered a new antipsychotic, BW 234U, in daily doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/day on a fixed/flexible schedule to determi ... Full text Cite

Organizing and conducting clinical trials

Journal Article Neuropsychobiology · 1983 Of the three stages of clinical trial, i.e. design, data collection, analysis, the second stage is the most neglected. The literature abounds with discussions on design and analysis, but there is a dearth of information on the organization and execution of ... Cite

Carbon dioxide levels and cerebral blood flow.

Journal Article Archives of General Psychiatry · 1983 Cite

Specific responses to drug therapy and Leonhard classification of chronic schizophrenia

Journal Article Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi · 1983 Cite

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to compare the autonomic effects of fluvoxamine with those of amitriptyline and doxepin in healthy volunteers

Journal Article British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · 1983 A double-blind placebo- and standard-controlled study was designed to determine the autonomic effects of fluvoxamine, a putative antidepressant possessing a high 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) re-uptake-blocking activity with essentially no effects on noradren ... Cite

Distribution of Leonhard's subtypes of chronic schizophrenia in two cultures

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · 1983 A comparison of two independent populations of chronic schizophrenic patients, classified on the basis of Leonhard's system, revealed striking similarities in the distribution of subtypes. The findings lend support to the clinical relevance of Leonhard's t ... Cite

Autonomic effects of fluvoxamine versus amitriptyline, doxepin, and placebo

Journal Article Psychopharmacology Bulletin · 1983 Cite

Minimal maintenance medication: Effects of three dose schedules on relapse rates and symptoms in chronic schizophrenic outpatients

Journal Article Comprehensive Psychiatry · 1983 Our general hypothesis was that lower doses of antipsychotic agents than are usually employed may not only be adequate for the maintenance treatment of many schizophrenic patients but may also reduce the risk of neurotoxic effects. To explore the consequen ... Cite

Bromperidol maintenance in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Pharmacopsychiatria · 1982 Twenty-three patients who completed a four-week, double-blind, clinical trial of bromperidol versus haloperidol were treated with bromperidol for eight additional weeks in a continuation study. Over 87 percent of patients maintained their improved status o ... Cite

A collaborative study of a new antidepressant, viloxazine, in neurotic and endogenous depressives

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1982 In a multicenter series of trials, viloxazine was compared with imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin and placebo in 123 neurotic and endogenous depressive inpatients and outpatients. While significant period effects reflecting improvement were obtained on th ... Cite

Viloxazine HCl in the treatment of endogenous depression: A standard (imipramine) controlled clinical study

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1982 In a four week, double-blind clinical trial, 20 patients with endogenous depression were randomly assigned to treatment with either viloxazine or imipramine. Statistically significant improvement was observed on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scales for D ... Cite

A double-blind dose-determination study with flutroline: A new neuroleptic

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1982 In a 4-wk double-blind clinical trial four doses (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg) of flutroline were compared in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Although there were few statistically significant differences among the four dosage groups, there were at least fiv ... Cite

Repeated-measures Latin square designs in clinical pharmacology

Journal Article Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology · 1982 Cite

Viloxazine in the treatment of endogenous depression. A standard (amitriptyline) controlled clinical study

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1982 In a double-blind clinical trial with 20 patients suffering from endogenous depression statistically significant changes (improvement) were present in the scores of all assessment instruments. Although no statistically significant differences occurred betw ... Cite

Viloxazine and amitriptyline in endogenous depression

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1982 Cite

Psychopharmacology and Leonhard's classification of chronic schizophrenias

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1982 There is evidence to indicate that 15% of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic will become chronically hospitalized, and that worldwide one-third to one-half of all psychiatric beds are occupied by schizophrenic patients. In spite of these figures and the p ... Cite

Loxapine in psychogeriatrics: A placebo- and standard-controlled clinical investigation

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · 1982 Both haloperidol- and loxapine-treated patients improved compared to those on placebo on a broad number of clinical ratings reflecting psychopathology and social functioning. Compared to adult psychiatric populations, our global improvement rates of 32 and ... Cite

Systematic studies with amoxapine, a new antidepressant

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1982 Amoxapine, a tricyclic dibenzoxazepine is an antidepressant which in the dosage range of 150-300 mg/day is notable for its rapid onset of action. Because of the rather long, approximately 30-hour, half-life of 8-hydroxyamoxapine, the active metabolite of a ... Cite

Measuring chronic schizophrenic patients' attitudes toward their illness and treatment

Journal Article Hospital and Community Psychiatry · 1981 The right to refuse medication is a legal right now being extended by federal courts to many voluntary and involuntary mental patients. However, little is known of the insight that chronically ill mental patients bring to the decision of whether or not to ... Cite

Multicenter clinical trials: methodological aspects.

Journal Article Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry · 1981 Cite

Effects of viloxazine with and without alcohol on performance tests related to driving in normal volunteers

Journal Article Drug Development Research · 1981 The effects of single doses of 50 mg of viloxazine, 100 mg of viloxazine, 50 mg of imipramine, and placebo given alone and in combination with alcohol on perceptual-motor performance potentially related to driving were studied in eight normal subjects. The ... Cite

The effects of amoxapine and ethanol on psychomotor skills related to driving: A placebo and standard controlled study

Journal Article Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology · 1981 Eight normal male volunteers were tested under eight different treatment conditions: amoxapine 50 and 100 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg. and placebo--each condition with and without ethanol--(1.3 g/kg body weight), utilizing a double-blind repeated measures lati ... Cite

Amoxapine: Once versus divided daily doses in neurotic and endogenous depression

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1981 In a six-week, double-blind clinical study of 35 hospitalized patients with the diagnoses of endogenous depression (18 patients) and depressive neuroses (17 patients), two dosage schedules of amoxapine were compared. While no statistically significant diff ... Cite

Amoxapine: A review of literature

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1980 Amoxapine, a new antidepressant, is a tricyclic dibenzoxazepine compound, the demethylated metabolite of the neuroleptic loxapine. In animal pharmacological studies, amoxapine has shown striking similarities to imipramine. In contrast to the prototype anti ... Cite

Viloxazine in the treatment of depressive neurosis: A placebo and standard (imipramine) controlled clinical study

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1980 In a 4-week double-blind trial, 33 patients with depressive neurosis were randomly assigned to either viloxazine, imipramine or placebo. Statistically significant improvement was observed in all treatment groups. Imipramine exhibited significant improvemen ... Cite

A double-blind comparison of three dosages of flutroline (CP-36,584) in the treatment of schizophrenia

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1980 Therapeutic and adverse effects of three dosages (1, 20 and 100 mg daily) of flutroline, a new γ-carboline with a preclinical pharmacological profile similar to active neuroleptic agents, were compared in a double-blind clinical trial in 25 newly-admitted ... Cite

Viloxazine: A review of the literature

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1980 In animal pharmacological studies viloxazine has shown similarities to imipramine. The antidepressant effects of the substance were independently recognized in seven uncontrolled clinical trials and verified in 11 published standard controlled clinical stu ... Cite

Utility of videotape in establishing interrater reliability.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology Bulletin · 1980 Cite

Acute effects of viloxazine HCl and flurazepam when given alone and in combination on sleep EEG: A double-blind interaction study with normals

Journal Article The Pavlovian journal of biological science : official journal of the Pavlovian · 1980 Viloxazine, an aryl-oxypropanolamine type β-adreno-receptor antagonist, has been used in the treatment of depression. In a double-blind drug interaction study with flurazepam, a commonly used benzodiazepine hypnotic, viloxazine administered alone decreased ... Full text Cite

Possible lack of anticholinergic effects with mianserin: A pilot study

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · 1980 Anticholinergic effects of mianserin, a new tetracyclic antidepressant, were studied in 5 depressed patients. Prior to and after 1 and 2 hours of the administration of 30 mg of mianserin salivary flow, pupillary response to light and palpebral fissure were ... Cite

Mianserin: Determination of therapeutic dose range

Journal Article International Pharmacopsychiatry · 1980 Mianserin hydrochloride is a tetracyclic antidepressant with an EEG and clinical activity profile similar to amitriptyline. To investigate the drug's optimal dosage range, a 6-week open comparative trial sequentially assigned 12 depressed patients to one o ... Cite