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Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Glynn, EL; Piner, LW; Huffman, KM; Slentz, CA; Elliot-Penry, L; AbouAssi, H; White, PJ; Bain, JR; Muehlbauer, MJ; Ilkayeva, OR; Stevens, RD ...
Published in: Diabetologia
October 2015

AIMS/HYPOTHESES: Obesity is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (IS) and elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BCAA metabolism and IS in overweight (OW) individuals during exercise intervention. METHODS: Whole-body leucine turnover, IS by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, and circulating and skeletal muscle amino acids, branched-chain α-keto acids and acylcarnitines were measured in ten healthy controls (Control) and nine OW, untrained, insulin-resistant individuals (OW-Untrained). OW-Untrained then underwent a 6 month aerobic and resistance exercise programme and repeated testing (OW-Trained). RESULTS: IS was higher in Control vs OW-Untrained and increased significantly following exercise. IS was lower in OW-Trained vs Control expressed relative to body mass, but was not different from Control when normalised to fat-free mass (FFM). Plasma BCAAs and leucine turnover (relative to FFM) were higher in OW-Untrained vs Control, but did not change on average with exercise. Despite this, within individuals, the decrease in molar sum of circulating BCAAs was the best metabolic predictor of improvement in IS. Circulating glycine levels were higher in Control and OW-Trained vs OW-Untrained, and urinary metabolic profiling suggests that exercise induces more efficient elimination of excess acyl groups derived from BCAA and aromatic amino acid (AA) metabolism via formation of urinary glycine adducts. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A mechanism involving more efficient elimination of excess acyl groups derived from BCAA and aromatic AA metabolism via glycine conjugation in the liver, rather than increased BCAA disposal through oxidation and turnover, may mediate interactions between exercise, BCAA metabolism and IS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01786941.

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Published In

Diabetologia

DOI

EISSN

1432-0428

Publication Date

October 2015

Volume

58

Issue

10

Start / End Page

2324 / 2335

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Treatment Outcome
  • Resistance Training
  • Overweight
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Liver
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Humans
  • Glycine
 

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Glynn, E. L., Piner, L. W., Huffman, K. M., Slentz, C. A., Elliot-Penry, L., AbouAssi, H., … Kraus, W. E. (2015). Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans. Diabetologia, 58(10), 2324–2335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3705-6
Glynn, Erin L., Lucy W. Piner, Kim M. Huffman, Cris A. Slentz, Lorraine Elliot-Penry, Hiba AbouAssi, Phillip J. White, et al. “Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans.Diabetologia 58, no. 10 (October 2015): 2324–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3705-6.
Glynn EL, Piner LW, Huffman KM, Slentz CA, Elliot-Penry L, AbouAssi H, et al. Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans. Diabetologia. 2015 Oct;58(10):2324–35.
Glynn, Erin L., et al. “Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans.Diabetologia, vol. 58, no. 10, Oct. 2015, pp. 2324–35. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3705-6.
Glynn EL, Piner LW, Huffman KM, Slentz CA, Elliot-Penry L, AbouAssi H, White PJ, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva OR, Stevens RD, Porter Starr KN, Bales CW, Volpi E, Brosnan MJ, Trimmer JK, Rolph TP, Newgard CB, Kraus WE. Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans. Diabetologia. 2015 Oct;58(10):2324–2335.
Journal cover image

Published In

Diabetologia

DOI

EISSN

1432-0428

Publication Date

October 2015

Volume

58

Issue

10

Start / End Page

2324 / 2335

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Treatment Outcome
  • Resistance Training
  • Overweight
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Liver
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Humans
  • Glycine