Scholars@Duke
Joel Meyer

Joel Meyer

Sally Kleberg Distinguished Professorship
Environmental Sciences and Policy
joel.meyer@duke.edu
Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
A354 Lev Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

TFAM as a sensor of UVC-induced mitochondrial DNA damage.

Journal Article bioRxiv · November 1, 2024 Mitochondria lack nucleotide excision DNA repair; however, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is resistant to mutation accumulation following DNA damage. These observations suggest additional damage sensing or protection mechanisms. Transcription Factor A, Mitochon ... Full text Link to item Cite

An epigenetic memory at the CYP1A gene in cancer-resistant, pollution-adapted killifish.

Journal Article bioRxiv · August 16, 2024 Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a significant and growing public health problem. Frequent, high dose exposures are likely to increase due to a warming climate and increased frequency of large-scale wildfires. Here, we characteri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comprehensive characterization of mitochondrial bioenergetics at different larval stages reveals novel insights about the developmental metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article bioRxiv · June 30, 2024 Mitochondrial bioenergetic processes are fundamental to development, stress responses, and health. Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used to study developmental biology, mitochondrial disease, and mitochondrial toxicity. Oxidative phosphorylation generally ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lack of detectable sex differences in the mitochondrial function of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article BMC Ecol Evol · April 26, 2024 BACKGROUND: Sex differences in mitochondrial function have been reported in multiple tissue and cell types. Additionally, sex-variable responses to stressors including environmental pollutants and drugs that cause mitochondrial toxicity have been observed. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morphological hallmarks of dopaminergic neurodegeneration are associated with altered neuron function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · January 2024 Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent model system to study neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, as it enables analysis of both neuron morphology and function in live animals. Multiple structural changes in neurons, such a ... Full text Cite

The use of race terms in epigenetics research: considerations moving forward.

Journal Article Front Genet · 2024 The field of environmental epigenetics is uniquely suited to investigate biologic mechanisms that have the potential to link stressors to health disparities. However, it is common practice in basic epigenetic research to treat race as a covariable in large ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Stress

Chapter · January 1, 2024 The purpose of Chapter 4 is to describe a particular set of phenomena that collectively comprise an important mechanism of chemical toxicity and cellular defense. These phenomena, referred to as redox stress, encompass oxidative and reductive stress and ap ... Full text Cite

The effect of common paralytic agents used for fluorescence imaging on redox tone and ATP levels in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2024 One aspect of Caenorhabditis elegans that makes it a highly valuable model organism is the ease of use of in vivo genetic reporters, facilitated by its transparent cuticle and highly tractable genetics. Despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, ... Full text Cite

Correction: Bioenergetic function is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of veterans with Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2024 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287412.]. ... Full text Cite

Increased cytotoxicity of Pb2+ with co-exposures to a mitochondrial uncoupler and mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor.

Journal Article Environmental science. Processes & impacts · November 2023 Lead (Pb2+) is an important developmental toxicant. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) imports calcium ions using the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and also appears to mediate the influx of Pb2+ into the mitochondria. ... Full text Cite

Chronic high-sugar diet in adulthood protects Caenorhabditis elegans from 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration.

Journal Article BMC biology · November 2023 BackgroundDiets high in saturated fat and sugar, termed "Western diets," have been associated with several negative health outcomes, including increased risk for neurodegenerative disease. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neur ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio.

Journal Article Aquat Toxicol · October 2023 The potential for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to have adverse effects that persist across generations is an emerging concern for human and wildlife health. This study evaluated the role of mitochondria, which are maternally inherited, in the cr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The effect of common paralytic agents used for fluorescence imaging on redox tone and ATP levels in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article bioRxiv · September 23, 2023 One aspect of Caenorhabditis elegans that makes it a highly valuable model organism is the ease of use of in vivo genetic reporters, facilitated by its transparent cuticle and highly tractable genetics. Despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morphological hallmarks of dopaminergic neurodegeneration are associated with altered neuron function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article bioRxiv · August 23, 2023 Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent model system to study neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, as it enables analysis of both neuron morphology and function in live animals. Multiple structural changes in neurons, such a ... Full text Link to item Cite

rol-6 and dpy-10C. elegans mutants have normal mitochondrial function after normalizing to delayed development.

Journal Article microPublication biology · January 2023 Collagen mutations are commonly used in the creation of Caenorhabditis elegans transgenic strains, but their secondary effects are not fully characterized . We compared the mitochondrial function of N2, dpy-10, rol-6, and PE255 C. e ... Full text Cite

An unbiased, automated platform for scoring dopaminergic neurodegeneration in C. elegans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has served as a simple model organism to study dopaminergic neurodegeneration, as it enables quantitative analysis of cellular and sub-cellular morphologies in live animals. These isogenic nematodes have a rapid life cyc ... Full text Cite

Bioenergetic function is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of veterans with Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a major health problem for approximately 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans, but the etiology of GWI is unclear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor to GWI, based on the similarity of some GWI sy ... Full text Cite

Sex-specific DNA methylation and associations with in utero tobacco smoke exposure at nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes.

Journal Article Epigenetics · December 2022 Sex-linked differences in mitochondrial ATP production, enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species generation have been reported in multiple tissue and cell types. While the effects of reproductive hormones underlie many of these differences, regulatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resistance of mitochondrial DNA to cadmium and Aflatoxin B1 damage-induced germline mutation accumulation in C. elegans.

Journal Article Nucleic Acids Res · August 26, 2022 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is prone to mutation in aging and over evolutionary time, yet the processes that regulate the accumulation of de novo mtDNA mutations and modulate mtDNA heteroplasmy are not fully elucidated. Mitochondria lack certain DNA repair p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of lead exposure from wild game consumption from cross-sectional studies in Madre de Dios, Peru.

Journal Article Lancet regional health. Americas · August 2022 BackgroundStudies have shown elevated blood lead levels (BLL) in residents of remote communities in the Amazon, yet sources of lead exposure are not fully understood, such as lead ammunition consumed in wild game.MethodsData was collected ... Full text Cite

Neuroligin-mediated neurodevelopmental defects are induced by mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented by lutein in C. elegans.

Journal Article Nature communications · May 2022 Complex-I-deficiency represents the most frequent pathogenetic cause of human mitochondriopathies. Therapeutic options for these neurodevelopmental life-threating disorders do not exist, partly due to the scarcity of appropriate model systems to study them ... Full text Cite

Developmental nicotine exposure and masculinization of the rat preoptic area.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · March 2022 Nicotine is a neuroteratogenic component of tobacco smoke, e-cigarettes, and other products and can exert sex-specific effects in the developing brain, likely mediated through sex hormones. Estradiol modulates expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Aging reduces liver resiliency by dysregulating Hedgehog signaling.

Conference Aging Cell · February 2022 Older age is a major risk factor for damage to many tissues, including liver. Aging undermines resiliency and impairs liver regeneration. The mechanisms whereby aging reduces resiliency are poorly understood. Hedgehog is a signaling pathway with critical m ... Full text Link to item Cite

In Vivo Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Development, Behavior, and Mitochondrial Function are Altered by Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2022 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in consumer products and biomedical applications, thus guaranteeing both environmental and human exposures. Despite extensive research addressing AgNP safety, there are still major knowledge gaps regarding ... Full text Cite

Rotenone Modulates Caenorhabditis elegans Immunometabolism and Pathogen Susceptibility.

Journal Article Frontiers in immunology · January 2022 Mitochondria are central players in host immunometabolism as they function not only as metabolic hubs but also as signaling platforms regulating innate immunity. Environmental exposures to mitochondrial toxicants occur widely and are increasingly frequent. ... Full text Cite

Mild pentachlorophenol-mediated uncoupling of mitochondria depletes ATP but does not cause an oxidized redox state or dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Current research in toxicology · January 2022 AimsMitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in several diseases, including neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, there is uncertainty about which of the many mechanisms by which mitochondrial function can be disrupted may le ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis: Feature of and Biomarker for Environmental Exposures and Aging.

Journal Article Current environmental health reports · December 2021 Purpose of reviewMitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) instability contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, and mtDNA mutagenesis may contribute to aging. However, the origin of mtDNA mutations remains som ... Full text Cite

Quantifying Levels of Dopaminergic Neuron Morphological Alteration and Degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · November 2021 Dopamine neuron loss is involved in the pathology of Parkinson's Disease (PD), a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide. Since many details about PD etiology remain unknown, studies investigating genetic and ... Full text Cite

Lack of Detectable Direct Effects of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles on Mitochondria in Mouse Hepatocytes.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2021 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-proven antimicrobial nanomaterials, yet little is elucidated regarding the mechanism underlying cytotoxicity induced by these nanoparticles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondria are primary intracellular ta ... Full text Cite

Early-life mitochondrial DNA damage results in lifelong deficits in energy production mediated by redox signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Redox Biol · July 2021 The consequences of damage to the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) are poorly understood, although mtDNA is more susceptible to damage resulting from some genotoxicants than nuclear DNA (nucDNA), and many environmental toxicants target the mitochondria. Report ... Full text Link to item Cite

Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · February 2021 Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a major model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. Numerous papers on toxicology and pharmacology in C. elegans have been published, and this species has now been adopted by investigators in academ ... Full text Cite

Multiple metabolic changes mediate the response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the complex I inhibitor rotenone.

Journal Article Toxicology · January 15, 2021 Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, has been widely used to study the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on dopaminergic neurons in the context of Parkinson's disease. Although the deleterious effects of rotenone are well documented, we found ... Full text Link to item Cite

PCR-Based Determination of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Multiple Species.

Journal Article Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2021 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a critical component of overall mitochondrial health. In this chapter, we describe methods for simultaneous isolation of mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nucDNA), and measurement of their respective copy numbers using quantit ... Full text Cite

Direct comparisons of bisulfite pyrosequencing versus targeted bisulfite sequencing.

Journal Article MicroPubl Biol · 2021 DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in proper genome function. Bisulfite pyrosequencing (PSQ) is a commonly used technique to quantify DNA methylation. Although very accurate, bisulfite pyrosequencing can be expensive and time con ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 Regulates the Expansion of Tumor-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.

Journal Article Frontiers in immunology · January 2021 Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a hetero geneous group of cells, which can suppress the immune response, promote tumor progression and impair the efficacy of immunotherapies. Consequently, the pharmacological targeting of MDSC is emerging as a ... Full text Cite

Risuteganib Protects against Hydroquinone-induced Injury in Human RPE Cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · August 3, 2020 PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. Integrin dysfunctions have been associated with AMD. Herein, we investigate the effect of risuteganib (RSG), an integrin regulator, on RPE cell injury induced by hydroquinone (HQ), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of Peruvian Government Interventions to Reduce Childhood Anemia.

Journal Article Annals of global health · August 2020 BackgroundIn Peru, anemia has been a persistent health problem that is known to lead to irreversible cognitive and developmental deficits in children. The Peruvian government has recently made anemia a primary health concern by passing legislation ... Full text Cite

Zebrafish CYP1A expression in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans protects from exposures to benzo[a]pyrene and a complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

Journal Article Toxicology · July 2020 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental toxicants primarily produced during incomplete combustion; some are carcinogens. PAHs can be safely metabolized or, paradoxically, bioactivated via specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to more rea ... Full text Cite

Effects of Immunosuppressive Medications on Mitochondrial Function.

Journal Article The Journal of surgical research · May 2020 BackgroundImmunosuppressive medications are widely used for the prevention of allograft rejection in transplantation and graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite their clinical utility, these medi ... Full text Cite

Fluorescence-based sorting of Caenorhabditis elegans via acoustofluidics.

Journal Article Lab on a chip · May 2020 Effectively isolating and categorizing large quantities of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) based on different phenotypes is important for most worm research, especially genetics. Here we present an integrated acoustofluidic chip capable of identifying ... Full text Cite

Resveratrol Protects Against Hydroquinone-Induced Oxidative Threat in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · April 9, 2020 PURPOSE: Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Resveratrol exerts a range of protective biologic effects, but its mechanism(s) are not well understood. The aim of this study wa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Caveats to the use of MTT, neutral red, Hoechst and Resazurin to measure silver nanoparticle cytotoxicity.

Journal Article Chemico-biological interactions · January 2020 The extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in manufactured products will inevitably increase environmental exposure, highlighting the importance of accurate toxicity assessments. A frequent strategy to estimate AgNP cytotoxicity is to use absorbance ... Full text Cite

MANF deletion abrogates early larval Caenorhabditis elegans stress response to tunicamycin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Journal Article European journal of cell biology · December 2019 Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is the only human neurotrophic factor with an evolutionarily-conserved C. elegans homolog, Y54G2A.23 or manf-1. MANF is a small, soluble, endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-resident protein that is secrete ... Full text Cite

Swim exercise in Caenorhabditis elegans extends neuromuscular and gut healthspan, enhances learning ability, and protects against neurodegeneration.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2019 Regular physical exercise is the most efficient and accessible intervention known to promote healthy aging in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate system-wide exercise benefits, however, remain poorly understood, especially as applies ... Full text Cite

Mitochondria as a target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: Revisiting common mechanisms of action with new approach methodologies.

Journal Article Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · October 2019 Mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a potential cause of developmental defects in humans. We evaluated 51 organophosphate and carbamate pesticides using the U.S. EPA ToxCast and Tox21 databases. Only a small number of them bind directly to cholines ... Full text Cite

Strengths and limitations of morphological and behavioral analyses in detecting dopaminergic deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · September 2019 In order to develop a better understanding of the role environmental toxicants may play in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, it has become increasingly important to optimize sensitive methods for quickly screening toxicants to determ ... Full text Cite

Linking Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Organismal and Population Health in the Context of Environmental Pollutants: Progress and Considerations for Mitochondrial Adverse Outcome Pathways.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · August 2019 Mitochondria are key targets of many environmental contaminants, because specific chemicals can interact directly with mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and ribonucleic acids. These direct interactions serve as molecular initiating events that impede adenosi ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial bioenergetic changes during development as an indicator of C. elegans health-span.

Journal Article Aging · August 2019 Mild suppression of mitochondrial activity has beneficial effects across species. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile, genetically tractable model organism widely employed for aging studies, which has led to the identification of many ... Full text Cite

Open source acoustofluidics.

Journal Article Lab on a chip · July 2019 Over the past several decades, a litany of acoustofluidic devices have been developed which purport to have significant advantages over traditional benchtop analytical tools. These acoustofluidic devices are frequently labeled as "labs-on-chips"; however, ... Full text Cite

Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans Impact Ultraviolet C Radiation- and 6-hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurodegeneration.

Journal Article International journal of molecular sciences · June 2019 Featured Publication BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders involving devastating loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Early steps in PD pathogenesis include mitochondrial dysfunction, and mutations in ... Full text Cite

Predictors of mitochondrial DNA copy number and damage in a mercury-exposed rural Peruvian population near artisanal and small-scale gold mining: An exploratory study.

Journal Article Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · March 2019 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN) and damage in circulating white blood cells have been proposed as effect biomarkers for pollutant exposures. Studies have shown that mercury accumulates in mitochondria and affects mitochondrial function and integ ... Full text Cite

Surface acoustic waves enable rotational manipulation of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Lab on a chip · March 2019 Controllable, precise, and stable rotational manipulation of model organisms is valuable in many biomedical, bioengineering, and biophysics applications. We present an acoustofluidic chip capable of rotating Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in both stat ... Full text Cite

Nonselective autophagy reduces mitochondrial content during starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · December 2018 Starvation significantly alters cellular physiology, and signs of aging have been reported to occur during starvation. Mitochondria are essential to the regulation of cellular energetics and aging. We sought to determine whether mitochondria exhibit signs ... Full text Cite

Blinded Visual Scoring of Images Using the Freely-available Software Blinder.

Journal Article Bio-protocol · December 2018 In nearly all subfields of biomedical sciences, there are phenotypes that are currently classified by expert visual scoring. In research applications, these classifications require the experimenter to be blinded to the treatment group in order to avoid uni ... Full text Cite

Caenorhabditis elegans as an emerging model system in environmental epigenetics.

Journal Article Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · August 2018 The roundworm Caenorhabitis elegans has been an established model organism for the study of genetics and developmental biology, including studies of transcriptional regulation, since the 1970s. This model organism has continued to be used as a classical mo ... Full text Cite

Swimming Exercise and Transient Food Deprivation in Caenorhabditis elegans Promote Mitochondrial Maintenance and Protect Against Chemical-Induced Mitotoxicity.

Journal Article Scientific reports · May 2018 Featured Publication Exercise and caloric restriction improve health, including reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and cancer. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these protections are poorly understood, partly due to the cost and time investme ... Full text Open Access Cite

Newly Revised Quantitative PCR-Based Assay for Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Damage.

Journal Article Curr Protoc Toxicol · May 2018 Given the crucial role of DNA damage in human health and disease, it is important to be able to accurately measure both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage. This article describes a method based on a long-amplicon quantitative PCR-based assay that does no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial Toxicity.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · March 2018 Featured Publication Recent decades have seen a rapid increase in reported toxic effects of drugs and pollutants on mitochondria. Researchers have also documented many genetic differences leading to mitochondrial diseases, currently reported to affect ∼1 person in 4,300, creat ... Full text Open Access Cite

Detection of Mitochondrial Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants Using Caenorhabditis elegans

Chapter · February 21, 2018 This chapter summarizes some of what is known about environmental mitotoxicants and mechanisms of pollutant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. It outlines some of the challenges and factors that complicate the research community's ability, and discusses th ... Full text Cite

The high-production volume fungicide pyraclostrobin induces triglyceride accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes adipocyte differentiation independent of PPARγ activation, in 3T3-L1 cells.

Journal Article Toxicology · January 2018 Featured Publication Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides, and has been detected on a variety of produce, suggesting human exposure occurs regularly. Recently, pyraclostrobin exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including neurodegenerati ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity.

Journal Article Toxicology · November 2017 Featured Publication Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mito ... Full text Cite

Zebrafish have an ethanol-inducible hepatic 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase that is not CYP2E1-like.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · September 2017 Zebrafish are an attractive model organism for toxicology; however, an important consideration in translating between species is xenobiotic metabolism/bioactivation. CYP2E1 metabolizes small hydrophobic molecules, e.g. ethanol, cigarette smoke, and diesel ... Full text Cite

Adaptation to cadmium reveals mechanism and susceptibility to mitochondrial genotoxicity.

Conference ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS · September 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Materials and toxicological approaches to study metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Materials horizons · September 2017 Understanding the in vivo fate and transport of nanoparticles (NPs) is challenging, but critical. We review recent studies of metal and metal oxide NPs using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, summarizing major findings to date. In a ... Full text Cite

Deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics sensitize Caenorhabditis elegans to arsenite and other mitochondrial toxicants by reducing mitochondrial adaptability.

Journal Article Toxicology · July 2017 Featured Publication Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy are interlinked processes that regulate mitochondrial shape, number, and size, as well as metabolic activity and stress response. The fundamental importance of these processes is evident in the fact that mutatio ... Full text Cite

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds among recently pregnant rural Guatemalan women cooking and heating with solid fuels.

Journal Article International journal of hygiene and environmental health · June 2017 BackgroundHousehold air pollution is a major contributor to death and disability worldwide. Over 95% of rural Guatemalan households use woodstoves for cooking or heating. Woodsmoke contains carcinogenic or fetotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ... Full text Cite

Effects of methyl and inorganic mercury exposure on genome homeostasis and mitochondrial function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article DNA repair · April 2017 Mercury toxicity mechanisms have the potential to induce DNA damage and disrupt cellular processes, like mitochondrial function. Proper mitochondrial function is important for cellular bioenergetics and immune signaling and function. Reported impacts of me ... Full text Cite

Biogas Stoves Reduce Firewood Use, Household Air Pollution, and Hospital Visits in Odisha, India.

Journal Article Environ Sci Technol · January 3, 2017 Traditional cooking using biomass is associated with ill health, local environmental degradation, and regional climate change. Clean stoves (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, and electric) are heralded as a solution, but few studies have demonstrated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toxicological Implications of Mitochondrial Localization of CYP2E1.

Journal Article Toxicology research · January 2017 Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) metabolizes an extensive array of pollutants, drugs, and other small molecules, often resulting in bioactivation to reactive metabolites. Therefore, it is unsurprising that it has been the subject of decades of research publica ... Full text Cite

Role of mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in veterans with Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2017 Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom illness not currently diagnosed by standard medical or laboratory test that affects 30% of veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The clinical presentation of GWI is comparable to that of patien ... Full text Cite

Correction: Role of mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in veterans with Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2017 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184832.]. ... Full text Cite

Distinctive adaptive response to repeated exposure to hydrogen peroxide associated with upregulation of DNA repair genes and cell cycle arrest.

Journal Article Redox biology · October 2016 Many environmental and physiological stresses are chronic. Thus, cells are constantly exposed to diverse types of genotoxic insults that challenge genome stability, including those that induce oxidative DNA damage. However, most in vitro studies that model ... Full text Cite

Intracellular trafficking pathways in silver nanoparticle uptake and toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Nanotoxicology · September 2016 We used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study the roles of endocytosis and lysosomal function in uptake and subsequent toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in vivo. To focus on AgNP uptake and effects rather than silver ion (AgNO3) effects, we us ... Full text Cite

Effects of reduced mitochondrial DNA content on secondary mitochondrial toxicant exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Mitochondrion · September 2016 The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is intimately linked to cellular and organismal health, as demonstrated by the fact that mutations in and depletion of mtDNA result in severe mitochondrial disease in humans. However, cells contain hundreds to thousands of ... Full text Cite

From the Cover: Arsenite Uncouples Mitochondrial Respiration and Induces a Warburg-like Effect in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Toxicol Sci · August 2016 Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through contaminated drinking water. Despite decades of research studying the carcinogenic potential of arsenic, the mechanisms by which arsenic causes cancer and other diseases remain poorly ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

In Vivo Determination of Mitochondrial Function Using Luciferase-Expressing Caenorhabditis elegans: Contribution of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, and Fatty Acid Oxidation to Toxicant-Induced Dysfunction.

Journal Article Curr Protoc Toxicol · August 1, 2016 Mitochondria are a target of many drugs and environmental toxicants; however, how toxicant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of human disease remains poorly understood. To address this issue, in vivo assays capable of rapidly ... Full text Link to item Cite

A systematic review of evidence for silver nanoparticle-induced mitochondrial toxicity

Journal Article Environmental Science: Nano · April 1, 2016 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used for their antibacterial properties in a diverse set of applications, ranging from the treatment of municipal wastewater to infection control in hospitals. However, the properties of AgNPs that render them c ... Full text Open Access Cite

Antagonistic Growth Effects of Mercury and Selenium in Caenorhabditis elegans Are Chemical-Species-Dependent and Do Not Depend on Internal Hg/Se Ratios.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · March 2016 The relationship between mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) toxicity is complex, with coexposure reported to reduce, increase, and have no effect on toxicity. Different interactions may be related to chemical compound, but this has not been systematically exam ... Full text Open Access Cite

PCR-Based Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Mitochondrial DNA Damage, and Nuclear DNA Damage.

Journal Article Current protocols in toxicology · February 2016 Because of the role that DNA damage and depletion play in human disease, it is important to develop and improve tools to assess these endpoints. This unit describes PCR-based methods to measure nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and copy number. Long amp ... Full text Open Access Cite

Mitochondrial DNA damage induced autophagy, cell death, and disease.

Journal Article Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · January 2016 Mammalian mitochondria contain multiple small genomes. While these organelles have efficient base excision removal of oxidative DNA lesions and alkylation damage, many DNA repair systems that work on nuclear DNA damage are not active in mitochondria. What ... Full text Open Access Cite

Erratum.

Journal Article Autophagy · 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model for Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles: Lethality, Growth, and Reproduction.

Journal Article Current protocols in toxicology · November 2015 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is extensively utilized in toxicity studies. C. elegans offers a high degree of homology with higher organisms, and its ease of use and relatively inexpensive maintenance have made it an attractive complement to mammalia ... Full text Cite

Seahorse Xfe 24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer-Based Analysis of Cellular Respiration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Current protocols in toxicology · November 2015 Mitochondria are critical for their role in ATP production as well as multiple nonenergetic functions, and mitochondrial dysfunction is causal in myriad human diseases. Less well appreciated is the fact that mitochondria integrate environmental and interce ... Full text Cite

Reducing Environmental Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles through Shape Control.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2015 The use of antibacterial silver nanomaterials in consumer products ranging from textiles to toys has given rise to concerns over their environmental toxicity. These materials, primarily nanoparticles, have been shown to be toxic to a wide range of organism ... Full text Cite

Metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated metabolism: cause, consequence and/or enabler of environmental carcinogenesis?

Journal Article Carcinogenesis · June 2015 Environmental contributions to cancer development are widely accepted, but only a fraction of all pertinent exposures have probably been identified. Traditional toxicological approaches to the problem have largely focused on the effects of individual agent ... Full text Cite

AHR2-Mediated transcriptomic responses underlying the synergistic cardiac developmental toxicity of PAHs.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · February 2015 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induce developmental defects including cardiac deformities in fish. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxicity of some PAHs. Exposure to a simple PAH mixture during embryo development consisting of an ... Full text Cite

Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Caenorhabditis elegans: a comparison of mesocosm, microcosm, and conventional laboratory studies.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · February 2015 The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products and industrial applications, as well as their recent detection in waste streams, has created concern about potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effect of complex environmental media on Ag ... Full text Cite

PCR based determination of mitochondrial DNA copy number in multiple species.

Journal Article Methods Mol Biol · 2015 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a critical component of overall mitochondrial health. In this chapter, we describe methods for isolation of both mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nucDNA) and measurement of their respective copy numbers using quantitative PCR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial Morphology and Fundamental Parameters of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Are Altered in Caenorhabditis elegans Strains Deficient in Mitochondrial Dynamics and Homeostasis Processes.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2015 Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to myriad human diseases and toxicant exposures, highlighting the need for assays capable of rapidly assessing mitochondrial health in vivo. Here, using the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer and the pharmacological inhibitor ... Full text Cite

Mitochondria, energetics, epigenetics, and cellular responses to stress.

Journal Article Environ Health Perspect · December 2014 BACKGROUND: Cells respond to environmental stressors through several key pathways, including response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient and ATP sensing, DNA damage response (DDR), and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria play a central role in the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of 5'-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine on mitochondrial biology in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Experimental gerontology · August 2014 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) is a DNA synthesis inhibitor commonly used to sterilize Caenorhabditis elegans in order to maintain a synchronized aging population of nematodes, without contamination by their progeny, in lifespan experiments. All somatic c ... Full text Cite

Comparative toxicity of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress and DNA damage in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Chemosphere · August 2014 This study examined the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surface coating and size on the organismal and molecular toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The toxicity of bare AgNPs and 8 and 38 nm PVP-coated A ... Full text Cite

Developmental toxicity and DNA damage from exposure to parking lot runoff retention pond samples in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Journal Article Marine environmental research · August 2014 Parking lot runoff retention ponds (PLRRP) receive significant chemical input, but the biological effects of parking lot runoff are not well understood. We used the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model to study the toxicity of water and sediment sa ... Full text Cite

DEPDC1/LET-99 participates in an evolutionarily conserved pathway for anti-tubulin drug-induced apoptosis.

Journal Article Nature cell biology · August 2014 Microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics induce apoptosis in cancer cells by promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member MCL1. The signalling cascade linking microtubule disruption to MCL1 degradation remains howe ... Full text Cite

Silver nanoparticle behavior, uptake, and toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans: effects of natural organic matter.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · March 2014 Significant progress has been made in understanding the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) is omnipresent in complex environmental systems, where it may alter the behavio ... Full text Cite

Cellular toxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and their metabolic precursors.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · January 2014 The biotransformation of fluorotelomer based compounds yields saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer aldehydes (FTALs and FTUALs, respectively) and carboxylic acids (FTCAs and FTUCAs, respectively) as intermediate metabolites that subsequently transform t ... Full text Cite

A micro-sized model for the in vivo study of nanoparticle toxicity: What has Caenorhabditis elegans taught us?

Journal Article Environmental Chemistry · January 1, 2014 Environmental context The ability of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to withstand a wide range of environmental conditions makes it an idea model for studying the bioavailability and effects of engineered nanomaterials. We critically review what h ... Full text Cite

Quantitative PCR-based measurement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in mammalian cells.

Journal Article Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2014 In this chapter, we describe a gene-specific quantitative PCR (QPCR)-based assay for the measurement of DNA damage, using amplification of long DNA targets. This assay has been used extensively to measure the integrity of both nuclear and mitochondrial gen ... Full text Cite

Exposure to mitochondrial genotoxins and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2014 Neurodegeneration has been correlated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and exposure to environmental toxins, but causation is unclear. We investigated the ability of several known environmental genotoxins and neurotoxins to cause mtDNA damage, mtDNA d ... Full text Cite

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · January 2014 The metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) form DNA adducts in animal models. While there are many reports of formation of nuclear DNA adducts, one report also detected NNK-induced damage to the ... Full text Cite

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are more toxic than equimolar bulk cerium oxide in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · August 2013 Engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are widely used in biomedical and engineering manufacturing industries. Previous research has shown the ability of CeO2 NPs to act as a redox catalyst, suggesting potential to both induce and alleviate oxida ... Full text Cite

Effects of early life exposure to ultraviolet C radiation on mitochondrial DNA content, transcription, ATP production, and oxygen consumption in developing Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article BMC pharmacology & toxicology · February 2013 BackgroundMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in multiple copies per cell and undergoes dramatic amplification during development. The impacts of mtDNA damage incurred early in development are not well understood, especially in the case of types ... Full text Cite

Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles: natural antidote to their toxicity.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2013 Nanomaterials are highly dynamic in biological and environmental media. A critical need for advancing environmental health and safety research for nanomaterials is to identify physical and chemical transformations that affect the nanomaterial properties an ... Full text Cite

UVC-induced mitochondrial degradation via autophagy correlates with mtDNA damage removal in primary human fibroblasts.

Journal Article Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · January 2013 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible than nuclear DNA to helix-distorting damage via exposure to environmental genotoxins, partially due to a lack of nucleotide excision repair. Thus, this damage is irreparable and persistent in mtDNA in the short ... Full text Cite

Mitochondria as a target of environmental toxicants

Journal Article Toxicological Sciences · 2013 Enormous strides have recently been made in our understanding of the biology and pathobiology of mitochondria. Many diseases have been identified as caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and many pharmaceuticals have been identified as previously unrecogniz ... Full text Cite

Effects of mutations in mitochondrial dynamics-related genes on the mitochondrial response to ultraviolet C radiation in developing Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Worm · January 2013 We recently found that genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy are required for removal of UVC-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. However, drp-1 and pink-1, unlike the autophagy and fusion genes tested, were not necessary for larval developme ... Full text Cite

Assessing different mechanisms of toxicity in mountaintop removal/valley fill coal mining-affected watershed samples using Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 Mountaintop removal-valley fill coal mining has been associated with a variety of impacts on ecosystem and human health, in particular reductions in the biodiversity of receiving streams. However, effluents emerging from valley fills contain a complex mixt ... Full text Cite

Involvement of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in determining the fate and effects of irreparable mitochondrial DNA damage.

Journal Article Autophagy · December 2012 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is different in many ways from nuclear DNA. A key difference is that certain types of DNA damage are not repaired in the mitochondrial genome. What, then, is the fate of such damage? What are the effects? Both questions are import ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial DNA-depleted A549 cells are resistant to bleomycin.

Journal Article American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · September 2012 Alveolar epithelial cells are considered to be the primary target of bleomycin-induced lung injury, leading to interstitial fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms by which bleomycin causes this damage are poorly understood but are suspected to involve generati ... Full text Cite

A call for fuller reporting of toxicity test data

Journal Article Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · 2012 Cite

Analysis of DNA damage and repair in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of animal cells using quantitative PCR.

Journal Article Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2012 This chapter was written as a guide to using the long-amplicon quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay for the measurement of DNA damage in mammalian as well as nonmammalian species such as Caenorhabditis elegans (nematodes), Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), a ... Full text Cite

Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma exhibits potential for bypass and mutagenesis at UV-induced cyclobutane thymine dimers

Journal Article J Biol Chem · 2012 Cyclobutane thymine dimers (T-T) comprise the majority of DNA damage caused by short wavelength ultraviolet radiation. These lesions generally block replicative DNA polymerases and are repaired by nucleotide excision repair or bypassed by translesion polym ... Cite

In vivo repair of alkylating and oxidative DNA damage in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of wild-type and glycosylase-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal Article DNA Repair (Amst) · 2012 Base excision repair (BER) is an evolutionarily conserved DNA repair pathway that is critical for repair of many of the most common types of DNA damage generated both by endogenous metabolic pathways and exposure to exogenous stressors such as pollutants. ... Cite

Mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy aid in removal of persistent mitochondrial DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal Article Nucleic Acids Research · 2012 Mitochondria lack the ability to repair certain helix-distorting lesions that are induced at high levels in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by important environmental genotoxins and endogenous metabolites. These lesions are irreparable and persistent in the shor ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy Aid in Removal of Persistent Mitochondrial DNA Damage.

Conference ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS · October 1, 2011 Link to item Cite

The QPCR assay for analysis of mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and relative copy number.

Journal Article Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · August 2010 The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay allows measurement of DNA damage in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes without isolation of mitochondria. It also permits measurement of relative mitochondrial genome copy number. Finally, it can b ... Full text Cite

Quantifying Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Damage in Sentinel Species

Conference ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS · August 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

DNA adducts of decarbamoyl mitomycin C efficiently kill cells without wild-type p53 resulting from proteasome-mediated degradation of checkpoint protein 1.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · July 2010 The mitomycin derivative 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC) more rapidly activates a p53-independent cell death pathway than mitomycin C (MC). We recently documented that an increased proportion of mitosene1-beta-adduct formation occurs in human cells treate ... Full text Open Access Cite

Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity.

Journal Article PLoS One · May 5, 2010 BACKGROUND: In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

QPCR: a tool for analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in ecotoxicology.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · April 2010 The quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay for DNA damage and repair has been used extensively in laboratory species. More recently, it has been adapted to ecological settings. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed methodological guide that will faci ... Full text Cite

Interactome-based analysis of the transcriptomic response to dioxin in developing zebrafish Danio rerio

Journal Article PLoS ONE · 2010 BACKGROUND: In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the co ... Cite

Caenorhabditis elegans generates biologically relevant levels of genotoxic metabolites from aflatoxin B1 but not benzo[a]pyrene in vivo

Journal Article Toxicological Sciences · 2010 There is relatively little information regarding the critical xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in Caenorhabditis elegans, despite this organism's increasing use as a model in toxicology and pharmacology. We carried out experiments to e ... Cite

Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicol · 2010 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently used as antimicrobials. While the mechanism(s) by which AgNPs are toxic are unclear, their increasing use raises the concern that release into the environment could lead to environmental toxicity. We characterize ... Cite

Nucleotide excision repair genes are expressed at low levels and are not detectably inducible in Caenorhabditis elegans somatic tissues, but their function is required for normal adult life after UVC exposure

Journal Article Mutat Res · 2010 We performed experiments to characterize the inducibility of nucleotide excision repair (NER) in Caenorhabditis elegans, and to examine global gene expression in NER-deficient and -proficient strains as well as germline vs. somatic tissues, with and withou ... Cite

Altered gene expression and DNA damage in peripheral blood cells from Friedreich's ataxia patients: cellular model of pathology.

Journal Article PLoS genetics · January 2010 The neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common autosomal-recessively inherited ataxia and is caused by a GAA triplet repeat expansion in the first intron of the frataxin gene. In this disease, transcription of frataxin, a mitoc ... Full text Open Access Cite

Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity.

Journal Article PloS one · 2010 BACKGROUND: In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the co ... Full text Cite

The long amplicon quantitative PCR for DNA damage assay as a sensitive method of assessing DNA damage in the environmental model, Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · March 2009 DNA damage is an important mechanism of toxicity for a variety of pollutants, and therefore, is often used as an indicator of pollutant effects in ecotoxicological studies. Here, we adapted a PCR-based assay for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage for use ... Full text Cite

UV disinfection of adenoviruses: molecular indications of DNA damage efficiency.

Journal Article Applied and environmental microbiology · January 2009 Adenovirus is a focus of the water treatment community because of its resistance to standard, monochromatic low-pressure (LP) UV irradiation. Recent research has shown that polychromatic, medium-pressure (MP) UV sources are more effective than LP UV for di ... Full text Cite

DNA damage assessment in UV-treated adenovirus

Journal Article Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2008 · December 1, 2008 Cite

Caenorhabditis elegans: an emerging model in biomedical and environmental toxicology.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · November 2008 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as an important animal model in various fields including neurobiology, developmental biology, and genetics. Characteristics of this animal model that have contributed to its success include its genetic manipu ... Full text Cite

Nonadditive effects of PAHs on Early Vertebrate Development: mechanisms and implications for risk assessment.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · September 2008 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Traditionally, much of the research has focused on the carcinogenic potential of specific PAHs, such as benzo(a)pyrene, but recent studies using sensitive fish models have s ... Full text Cite

Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics · December 2007 A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this ... Full text Cite

Phototoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells promoted by hypericin, a component of St. John's wort.

Journal Article Photochemistry and photobiology · May 2007 St. John's wort (SJW), an over-the-counter antidepressant, contains hypericin, which absorbs light in the UV and visible ranges. In vivo studies have determined that hypericin is phototoxic to skin and our previous in vitro studies with lens tissues have d ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of CD-1 mice following perinatal exposure to AZT, 3TC, or AZT/3TC in combination.

Journal Article Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · April 2007 Antiretroviral therapies based on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), like zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) and lamivudine ((-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; 3TC), markedly reduce mother-to-child transmission of the human immun ... Full text Cite

Decline of nucleotide excision repair capacity in aging Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Genome biology · January 2007 BackgroundCaenorhabditis elegans is an important model for the study of DNA damage and repair related processes such as aging, neurodegeneration, and carcinogenesis. However, DNA repair is poorly characterized in this organism. We adapted a quanti ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial localization of telomerase as a determinant for hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis.

Journal Article Human molecular genetics · June 2006 We have previously shown that the protein subunit of telomerase, hTERT, has a bonafide N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, and that ectopic hTERT expression in human cells correlated with increase in mtDNA damage after hydrogen peroxide treatment. ... Full text Cite

Quantitative PCR-based measurement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in mammalian cells.

Journal Article Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2006 In this chapter, we describe a gene-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR)-based assay for the measurement of DNA damage, using amplification of long DNA targets. This assay has been extensively used to measure the integrity of both nuclear ... Full text Cite

Synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Towards a mechanistic understanding

Conference Marine Environmental Research · 2006 PAH invariably occur in the environment as complex mixtures of non-substituted PAH, alkyl-PAH, and N-, S-, and O-ring substituted PAH. Recent studies with mixtures derived from pollution events in marine and estuarine systems, e.g., the Exxon Valdez oil sp ... Full text Cite

Analysis of CpG methylation in the killifish CYP1A promoter.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · August 2005 Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish or mummichog) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA), exhibit a lack of induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, immunodetectable protein, and catalytic activity afte ... Full text Cite

Differential display of hepatic mRNA from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund estuary.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · July 2005 Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish, mummichog) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) are resistant to the toxicity of sediment from the site. However, the mechanistic changes that confer resistance to the toxicity are not ... Full text Cite

Mitochondrial hTERT exacerbates free-radical-mediated mtDNA damage.

Journal Article Aging cell · December 2004 Telomerase is often re-activated in human cancers and is widely used to immortalize cells in culture. In addition to the maintenance of telomeres, telomerase has been implicated in cell proliferation, genomic instability and apoptosis. Here we show that hu ... Full text Cite

Antioxidant defenses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to contaminated sediments and model prooxidants: short-term and heritable responses.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · December 2003 A population of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) is tolerant of the acute toxicity of the sediments from the site; previous work suggests that this tolerance is based both on genetic adaptation ... Full text Cite

Expression and inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway genes in wild-caught killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with different contaminant-exposure histories.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · October 2003 Wildcaught killifish from a contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) are refractory to induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A, measured as catalytic activity and immunodetectable CYP1A protein) after exposure to typical aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ... Full text Cite

Heritable adaptation and fitness costs in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a polluted estuary

Journal Article Ecological Applications · January 1, 2003 Adaptation to contaminants in the environment has been studied extensively in microbes, insects, and plants, and increasing evidence suggests that certain vertebrate populations as well are evolving in response to pollution. Here, we show that F1 and F2 la ... Full text Cite

Patterns of heritability of decreased EROD activity and resistance to PCB 126-induced teratogenesis in laboratory-reared offspring of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA.

Journal Article Marine environmental research · September 2002 Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River are resistant to the acute toxicity and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-inducing activity of both the sediments from the site and chemically pure polycyclic aromatic hyd ... Full text Cite

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): heritability of altered expression and relationship to survival in contaminated sediments.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · July 2002 Previous research has shown that killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated site on the Elizabeth River in Virginia exhibit little induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein expression and activity upon exposure to typical CYP ... Full text Cite

Increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in a creosote-adapted population of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 2000 With increasing frequency, aquatic organisms inhabit regions where biochemical adaptations to contaminants are essential for survival. The resultant selection for individuals better adapted to a polluted environment may result in a population better able t ... Full text Cite

Assessment of immunotoxicology in wild populations: Review and recommendations

Journal Article Reviews in Toxicology · December 1, 1999 A heightened recognition of the immunotoxicity of many xenobiotics has sparked increased interest in studying immune system effects in wildlife. Immunotoxicological endpoints have been directly informative in assessing the health of wildlife populations th ... Cite

Introduction

Chapter · 1992 Cite