Scholars@Duke
Paloma Borrajo Liton

Paloma Borrajo Liton

Professor in Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
paloma.liton@duke.edu
DUMC 3802, Durham, NC 27710
2351 Erwin Road, Aeri 4004, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Time-Lapse Live-Cell Imaging Using Fluorescent Protein Sensors in Outflow Pathway Cells Under Fluid Flow Conditions.

Journal Article Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · January 2025 The role of shear stress in regulating aqueous humor (AH) outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) of the eye is an emerging field. Shear stress has been shown to activate mechanosensitive ion channels ... Full text Cite

Autophagy deficiency protects against ocular hypertension and glaucoma

Journal Article Autophagy Reports · December 31, 2024 Full text Cite

Autophagy deficiency protects against ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in experimental and spontanous glaucoma mouse models.

Journal Article Cell Death Dis · August 24, 2023 Glaucoma is a group of diseases that leads to chronic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and progressive loss of RGCs, resulting in vision loss. While aging and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) have been identified as the main contributin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy in age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Autophagy · February 2023 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population with limited understanding of its pathogenesis and a lack of effective treatment. The progression of AMD is initially characterized by atrophic alterat ... Full text Link to item Cite

AUTOPHAGY IN THE EYE: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOPHYSOLOGY.

Journal Article Autophagy Rep · 2023 Autophagy is a catabolic self-degradative pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of intracellular material through the lysosomal compartment. Although first believed to function in conditions of nutritional stress, autophagy is emerging as a c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shear stress induces autophagy in Schlemm's canal cells via primary cilia-mediated SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.

Journal Article Autophagy Rep · 2023 The Schlemm's canal (SC) is a circular, lymphatic-like vessel located at the limbus of the eye that participates in the regulation of aqueous humor drainage to control intraocular pressure (IOP). Circumferential flow of aqueous humor within the SC lumen ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crosstalk between the mTOR pathway and primary cilia in human diseases.

Chapter · 2023 Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process whereby excessive or damaged cytoplasmic components are degraded through lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Studies of mTOR signaling have revealed that mTOR controls biomass generation and metabolism b ... Full text Link to item Cite

The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the autophagy lysosomal system in the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway: More than cellular clean up.

Journal Article Prog Retin Eye Res · September 2022 During the last few years, the autophagy lysosomal system is emerging as a central cellular pathway with roles in survival, acting as a housekeeper and stress response mechanism. Studies by our and other labs suggest that autophagy might play an essential ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consensus Recommendation for Mouse Models of Ocular Hypertension to Study Aqueous Humor Outflow and Its Mechanisms.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · February 1, 2022 Due to their similarities in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology to humans, mice are a valuable model system to study the generation and mechanisms modulating conventional outflow resistance and thus intraocular pressure. In addition, mouse models are cr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial ROS Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction and Autophagy Impairment in an Animal Model of Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · September 2, 2021 PURPOSE: The Slc4a11 knock out (KO) mouse model recapitulates the human disease phenotype associated with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Slc4a11 KO mouse model is a major cau ... Full text Link to item Cite

Primary cilia and the reciprocal activation of AKT and SMAD2/3 regulate stretch-induced autophagy in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 30, 2021 Activation of autophagy is one of the responses elicited by high intraocular pressure (IOP) and mechanical stretch in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. However, the mechanosensor and the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is induced by mechanical stretc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

Journal Article Autophagy · January 2021 In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cathepsin B Localizes in the Caveolae and Participates in the Proteolytic Cascade in Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Potential New Drug Target for the Treatment of Glaucoma.

Journal Article J Clin Med · December 28, 2020 Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is one of the hallmarks of glaucoma, a group of human diseases and leading cause of permanent blindness. The molecular mechanisms underlying ECM deposition in the glaucomatous TM are not ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy in the Aging and Experimental Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · August 3, 2020 PURPOSE: To investigate autophagy in the outflow pathway and ganglion cell layer in the aging and ocular hypertensive mouse. METHODS: Both 4-month-old and 18-month-old C57BL/6J and GFP-LC3 mice were subjected to unilateral injection of hypertonic saline in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Redirecting Vesicular Transport to Improve Nonviral Delivery of Molecular Cargo.

Journal Article Adv Biosyst · August 2020 Cell engineering relies heavily on viral vectors for the delivery of molecular cargo into cells due to their superior efficiency compared to nonviral ones. However, viruses are immunogenic and expensive to manufacture, and have limited delivery capacity. N ... Full text Link to item Cite

The autophagic protein LC3 translocates to the nucleus and localizes in the nucleolus associated to NUFIP1 in response to cyclic mechanical stress.

Journal Article Autophagy · July 2020 UNLABELLED: The trabecular meshwork (TM) is a key regulatory tissue of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber of eye. Dysfunction of the TM causes resistance to outflow of aqueous humor, which in turn leads to elevated IOP, a main risk factor o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy in the Aging and Experimental Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · 2020 Cite

Transcriptome analysis reveals autophagy as regulator of TGFβ/Smad-induced fibrogenesis in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Sci Rep · November 6, 2019 The trabecular meshwork (TM) is a specialized ocular tissue, which is responsible, together with the Schlemm's canal (SC), for maintaining appropriate levels of intraocular pressure. Dysfunction of these tissues leads to ocular hypertension and increases t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy is a regulator of TGF beta-induced fibrogenesis in trabecular meshwork cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · July 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Cross-talk between autophagy and TGF-beta signaling in human trabecular meshwork cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · July 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Consensus recommendations for trabecular meshwork cell isolation, characterization and culture.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · June 2018 Cultured trabecular meshwork (TM) cells are a valuable model system to study the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of conventional outflow resistance and thus intraocular pressure; and their dysfunction resulting in ocular hypertension. In thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contribution of autophagy to ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in the DBA/2J spontaneous glaucoma mouse model.

Journal Article Cell Death Discov · 2018 Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by axonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cells loss. Several factors have been postulated to play a role in glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) being the best well-known causative factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Activation of mitophagy leads to decline in Mfn2 and loss of mitochondrial mass in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 27, 2017 Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) are terminally differentiated cells that have limited regenerative potential. The large numbers of mitochondria in HCEnCs are critical for pump and barrier function required for corneal hydration and transparency. F ... Full text Link to item Cite

New Role of Autophagy Genes in Trabecular Meshwork Mechanotransduction

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Measles Virus Hemagglutinin epitopes immunogenic in natural infection and vaccination are targeted by broad or genotype-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Journal Article Virus Res · May 15, 2017 Measles virus (MV) remains a leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in children. Protection against MV is associated with neutralizing antibodies that preferentially recognize the viral hemagglutinin (MV-H), and to a lesser extent, the fusion protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy and mechanotransduction in outflow pathway cells.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · May 2017 Because of elevations in IOP and other forces, cells in the trabecular meshwork (TM) are constantly subjected to mechanical strain. In order to preserve cellular function and regain homeostasis, cells must sense and adapt to these morphological changes. We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Involvement of a Rac1-Dependent Macropinocytosis Pathway in Plasmid DNA Delivery by Electrotransfection.

Journal Article Mol Ther · March 1, 2017 Electrotransfection is a widely used method for delivering genes into cells with electric pulses. Although different hypotheses have been proposed, the mechanism of electrotransfection remains controversial. Previous studies have indicated that uptake and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lysosomal Enzymes in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Outflow Pathway Function

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · September 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Autophagic dysregulation in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · September 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Successful Implementation of a Program for Increasing Donor Eyes for Research: The Duke-Miracles In Sight Program.

Journal Article J Ocul Pharmacol Ther · April 2016 PURPOSE: Although essential for development of ocular therapeutics, the quality and quantity of human donor eyes for research have been on the decline. To streamline procurement protocols, provide better medical documentation of tissue, and improve freshne ... Full text Link to item Cite

The autophagic lysosomal system in outflow pathway physiology and pathophysiology.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · March 2016 Malfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM)/schlemm's canal (SC) conventional outflow pathway is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and, therefore, increased risk of developing glaucoma, a potentially blinding disease affecting more than 7 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Erratum.

Journal Article Autophagy · 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Autophagy in the Neuroretina and Angle Region of DBA/2J Mice

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Autophagy and Mechanotransduction in Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Autophagic dysregulation in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta · March 2015 Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a degenerative disease commonly associated with aging and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Higher resistance to aqueous humor (AH) outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM) generates the elevated IOP in POAG; un ... Full text Link to item Cite

MTOR-independent induction of autophagy in trabecular meshwork cells subjected to biaxial stretch.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta · June 2014 The trabecular meshwork (TM) is part of a complex tissue that controls the exit of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye, and therefore helps maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP). Because of variations in IOP with changing pressure gradients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ascorbic Acid Modulation of Iron Homeostasis and Lysosomal Function in Trabecular Meshwork

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · April 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Ascorbic acid modulation of iron homeostasis and lysosomal function in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · March 2014 PurposeTo investigate the antioxidant properties and biological functions of ascorbic acid (AA) on trabecular meshwork (TM) cells.MethodsPrimary cultures of porcine TM cells were supplemented for 10 days with increasing concentrations of ... Full text Cite

Activated αvβ3 integrin regulates αvβ5 integrin-mediated phagocytosis in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · July 24, 2013 PURPOSE: To investigate the roles of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in phagocytosis in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. METHODS: Immunofluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis were used to determine levels of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in TM tissue and cultur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Integrins Modulate Phagocytosis in Human Trabecular Meshwork (TM) Cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

DIMINISHED AUTOPHAGIC CAPACITY OF GLAUCOMATOUS TRABECULAR MESHWORK CELLS

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · June 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Lysosomal basification and decreased autophagic flux in oxidatively stressed trabecular meshwork cells: implications for glaucoma pathogenesis.

Journal Article Autophagy · April 2013 Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage as a key factor contributing to the failure of the conventional outflow pathway tissue to maintain appropriate levels of intraocular pressure, and thus increase the risk for developing glaucoma, a late-onset di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cathepsin B is up-regulated and mediates extracellular matrix degradation in trabecular meshwork cells following phagocytic challenge.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 Cells in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a tissue responsible for draining aqueous humor out of the eye, are known to be highly phagocytic. Phagocytic activity in TM cells is thought to play an important role in outflow pathway physiology. However, the molec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Journal Article Autophagy · April 2012 In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Up-regulated expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes in phagocytically challenged trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 BACKGROUND: Cells in the trabecular meshwork (TM), the tissue responsible for draining aqueous humor out of the eye, are known to be highly phagocytic. Phagocytic function in TM cells is thought to play an important role in the normal functioning of the ou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intralysosomal iron induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin D-mediated cell death in trabecular meshwork cells exposed to oxidative stress.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · December 2010 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To investigate the role of intralysosomal redox-active iron in oxidative stress-induced damage in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: Chronic oxidative stress was applied using the hyperoxic model; acute oxidative stress was applied with H(2) ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of proteolytic cellular systems in trabecular meshwork homeostasis.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · April 2009 Featured Publication The molecular mechanisms contributing to the progressive malfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM)/Schlemm's canal (SC) conventional outflow pathway during aging and in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) are still poorly understood. Progressive accumulat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resveratrol prevents the expression of glaucoma markers induced by chronic oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Food Chem Toxicol · January 2009 Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) constitutes the best characterized risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Elevated IOP is believed to result from an increase in aqueous humor outflow resistance at the level of the trabecular meshwork (TM)/Schlemm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cross-talk between TGF-beta1 and IL-6 in human trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Mol Vis · 2009 PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells as well as to identify the signaling pathway/s involved in the increased IL-6 expression that o ... Link to item Cite

Alterations in gene expression induced by cyclic mechanical stress in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Mol Vis · 2009 PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in gene expression induced by cyclic mechanical stress (CMS) in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: Human TM cultures from three donors were plated on type I collagen-coated flexible silicone bottom plates and subje ... Link to item Cite

Potential role of lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma.

Journal Article Autophagy · January 2009 Featured Publication Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a late onset disease usually accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that results from the failure of the trabecular meshwork (TM) to maintain normal levels of aqueous humor outflow resistance. Cells in the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cultured porcine trabecular meshwork cells display altered lysosomal function when subjected to chronic oxidative stress.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · September 2008 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic oxidative stress on lysosomal function in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: Confluent cultures of porcine TM cells were grown for 2 weeks in physiological (5% O(2)) or hyperoxic conditions (40% O(2)) in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stress response of the trabecular meshwork.

Journal Article J Glaucoma · August 2008 Featured Publication The trabecular meshwork (TM) is known to be subjected to different types of stress such as mechanical, oxidative, and phagocytic stress. Although short-term exposure to these stresses is expected to elicit adaptive responses, long-term exposure may lead to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sustained stress response after oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Mol Vis · December 17, 2007 PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms by which chronic oxidative stress may lead to a sustained stress response similar to that previously observed in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucoma donors. METHODS: Porcine TM cells were treated with 200 microM ... Link to item Cite

Effect of cellular senescence on the P2Y-receptor mediated calcium response in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Mol Vis · October 16, 2007 PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential release of ATP that is mediated by mechanical stress on trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, to identify the specific P2Y receptors mediating the ATP response, and to determine whether cellula ... Link to item Cite

Cytoprotective effects of proteasome beta5 subunit overexpression in lens epithelial cells.

Journal Article Mol Vis · January 16, 2007 PURPOSE: To determine whether the overexpression of the proteasome catalytic beta5 subunit (PSMB5) can induce the expression of the catalytic subunits beta1 and beta2, enhance proteasome activity, and exert a cytoprotective effect in lens epithelial cells. ... Link to item Cite

Genome-wide expression profile of human trabecular meshwork cultured cells, nonglaucomatous and primary open angle glaucoma tissue.

Journal Article Mol Vis · July 12, 2006 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To contrast genome-wide gene expression profiles of cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells to that of control and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) HTM tissues. METHODS: Cultured HTM cells, HTM tissue dissected from control donors, and HT ... Link to item Cite

Characterization of free-floating spheres from human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell culture in vitro.

Journal Article Exp Eye Res · June 2006 Featured Publication It has been observed in several tissues that direct isolation of cells in serum-free media and on nonadhesive substrates results in the formation of spherical clusters of cells known as free-floating spheres. Such free-floating spheres have been hypothesiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of IL-6 expression by mechanical stress in the trabecular meshwork.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · December 2, 2005 The trabecular meshwork (TM)/Schlemm's canal (SC) outflow pathway is the tissue responsible for maintaining normal levels of intraocular pressure. In the present study, we investigate the effects of mechanical stress on the expression of IL-6 in the TM mes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of TGF-beta1 in the trabecular meshwork under cyclic mechanical stress.

Journal Article J Cell Physiol · December 2005 Featured Publication The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the failure of the trabecular meshwork (TM) to maintain normal levels of aqueous outflow in glaucoma are not yet understood. Aberrant activation of the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) pathway has ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lentiviral mediated gene delivery to the anterior chamber of rodent eyes.

Journal Article Mol Vis · June 21, 2005 PURPOSE: To study the in vivo efficiency of lentiviral vectors in delivering genes to the trabecular meshwork (TM) of rodent eyes. METHODS: Lentiviral vectors were constructed using the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1alpha) promoter driving expression of t ... Link to item Cite

Cellular senescence in the glaucomatous outflow pathway.

Journal Article Exp Gerontol · 2005 Featured Publication The mechanisms responsible for the progressive malfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM)-Schlemm's canal (SC) conventional outflow pathway tissue in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are still not fully understood. To determine whether POAG is character ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specific targeting of gene expression to a subset of human trabecular meshwork cells using the chitinase 3-like 1 promoter.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · January 2005 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To compare the gene expression profile of trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) primary cultures and to identify promoters for targeting gene expression to specific cells in the outflow pathway. METHODS: The differential gene expressio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of donor age on proteasome activity and senescence in trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · October 22, 2004 The mechanisms involved in the progressive malfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM) in glaucoma are not yet understood. To study age-related changes in human TM cells, we isolated primary TM cell cultures from young (ages 9, 14, and 25) and old (ages 66 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression analysis of the matrix GLA protein and VE-cadherin gene promoters in the outflow pathway.

Journal Article Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · May 2004 PURPOSE: To test the ability of promoter fragments from the matrix Gla protein (MGP) and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) genes to target gene expression in a specific manner in the cells of the outflow pathway, by using adenoviral-mediated gene tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of mutant TIGR/myocilin expression in trabecular meshwork cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · April 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Proteasome inhibition by chronic oxidative stress in human trabecular meshwork cells.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · August 22, 2003 The pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to the malfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM)-Schlemm's canal (SC) outflow pathway in glaucoma are still unclear. We hypothesize that chronic oxidative stress may contribute to the malfunction of the outflow pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene expression profile in a novel cell type in primary cultures of human trabecular meshwork

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · May 1, 2003 Link to item Cite

Search for promoters to target gene expression in selected cells of the outflow pathway

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · May 1, 2003 Link to item Cite

Induction of cytokine release after mechanical stress in trabecular meshwork cells

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · May 1, 2003 Link to item Cite

Identification of a novel cell type in primary cultures of human trabecular meshwork

Conference INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE · May 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Clinical isolates of measles virus use CD46 as a cellular receptor.

Journal Article J Virol · May 2000 Laboratory strains of measles viruses (MV), such as Edmonston and Halle, use the complement regulatory protein CD46 as a cell surface receptor. The receptor usage of clinical isolates of MV, however, remains unclear. Receptor usage by primary patient isola ... Full text Link to item Cite