Scholars@Duke
William Joseph Evans

William Joseph Evans

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine
Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care
bill.evans@duke.edu
Duke Box 3003, Durham, NC 27710
3501 Busse Bldg, Box 3003, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Estimating Muscle Mass Using D3-Creatine Dilution: A Narrative Review of Clinical Implications and Comparison With Other Methods.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · April 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: The D3-creatine (D3-Cr) dilution method is of emerging interest for estimating total-body skeletal muscle mass. This review explores the association of muscle mass estimated via D3-Cr with various clinical outcomes and provides a summary of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sarcopenia: no consensus, no diagnostic criteria, and no approved indication-How did we get here?

Journal Article Geroscience · February 2024 In addition to the role of skeletal muscle in movement and locomotion, muscle plays a critical role in a broad array of metabolic processes that can contribute to improved health or risk of disease. The age-associated loss of muscle has been termed sarcope ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of Anamorelin, a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist, on Muscle and Bone in Adults With Osteosarcopenia.

Journal Article The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · February 2024 ContextAnamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist known to stimulate the pulsatile release of GH from the pituitary, has the potential to improve musculoskeletal health in adults with osteosarcopenia.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of anamor ... Full text Cite

D3Creatine Dilution as a Direct, Non-invasive and Accurate Measurement of Muscle Mass for Aging Research.

Journal Article Calcif Tissue Int · January 2024 Initial definitions of sarcopenia included the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass that was presumed to be associated with late-life reduced functional capacity, disability and loss of independence. Because no method for determination of muscle mas ... Full text Link to item Cite

A protocol for remote collection of skeletal muscle mass via D3-creatine dilution in community-dwelling postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that cancer and its treatments may accelerate the normal aging process, increasing the magnitude and rate of decline in functional capacity. This accelerated aging process is hypothesized to hasten the occurrence of c ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

D3-creatine dilution, computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing myopenia and physical function in colon cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Journal Article J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · December 2023 BACKGROUND: Low skeletal muscle mass (myopenia) is common in cancer populations and is associated with functional decline and mortality, but prior oncology studies did not assess total body skeletal muscle mass. Instead, they measured surrogates such as cr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose.

Journal Article Endocrinol Diabetes Metab · November 2023 OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Body Composition, Relative Dose Intensity, and Adverse Events among Patients with Colon Cancer.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · October 2, 2023 BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that low muscle increases the risk of chemotoxicity, most chemotherapies are dosed on body surface area without considering body composition. Among 178 patients with colon cancer, we assessed muscle and adipose tissue with mult ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Indices for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Intracellular Water Measurements of Physically Active Young Men and Athletes.

Journal Article J Nutr · September 2023 BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a minimally invasive, safe, easy, and quick technology used to determine body composition. OBJECTIVES: We compared the relationship among impedance indices obtained using single-frequency BIA, multi-fre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparing D3-Creatine Dilution and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Muscle Mass Responses to Strength Training in Low-Functioning Older Adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · August 27, 2023 BACKGROUND: In contrast to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a direct measure of skeletal muscle mass and in a cohort of older men has been strongly associated with health-related outcomes. However, sen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Synergistic Strategies to Accelerate the Development of Function-Promoting Therapies: Lessons From Operation Warp Speed and Oncology Drug Development.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · June 16, 2023 BACKGROUND: Functional limitations and physical disabilities associated with aging and chronic disease are major concerns for human societies and expeditious development of function-promoting therapies is a public health priority. METHODS: Expert panel dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing the Design of Clinical Trials to Evaluate the Efficacy of Function-Promoting Therapies.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · June 16, 2023 BACKGROUND: Several candidate molecules that may have application in treating physical limitations associated with aging and chronic diseases are in development. Challenges in the framing of indications, eligibility criteria, and endpoints and the lack of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Limited physician knowledge of sarcopenia: A survey.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · May 2023 BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that contributes to functional decline and disability in older adults. Although research on this geriatric condition has developed rapidly in recent years, little work ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Skeletal muscle mass can be estimated by creatine (methyl-d3) dilution and is correlated with fat-free mass in active young males.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Nutr · March 2023 BACKGROUND: Assessing whole-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat-free mass (FFM) is essential for the adequate nutritional management and training evaluation of athletes and trained individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SMM ... Full text Link to item Cite

NIH SenNet Consortium to map senescent cells throughout the human lifespan to understand physiological health.

Journal Article Nat Aging · December 2022 Cells respond to many stressors by senescing, acquiring stable growth arrest, morphologic and metabolic changes, and a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The heterogeneity of senescent cells (SnCs) and senescence-associated secretor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Muscle Mass Determined by D3 -Creatine Dilution and Incident Fractures in a Prospective Cohort Study of Older Men.

Journal Article J Bone Miner Res · July 2022 The relation between a novel measure of total skeletal muscle mass (assessed by D3 -creatine dilution [D3 Cr]) and incident fracture is unknown. In 1363 men (mean age 84.2 years), we determined D3 Cr muscle mass; Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) 10-yea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factor analysis to determine relative contributions of strength, physical performance, body composition and muscle mass to disability and mobility disability outcomes in older men.

Journal Article Exp Gerontol · May 2022 BACKGROUND: It is not known how measures of body composition, strength and physical performance are interrelated or how empirical groupings of these measures relate to disability and mobility disability. METHODS: Muscle mass was assessed by D3-creatine dil ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unexplained anemia of aging: Etiology, health consequences, and diagnostic criteria.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2022 BACKGROUND: Up to 15% of people aged 60 and over are anemic, and the prevalence of anemia increases with age. In older men and women, anemia is associated with increases in the risk of death and all-cause hospitalization, poor functional capacity, quality ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association of muscle mass measured by D3-Creatine (D3Cr), sarcopenic obesity, and insulin-glucose homeostasis in postmenopausal women.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 The D3-Creatine (D3Cr) dilution method is a direct and accurate measure of skeletal muscle mass. In this study, we examined the association of D3Cr muscle mass with measures of insulin-glucose homeostasis in community dwelling postmenopausal women. Additio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Profoundly lower muscle mass and rate of contractile protein synthesis in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Journal Article J Physiol · December 2021 Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) experience a progressive loss of functional muscle mass, with fibrosis and lipid accumulation. Accurate evaluation of whole-body functional muscle mass (MM) in DMD patients has not previously been possible and th ... Full text Link to item Cite

D3-creatine dilution for the noninvasive measurement of skeletal muscle mass in premature infants.

Journal Article Pediatr Res · May 2021 BACKGROUND: The rate of accrual of muscle mass in neonates has not been assessed. We describe the D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method, a noninvasive assessment of muscle mass in neonates. METHODS: A total of 76 neonates >26-week-old corrected gestational ag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Fortetropin on the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · January 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Fortetropin is a proteo-lipid complex made from fertilized egg yolk and, in young men, has been shown to increase lean body mass. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 21 days of Fortetropin supplementation on the fra ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Muscle Mass Assessed by the D3-Creatine Dilution Method and Incident Self-reported Disability and Mortality in a Prospective Observational Study of Community-Dwelling Older Men.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · January 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Whether low muscle mass is a risk factor for disability and mortality is unclear. Associations between approximations of muscle mass (including lean mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA]), and these outcomes are inconsistent. METHODS ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Deuterated Creatine Dilution to Assess Muscle Mass (D3-Cr Muscle Mass) in Humans: Methods, Early Results, and Future Directions

Chapter · January 1, 2021 This chapter describes the operational aspects of the deuterated creatine (D3-Cr) dilution protocol including the methods for administering the timed dose and urine collection and calculation of creatine (Cr) pool size and muscle mass. The D3-Cr dilution m ... Full text Cite

Walking Speed and Muscle Mass Estimated by the D3-Creatine Dilution Method Are Important Components of Sarcopenia Associated With Incident Mobility Disability in Older Men: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · December 2020 OBJECTIVES: It is unknown whether muscle mass measured by the D3-creatine dilution method is a superior predictor of incident mobility disability than traditional components of sarcopenia definitions (including grip strength, walking speed, appendicular le ... Full text Link to item Cite

Testosterone supplementation upregulates androgen receptor expression and translational capacity during severe energy deficit.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · October 1, 2020 Testosterone supplementation during energy deficit promotes whole body lean mass accretion, but the mechanisms underlying that effect remain unclear. To elucidate those mechanisms, skeletal muscle molecular adaptations were assessed from muscle biopsies co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Body Composition Measurements from Birth through 5 Years: Challenges, Gaps, and Existing & Emerging Technologies-A National Institutes of Health workshop.

Journal Article Obes Rev · August 2020 Body composition estimates are widely used in clinical research and field studies as measures of energy-nutrient balance, functionality and health. Despite their broad relevance and multiple applications, important gaps remain in techniques available for a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Importance of Muscle Versus Fat Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity: A Re-evaluation Using D3-Creatine Muscle Mass Versus DXA Lean Mass Measurements.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · June 18, 2020 BACKGROUND: The combination of sarcopenia and obesity has been associated with physical impairment in older people. However, previous research has relied on assessments of lean mass as a surrogate for muscle mass. We postulate that inaccurate measures of m ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · June 18, 2020 BACKGROUND: We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men. METHODS: Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of change in muscle mass assessed by D3 -creatine dilution with changes in grip strength and walking speed.

Journal Article J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · February 2020 BACKGROUND: Muscle mass declines with age. However, common assessments used to quantify muscle mass are indirect. The D3 -creatine (D3 Cr) dilution method is a direct assessment of muscle mass; however, longitudinal changes have not been examined in relati ... Full text Link to item Cite

ICFSR Task Force Perspective on Biomarkers for Sarcopenia and Frailty.

Journal Article J Frailty Aging · 2020 Biomarkers of frailty and sarcopenia are essential to advance the understanding of these conditions of aging and develop new diagnostic tools and effective treatments. The International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR) Task Force - a g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of testosterone supplementation on body composition and lower-body muscle function during severe exercise- and diet-induced energy deficit: A proof-of-concept, single centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.

Journal Article EBioMedicine · August 2019 BACKGROUND: Severe energy deficits during military operations, produced by significant increases in exercise and limited dietary intake, result in conditions that degrade lean body mass and lower-body muscle function, which may be mediated by concomitant r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strong Relation Between Muscle Mass Determined by D3-creatine Dilution, Physical Performance, and Incidence of Falls and Mobility Limitations in a Prospective Cohort of Older Men.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · May 16, 2019 BACKGROUND: Direct assessment of skeletal muscle mass in older adults is clinically challenging. Relationships between lean mass and late-life outcomes have been inconsistent. The D3-creatine dilution method provides a direct assessment of muscle mass. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Harvard HIV and Aging Workshop: Perspectives and Priorities from Claude D. Pepper Centers and Centers for AIDS Research.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · 2019 People aging with HIV (PAWH) infection experience greater impairments in physical and cognitive function, in addition to higher rates of peripheral comorbid conditions (e.g., renal failure, diabetes, bone fracture, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overcoming obstacles in the design of cancer anorexia/weight loss trials.

Journal Article Crit Rev Oncol Hematol · September 2017 Most advanced cancer patients suffer loss of appetite (anorexia) and loss of weight. Despite the fact that cancer anorexia and weight loss are associated with a poor prognosis and detract from quality of life, no interventions have been demonstrated to pal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiological and psychological effects of testosterone during severe energy deficit and recovery: A study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial for Optimizing Performance for Soldiers (OPS).

Journal Article Contemp Clin Trials · July 2017 BACKGROUND: The physiological consequences of severe energy deficit include hypogonadism and the loss of fat-free mass. Prolonged energy deficit also impacts physical performance, mood, attentiveness, and decision-making capabilities. This study will deter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recent advances for measurement of protein synthesis rates, use of the 'Virtual Biopsy' approach, and measurement of muscle mass.

Journal Article Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care · May 2017 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Flux-rate measurements of protein synthesis and breakdown (turnover) in muscle represent an ideal class of mechanism-based biomarkers for conditions of altered muscle mass and function. We describe here new metabolic labeling techniques ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteome-wide muscle protein fractional synthesis rates predict muscle mass gain in response to a selective androgen receptor modulator in rats.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · March 15, 2016 Biomarkers of muscle protein synthesis rate could provide early data demonstrating anabolic efficacy for treating muscle-wasting conditions. Androgenic therapies have been shown to increase muscle mass primarily by increasing the rate of muscle protein syn ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Bed rest promotes reductions in walking speed, functional parameters, and aerobic fitness in older, healthy adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · January 2015 CONTEXT: The exact relationship between the bed rest-induced loss of skeletal muscle and reductions in muscle strength and physical performance in the older individuals is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of 10 days of bed rest on changes i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Total body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in humans.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · June 15, 2014 Current methods for clinical estimation of total body skeletal muscle mass have significant limitations. We tested the hypothesis that creatine (methyl-d3) dilution (D3-creatine) measured by enrichment of urine D3-creatinine reveals total body creatine poo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Longitudinal changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular events in older adults.

Journal Article Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) · May 2014 OBJECTIVE: While low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, there are limited data evaluating the association of longitudinal change in HDL-C with CV event risk in older populations. Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bed rest worsens impairments in fat and glucose metabolism in older, overweight adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · March 2014 BACKGROUND: The effects of bed rest on the dysregulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism have not been addressed in the older population. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of 10 days of bed rest on fatty acid kinetics and hepatic and peripheral insuli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · January 15, 2014 A splice form of IGF-1, IGF-1Eb, is upregulated after exercise or injury. Physiological responses have been ascribed to the 24-amino acid COOH-terminal peptide that is cleaved from the NH3-terminal 70-amino acid mature IGF-1 protein. This COOH-terminal pep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human and mouse skeletal muscle stem cells: convergent and divergent mechanisms of myogenesis.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 Satellite cells are the chief contributor to skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. The study of mouse satellite cells has accelerated in recent years due to technical advancements in the isolation of these cells. The study of human satellite cells has l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age attenuates leucine oxidation after eccentric exercise.

Journal Article Int J Sports Med · August 2013 Aging may alter protein metabolism during periods of metabolic and physiologic challenge. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of age on whole-body amino acid turnover in response to eccentric exercise and hyperglycemia-induced hyperinsuline ... Full text Link to item Cite

Skeletal Muscle Effects on the Skeleton

Chapter · July 19, 2013 Skeletal muscle has an important role in the development of a number of geriatric syndromes besides its vital role in movement and in the etiology of mobility disability. It is the primary site of glucose disposal, and muscle insulin resistance is a key fe ... Full text Cite

Designing pharmaceutical trials for sarcopenia in frail older adults: EU/US Task Force recommendations.

Journal Article J Nutr Health Aging · July 2013 An international task force of academic and industry leaders in sarcopenia research met on December 5, 2012 in Orlando, Florida to develop guidelines for designing and executing randomized clinical trials of sarcopenia treatments. The Task Force reviewed r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal changes in total body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass using the D3-creatine dilution method.

Journal Article J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · June 25, 2013 BACKGROUND: We recently validated in cross-sectional studies a new method to determine total body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass based on D3-creatine dilution from an oral dose and detection of urinary creatinine enrichment by isotope ratio ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials-recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia.

Journal Article J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · September 2012 Sarcopenia, the age-related skeletal muscle decline, is associated with relevant clinical and socioeconomic negative outcomes in older persons. The study of this phenomenon and the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies represent public health pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frailty and sarcopenia: definitions and outcome parameters.

Journal Article Osteoporos Int · July 2012 An operational definition of musculoskeletal decline in older people is needed to allow development of interventions for prevention or treatment, as was developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. Frailty and sarcopenia are linked, but distinct, correlate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass determination by creatine-(methyl-D3) dilution in rats.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · June 2012 There is currently no direct, facile method to determine total-body skeletal muscle mass for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse. We tested in rats the hypothesis that the enrichment of ... Full text Link to item Cite

FRAILTY AND SARCOPENIA

Conference OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL · June 1, 2012 Link to item Cite

Discovering pathways of sarcopenia in older adults: a role for insulin resistance on mitochondria dysfunction.

Journal Article J Nutr Health Aging · December 2011 The precise cause of sarcopenia, skeletal muscle loss and strength, in older persons is unknown. However, there is a strong evidence for muscle loss due to insulin resistance as well as mitochondrial dysfunction over aging. Considering that epidemiological ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · July 2011 A consensus conference convened by the Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders has concluded that "Sarcopenia, ie, reduced muscle mass, with limited mobility" should be considered an important clinical entity and that most older persons shoul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sarcopenia: designing phase IIB trials.

Journal Article J Nutr Health Aging · June 2011 Sarcopenia is the age-related involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and functionality that can lead to the development of disability, frailty and increased health care costs. The development of interventions aimed at preventing and/or treating sarcopeni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · May 2011 Sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, has considerable societal consequences for the development of frailty, disability, and health care planning. A group of geriatricians and scientists from academia and industry met in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure in sarcopenia.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · March 2011 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess reduced muscle strength in sarcopenia. DESIGN: Qualitative research study. SETTING: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects with sa ... Full text Link to item Cite

FRAILTY AND MUSCLE METABOLISM DYSREGULATION IN THE ELDERLY

Conference OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL · March 1, 2011 Link to item Cite

Myopenia-a new universal term for muscle wasting.

Journal Article J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · March 2011 A universal term describing the presence of clinically relevant muscle wasting that warrants medical intervention is required. The term sarcopenia might be used in this context. However, common use now means that sarcopenia is more often regarded as synony ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strength training, walking, and social activity improve sleep in nursing home and assisted living residents: randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · February 2011 OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of physical resistance strength training and walking (E), individualized social activity (SA), and E and SA (ESA) with a usual care control group on total nocturnal sleep time in nursing home and assisted living residents ... Full text Link to item Cite

Drug discovery and development for ageing: opportunities and challenges.

Journal Article Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci · January 12, 2011 The prevention and treatment of late-life dysfunction are the goals of most geriatricians and should be the primary target for discovery and development of new medicines for elderly people. However, the development of new medicines for elderly people will ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: clinical implications, diagnosis, and emerging treatment strategies.

Journal Article Annu Rev Med · 2011 Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle. Common clinical manifestations include muscle wasting, anemia, reduced caloric intake, and altered immune function, which contribute to increased disability, fatigue ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise for Successful Aging

Chapter · December 27, 2010 Full text Cite

Energetics of walking in elderly people: factors related to gait speed.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · December 2010 BACKGROUND: Slow walking speed in elderly people predicts increased morbidity and mortality. We examined factors that may be associated with decreased habitual walking speed in older men and women. METHODS: Older (range: 60-88 years, mean = 72.5 years) men ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frailty and muscle metabolism dysregulation in the elderly.

Journal Article Biogerontology · October 2010 The frailty syndrome is increasingly recognized by geriatricians to identify elders at an extreme risk of adverse health outcomes. The physiological changes that result in frailty are complex and up to now have been extremely difficult to characterize due ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · July 2010 The Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disease convened an expert panel to develop nutritional recommendations for prevention and management of sarcopenia. Exercise (both resistance and aerobic) in combination with adequate protein and energy in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consensus on cachexia definitions.

Journal Article J Am Med Dir Assoc · May 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · April 2010 Loss of skeletal muscle mass occurs during aging (sarcopenia), disease (cachexia), or inactivity (atrophy). This article contrasts and compares the metabolic causes of loss of muscle resulting from these conditions. An understanding of the underlying cause ... Full text Link to item Cite

EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly.

Journal Article Clin Nutr · February 2010 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Older individuals are more likely to experience extended hospitalization and become protein malnourished during hospitalization. The concomitant compulsory inactivity results in functional decline. Increasing protein intake in hospitaliz ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of exercise training compared to caloric restriction on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in obesity.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · November 2009 CONTEXT: It has been difficult to distinguish the independent effects of caloric restriction versus exercise training on insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: Utilizing metabolic feeding and supervised exercise training, we examined the influence of caloric restr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of exercise intensity on abdominal fat and adiponectin in elderly adults.

Journal Article Metab Syndr Relat Disord · August 2009 To examine the influence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO(2peak)) exercise training (MI) versus high-intensity (75% of VO(2peak)) exercise training (HI) on regional fat distribution and plasma adiponectin, we randomized 18 overweight (body mass index [BMI] ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visceral fat and adiponectin: associations with insulin resistance are tissue-specific in women.

Journal Article Metab Syndr Relat Disord · February 2009 Body fatness and its distribution are strongly and independently associated with peripheral insulin action. However, these associations are limited in their ability to predict the independent nature of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, especially ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cachexia and aging: an update based on the Fourth International Cachexia Meeting.

Conference J Nutr Health Aging · January 2009 This manuscript highlights the new developments in the pathophysiology of anorexia, cachexia and sarcopenia, based on presentations given at the Fourth International Cachexia Meeting. It stresses the importance of these conditions in older persons. ... Full text Link to item Cite

PUFA supplements and type 2 diabetes in the elderly.

Journal Article Curr Pharm Des · 2009 The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing continuously, especially in older people. Such a rapidly rising risk has been linked to physical inactivity and evolutionary changes in dietary patterns (mainly characterized by a greater intake in dietary fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cachexia: a new definition.

Journal Article Clin Nutr · December 2008 On December 13th and 14th a group of scientists and clinicians met in Washington, DC, for the cachexia consensus conference. At the present time, there is no widely agreed upon operational definition of cachexia. The lack of a definition accepted by clinic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human brain evolution: food for thoughts.

Journal Article Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care · November 2008 Full text Link to item Cite

Editorial introductions

Journal Article Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · November 1, 2008 Cite

Functional impact of 10 days of bed rest in healthy older adults.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · October 2008 BACKGROUND: Many older individuals decline functionally during hospitalization, and the deleterious consequences of bed rest may be one cause. This study reports on the effect of 10 days of bed rest on multiple functional parameters in healthy older adults ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of different doses of caffeine on exercise responses in young children.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · May 2008 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of three different doses of caffeine on physiological responses to exercise in young children. METHODS: Forty healthy children (20 boys and 20 girls) volunteered for a random, double-blind, counterb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fat distribution and glucose metabolism in older, obese men and women.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · December 2007 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have identified relationships between subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAF), visceral fat (VF), and insulin resistance. In addition, lower muscle attenuation and decreased adiponectin have also been associated with insulin resistanc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and feasibility of a novel tri-modal robust exercise prescription in a retirement community: a randomized, controlled trial.

Conference J Am Geriatr Soc · January 2007 OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility and efficacy of current guidelines for multimodal exercise programs in older adults. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Retirement village. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight subjects (14 men and 24 women) aged 76.6 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiological basis of fatigue.

Journal Article Am J Phys Med Rehabil · January 2007 This work summarizes our knowledge of the physiological basis of fatigue and the effects of exercise and pharmacological interventions on fatigue. Fatigue may be defined as physical and/or mental weariness resulting from exertion, that is, an inability to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of weight loss in Parkinson's disease.

Journal Article Mov Disord · July 2006 The objective of this study was to examine the change of body weight (BW) among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and controls over years and determine the predictors of weight loss among PD patients. Studies on weight loss in PD studies are cross-sectiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of insulin sensitivity assessment indices with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp data after a dietary and exercise intervention in older adults.

Journal Article Metabolism · April 2006 Multiple indices to assess insulin sensitivity calculated from mathematical equations based on fasting blood parameters or oral glucose tolerance data have been developed. Although these indices have frequently been validated using euglycemic-hyperinsuline ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · March 2006 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise training and weight loss have independent effects on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (ISGD). We hypothesized that ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet would result in we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aging alters macrophage properties in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise.

Journal Article Exp Gerontol · March 2006 Macrophages are involved in skeletal muscle repair through pro-inflammatory and alternative functions. We tested the hypothesis that aging alters the abundance and properties of skeletal muscle macrophages that will influence their functional response to a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise-induced changes in insulin action and glycogen metabolism in elderly adults.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · March 2006 PURPOSE: Although data suggest that physical activity is associated with decreased insulin resistance, recommendations for exercise training are not specific for age or level of obesity. Therefore, we examined the influence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of muscle strength training and testosterone in frail elderly males.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · October 2005 PURPOSE: Determine the independent and combined effects of progressive resistance muscle strength training (PRMST) and testosterone on strength, muscle mass, and function in hypogonadal elderly male recuperative care patients. METHODS: Between 1999 and 200 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of megestrol acetate on pituitary function and end-organ hormone secretion: a post hoc analysis of serum samples from a 12-week study in healthy older men.

Journal Article Am J Geriatr Pharmacother · September 2005 BACKGROUND: Megestrol acetate (MA) is a synthetic progestin commonly used to promote weight gain in malnourished older individuals. In small studies, MA administration has been associated with reduced serum cortisol concentrations in patients with cancer o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise training effects on skeletal muscle plasticity and IGF-1 receptors in frail elders.

Journal Article Age (Dordr) · June 2005 Age-related sarcopenia inhibits mobility, increasing the risk for developing many diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, and heart disease. Tissue plasticity, or the ability to regenerate following stress, has been a subject of question in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on exercise capacity in patients with HIV-associated wasting on HAART.

Journal Article AIDS Read · June 2005 Over 700 patients with HIV-associated wasting while receiving HAART were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment for 12 weeks with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) daily or on alternate days, or to placebo. Maximum exercise intensity increased b ... Link to item Cite

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on exercise capacity in patients with HIV-associated wasting on HAART

Journal Article AIDS Reader · January 1, 2005 Over 700 patients with HIV-associated wasting while receiving HAART were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment for 12 weeks with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) daily or on alternate days, or to placebo. Maximum exercise intensity increased b ... Cite

Protein nutrition, exercise and aging.

Journal Article J Am Coll Nutr · December 2004 Aging is associated with remarkable changes in body composition. Loss of skeletal muscle, a process called sarcopenia, is a prominent feature of these changes. In addition, gains in total body fat and visceral fat content continue into late life. The cause ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 2004 BACKGROUND: An increased central distribution of fat with advancing age is associated with chronic metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Little is known about the magnitude or pattern of fat distribution and its association with healthy aging. OBJECT ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Structured Resistive Training Program Improves Muscle Strength and Power in Elderly Persons with Dementia

Journal Article Activities, Adaptation and Aging · February 9, 2004 The primary aim of this study was to determine if resistive training would increase muscle strength and power in cognitively impaired elderly people. The secondary aim was to assess whether resistive training influenced physical functional abilities. Eight ... Full text Cite

Glucose clearance is delayed after hyperglycemia in healthy elderly men.

Journal Article J Nutr · July 2003 Delayed glucose clearance after hyperglycemia may contribute to insulin resistance. Rates of glucose and insulin decay were measured after 3 h of sustained hyperglycemia (10 mmol/L) in 8 healthy older men (66 +/- 2 y) and were compared with those of 8 youn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Body composition in ambulatory women with multiple sclerosis.

Journal Article Arch Phys Med Rehabil · November 2002 OBJECTIVE: To compare whole-body fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and control subjects without MS. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled trial or cross-sectional study. SETTING: An exercise physiology laborato ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physical function in men and women with cancer. Effects of anemia and conditioning.

Journal Article Oncology (Williston Park) · September 2002 Fatigue is an extraordinarily common consequence of cancer and its treatment. Fatigue can result in diminished cognitive and physical functional capacity and may be the result of multiple causes. However, aside from psychological factors, the main physiolo ... Link to item Cite

Higher dietary variety is associated with better nutritional status in frail elderly people.

Journal Article J Am Diet Assoc · August 2002 OBJECTIVE: A narrow range of food choices may lead to dietary inadequacies, a particular concern in elderly people. We hypothesized that consumption of a more diverse diet would predict better nutritional status in frail elderly persons. SUBJECTS: Subjects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 2002 BACKGROUND: Estimates of body-composition change in older adults are mostly derived from cross-sectional data. OBJECTIVE: We examined the natural longitudinal patterns of change in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in older adults and explored the effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lower body versus whole body resistive exercise training and energy requirements of older men and women.

Journal Article Metabolism · August 2002 A person's energy requirement is defined as the metabolizable energy intake (MEI) consumed over a period of body weight stability. Controversy exists regarding whether resistive exercise training (RT) influences the energy requirement of older people. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary protein adequacy and lower body versus whole body resistive training in older humans.

Journal Article J Physiol · July 15, 2002 This study assessed the effects of long-term consumption of the United States Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein by older people who were sedentary or performed resistive training (RT) on body composition, skeletal muscle size and protein meta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of testosterone replacement and/or resistance exercise on the composition of megestrol acetate stimulated weight gain in elderly men: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · May 2002 Megestrol acetate (MA) (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, NJ) increases weight gain in AIDS and cancer patients and in age-related cachexia; however, the weight gain is predominately fat. We determined if adding resistance exercise and/or testosterone ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on postexercise muscle protein synthesis.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · March 2002 We examined the effect of two commonly consumed over-the-counter analgesics, ibuprofen and acetaminophen, on muscle protein synthesis and soreness after high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise. Twenty-four males (25 +/- 3 yr, 180 +/- 6 cm, 81 +/- 6 kg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure skaters.

Journal Article J Am Diet Assoc · March 2002 OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of female competitive figure skaters during preseason, competitive season, and off-season. SUBJECTS: Eighteen female competitive figure skaters, age range 14 to 16 years, from the New England region. STATISTICS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Titin and nebulin content in human skeletal muscle following eccentric resistance exercise.

Journal Article Muscle Nerve · February 2002 We measured titin and nebulin content in muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis before and 24 h after one bout of high-intensity eccentric knee extensor resistance exercise in seven men (26 +/- 3 years). Titin and nebulin content were significantly (P < ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of long-term resistance training and detraining on strength and physical activity in older women

Journal Article Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · January 1, 2002 Resistance training (RT) increases strength in older adults, but there have been few studies of long-term RT or detraining in older adults. Postmenopausal participants (51-71 years of age) were randomized to RT or a control group for Year 1. For Year 2, pa ... Full text Cite

Human aging is associated with altered TNF-alpha production during hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · December 2001 Changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may provide a mechanism to explain impaired glucose metabolism with advancing age. Hyperglycemic clamps (180 min, 10 mM) were performed on seven older [67 +/- 2 yr; body mass index (BMI) 24.7 +/- 1.0 kg/m( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Skeletal muscle PGF(2)(alpha) and PGE(2) in response to eccentric resistance exercise: influence of ibuprofen acetaminophen.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · October 2001 PGs have been shown to modulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism as well as inflammation and pain. In nonskeletal muscle tissues, the over the counter analgesic drugs ibuprofen and acetaminophen function through suppression of PG synthesis. We previously ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of moderate and high glycemic index meals on metabolism and exercise performance.

Journal Article Metabolism · July 2001 The purpose of this study was to determine whether pre-exercise ingestion of meals with moderate and high glycemic indexes (GI) affects glucose availability during exercise and exercise performance time. Six male volunteers (22 +/- 1 years; 80.4 +/- 3.7 kg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults: influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · May 2001 The longitudinal changes in isokinetic strength of knee and elbow extensors and flexors, muscle mass, physical activity, and health were examined in 120 subjects initially 46 to 78 years old. Sixty-eight women and 52 men were reexamined after 9.7 +/- 1.1 y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protein nutrition and resistance exercise.

Journal Article Can J Appl Physiol · 2001 Strength conditioning will result in an increase in muscle size and this increase in size is largely the result of increased contractile proteins. The mechanisms by which the mechanical events stimulate an increase in RNA synthesis and subsequent protein s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships of plasma C-peptide and gender to the urinary excretion of inositols in older people.

Journal Article Horm Metab Res · January 2001 PURPOSE: The urinary excretions of myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are elevated in diabetes, and have been suggested as possible markers or effectors of insulin action. The aim of the present study was to measure the urinary excretion of these compounds, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aged human muscle demonstrates an altered gene expression profile consistent with an impaired response to exercise.

Journal Article Mech Ageing Dev · December 1, 2000 The gene expression profile of skeletal muscle from healthy older (62-75 years old) compared with younger (20-34 years old) men demonstrated elevated expression of genes typical of a stress or damage response, and decreased expression of a gene encoding a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vitamin E, vitamin C, and exercise.

Conference Am J Clin Nutr · August 2000 Exercise increases the generation of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Strenuous exercise in a person who is unconditioned or unaccustomed to exercise will induce oxidative damage and result in muscle injury. However, aerobic exercise training s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · April 2000 The present study examines age-related changes in skeletal muscle size and function after 12 yr. Twelve healthy sedentary men were studied in 1985-86 (T1) and nine (initial mean age 65.4 +/- 4.2 yr) were reevaluated in 1997-98 (T2). Isokinetic muscle stren ... Full text Link to item Cite

Insulin-like growth factor I in skeletal muscle after weight-lifting exercise in frail elders.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · July 1999 To assess muscle remodeling and functional adaptation to exercise and diet interventions, 26 men and women aged 72-98 yr underwent a vastus lateralis biopsy before and after placebo control condition, and progressive resistance training, multinutrient supp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise and the treatment of wasting: aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal Article Semin Oncol · April 1998 A common feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and aging is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. Although the causes of this loss of muscle are multifactorial, there may be some shared characteristics to this loss, and therefore common strat ... Link to item Cite

Exercise and nutritional needs of elderly people: effects on muscle and bone.

Journal Article Gerodontology · 1998 Advancing age is associated with a remarkable number of changes in body composition. Reductions in lean body mass have been well characterized. This decreased lean body mass occurs primarily as a result of losses in skeletal muscle mass. This age-related l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-protein dietary intake results in reduced plasma IGF-I levels and skeletal muscle fiber atrophy in elderly women

Journal Article FASEB Journal · December 1, 1997 The effects of protein restriction without energy deficit on IGF-I levels, skeletal muscle size and function were evaluated in 12 healthy sedentary elderly women over a 10-week period. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two weight maintaining diets ... Cite

The reproducibility of the Bruce protocol exercise test for the determination of aerobic capacity in older women.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · August 1997 The reproducibility of the Bruce exercise test protocol for the determination of maximal aerobic activity was evaluated in sedentary older women. Seventeen women between the ages of 51 and 68 yr performed five maximal graded exercise tests to volitional fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscle uptake of vitamin E and its association with muscle fiber type

Journal Article Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · February 1, 1997 The effect of 800 IU vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation for 30 days on α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in gastrocnemius muscle and the relation between vitamin E concentrations and the distribution of Type I and II fibers was investigat ... Full text Cite

A 20-yr longitudinal study of Olympic oarsmen.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · September 1996 Nine 1972 silver-medalist oarsmen were studied before the Olympic Games and 10 and 20 yr later. Peak power, metabolic responses, and heart rate were recorded during rowing ergometry; blood lactate was measured following exercise. The skinfold equation yiel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · May 1996 The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of various body-composition assessment techniques to detect changes in soft tissue in older, weight-stable women (50-70 y of age) completing a 1-y randomized, controlled trial of progressive resistance t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of age on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during experimental overfeeding in healthy men.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · March 1996 Relatively little is known about the influence of age on energy regulation during energy imbalance. We compared the effects of overfeeding on changes in energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and energy deposition between young men (age 23.7 +/- 1.1 [SEM ... Full text Link to item Cite

What Is Sarcopenia?

Journal Article The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · November 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Long-term effects of a high-carbohydrate diet and exercise on insulin action in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 1995 Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed in 20 glucose-intolerant subjects before and after 12 wk on a high-carbohydrate diet (HC) or the diet combined with exercise training (HC-EX). The diet provided 60% of energy as carbohydrate and 20% as fat. Neither trea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscle strength and body composition: associations with bone density in older subjects.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · July 1995 This study investigated the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and bone density (SPA and DPA) in men and women aged 45-77 yr. Regression models were adjusted for age, weight, smoking status, and calcium supplementation. Elbow extensors (but no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elderly women accommodate to a low-protein diet with losses of body cell mass, muscle function, and immune response.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · July 1995 A 9-wk study of adaptation to marginal protein intakes was conducted in 12 elderly women. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups fed a weight-maintenance diet containing either 1.47 (low) or 2.94 (adequate) g protein.kg body cell mass-1.d-1 (0.45 an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protein turnover and energy metabolism of elderly women fed a low-protein diet.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · July 1995 The metabolic mechanisms of accommodation to a low-protein diet in elderly women were studied. Diets containing 1.47 (low) or 2.94 (adequate) g protein.kg body cell mass-1.d-1 (0.45 or 0.92 g.kg body weight-1.d-1, respectively) were fed for 10 wk. Fed stat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Military body fat standards and equations applied to middle-aged women.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · July 1995 Military circumference equations are used to assess compliance of military personnel with body fat (BF) standards. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of military equations to correctly classify 62 women aged 40-60 yr (50.9 +/- 6. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strength improvements with 1 yr of progressive resistance training in older women.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · June 1995 Thirty-nine healthy women (59.5 +/- 0.9 yr) were randomized to either a control group (CON) or a progressive resistance training group (PRT) that trained twice weekly for 12 months. PRT trained at 80% or more (average of 84%) of their most recent one repet ... Link to item Cite

Effects of resistance training and dietary protein intake on protein metabolism in older adults

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · June 1, 1995 Nitrogen (N) balance, fed-state leucine kinetics, and urinary 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) excretion were examined in 12 men and women, aged 56–80 yr, before and during 12 wk of resistance training (RT). Subjects were randomized to groups that consume ... Full text Cite

Aging and dietary modulation of elastase and interleukin-1 beta secretion.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · January 1995 Aging is associated with diminished immune function that may stem from alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. This study sought to determine if dietary modification of fatty acids influenced neutrophil and monocyte secretion aft ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolic responses to exercise

Journal Article Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. A randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article JAMA · December 28, 1994 OBJECTIVE: To determine how multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures could be modified by high-intensity strength training exercises in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial of 1-year duration. SETTING: Exercise laboratory at Tu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of food intake in older men.

Journal Article JAMA · November 23, 1994 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aging on mechanisms of body energy regulation and thereby determine the causes of unexplained weight loss in older persons, a factor predisposing to premature death and disability. DESIGN: Dietary intervention study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased protein requirements in elderly people: new data and retrospective reassessments.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · October 1994 Dietary protein requirements of elderly people were determined by short-term nitrogen-balance techniques and using calculations recommended by the 1985 Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Twelve men and women aged 56-80 y were randomly assigned to group ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased energy requirements and changes in body composition with resistance training in older adults.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · August 1994 Body composition and the components of energy metabolism were examined in 12 men and women, aged 56-80 y, before and after 12 wk of resistance training. Subjects were randomly assigned to groups that consumed diets that providing either 0.8 or 1.6 g protei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · June 23, 1994 BACKGROUND: Although disuse of skeletal muscle and undernutrition are often cited as potentially reversible causes of frailty in elderly people, the efficacy of interventions targeted specifically at these deficits has not been carefully studied. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aging and stress-induced changes in complement activation and neutrophil mobilization.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · June 1994 We measured the extent of complement activation and neutrophil mobilization after eccentric exercise to determine whether these responses were age dependent and whether they were associated with changes in plasma creatine kinase (CK), a marker for muscle m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lipoprotein response to exercise training and a low-fat diet in older subjects with glucose intolerance.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · April 1994 The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training (Ex), a low-fat diet (LF, 19% fat), or combined interventions (LF-Ex) on lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, HDL, and VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in glucose-intoler ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of aging on body fat.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · November 1993 Link to item Cite

Reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing in 45- to 78-year-old men and women.

Journal Article Arch Phys Med Rehabil · November 1993 The test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength testing was determined in 45- to 78-year-old men (N = 71; mean age = 60.2 years) and women (N = 107; mean age = 60.0 years). The dynamic muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensor (KE, EE) and f ... Link to item Cite

The etiology and reversibility of muscle dysfunction in the aged.

Journal Article J Gerontol · September 1993 Muscle weakness in the elderly is prevalent and morbid, closely linked to the frailty, functional decline, immobility, falls, and injuries in this population. The marked decrease in skeletal muscle strength and size with aging is a multifactorial syndrome ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships between in vivo and in vitro measurements of metabolism in young and old human calf muscles.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · August 1993 This study compared in vivo measurements of muscle metabolism in humans with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and in vitro analysis of biopsies. Healthy subjects [4 young males, 28.2 +/- 6.8 (SD) yr, and 6 older subjects (5 males, 1 female), 66 +/- 6. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute phase response in exercise. III. Neutrophil and IL-1 beta accumulation in skeletal muscle.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · July 1993 Nine untrained men (22-29 yr) performed 45 min of downhill running (16% incline, 70% of maximum heart rate). Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before, 45 min after, and 5 days after exercise. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle cros ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · June 1993 A decline in insulin sensitivity is associated with aging, inactivity, and obesity. The effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis independent of weight loss in older glucose-intolerant individuals are not well established. We examined the effects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protective effect of vitamin E on exercise-induced oxidative damage in young and older adults.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · May 1993 The protective effect of vitamin E supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative damage was tested in 21 male volunteers. Nine young (22-29 yr) and 12 older (55-74 yr) sedentary male subjects participated in a double-blind protocol and received either 800 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of fasting and feeding on measurement of carbon dioxide production using doubly labeled water.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · April 1993 The doubly labeled water method is a noninvasive technique for measurement of rates of CO2 production and total energy expenditure in free-living human subjects. The experimental protocol used in validation studies usually involves prolonged fasting before ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Boston FICSIT study: the effects of resistance training and nutritional supplementation on physical frailty in the oldest old.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 1993 Research indicates that lower extremity muscle weakness in the elderly is consistently related to impaired mobility and fall risk. Reversible components of the muscle weakness of aging include underuse syndromes and undernutrition, both of which are preval ... Full text Link to item Cite

Energy expenditure, aging and body composition.

Conference J Nutr · February 1993 We investigated the importance of adaptive variations in energy expenditure in the regulation of energy balance in young and elderly men of normal body weight leading unrestricted lives. Changes were measured in total and resting energy expenditure and bod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition and functional capacity.

Conference J Nutr · February 1993 Advancing adult age is associated with profound changes in body composition. One of the most prominent of these changes is sarcopenia, defined as the age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, which results in decreased strength and aerobic capacity and thu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise and protein metabolism.

Conference World Rev Nutr Diet · 1993 Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise and lean weight.

Journal Article Nutr Rev · January 1993 Full text Link to item Cite

Acute phase response in exercise III. Neutrophil and IL-1β accumulation in skeletal muscle

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology · January 1, 1993 Nine untrained men (22-29 yr) performed 45 min of downhill running (16% incline, 70% of maximum heart rate). Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before, 45 min after, and 5 days after exercise. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle cros ... Cite

What are the dietary energy needs of elderly adults?

Journal Article Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord · December 1992 The energy requirements of healthy elderly men were investigated by measuring total energy expenditure (TEE), body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE), using 2H2(18)O techniques and indirect calorimetry during ten days when a weight maintainin ... Link to item Cite

Exercise, nutrition and aging.

Conference J Nutr · March 1992 Advancing age is associated with profound changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, decreased fat-free mass (particularly muscle), decreased total body water and decreased bone density. Along with these changes in body compositions, and pe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.

Journal Article Clin Sci (Lond) · March 1992 1. Residents of a chronic care hospital (13 men of mean age 88.5 +/- 6 SD years and 13 women of mean age 86.5 +/- 6 SD years) who had multiple pathologies were assessed for leg extensor capability in several ways. 2. A custom-built rig was used to assess l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced left ventricular diastolic filling associated with long-term endurance training.

Journal Article J Gerontol · March 1992 Normal aging is associated with an impairment in early left ventricular diastolic filling. To test the hypothesis that long-term endurance exercise training is associated with enhanced ventricular diastolic filling indices, we compared transmitral pulsed D ... Full text Link to item Cite

Body composition in elderly men: effect of dietary modification during strength training.

Journal Article J Am Geriatr Soc · February 1992 OBJECTIVE: To assess how dietary change affects gain in strength and muscle mass during heavy resistance training of elderly men. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. INTERVENTION: During 12 weeks of resistance training of knee extensors and flexors, a dai ... Full text Link to item Cite

ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE TO EXERCISE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROTECTION BY VITAMIN-E

Journal Article ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES · 1992 Cite

Dietary energy requirements of young adult men, determined by using the doubly labeled water method.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · September 1991 We examined the hypothesis that current recommendations on dietary energy requirements may underestimate the total energy needs of young adult men, by measuring total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) in 14 weight-maintaining he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage in older men.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · September 1991 Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity has often been used as a marker of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. While the pattern of muscle damage following eccentric exercise has been established in young adults, there is little data available on eccentr ... Link to item Cite

Muscle damage: nutritional considerations.

Journal Article Int J Sport Nutr · September 1991 Most exercise results in some skeletal muscle damage. However, unaccustomed exercise and/or eccentric exercise can cause extensive damage. This exercise-induced muscle damage causes a response that can be characterized by a cascade of metabolic events. Wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · August 1991 The isokinetic strength of the elbow and knee extensors and flexors was measured in 200 healthy 45- to 78-yr-old men and women to examine the relationship between muscle strength, age, and body composition. Peak torque was measured at 60 and 240 degrees/s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced protein breakdown after eccentric exercise in young and older men.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · August 1991 The effects of eccentric exercise on whole body protein metabolism were compared in five young untrained [age 24 +/- 1 yr, maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) = 49 +/- 6 ml.kg-1.min-1] and five older untrained men (age 61 +/- 1 yr, VO2max = 34 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute phase response in exercise. II. Associations between vitamin E, cytokines, and muscle proteolysis.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · June 1991 Cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mediate a variety of host responses to trauma and infection, including skeletal muscle proteolysis. This investigation assesses the influence of damag ... Full text Link to item Cite

A 1-y walking program and increased dietary calcium in postmenopausal women: effects on bone.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · May 1991 The effects of a supervised 1-y walking program and increased dietary calcium (milk supplement, 831 mg/d, vs placebo drink, 41 mg/d) on bones were examined in 36 postmenopausal women (60.2 +/- 6.5 y). Trabecular bone-mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Muscle protein changes following eccentric exercise in humans.

Journal Article Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol · 1991 This study characterized changes in the protein composition of human muscle tissue after eccentric exercise. Four subjects performed 70 maximum eccentric, isokinetic actions of the forearm flexors with one arm. The other arm served as control. A biopsy of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leucine metabolism during fasting and exercise.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · January 1991 Whole body leucine kinetics were examined in seven healthy young men while in a 14-h postabsorptive state (PAS) and after a 3.5-day fast (FS). Subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine while resting for 3 h and then while ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute phase response in exercise: interaction of age and vitamin E on neutrophils and muscle enzyme release.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · December 1990 Several host defense responses and metabolic reactions that occur during infection have been observed after exercise. We hypothesized that these reactions, known as the "acute phase response," contribute to the breakdown and clearance of damaged tissue aft ... Full text Link to item Cite

Energy expenditure and subsequent nutrient intakes in overfed young men.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · September 1990 We investigated the mechanisms of body weight regulation in young men of normal body weight leading unrestricted lives. Changes in total and resting energy expenditure, body composition, and subsequent voluntary nutrient intakes in response to overeating b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular matrix disruption and pain after eccentric muscle action.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · September 1990 Pain, stiffness, and indicators of muscle damage occur at different times after eccentric muscle action. After a single bout of maximal resisted lengthening of the elbow flexors, elbow position, pain perception, and indicators of cellular damage were measu ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle.

Journal Article JAMA · June 13, 1990 Muscle dysfunction and associated mobility impairment, common among the frail elderly, increase the risk of falls, fractures, and functional dependency. We sought to characterize the muscle weakness of the very old and its reversibility through strength tr ... Link to item Cite

Use of p-aminobenzoic acid to monitor compliance with prescribed dietary regimens during metabolic balance studies in man.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · March 1990 A new method is described for simultaneously monitoring compliance with prescribed-diet and urine-collection regimens during metabolic balance studies. It involves incorporation of the potassium salt of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into provided foods and me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strength training and determinants of VO2max in older men.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · January 1990 The effects of strength training on maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and some of its determinants were studied in 12 healthy older men (60-72 yr). They underwent 12 wk of strength conditioning of extensors and flexors of each knee with eight repetitions per ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise in the oldest old

Journal Article Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · January 1, 1990 Full text Cite

Increased interleukin 1 beta in human skeletal muscle after exercise.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · August 1989 Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a protein released from blood monocytes and related cells in response to infectious or inflammatory stimuli. Although IL-1 beta is elevated in the circulation for only a few hours after an acute inflammatory challenge or e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary protein requirements and body protein metabolism in endurance-trained men.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · June 1989 The effects of regular submaximal exercise on dietary protein requirements, whole body protein turnover, and urinary 3-methylhistidine were determined in six young (26.8 +/- 1.2 yr) and six middle-aged (52.0 +/- 1.9 yr) endurance-trained men. They consumed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peripheral effects of endurance training in young and old subjects.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · June 1989 The effects of 12 wk of endurance training at 70% peak O2 consumption (VO2) were studied in 10 elderly (65.1 +/- 2.9 yr) and 10 young (23.6 +/- 1.8 yr) healthy men and women. Training had no effect on weight or body composition in either group. The elderly ... Full text Link to item Cite

EXERCISE-RELATED AMENORRHEA - DIET, HORMONE AND BONE STATUS, AND SERUM LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · May 1, 1989 Link to item Cite

ECCENTRIC EXERCISE INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · May 1, 1989 Link to item Cite

Effect of exercise and menstrual cycle status on plasma lipids, low density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoproteins.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · January 1989 Habitual physical exercise has been reported to have beneficial effects on plasma lipoproteins. To examine this question in women, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and B levels, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of acute exercise on plasma neurotensin levels.

Journal Article Peptides · 1989 Neurotensin (NT) levels were examined in five aerobically untrained females aged 20-36 engaged in acute graded exercise testing. In addition to radioimmunoassay measurements, high pressure liquid chromatography was performed to further characterize plasma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased interleukin 1β in human skeletal muscle after exercise

Journal Article American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology · January 1, 1989 Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a protein released from blood monocytes and related cells in response to infectious or inflammatory stimuli. Although IL-1β is elevated in the circulation for only a few hours after an acute inflammatory challenge or exercise, it ... Cite

Hormone and bone mineral status in endurance-trained and sedentary postmenopausal women.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · May 1988 Serum hormone levels and bone mineral status were studied in 18 sedentary and 15 endurance-trained postmenopausal women (mean age, 62 yr). The endurance-trained women had lower body weight, lower body fat, and higher aerobic capacity than the sedentary wom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of fasting on carbohydrate and fat metabolism during rest and exercise in men.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · May 1988 Metabolic effects of an overnight fast (postabsorptive state, PA) or a 3.5-day fast (fasted state, F) were compared in eight healthy young men at rest and during exercise to exhaustion at 45% maximum O2 uptake. Glucose rate of appearance (Ra) and disappear ... Full text Link to item Cite

EFFECT OF DIET ON BODY-COMPOSITION CHANGES DURING STRENGTH TRAINING IN ELDERLY MEN

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · April 1, 1988 Link to item Cite

Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · March 1988 The effects of strength conditioning on skeletal muscle function and mass were determined in older men. Twelve healthy untrained volunteers (age range 60-72 yr) participated in a 12-wk strength training program (8 repetitions/set; 3 sets/day; 3 days/wk) at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nutrition education for elite female runners

Journal Article Physician and Sportsmedicine · January 1, 1988 Suboptimal nutrition practices that may limit performance and promote injury prevail even among informed top competitors. A survey of the dietary habits of elite female runners showed that while most do fuel themselves with nutritious foods, others in the ... Full text Cite

Body composition and aerobic capacity in young and middle-aged endurance-trained men.

Journal Article Med Sci Sports Exerc · December 1987 Aging is associated with increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, lower maximal O2 uptake, and lower energy intake. It has been asserted that these changes are caused in part by decreased activity. In order to determine the effects of aging in men who ar ... Link to item Cite

BONE-MINERAL STATUS - A COMPARISON OF METHODS

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · September 1, 1987 Link to item Cite

ARM ERGOMETRY IN ELDERLY MEN

Conference ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION · September 1, 1987 Link to item Cite

Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage impairs muscle glycogen repletion.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · July 1987 Five healthy untrained young male subjects were studied before, immediately after, and 10 days after a 45-min bout of eccentric exercise on a cycle ergometer (201 W). The subjects were sedentary at all other times and consumed a eucaloric meat-free diet. N ... Full text Link to item Cite

EXERCISE-INDUCED SKELETAL-MUSCLE DAMAGE

Journal Article PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE · January 1, 1987 Link to item Cite

Influence of a 3.5 day fast on physical performance.

Journal Article European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology · January 1987 Eight young men were tested for strength, anaerobic capacity and aerobic endurance in a post absorptive state and after a 3.5 day fast. Strength was tested both isokinetically (elbow flexors, 0.52 rad x s-1 and 3.14 rad x s-1) and isometrically. Anaerobic ... Full text Cite

Letter to the editor-in-chief

Journal Article Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · January 1, 1987 Full text Cite

Physiological mechanisms contributing to increased interleukin-1 secretion.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · November 1986 Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a monocyte-derived polypeptide that mediates many host defense adaptations to environmental and infectious stresses. This investigation was intended to characterize further IL-1 activity found in human plasma following exercise (3) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metabolic changes following eccentric exercise in trained and untrained men.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · November 1986 The effects of one 45-min bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise (250 W) were studied in four male runners and five untrained men. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in these runners was higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exer ... Full text Link to item Cite

STRENGTH TRAINING IN ELDERLY MEN - EFFECTS ON MUSCLE STRENGTH AND SIZE

Journal Article ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION · September 1, 1986 Link to item Cite

PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG ENDURANCE TRAINED MEN

Journal Article JOURNAL OF NUTRITION · June 1, 1986 Link to item Cite

PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG ENDURANCE TRAINED MEN

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION · June 1, 1986 Link to item Cite

Diet and bone status in amenorrheic runners.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · June 1986 Our purpose was to determine the relationship of diet, exercise, and amenorrhea with bone mineral status in trained young women. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was significantly lower in amenorrheic compared to normally menstruating runners. Circ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bone mineral content and levels of gonadotropins and estrogens in amenorrheic running women.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · June 1986 Serum gonadotropin and estrogen levels and their relationship to bone mineral content in exercise-related amenorrhea were studied in 11 amenorrheic women and 24 eumenorrheic women, all of whom were runners. Serum estradiol, LH, FSH, estrone, and testostero ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of high intensity exercise on muscle and plasma levels of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid.

Journal Article Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol · 1986 Alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) is the product of the transamination of the indispensable amino acid leucine, which is the first step in the complete degradation of leucine. To determine the effects of intense exercise on muscle and blood levels of KIC, 7 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exercise performance and endurance training in the elderly

Journal Article Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · January 1, 1986 Full text Cite

Metabolic and ventilatory responses to steady state exercise relative to lactate thresholds.

Journal Article Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol · 1986 The metabolic and ventilatory responses to steady state submaximal exercise on the cycle ergometer were compared at four intensities in 8 healthy subjects. The trials were performed so that, after a 10 min adaptation period, power output was adjusted to ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dietary carbohydrates and endurance exercise.

Journal Article Am J Clin Nutr · May 1985 Antecedent diet can greatly influence both substrate utilization during exercise and exercise performance itself. A number of studies have convincingly demonstrated that short-term (three to seven days) adaptation to a low carbohydrate diet results in grea ... Full text Link to item Cite

ENDURANCE TRAINING IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS

Journal Article Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · April 1985 Full text Cite

Skeletal muscle injury and repair in marathon runners after competition.

Journal Article Am J Pathol · February 1985 Elevated serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in marathon runners after competition may arise from injury to skeletal muscle, myocardium, or a combined tissue source. Normal radionuclide myocardial scintigraphy and the selective increase in ... Link to item Cite

SERUM ENZYME CHANGES FOLLOWING ECCENTRIC EXERCISE

Journal Article CLINICAL CHEMISTRY · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

Elevated skeletal muscle creatine kinase MB isoenzyme levels in marathon runners.

Journal Article JAMA · November 25, 1983 Mean serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in 108 trained marathon runners after competition was 98 +/- 66 (SD) units/L measured by a quantitative electrophoretic technique (normal, less than 5 units/L), or 7.9% of total CK activity. These le ... Link to item Cite

THE INFLUENCE OF GLUC0RCORTIC0IDS ON HUMAN PROTEIN METABOLISM

Conference Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 1983 Full text Cite