Journal ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · January 2025
ObjectiveThe climate crisis poses the largest threat to human health and survival and has been a public health emergency for many years. It is causing harmful consequences for physical and mental health and is amplifying existing health inequities ...
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Journal ArticleSustainability Switzerland · March 1, 2022
Urban public food procurement can address malnutrition and improve the beneficiary experience at public institutions whilst reshaping food systems to be healthier and more sustainable. We reviewed grey and peer-reviewed literature on urban public food proc ...
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Journal ArticleObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · November 2021
Emerging evidence indicates that industrially produced endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be as obesogenic as poor dietary patterns and should be considered in obesity prevention policies. The authors conducted two reviews: (a) a systematic search o ...
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Journal ArticleBMJ Nutrition Prevention and Health · December 1, 2020
Background and aims In many low-income and middle-income countries, the double burden of malnutrition threatens public health and economic progress, urging a re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of nutrition actors, both traditional and non-trad ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · November 2018
Despite 2 decades of effort by the public health community to combat obesity, obesity rates in the United States continue to rise. This lack of progress raises fundamental questions about the adequacy of our current approaches. Although the causes of popul ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrics · April 2018
BackgroundFood and nonalcoholic beverage companies spend millions of dollars on professional sports sponsorships, yet this form of marketing is understudied. These sponsorships are valuable marketing tools but prompt concerns when unhealthy produc ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · January 2018
Food and beverage marketing has been identified as a major driver of obesity yet sports sponsorship remains common practice and represents millions of dollars in advertising expenditures. Research shows that food and beverage products associated with sport ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2018
Government agencies have the authority to improve public health through laws and policies. Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing health issues today, and government policies are a critical strategy to improve children's nutrition and health. This c ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health · November 2017
This paper investigates the effect of food environments, characterized as food swamps, on adult obesity rates. Food swamps have been described as areas with a high-density of establishments selling high-calorie fast food and junk food, relative to healthie ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · March 2017
Scientific research often fails to have relevance and impact because scientists do not engage policy makers and influencers in the process of identifying information needs and generating high priority questions. To address this scholarship-policy gap, we h ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · November 1, 2016
Body weight is regulated by a complex interaction of biological, behavioral, and cultural factors. The population as a whole is at risk for obesity because of increased intake of dietary fat, the consumption of calories in fewer meals per day, striking acc ...
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Journal ArticlePsychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · February 2016
Parallels in biological, psychological, and behavioral systems have led to the hypothesis that an addictive process may contribute to problematic eating. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed to provide a validated measure of addictive-like ea ...
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Journal ArticleLancet (London, England) · June 2015
Despite isolated areas of improvement, no country to date has reversed its obesity epidemic. Governments, together with a broad range of stakeholders, need to act urgently to decrease the prevalence of obesity. In this Series paper, we review several regul ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of health communication · January 2015
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure to weight-stigmatizing media on exercise intentions, motivation, and behavior, as well as to examine the interaction between this exposure and past experiences with weight stigma. A community sample of 72 ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2015
An issue generating considerable controversy is whether scientists can remain objective and unbiased when accepting money from industry. Large amounts of money change hands between industry and scientists, and this practice has been challenged in prominent ...
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Journal ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · December 2014
ObjectiveAdolescents view thousands of food commercials annually, but little is known about how individual differences in neural response to food commercials relate to weight gain. To add to our understanding of individual risk factors for unhealt ...
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Journal ArticleSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience · July 2014
Adolescents view thousands of food commercials annually, but the neural response to food advertising and its association with obesity is largely unknown. This study is the first to examine how neural response to food commercials differs from other stimuli ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition · March 2014
BackgroundExcess weight is a major threat to public health. An addiction-like tendency toward certain foods may contribute to overeating.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the prevalence and associated characteristics in relation to a food-add ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · February 2014
ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to examine the impact of nonstigmatizing visual portrayals of obesity on support for a discriminatory weight-based medical policy.MethodParticipants read an online news story about a policy to den ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Introduction A critical turning point in the history of human food consumption has become evident. With famine and undernutrition the central food issues for much of human history, we now face the opposite: overnutrition and obesity. The number of individu ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Obese individuals are highly stigmatized in our society, with bias and discrimination being common outcomes.1-3 The prevalence of weight discrimination has increased by 66% in the past decade4 and is now comparable to and in some cases exceeds racial discr ...
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Journal ArticleEating behaviors · December 2013
IntroductionEvidence is growing that an addictive process may play a role in problematic eating behavior. The majority of research on this topic has examined the concept of "food addiction" solely in adult samples. If certain foods have addictive ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrics · November 2013
ObjectiveThis study quantified professional athletes' endorsement of food and beverages, evaluated the nutritional quality of endorsed products, and determined the number of television commercial exposures of athlete-endorsement commercials for ch ...
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Journal ArticleEating and weight disorders : EWD · September 2013
Menu labeling is a public health policy that requires chain restaurants in the USA to post kilocalorie information on their menus to help consumers make informed choices. However, there is concern that such a policy might promote disordered eating. This we ...
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Journal ArticleThe American psychologist · July 2013
Presents an obituary for Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Susan received her bachelor's degree from Yale University and her doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. Her undergraduate and graduate school mentors were Irving Janis, Robert S ...
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Journal ArticleHealth Education Journal · May 1, 2013
Objective: To examine undergraduate student perceptions and reported use of nutrition information labels in campus dining halls. Design: Paper surveys were administered to a convenience sample of undergraduates. Setting: This study was conducted at an urba ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine · April 2013
BackgroundFood and beverage companies have pledged to reduce unhealthy marketing to children through the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI). However, public health experts question the initiative's effectiveness because pl ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · April 2013
ObjectiveFood marketing has been identified as a significant driver of the childhood obesity epidemic. The purpose of the present study was to (i) conduct a content analysis of the types of sports references that appear on supermarket food and bev ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · March 2013
ObjectiveThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Institute of Medicine are currently investigating front-of-package (FOP) food labelling systems to provide science-based guidance to the food industry. The present paper reviews the literature on ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2013
It has been said that obese persons are the last acceptable targets of discrimination.1-4 Anecdotes abound about overweight individuals being ridiculed by teachers, physicians, and complete strangers in public settings, such as supermarkets, restaurants, a ...
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Journal ArticleEating behaviors · January 2013
This pilot study adapted a well-established drug self-administration paradigm to examine the effects of mood induction on the ability to resist high-calorie foods and subsequent food consumption differently in 15 obese individuals (40.0% women, BMI: 35.1±3 ...
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Journal ArticleAppetite · December 2012
Chain restaurants will soon need to disclose calorie information on menus, but research on the impact of calorie labels on food choices is mixed. This study tested whether calorie information presented in different formats influenced calories ordered and p ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · November 2012
ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to assess the impact of nonstereotypical, positive media portrayals of obese persons on biased attitudes, as well as propose a change in media practices that could reduce public weight bias and consequent ...
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Journal Article · September 18, 2012
This chapter discusses the responsibility of changing public policy to address obesity. The understanding of obesity as an issue of personal responsibility has led to weak government action. The chapter notes that the environment is the major force underly ...
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Book · August 30, 2012
Featured Publication
Food and Addiction: A Comprehensive Handbook brings scientific order to the issue of food and addiction, spanning multiple disciplines to create the foundation for what is a rapidly advancing field and to highlight needed advances in science and public pol ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine · August 2012
BackgroundThe U.S. food and beverage industry recently released a new front-of-package nutrition labeling system called Facts Up Front that will be used on thousands of food products.PurposeTo test consumer understanding of the Facts Up F ...
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Journal ArticleAppetite · April 2012
Numerous front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling systems exist, but it is unclear if such labels influence behavior. A single-summary label called Smart Choices (SC) appeared briefly on products in the United States in 2009. The current study aimed to ev ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · February 2012
ObjectiveThe 'Smart Choices' programme was an industry-driven, front-of-package (FOP) nutritional labelling system introduced in the USA in August 2009, ostensibly to help consumers select healthier options during food shopping. Its nutritional cr ...
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Journal ArticlePreventing chronic disease · January 2012
IntroductionGovernments throughout the world are using or considering various front-of-package (FOP) food labeling systems to provide nutrition information to consumers. Our web-based study tested consumer understanding of different FOP labeling s ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of clinical psychology · January 2012
There is a pressing need to reduce both the prevalence and impact of obesity. This review begins with a discussion of the roles of treatment and prevention. Two overriding issues, weight bias and the addictive nature of food, are covered because of their i ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · December 2011
ObjectiveTo examine parents' beliefs about the meaning of common front-of-package nutrition-related claims on children's cereals and determine whether the claims would make them more willing to buy the cereals.DesignParents viewed images ...
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Journal ArticleThe Psychiatric clinics of North America · December 2011
Obesity is an epidemic that likely will worsen without substantive changes to the current environment. Although treatment of the individual has conventionally been the focus of the obesity field, prevention using a public health model will be essential for ...
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Journal ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · October 2011
The present study assessed the influence of exposure to weight stigma on energy intake in both overweight and normal-weight adult women. Seventy-three women (mean age: 31.71 ± 12.72 years), both overweight (n = 34) and normal weight (n = 39), were randomly ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent drug abuse reviews · September 2011
Scientific interest in "food addiction" continues to grow due both to neurobiological and behavioral similarities between substance dependence and excessive food consumption. An important next step is to examine the addictive potential of highly processed ...
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Journal ArticleArchives of general psychiatry · August 2011
ContextResearch has implicated an addictive process in the development and maintenance of obesity. Although parallels in neural functioning between obesity and substance dependence have been found, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the ne ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · July 2011
ObjectiveTo test whether physiological satiation as measured by the gut peptide ghrelin may vary depending on the mindset in which one approaches consumption of food.MethodsOn 2 separate occasions, participants (n = 46) consumed a 380-cal ...
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Journal ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England) · July 2011
AimsData suggest that hyperpalatable foods may be capable of triggering an addictive process. Although the addictive potential of foods continues to be debated, important lessons learned in reducing the health and economic consequences of drug add ...
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Journal ArticlePreventive medicine · June 2011
ObjectiveBeverage taxes came into light with increasing concerns about obesity, particularly among youth. Sugar-sweetened beverages have become a target of anti-obesity initiatives with increasing evidence of their link to obesity. Our paper offer ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · March 2011
Obesity in the United States exacts a heavy health and financial toll, requiring new approaches to address this public health crisis. State attorneys general have been underutilized in efforts to formulate and implement food and obesity policy solutions. T ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrics · January 2011
ObjectivesTo test (1) whether children will consume low-sugar ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals and (2) the effects of serving high- versus low-sugar cereals on the consumption of cereal, refined sugar, fresh fruit, and milk.Participants and methods< ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical design · January 2011
The contemporary American food environment makes energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages the "default" option for most consumers. Economic interventions like taxes can shift the relative prices of unhealthy foods to nudge consumers towards healthie ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · November 2010
ObjectiveSome versions of restaurant menu labelling legislation do not require energy information to be posted on menus for drive-through lanes. The present study was designed to quantify the number of customers who purchase fast food through driv ...
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Journal Article · September 9, 2010
This chapter focuses on three key issues: firstly, the necessity of a shared vision; secondly, whether or not to trust the food industry; and thirdly, what should be done next. In order to move forward, a shared vision is needed of the causes of obesity an ...
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Journal ArticleBehaviour research and therapy · August 2010
Obesity has humbled one research group after another. Some of the field's brightest scientists have attempted to subdue obesity by treating it, but now, after decades of work, treatment gains remain small, maintenance is poor, and the field produces effect ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrics · July 2010
ObjectiveThe goal was to study how popular licensed cartoon characters appearing on food packaging affect young children's taste and snack preferences.MethodsForty 4- to 6-year-old children tasted 3 pairs of identical foods (graham cracke ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of public health policy · April 2010
In 2007, the Council of Better Business Bureaus created the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative to improve the nutritional profile of products marketed to children in the United States. We provide quantitative baseline data describing (a) t ...
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Journal ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope) · March 2010
To address the obesity crisis, public health experts recommend major reductions in the marketing of unhealthy food to youth. However, policies to restrict food marketing are not currently viewed as politically feasible. This paper examines attitudes and kn ...
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Journal ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope) · March 2010
The concept of personal responsibility has been central to social, legal, and political approaches to obesity. It evokes language of blame, weakness, and vice and is a leading basis for inadequate government efforts, given the importance of environmental c ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · March 2010
ObjectiveTo analyse cross-promotions targeted to children and adolescents on packaging in the supermarket.DesignOn three occasions from 2006 to 2008, researchers purchased all foods in a large supermarket that included a cross-promotion o ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · February 2010
ObjectivesWe assessed the impact of restaurant menu calorie labels on food choices and intake.MethodsParticipants in a study dinner (n=303) were randomly assigned to either (1) a menu without calorie labels (no calorie labels), (2) a menu ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · February 2010
Threatened by possible government regulation and critical public opinion, industries often undertake self-regulatory actions, issue statements of concern for public welfare, and assert that self-regulation is sufficient to protect the public. The food indu ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · February 2010
In light of proposals to improve diets by shifting food prices, it is important to understand how price changes affect demand for various foods. We reviewed 160 studies on the price elasticity of demand for major food categories to assess mean elasticities ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Issues and Policy Review · December 1, 2009
Marketing practices that promote calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods directly to children and adolescents present significant public health risk. Worldwide, calls for government action and industry change to protect young people from the negative effects of ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine · December 2009
Menu-labeling legislation is a proposed public health intervention for poor diet and obesity that requires chain restaurants to provide nutrition information on menus and menu boards. The restaurant industry has strongly opposed menu-labeling legislation. ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · September 2009
Record levels of obesity in children and adolescents are predictable in light of powerful conditions that promote high consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and discourage physical activity. Default conditions for youth are dangerous, and inclu ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · July 2009
ObjectiveHealth advocates have focused on the prevalence of advertising for calorie-dense low-nutrient foods as a significant contributor to the obesity epidemic. This research tests the hypothesis that exposure to food advertising during TV viewi ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · May 2009
In this observational study, we determined how frequently consumers accessed on-premises nutrition information provided at chain restaurants. The number of patrons entering and accessing nutrition information was recorded at 8 locations that were part of 4 ...
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Journal ArticlePsychological medicine · May 2009
BackgroundDSM-IV cites <85% of expected body weight (EBW) as a guideline for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) but does not require a specific method for calculating EBW. The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree to which w ...
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Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · May 2009
Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is the most prevalent eating disorder (ED) diagnosis. In this meta-analysis, the authors aimed to inform Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders revisions by comparing the psychopathology of EDN ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Prev Med · April 2009
The rise in obesity levels in the U.S. in the past several decades has been dramatic, with serious implications for public health and the economy. Experiences in tobacco control and other public health initiatives have shown that public policy may be a pow ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Addiction Medicine · March 1, 2009
The evidence for food's addictive properties is steadily growing. In addition to clinical and evolutionary plausibility, the possibility of addiction to food is supported by animal model research and increasingly by research with humans. Much as classic dr ...
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Journal ArticleThe Milbank quarterly · March 2009
ContextThe law is a powerful public health tool with considerable potential to address the obesity issue. Scientific advances, gaps in the current regulatory environment, and new ways of conceptualizing rights and responsibilities offer a foundati ...
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Journal ArticleThe Milbank quarterly · March 2009
ContextIn 1954 the tobacco industry paid to publish the "Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers" in hundreds of U.S. newspapers. It stated that the public's health was the industry's concern above all others and promised a variety of good-faith chan ...
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Journal ArticleThe Milbank quarterly · March 2009
ContextRelatively little is known about the factors shaping public attitudes toward obesity as a policy concern. This study examines whether individuals' beliefs about the causes of obesity affect their support for policies aimed at stemming obesi ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of public health · January 2009
Reducing food marketing to children has been proposed as one means for addressing the global crisis of childhood obesity, but significant social, legal, financial, and public perception barriers stand in the way. The scientific literature documents that fo ...
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Journal ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope) · September 2008
Two studies compared food availability and prices in large and small stores across neighborhoods of varying income levels in New Haven, Connecticut. The findings suggest that supermarket access in lower-income neighborhoods has improved since 1971, and ave ...
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Journal ArticlePublic health nutrition · September 2008
A set of seven principles (the 'Sydney Principles') was developed by an International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) Working Group to guide action on changing food and beverage marketing practices that target children. The aim of the present communication is to ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · September 2008
Because the rate of consumption of away-from-home meals has increased dramatically, the distinction between requiring nutrition information for packaged but not restaurant products is no longer reasonable. Public health necessitates that nutrition labels m ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005) · June 2008
ObjectiveLimited data are available on the prevalence and patterns of body weight discrimination from representative samples. This study examined experiences of weight/height discrimination in a nationally representative sample of US adults and co ...
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Journal ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · May 2008
ObjectiveLittle is known about the prevalence and patterns of weight discrimination in the United States. This study examined the trends in perceived weight/height discrimination among a nationally representative sample of adults aged 35-74 years, ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Educational Psychology · May 1, 2008
This study examines 2 aspects of cognitive processing in person perception-attention and decision making-in classroom-relevant contexts. Teachers completed 2 implicit, performance-based tasks that characterized attention to and utilization of 4 student cha ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Dietetic Association · April 2008
There are both public health and food industry initiatives aimed at increasing breakfast consumption among children, particularly the consumption of ready-to-eat cereals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were identifiable difference ...
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Journal ArticleHealth education research · April 2008
This study employed qualitative methods with a sample of overweight and obese adults to identify and describe their subjective experiences of weight bias. Participants (274 females and 44 males) completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires, in ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2008
Obese individuals are highly stigmatized in our society, with bias and discrimination as common outcomes (1,2). Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the American population, the number of children and adults potentially faced with stigmatizati ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · January 1, 2008
Research on childhood obesity has primarily been conducted by experts in nutrition, psychology, and medicine. Only recently have public policy scholars devoted serious work to this burgeoning public health crisis. Here the authors advance that research by ...
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Journal ArticleSchizophrenia research · November 2007
Obesity is a serious medical problem that disproportionately affects people with severe mental illness. Behavioral strategies aimed at lifestyle modification have proven effective for weight loss in general population but have not been studied adequately a ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · April 2007
In a meta-analysis of 88 studies, we examined the association between soft drink consumption and nutrition and health outcomes. We found clear associations of soft drink intake with increased energy intake and body weight. Soft drink intake also was associ ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · January 2007
Childhood obesity has become a public health epidemic, and currently a battle exists over how to frame and address this problem. This paper explores how public policy approaches can be employed to address obesity. We present the argument that obesity shoul ...
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Journal ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · October 2006
ObjectiveThis study examined experiences of weight stigmatization, sources of stigma, coping strategies, psychological functioning, and eating behaviors in a sample of 2671 overweight and obese adults.Research methods and proceduresThe to ...
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Journal ArticleGlobalization and Health · September 12, 2006
Developed countries had high obesity rates before the problem was taken seriously and hence the genesis must be seen in retrospect. Developing countries offer a clear view of causal factors but also opportunities for prevention, which must focus on both fo ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · July 2006
ObjectiveMore than 50 individuals have published eating disorder (ED) memoirs. The current study was the first to test whether memoirs affect readers' eating attitudes and behaviors, and whether they normalize and/or glamorize EDs.MethodF ...
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Journal ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · March 2006
ObjectiveThis study examined the influence of one's own body weight on the strength of implicit and explicit anti-fat bias.Research methods and procedureImplicit and explicit anti-fat attitudes and obesity stereotypes were assessed among ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2006
With the prevalence of obesity being at record levels and showing every indication of increasing descriptors such as “epidemic” and “crisis” seem justified (1). To prevent even more unnecessary death, disability, and damage to the nation’s collective well ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · January 1, 2006
This work investigated negative attitudes toward overweight people and whether anti-fat attitudes and behavior could be reduced by media-based empathy and classical conditioning interventions. Participants were first primed by an empathy-evoking video of o ...
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Journal ArticleForeign Policy · November 1, 2005
Think America is overweight? Take a look at the rest of the world. Obesity has become a global pandemic that afflicts young and old, rich and poor alike. ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · September 2005
In 3 experiments, the authors tested the effect of perceived social consensus on attitudes toward obese people. Participants completed self-report measures of attitudes toward obese people prior to and after manipulated consensus feedback depicting attitud ...
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Journal ArticleIssues in Science and Technology · January 1, 2005
The issues related to prevent childhood obesity are discussed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Obesity is one of the problems brought on by poor diet and lack of physical activity. Mandatory immunization required safety restraints in cars and restrictio ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · December 2004
Stress eating is a health behavior that has been overlooked in much of health psychology research. It is largely unknown why some tend to eat during or after stressful periods, whereas others tend to lose their appetite and lose weight. Furthermore, it is ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · October 2004
ObjectiveTo investigate the internalization of anti-fat bias among overweight individuals across a variety of attitudes and stereotypes.DesignTwo studies were conducted using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a performance-based measur ...
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Journal ArticleBody Image · January 1, 2004
Modern western culture emphasizes thinness, denigrates excess weight, and stigmatizes obese individuals, making it likely that obese people internalize these messages and feel badly about the physical presence that brands them. There is clear evidence that ...
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Journal ArticleEating and weight disorders : EWD · December 2003
The stigma-producing effects of "before and after" diet advertisements on a healthy weight sample were examined. Subjects (n = 59) were exposed to a presentation containing either a "before and after" diet ad, or solely the "before" or "after" picture embe ...
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Journal ArticleObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · November 2003
Widespread bias and discrimination based on weight have been documented in key areas of living, including education, employment, and health care. This paper examines the social and psychological origins of this bias through a review and critique of theoret ...
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Journal ArticleObesity research · September 2003
PurposeTo determine the level of anti-fat bias in health professionals specializing in obesity and identify personal characteristics that correlate with both implicit and explicit bias.Research methods and proceduresThe Implicit Associati ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · August 2003
ObjectivesThis study examined the distribution and individual characteristics of body types on prime-time television.MethodsFive episodes of each of the 10 top-rated prime-time fictional programs on 6 broadcast networks during the 1999-20 ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of nutrition education and behavior · July 2003
This study investigated whether children would choose toys over candy when offered both on Halloween. Seven households gave trick-or-treaters a choice between comparably sized toys and candies. The subjects (N = 284) were between 3 and 14 years of age. Chi ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · July 2003
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the relation between sociotropy and bulimic symptoms. Studies of interpersonal functioning among individuals with bulimia nervosa consistently reveal issues of social dependency, need for approval, ...
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Journal ArticleSex Roles · May 1, 2003
To evaluate the effects of self-objectification on mood, motivation, and cognitive performance, 80 women either tried on a swimsuit (high objectification) or a sweater (low objectification). In addition, in order to investigate whether "fat talk" exacerbat ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · March 2003
Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this 2-week longitudinal study examined health behaviors in a sample of 279 adolescents. Social norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were tested as predictors of self-reported intentions and behaviors in 2 ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2003
Research is clear in showing that obese individuals are highly stigmatized, and that bias and discrimination are often a consequence (1). Given that half the American population is overweight, the number of people potentially faced with discrimination and ...
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Journal ArticleEating Behaviors · January 1, 2003
There is clear documentation of bias and discrimination aimed at overweight persons, but less is known about methods individuals use to cope with weight stigma. This paper provides an analysis of such methods, integrating work on weight stigma with what is ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · January 2003
Three studies investigated implicit biases, and their modifiability, against overweight persons. In Study 1 (N = 144), the authors demonstrated strong implicit anti-fat attitudes and stereotypes using the Implicit Association Test, despite no explicit anti ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · September 2002
This study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of an environmental intervention for improving diet by comparing the impact of health messages, lowered prices, and their combination on the purchase of healthy food items in a restaurant. Price decreas ...
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Journal ArticleEating Behaviors · July 30, 2002
Initial research suggests that self-conscious affect such as shame may perpetuate bulimic symptoms among individuals suffering from bulimia nervosa (BN). This investigation reports findings from two studies that examine the relation of shame to bulimic sym ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology · June 2002
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and other developed nations. In the United States, 27% of adults are obese and an additional 34% are overweight. Research in the past decade has shown that genetic influences clearly predispose ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · January 2002
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relation between emotional expression and body dissatisfaction in a sample of young women.MethodParticipants were 141 female undergraduates. They were assessed for emotional expression ...
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Journal ArticleObesity research · December 2001
This article reviews information on discriminatory attitudes and behaviors against obese individuals, integrates this to show whether systematic discrimination occurs and why, and discusses needed work in the field. Clear and consistent stigmatization, and ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · October 2001
ObjectiveTo investigate whether negative implicit attitudes and beliefs toward overweight persons exist among health professionals who specialize in obesity treatment, and to compare these findings to the implicit anti-fat bias evident in the gene ...
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Journal ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology · January 2001
To date, there are few known predictors of stress-induced eating. The purpose of this study was to identify whether physiological and psychological variables are related to eating after stress. Specifically, we hypothesized that high cortisol reactivity in ...
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Journal ArticlePsychosomatic medicine · September 2000
ObjectiveExcessive central fat puts one at greater risk of disease. In animal studies, stress-induced cortisol secretion has been shown to increase central fat. The objective of this study was to assess whether women with central fat distribution ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · July 2000
Associations between parent and child attitudes and behaviors related to eating and weight were examined among college-age men and women and their mothers and fathers (ns = 44, 47, 87, and 66, respectively). Parent attitudes and behaviors were assessed fro ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · June 2000
Health officials often wish to sponsor nutrition and other health promotion programs but are hampered by lack of funding. One source of funding is suggested by the fact that 18 states and 1 major city levy special taxes on soft drinks, candy, chewing gum, ...
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Journal ArticlePsychosomatic medicine · March 2000
ObjectiveThis report describes associations between body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), eating attitudes, and affective symptoms across pregnancy and the postpartum period in a sample of 64 women.MethodsAs part of a larger study, women were rec ...
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Journal ArticleEating Disorders · January 1, 2000
The psychometric properties of a new scale that measures fearful cognitions associated with eating problems were explored, using two independent samples of undergraduate females. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to revise and shorte ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1999
Objective: This study examined the effects of considering oneself to be masculine, feminine, or androgynous in appearance, of having friends who share one's gender and sexual orientation, and of affiliating with three subcommunities within the lesbian soci ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1999
Objective: This study examined whether married individuals have comparable body image disturbance to nonmarried individuals and whether the quality of a marital relationship is significantly related to body image disturbance in a sample of dieters. Method: ...
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Journal ArticleClinical cornerstone · January 1999
Lifestyle change--most notably, modification of eating behavior, physical activity, and psychologic factors like attitudes, goals, and emotions--is the central determinant of whether people will lose weight and maintain the loss. Even when medical interven ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · January 1999
Global changes in eating attitudes were examined prospectively across pregnancy and 4 months postpartum in a sample of 90 women. In addition, specific changes in dieting behavior and weight/shape satisfaction were assessed at 4 months postpartum for concur ...
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Journal ArticleEuropean journal of clinical investigation · September 1998
Behaviour is an important factor in both the aetiology and treatment of obesity. Successful long-term weight management ultimately depends on the ability of patients to change their behaviour patterns, particularly with regard to diet and exercise. Many pa ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology · August 1998
Two measures of weight cycling and indexes of psychological functioning were examined in a large sample of dieters. History of weight cycling was assessed to include number of dieting attempts, total lifetime weight lost and regained, and number of weight ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of health promotion : AJHP · July 1998
PurposeTo examine compliance with the guideline for dietary fat (i.e., 30% of total daily colonies) and covariates of fat intake in a cohort of adults using both 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).DesignProspective, obs ...
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Journal ArticleObesity research · May 1998
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine beliefs regarding reasons for weight gain, likely responses to weight loss relapse, notions of reasonable weight loss, and correlations between beliefs and attitudes in a large nonclinical sample o ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · April 1998
ObjectiveThis study examined the association between motivations to run and eating disturbances in a sample of obligatory and nonobligatory runners.Method240 males and 84 females were evaluated for running habits, motivations for running, ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican Journal of Managed Care · March 1, 1998
The emerging concept of obesity is one of chronic disease requiring chronic care. Many healthcare professionals are not trained with this new concept and are faced with learning new weight management techniques that are likely to be more effective in the l ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1998
Objective: This study examined disordered eating, attitudes about weight and appearance, self-esteem, weight loss, and reasons for weight regain in a sample of white, black, Asian, and Hispanic female dieters. Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive st ...
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Journal ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise · January 1998
Almost one-quarter of U.S. children are now obese, a dramatic increase of over 20% in the past decade. It is intriguing that the increase in prevalence has been occurring while overall fat consumption has been declining. Body mass and composition are influ ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Dietetic Association · May 1997
ObjectivesTo study natural weight changes and to develop a weight classification system that can identify weight maintainers, gainers, and losers. DESIGN/OUTCOME: A prospective, observational study in which weight changes over five annual measurem ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · January 1997
ObjectiveThis study examined gender differences in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) on eating-related psychopathology and general psychological functioning.MethodSubjects were age-matched men (n = 21) and women (n = 21) with B ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1997
Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that the relationship of psychosocial variables to body fat distribution would differ in men and women and would vary according to gender differences in natural patterns of fat distribution. Method: Body fat dist ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1997
Objective: The present study examined the relationship among weight, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem in a large group of African American and white female dieters who were generally overweight and of middle to high socioeconomic status. Method: Subje ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1997
Objective: The present study sought to examine the validity and utility of diagnostic criteria for binge-eating disorder (BED) by replicating and extending a study reported by de Zwaan and colleagues (International Journal of Eating Disorders 15, 43-52, 19 ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1997
Objective: This study investigated the relationship between eating and weight behaviors and functioning in individuals' families of origin. Method: Subjects were 237 women and 242 men enrolled in the RENO (Relationship of Energy, Nutrition, and Obesity) Di ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1997
Objective: In examining individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), we aimed to determine whether their binge eating preceded their first diet or their first diet preceded their binge eating, the age of their first diet, the age of their first binge, and ...
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Journal ArticleAddictive behaviors · November 1996
Eating disorders and obesity are rising in prevalence and are problems of considerable public health significance. Prevailing treatments have a limited impact on public health because the disorders do not yield easily to intervention and because the treatm ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · February 1996
Preliminary research in the treatment of obesity suggests that group interventions may be at least as effective as individual interventions, presumably due to the social support created among individuals in the group. Given that a cost-effectiveness analys ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Eating Disorders · 1996
Objective: To assess body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, race, socioeconomic status, and age. Method: An analysis of personal advertisements was conducted across seven different publications which targeted the groups of interest. Results: ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of Behavioral Medicine · January 1, 1996
Recent studies have suggested that weight changes may be related to disease risk independent of weight status. A critical step in testing this assertion is the measurement of weight change and so-called 'weight cycling.' However intuitive the concept of we ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · November 1995
Using hip measurements as a constant, calculations were made to determine the changes necessary for a young, healthy adult woman and man to attain the same body proportions as Barbie and Ken dolls, respectively. Among the changes necessary were for the fem ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · October 1995
Exercise is clearly beneficial as a means for losing weight and keeping it off. Given recent studies showing its association with maintenance, it would be difficult to argue that any factor is more important than exercise. For an exercise program to be hel ...
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Journal ArticleObesity research · September 1995
To characterize people who maintain weight over long periods of time, normal weight and obese adults (n = 385) were studied over five annual visits. Subjects were classified using a +/- 5 lb change between the first and the fifth year visits to determine o ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of sport nutrition · September 1995
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of dietary intake in 16 female heavyweight rowers during the sprint racing phase of the season. Caloric intake for the rowers was 2,633 kcal/day, lower than expected given the training regimen of these ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · July 1995
There has been increasing interest in the effects of chronic dieting and of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain in athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the eating and weight loss practices, nutrition, and psychological factors i ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · April 1995
This investigation attempted to determine psychological correlates of weight fluctuation in a sample of 497 normal weight and obese adults who were enrolled in a prospective, natural history study. Subjects were stratified by gender, obesity, and age and c ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology · February 1995
For identification of factors for matching individuals to treatments, experts in the field of obesity were surveyed about the indications and contraindications for 11 common approaches to weight loss. The experts provided 170 client characteristics as poss ...
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Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · January 1995
Studies comparing obese and nonobese persons have generally failed to find differences in global aspects of psychological functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety). The resulting conclusion, that obesity does not carry risk for psychological problems, is ini ...
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Journal ArticleBehavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.) · January 1995
In recent government reports, scientists have highlighted the link between diet and health and have concluded that dietary changes could reduce risks for some major chronic illnesses (ie, cancer and cardiovascular disease). As a result, the feasibility of ...
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Journal ArticleBehavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.) · January 1995
Diet has an important impact not only on health but also on daily functioning, cognitive performance, and, perhaps, psychological well-being. Much is known about the specific dietary changes necessary to improve these factors, yet it becomes ever more clea ...
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Journal ArticlePsychology Health · November 1, 1994
The stress-eating relationship was examined in a prospective study of 158 subjects who completed daily records of stress and eating for 84 days, yielding 16, 188 person days of observation. Using both within-subjects and between-subjects analyses, individu ...
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Journal ArticleThe American psychologist · September 1994
An impassioned debate over the virtues and dangers of dieting is polarizing the field and diverts attention from key issues. Dieting clearly has costs and, for some, has the potential for benefit. The primary challenges are (a) to identify individuals who ...
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Journal ArticleAddictive behaviors · July 1994
This study examined the relationship of physical-appearance-related teasing history to body image and self-esteem in a clinical sample of adult obese females. The frequency of being teased about weight and size while growing up was negatively correlated wi ...
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Journal ArticleArchives of internal medicine · June 1994
This article reviews studies on the effects of weight cycling and weight variability on metabolism, psychological status, morbidity, and mortality. Repeated bouts of weight loss and regain, known as weight cycling or yo-yo dieting, are highly prevalent, oc ...
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Journal ArticleEating Disorders · January 1, 1994
Weight dissatisfaction, dieting, and weight change, assessed by question-naires, were studied in 471 subjects stratified by gender, age (20-60+ years) and weight (normal/obese), participating in the RENO Diet Heart Study. Female and obese subjects had more ...
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Journal ArticleObesity research · January 1994
We examined the relationship of the social self to body dissatisfaction and to binge eating in two clinical samples of obese females. In the first study, with 32 nonbingeing obese females, social self measures of Public Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiet ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of internal medicine · October 1993
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relation between weight variability and death in high-risk, middle-aged men participating in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).DesignCohort study with 3.8 years of follow-up.SettingMulti ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · September 1993
Antidieting sentiment is strengthened in part by the assumption that all diets fail, which in turn is based on data from university-based treatment programs. A small percentage of overweight people attempt to lose weight in these programs, and they differ ...
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Journal ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders · September 1993
Rowers compete in a sport that allows comparison of male and female athletes and where some (lightweight) but not others (heavyweights) must meet specific weight criteria. Eating attitudes, dieting patterns, weight fluctuation, and methods of weight loss w ...
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Journal ArticleCirculation · September 1993
The workshop provided the opportunity to discuss issues and develop and integrate ideas. The following recommendations for public policies, education programs, and high-priority research initiatives were developed: Recommendations for Public Policies: Focu ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of consulting and clinical psychology · August 1992
Obesity remains a leading public health problem because of its complications, prevalence, and resistance to change, despite record rates of dieting. Risk factors exist at both population and individual levels, thus obesity has diverse etiologies and conseq ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine · May 1992
Obesity is an important health problem. Despite record rates of dieting and the availability of numerous programs, the problem is not abating. This article discusses the popularity of fad diets, the safety and effectiveness of commonly used approaches to w ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · January 1992
We examined the association between level of exercise and degree of weight preoccupation in a large sample of male and female runners, as well as risk factors posited to influence weight and eating concerns in the general population. Subjects were 2,459 ma ...
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Journal ArticlePhysiology & behavior · January 1992
As dieting behavior and attempts at weight loss are becoming increasingly common in adolescent girls, we wished to determine whether early-onset repeated dieting influenced the development of obesity and its metabolic correlates. Female rats were fed a hig ...
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Journal ArticleThe New England journal of medicine · June 1991
BackgroundFluctuation in body weight is a common phenomenon, due in part to the high prevalence of dieting. In this study we examined the associations between variability in body weight and health end points in subjects participating in the Framin ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of physiology · March 1991
Weight cycling (weight loss and regain) increases fat intake in rats allowed to self-select a diet from protein, carbohydrate, and fat sources. This study reports the effects of exercise on macronutrient self-selection. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 mo old ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · January 1, 1991
Body weight is regulated by a complex interaction of biological, behavioral, and cultural factors. The population as a whole is at risk for obesity because of increased intake of dietary fat, the consumption of calories in fewer meals per day, striking acc ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · January 1, 1991
Modern society breeds a search for the perfect body. Today's aesthetic ideal is extremely thin, and now, superimposed on this, is the need to be physically fit. People seek the ideal, not only because of expected health benefits, but because of what the id ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · January 1991
Good health has become more than a means to personal goals such as greater attractiveness and increased longevity. It symbolizes self-control, hard work, ambition, and success in life. Inherent in this symbolism is the concept that the individual controls ...
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Journal ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise · December 1990
To assess current weight loss practices in wrestlers, 63 college wrestlers and 368 high school wrestlers completed a questionnaire that examined the frequency and magnitude of weight loss, weight control methods, emotions associated with weight loss, dieti ...
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Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · January 1990
All children in Grades 3 through 12 of one school system completed a survey about health habits and beliefs including smoking and eating habits, perceptions of exercise, weight, and parental involvement in health. The surveys were factor-analyzed within gr ...
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Journal ArticleHealth education quarterly · January 1989
This article describes a set of studies which compare the effectiveness of innovative interventions led by older peers and which included a parent component with teacher-led interventions for nutrition, blood pressure, and smoking prevention. Information a ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Medical Association · 1988
This study examined resting metabolic rate in adolescent wrestlers to test the hypothesis that repeated cycles of weight loss and regain would be associated with reduced energy requirements. Energy restriction lowers resting metabolic rate in normal-weight ...
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Journal ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise · December 1987
Athletes engage in a number of dietary and weight control practices which may influence metabolism, health, and performance. This paper reviews the literature on these factors with special emphasis on athletes who show large, frequent, and rapid fluctuatio ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · November 1987
Experimentation with both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco by children in grades 3-12 in a school district in Pennsylvania was related to peer experimentation, parental use, and personal beliefs about the harm of the product for both males and females. Exp ...
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Journal ArticleNutrition Today · January 1, 1987
There may be different “obesities” with different etiologies, characteristics and indications for treatment. The dangers of dieting must be balanced against the potential benefits, and if dieting is undertaken, a comprehensive program based on new principl ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · January 1, 1987
This paper adopts an aggressive stance on short-term and long-term weight losses produced by treatment of obesity. For many years the behavior therapy field has settled for small weight losses. This has resulted in part from a focus on "maintenance," which ...
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Journal ArticlePhysiology & behavior · October 1986
This study examined the metabolic effects of weight cycling, i.e., repeated periods of weight loss followed by regain. There were three groups of adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats: (1) Chow Controls (a normal weight control group fed chow throughout); (2) Ob ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition · March 1985
This study investigated the acceptability of two very-low-calorie diets in 16 moderately overweight persons participating in a weight reduction program. Subjects were prescribed a 1000-1200 kcal balanced diet the first month and asked to complete appetite ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry · January 1985
Three consecutive studies of weight reduction at the work site were conducted with 172 female union members, who participated in 16-week behavioral group programs. There was no significant difference in weight loss over the three studies, but attrition dec ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of public health · November 1984
Three weight loss competitions were held in business/industrial settings. One competition was between three banks; the other two were within industries, either between employee teams selected at random or between divisions of the industry. Attrition in the ...
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Journal ArticlePediatric annals · June 1984
The problem of obesity in children must be taken seriously and treated aggressively. The long-term psychological, social, and medical consequences of childhood obesity can be quite serious. Behavior modification has shown new promise compared to the discou ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Dietetic Association · April 1984
This article examines the psychological and physiological concomitants of obesity and presents practical methods for working with obese patients. Three areas of physiology are covered: fat cell theory, set point theory, and dietary obesity. The social and ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity · January 1984
Several behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors are related to the likelihood that an individual will be obese and to that person's chances of success at weight reduction. This paper identifies ten such factors and proposes that this combinati ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Sports Medicine · January 1, 1984
Obesity is a major public health problem because of its prevalence, its serious medical and psychosocial effects, and its striking resistance to treatment. Popular thought is that overeating is the prime contributor to positive energy balance (hence a 'die ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of internal medicine · November 1983
Very low calorie diets used to treat moderate and severe obesity produce average weight losses of 20 kg in 12 weeks. This paper reviews the development of very low calorie diets from research on fasting in the late 1950s and examines data on the amount of ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrics · April 1983
Weight and blood pressure changes were evaluated in a 16-month controlled trial comparing three methods of involving mothers in the treatment of their obese adolescents (aged 12 to 16 years). The treatments were: (1) Mother-Child Separately--children and m ...
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Journal ArticlePediatrician · January 1983
The problem of obesity in children must be identified early and treated seriously. The long-term psychological, social, and medical consequences of childhood obesity can be quite serious. Behavior modification has shown new promise compared to the discoura ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry · November 1982
Patients and physicians correctly identified medication assignments in 70% of the cases in a double-blind trial of an appetite suppressant. The breach of the double-blind design may have had therapeutic consequences; correct identification was associated w ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition · April 1982
We report three studies that examine the accuracy and usefulness of food records among dieting obese patients. In study 1 errors in quantity and calorie estimates for 10 common foods averaged 63.9% (quantity) and 53.4% (calories). The results of study 2 in ...
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Journal ArticleCirculation · March 1982
Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and other lipids and lipoproteins of 24 men and 37 women were measured before and after a 10-week exercise program. The program involved three sessions of aerobic exercise each week, with 15-20 minutes o ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition · February 1982
Sixty-three obese children, ages 5 to 12 yr, participated in a school-based program of behavior modification, nutrition education, and physical activity. The 10-wk program involved educating the children and those in the children's social network (parents, ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of obesity · January 1982
Thirty-six women were treated for 16 weeks with fenfluramine and behavior therapy. There was a strong correlation between drug dosage and plasma levels of fenfluramine. In contrast to two previous reports, however, there was no correlation between plasma l ...
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Journal ArticleArchives of general psychiatry · November 1981
The effects of behavior therapy with and without either pharmacotherapy or couples training were studied in 124 obese adults. In a 16-week behavioral weight-reduction program, patients were assigned to medication (fenfluramine hydrochloride) and no-medicat ...
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Journal ArticleArchives of Internal Medicine · 1981
Levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and other lipoproteins of 73 obese men and women were measured before and after a 16-week weight reduction program. There were significant differences between men and women. In men, a 10.7-kg ...
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Journal ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry · December 1980
Using a new experimental paradigm to evaluate physical activity in the natural environment, the authors made of 45,694 observations of persons using stairs or an adjacent escalator at a shopping mall, train station, and bus terminal. In study 1, stair use ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of lipid research · July 1980
This study was performed to determine the effect of frozen and unfrozen storage on plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol analysis. HDL-cholesterol was determined, following removal of the other lipoproteins by precipitation with heparin and MnC ...
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Journal ArticleAdvances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · January 1, 1980
The long-term evidence on the behavioral treatment of obesity, including both experimentally controlled outcome studies and uncontrolled clinical trials, is critically reviewed. Results of the controlled studies show that weight loss at post-treatment (a m ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of clinical psychology · October 1979
Evaluated a behavoiral treatment program for 147 obese patients in a Weight Control Clinic. Weight losses during treatment averaged 11.01 pounds with large inter-S variability. Unlike past studies, patients continued to lose weight during a 6-month follow- ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of diseases of children (1960) · April 1978
The development of behavioral techniques for the control of obesity in children is reviewed. Techniques developed for the treatment of obese adults have recently been modified for use with children, and to date, six studies exist that have evaluated their ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · January 1, 1978
This case study examines the response-response relationships between three distinct patterns of sexual arousal-exhibitionism, sadism, and heterosexual arousal-in the treatment of a 25-year-old male arrested for exhibitionism and attempted rape. Physiologic ...
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Journal ArticleBehavior Therapy · January 1, 1977
This experiment was designed to investigate the capacity of stringent and lenient performance standards to elicit and maintain academic performance when self-determined or externally imposed. The ability of stringency instructions and social reinforcement ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · January 1, 1976
Measurement and modification is described of the sexual deviations of a 34-yr-old male with a history of exhibitionism and sexual contact with his stepdaughter. A multiple baseline design was employed to assess the effects of covert sensitization not only ...
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