Scholars@Duke
Donald Paul Frush

Donald Paul Frush

Professor of Radiology
Radiology, Pediatric Radiology
donald.frush@duke.edu
Box 3808 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
1904 Childrens Hlth Ctr, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

The Journey and Relevant Influences for the 15-month Pathway Addressing the Pediatric Radiology Workforce Shortage.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · July 2025 The number of trainees pursuing pediatric radiology as a subspecialty is decreasing. Multiple formal and informal discussions have led to a variety of proposed solutions to address the workforce shortage in pediatric radiology. This article focuses on the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Photon-counting CT yields superior abdominopelvic image quality at lower radiation and iodinated contrast doses.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2025 BACKGROUND: Photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) has been shown to provide better image quality at lower radiation and intravenous contrast doses than energy-integrating detector (EID) CT in adult patients. There is limited data on these ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Imaging 2040.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2025 Full text Link to item Cite

AAPM Truth-based CT (TrueCT) reconstruction grand challenge.

Journal Article Med Phys · April 2025 BACKGROUND: This Special Report summarizes the 2022, AAPM grand challenge on Truth-based CT image reconstruction. PURPOSE: To provide an objective framework for evaluating CT reconstruction methods using virtual imaging resources consisting of a library of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Expert panel on monitoring radiation doses from recurrent medical diagnostic procedures: Sixth Gilbert W. Beebe Webinar.

Journal Article J Appl Clin Med Phys · April 2025 Recurrent imaging is an essential tool for patient care but with an attendant dose from radiation exposure. Recurrent imaging has been the subject of increasing scrutiny and debate based largely on the risk from increasing cumulative doses. However, the ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ranking the Relative Importance of Image Quality Features in CT by Consensus Survey.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2025 OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine consensus opinions from subspecialty radiologists and imaging physicists on the relative importance of image quality features in CT. METHODS: A prospective survey of subspecialty radiologists and medical physicists ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrent medical imaging exposures for the care of patients: one way forward.

Journal Article Eur Radiol · October 2024 Medical imaging is both valuable and essential in the care of patients. Much of this imaging depends on ionizing radiation with attendant responsibilities for judicious use when performing an examination. This responsibility applies in settings of both ind ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-institutional Protocol Guidance for Pediatric Photon-counting CT.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2024 Performing CT in children comes with unique challenges such as greater degrees of patient motion, smaller and densely packed anatomy, and potential risks of radiation exposure. The technical advancements of photon-counting detector (PCD) CT enable decrease ... Full text Link to item Cite

"Image Gently®" Includes "Image IntelliGentlyTM".

Journal Article Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · December 2023 Full text Cite

Proposed Priorities for Low-Dose Radiation Research and Their Relevance to the Practice of Radiology.

Journal Article Radiology · November 2023 Because ionizing radiation is widely used in medical imaging and in military, industry, and commercial applications, programmatic management and advancement in knowledge is needed, especially related to the health effects of low-dose radiation. The U.S. Co ... Full text Link to item Cite

An FDA Guide on Indications for Use and Device Reporting of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Devices: Significance for Pediatric Use.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · August 2023 Radiology has been a pioneer in adopting artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices into the clinic. However, initial clinical experience has identified concerns of inconsistent device performance across different patient populations. Medical devices, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Impact on Pediatric Patients, a White Paper From the ACR Pediatric AI Workgroup.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · August 2023 In this white paper, the ACR Pediatric AI Workgroup of the Commission on Informatics educates the radiology community about the health equity issue of the lack of pediatric artificial intelligence (AI), improves the understanding of relevant pediatric AI i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of Right Lower Quadrant Pain in Children and Adolescents: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2023 Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain is a common clinical presentation in children, and accurate clinical diagnosis remains challenging given that this nonspecific presentation is associated with numerous surgical and nonsurgical conditions. The broad different ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the different imaging modalities used to image pediatric oncology patients: A COG diagnostic imaging committee/SPR oncology committee white paper.

Journal Article Pediatr Blood Cancer · June 2023 Diagnostic imaging is essential in the diagnosis and management, including surveillance, of known or suspected cancer in children. The independent and combined roles of the various modalities, consisting of radiography, fluoroscopy, ultrasonography (US), c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Making CT Dose Monitoring Meaningful: Augmenting Dose with Imaging Quality.

Journal Article Tomography · April 7, 2023 Due to the concerns about radiation dose associated with medical imaging, radiation dose monitoring systems (RDMSs) are now utilized by many radiology providers to collect, process, analyze, and manage radiation dose-related information. Currently, most co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pediatric Applications of Photon-Counting Detector CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 2023 Photon-counting detector (PCD) CT represents the most recent generational advance in CT technology. PCD CT has the potential to reduce image noise, improve spatial resolution and contrast resolution, and provide multispectral capability, all of which may b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thyroid Nodules on Ultrasound in Children and Young Adults: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of Radiologists' Impressions, ACR TI-RADS, and a Deep Learning Algorithm.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2023 BACKGROUND. In current clinical practice, thyroid nodules in children are generally evaluated on the basis of radiologists' overall impressions of ultrasound images. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to compare the diagnostic performance of radiolo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Authors' Response.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Medical workforce in the United States.

Journal Article J Appl Clin Med Phys · December 2022 This section focuses on the professional workforce comprised of the primary medical specialties that utilize ionizing radiation in their practices. Those discussed include the specialties of radiology and radiation oncology, as well as the subspecialties o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Summary and conclusions, and abbreviations and acronyms.

Journal Article J Appl Clin Med Phys · December 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

The professional radiation workforce in the United States.

Journal Article J Appl Clin Med Phys · December 2022 Full text Link to item Cite

U.S. Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses for 10 Pediatric CT Examinations.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2022 Background Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) were developed for the 10 most commonly performed pediatric CT examinations in the United States using the American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry. Purpose To develop robust ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrapersonal and Institutional Influences On Overall Perception of Radiation Safety Among Radiologic Technologists.

Journal Article Radiol Technol · January 2022 PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine mean differences between intrapersonal and institutional variables and the overall perception of radiation safety (OPRS) among U.S. radiologic technologists. The study also sought to demonstrate the applicab ... Link to item Cite

Cardiovascular computed tomography in pediatric congenital heart disease: A state of the art review.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr · 2022 Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has increasingly been used in the assessment of both children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD), in part due to advances in CCT technology and an increased prevalence of adults with palliated CHD. It serves as ... Full text Link to item Cite

The cumulative radiation dose paradigm in pediatric imaging.

Journal Article Br J Radiol · October 1, 2021 Medical imaging professionals have an accountability for both quality and safety in the care of patients that have unexpected or anticipated repeated imaging examinations that use ionizing radiation. One measure in the safety realm for repeated imaging is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variability in image quality and radiation dose within and across 97 medical facilities.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · September 2021 Purpose: To characterize variability in image quality and radiation dose across a large cohort of computed tomography (CT) examinations and identify the scan factors with the highest influence on the observed variabilities. Approach: This retrospective ins ... Full text Link to item Cite

How to improve access to medical imaging in low- and middle-income countries ?

Journal Article EClinicalMedicine · August 2021 Imaging has become key in the care pathway of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Yet, there are major shortages of imaging equipment and workforce in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The International Society of Radiology outlines a plan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical concordance with Image Gently guidelines for pediatric computed tomography: a study across 663,417 CT scans at 53 clinical facilities.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2021 BACKGROUND: Managing patient radiation dose in pediatric computed tomography (CT) examinations is essential. Some organizations, most notably Image Gently, have suggested techniques to lower dose to pediatric patients and mitigate risk while maintaining im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation use in diagnostic imaging in children: approaching the value of the pediatric radiology community.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · April 2021 Medical imaging is foundational in the care of children, and much of the medical imaging province depends on ionizing radiation: radiography, fluoroscopy, CT and nuclear imaging. Many considerations for this imaging in children are distinct in the domains ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-based Performance Assessment for Pediatric Abdominal CT: An Automated Monitoring System Based on Lesion Detectability and Radiation Dose.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · February 2021 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: To deploy an automated tool for evaluating pediatric body computed tomography (CT) performance utilizing metrics of radiation dose and image quality for the task of liver lesion detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This IRB approved r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increasing the Utilization of Moderate Sedation Services for Pediatric Imaging.

Journal Article Radiographics · 2021 Performing motion-free imaging is frequently challenging in children. To bridge the gap between examinations performed in children who are awake and in those under general anesthesia, a moderate sedation program was implemented at our institution but was s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation in Pediatric Imaging: A Primer for Pediatricians.

Journal Article Pediatr Ann · September 1, 2020 Medical imaging in children makes up a considerable percentage of all imaging procedures performed in the United States. Although in recent years there has been a 15% to 20% reduction in the exposure to ionizing radiation from medical imaging in the US pop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient Exposure from Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Procedures in the United States: Procedure Volume and Effective Dose for the Period 2006-2016.

Journal Article Radiology · May 2020 Background Comprehensive assessments of the frequency and associated doses from radiologic and nuclear medicine procedures are rarely conducted. The use of these procedures and the population-based radiation dose increased remarkably from 1980 to 2006. Pur ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Value of Value.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · December 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Expanding the Concept of Diagnostic Reference Levels to Noise and Dose Reference Levels in CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 2019 OBJECTIVE. Diagnostic reference levels were developed as guidance for radiation dose in medical imaging and, by inference, diagnostic quality. The objective of this work was to expand the concept of diagnostic reference levels to explicitly include noise o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Simulation Paradigm for Evaluation of Subtle Liver Lesions at Pediatric CT: Performance and Confidence.

Journal Article Radiol Imaging Cancer · September 2019 PURPOSE: To create and validate a systematic observer performance platform for evaluation of simulated liver lesions at pediatric CT and to test this paradigm to measure the effect of radiation dose reduction on detection performance and reader confidence. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The ABZs of Pediatric CT.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Bone manifestations in neuronopathic Gaucher disease while receiving high-dose enzyme replacement therapy.

Journal Article Mol Genet Metab · February 2019 Avascular necrosis (AVN), one type of bone infarction, is a major irreversible complication of Gaucher disease (GD). In this report, two pediatric patients with GD type 3, homozygous for the L483P pathogenic variant (formerly L444P), developed AVN despite ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation Protection Responsibility in Medicine: A Wrap-up.

Journal Article Health Phys · February 2019 The 54th Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements was held at the Hyatt Regency Bethesda, Maryland, on 5-6 March 2018. This annual meeting, entitled "Radiation Protection Responsibility in Medicine," was the first to ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Novel Methodology for Automated Image Quality Assessment of Pediatric CT

Conference · November 25, 2018 PURPOSE To develop an effective and automated methodology for patient-specific image quality assessment of clinical pediatric body CT examinations. METHOD AND MATERIALS This IRB approved study evaluated 816 clinically performed (6/14-11/17), contrast-enh ... Cite

Beyond the DRL: Applying Automated Quality Metrics to Assess Pediatric CT Program Liver Lesion Detection Performance

Conference · November 25, 2018 PURPOSE To apply an automated program for evaluating pediatric body CT study quality which utilizes metrics of dose and image quality for optimization of liver lesion detection. METHOD AND MATERIALS With IRB approval, 880 clinical contrast-enhanced abdom ... Cite

Further evidence for the involvement of EFL1 in a Shwachman-Diamond-like syndrome and expansion of the phenotypic features.

Journal Article Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud · October 2018 Recent evidence has implicated EFL1 in a phenotype overlapping Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), with the functional interplay between EFL1 and the previously known causative gene SBDS accounting for the similarity in clinical features. Relatively little i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current utilization and procedural practices in pediatric whole-body MRI.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · August 2018 BACKGROUND: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an evolving and increasingly powerful imaging tool with a variety of applications in the pediatric patient population. Variability exists among radiology practices in how this MRI tool is used and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noncontrast Head CT in Children: National Variation in Radiation Dose Indices in the United States.

Journal Article AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · August 2018 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiologists should manage the radiation dose for pediatric patients to maintain reasonable diagnostic confidence. We assessed the variation in estimated radiation dose indices for pediatric noncontrast head CT in the United States. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Herman Grossman, MD, MS (1924-2018).

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · June 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Using the American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry to Evaluate Practice Patterns and Radiation Dose Estimates of Pediatric Body CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2018 OBJECTIVE: Imaging registries afford opportunities to study large, heterogeneous populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the American College of Radiology CT Dose Index Registry (DIR) for dose-related demographics and metrics of common pediat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently Have-A-Heart Campaign.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroimaging findings in infantile Pompe patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy.

Journal Article Mol Genet Metab · February 2018 BACKGROUND: Recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has prolonged survival in infantile Pompe disease (IPD), but has unmasked central nervous system (CNS) changes. METHODS: Brain imaging, consisting of computed tomogra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose management for pediatric cardiac computed tomography: a report from the Image Gently 'Have-A-Heart' campaign.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2018 Children with congenital or acquired heart disease can be exposed to relatively high lifetime cumulative doses of ionizing radiation from necessary medical imaging procedures including radiography, fluoroscopic procedures including diagnostic and intervent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Informed use of medical radiation in diagnostic imaging

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Examinations that use medical ionizing radiation consisting of radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and nuclear imaging are essential tools in healthcare. This recognition however is accompanied by the risks of radiation which at doses very much ... Full text Cite

Pediatric Radiology continuing medical education activity

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · January 2018 Full text Cite

Radiation risk index for pediatric CT: a patient-derived metric.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · December 2017 BACKGROUND: There is a benefit in characterizing radiation-induced cancer risk in pediatric chest and abdominopelvic CT: a singular metric that represents the whole-body radiation burden while also accounting for age, gender and organ sensitivity. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Chest CT Diagnostic Reference Ranges: Development and Application.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2017 Purpose To determine diagnostic reference ranges on the basis of the size of a pediatric patient's chest and to develop a method to estimate computed tomographic (CT) scanner-specific mean size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) as a function of patient size ... Full text Link to item Cite

Children, medical radiation and the environment: An important dialogue.

Journal Article Environ Res · July 2017 There are unique considerations in the medical care of children, which includes the use of medical imaging. Medical imaging is frequently necessary and is essential in diagnosis and management of children with illness and injury. Much of medical imaging re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation Safety in Children With Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease: A Scientific Position Statement on Multimodality Dose Optimization From the Image Gently Alliance.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · July 2017 There is a need for consensus recommendations for ionizing radiation dose optimization during multimodality medical imaging in children with congenital and acquired heart disease (CAHD). These children often have complex diseases and may be exposed to a re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Size-based quality-informed framework for quantitative optimization of pediatric CT.

Journal Article J Med Imaging (Bellingham) · July 2017 The purpose of this study was to formulate a systematic, evidence-based method to relate quantitative diagnostic performance to radiation dose, enabling a multidimensional system to optimize computed tomography imaging across pediatric populations. Based o ... Full text Link to item Cite

From DRL to NRL: A First Step Toward Quality-Based Reference Level

Conference Medical Physics · June 30, 2017 Purpose: Radiologic procedures are optimized based on a benefit-to-risk. However, risk has been the primary focus of radiology optimization and dose monitoring. Such programs are typically based on the concept of Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL). The term ... Cite

Image Gently: Getting It Right.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · April 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation, Risks, and … a Rational Approach in Diagnostic Imaging: What the Radiology Team Should Know

Journal Article Journal of Radiology Nursing · March 1, 2017 Medical imaging that uses ionizing radiation is extremely valuable in patient care at all ages. However, because radiation is used, patients, parents, and other caregivers may have questions and even concerns about the possibility of risk, especially as th ... Full text Cite

Meeting the Needs for Radiation Protection: Diagnostic Imaging.

Journal Article Health Phys · February 2017 Radiation and potential risk during medical imaging is one of the foremost issues for the imaging community. Because of this, there are growing demands for accountability, including appropriate use of ionizing radiation in diagnostic and image-guided proce ... Full text Link to item Cite

[Angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia: case report].

Journal Article Arch Argent Pediatr · February 1, 2017 We describe a rare and sporadic condition, characterized by swan neck deformity in hands, hip osteoarthritis in adulthood and malformations of the middle phalanges with an angel shape. The patient is a 4 year old boy who suffered hand trauma and on x-ray e ... Full text Link to item Cite

An Introduction to Radiation Sensibilities.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2017 Full text Link to item Cite

Unintended and accidental medical radiation exposures in radiology: guidelines on investigation and prevention.

Journal Article J Radiol Prot · January 2017 This paper sets out guidelines for managing radiation exposure incidents involving patients in diagnostic and interventional radiology. The work is based on collation of experiences from representatives of international and national organizations for radio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and imaging considerations in primary immunodeficiency disorders: an update.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · November 2016 Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of genetically determined disorders with diverse presentations. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical and brief description of a select number of these diseases and to discuss the important role the rad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Counterpoint: Image Gently: Should It End or Endure?

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · October 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Response

Journal Article Radiology · July 1, 2016 Full text Cite

Response.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2016 Link to item Cite

Who Gets to Decide? Response

Journal Article RADIOLOGY · February 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Effects of automatic tube potential selection on radiation dose index, image quality, and lesion detectability in pediatric abdominopelvic CT and CTA: a phantom study.

Journal Article Eur Radiol · January 2016 OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of automatic tube potential selection (ATPS) on radiation dose, image quality, and lesion detectability in paediatric abdominopelvic CT and CT angiography (CTA). METHODS: A paediatric modular phantom with contrast inserts w ... Full text Link to item Cite

The development of a population of 4D pediatric XCAT phantoms for imaging research and optimization.

Journal Article Med Phys · August 2015 PURPOSE: We previously developed a set of highly detailed 4D reference pediatric extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantoms at ages of newborn, 1, 5, 10, and 15 yr with organ and tissue masses matched to ICRP Publication 89 values. In this work, we extended th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of using the computed tomography dose indices to estimate radiation dose to partially and fully irradiated brains in pediatric neuroradiology examinations.

Journal Article Phys Med Biol · July 21, 2015 The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to measure the dose to the brain using clinical protocols at our institution, and (b) to develop a scanner-independent dosimetry method to estimate brain dose. Radiation dose was measured with a pediatric anthrop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated Technique to Measure Noise in Clinical CT Examinations.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · July 2015 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an automated method to measure noise in clinical CT examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An automated algorithm was developed to measure noise in CT images. To assess its validity, the global ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prospective estimation of organ dose in CT under tube current modulation.

Journal Article Med Phys · April 2015 PURPOSE: Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used worldwide as a tool for medical diagnosis and imaging. However, despite its significant clinical benefits, CT radiation dose at the population level has become a subject of public attention and concern ... Full text Link to item Cite

Practice and quality improvement: successful implementation of TeamSTEPPS tools into an academic interventional ultrasound practice.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2015 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to implement an evidence-based teamwork system to improve communication and teamwork skills among health care professionals (TeamSTEPPS) into an academic interventional ultrasound program and to assess safety and team- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Organ localization: toward prospective patient-specific organ dosimetry in computed tomography.

Journal Article Med Phys · December 2014 PURPOSE: With increased focus on radiation dose from medical imaging, prospective radiation dose estimates are becoming increasingly desired. Using available populations of adult and pediatric patient phantoms, radiation dose calculations can be catalogued ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overview of CT technologies for children.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · October 2014 Many technical advances in CT have reduced radiation exposure in children and adults. These advances in technology should be used in conjunction with CT techniques such as appropriate patient preparation and intravenous contrast media administration to max ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deciding why and when to use CT in children: a radiologist's perspective.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · October 2014 Defining what is appropriate or inappropriate with respect to CT scanning is challenging. There are a variety of influences on scan utilization in children, some more widely recognized and acknowledged than others. It is important to understand the contrib ... Full text Link to item Cite

Medical imaging safety in the developing world

Chapter · October 1, 2014 Attention to matters of safety is important in any imaging facility. In the context of the developing world, limited resources may complicate the attempt to set up and operate an imaging facility with the highest standards of safety, but it is nonetheless ... Full text Cite

Cumulative radiation exposure and cancer risk estimation in children with heart disease.

Journal Article Circulation · July 8, 2014 BACKGROUND: Children with heart disease are frequently exposed to imaging examinations that use ionizing radiation. Although radiation exposure is potentially carcinogenic, there are limited data on cumulative exposure and the associated cancer risk. We ev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Whats and whys with neonatal CT.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2014 Full text Link to item Cite

Practice patterns for the use of iodinated i.v. contrast media for pediatric CT studies: a survey of the Society for Pediatric Radiology.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 2014 OBJECTIVE: There are limited data available on the use of i.v. contrast media for CT studies in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to determine the practice patterns of i.v. contrast media usage for pediatric CT by members of the Societ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Content and style of radiation risk communication for pediatric patients.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · March 2014 The diagnostic benefits of medical imaging, including CT, must be weighed against the risks of ionizing radiation and communicated effectively to patients. Health care providers requesting and performing these examinations have a shared responsibility for ... Full text Link to item Cite

A set of 4D pediatric XCAT reference phantoms for multimodality research.

Journal Article Med Phys · March 2014 PURPOSE: The authors previously developed an adult population of 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantoms for multimodality imaging research. In this work, the authors develop a reference set of 4D pediatric XCAT phantoms consisting of male and female ana ... Full text Link to item Cite

Curbing potential radiation-induced cancer risks in oncologic imaging: perspectives from the 'image gently' and 'image wisely' campaigns.

Journal Article Oncology (Williston Park) · March 2014 Medical imaging that uses ionizing radiation, such as CT, radiography, nuclear medicine, and fluoroscopy, is a cornerstone of the care of oncology patients and provides great benefit. Ionizing radiation at high doses is a known carcinogen.The exact degree ... Link to item Cite

Pediatric chest and abdominopelvic CT: organ dose estimation based on 42 patient models.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2014 PURPOSE: To estimate organ dose from pediatric chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations and evaluate the dependency of organ dose coefficients on patient size and CT scanner models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review boar ... Full text Link to item Cite

The development of a population of 4D pediatric XCAT phantoms for CT imaging research and optimization

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2014 With The increased use of CT examinations, The associated radiation dose has become a large concern, especially for pediatrics. Much research has focused on reducing radiation dose Through new scanning and reconstruction methods. Computational phantoms pro ... Full text Cite

Prospective optimization of CT under Tube current modulation: I. organ dose

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2014 In an environment in which computed Tomography (CT) has become an indispensable diagnostic Tool employed with great frequency, dose concerns at The population level have become a subject of public attention. In That regard, optimizing radiation dose has be ... Full text Cite

Prospective optimization of CT under tube current modulation: II. image quality

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2014 Despite the significant clinical benefits of computed tomography (CT) in providing diagnostic information for a broad range of diseases, concerns have been raised regarding the potential cancer risk induced by CT radiation exposure. In that regard, optimiz ... Full text Cite

Curbing potential radiation-induced cancer risks in oncologic imaging: perspectives from the 'image gently' and 'image wisely' campaigns.

Journal Article Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) · January 1, 2014 Medical imaging that uses ionizing radiation, such as CT, radiography, nuclear medicine, and fluoroscopy, is a cornerstone of the care of oncology patients and provides great benefit. Ionizing radiation at high doses is a known carcinogen.The exact degree ... Cite

Monitoring of medical radiation exposure for individuals

Chapter · January 1, 2014 Radiation exposure and the potential risks from medical imaging continue to be highly visible issues, especially for the medical imaging community. There has been progress with dose management, particularly dose reduction, due to both technical and applica ... Full text Cite

Applications of justification and optimization in medical imaging: examples of clinical guidance for computed tomography use in emergency medicine.

Journal Article Ann Emerg Med · January 2014 Availability, reliability, and technical improvements have led to continued expansion of computed tomography (CT) imaging. During a CT scan, there is substantially more exposure to ionizing radiation than with conventional radiography. This has led to ques ... Full text Link to item Cite

Applications of justification and optimization in medical imaging: examples of clinical guidance for computed tomography use in emergency medicine.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · January 2014 Availability, reliability, and technical improvements have led to continued expansion of computed tomography (CT) imaging. During a CT scan, there is substantially more exposure to ionizing radiation than with conventional radiography. This has led to ques ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dose coefficients in pediatric and adult abdominopelvic CT based on 100 patient models.

Journal Article Phys Med Biol · December 21, 2013 Recent studies have shown the feasibility of estimating patient dose from a CT exam using CTDI(vol)-normalized-organ dose (denoted as h), DLP-normalized-effective dose (denoted as k), and DLP-normalized-risk index (denoted as q). However, previous studies ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation protection and dose monitoring in medical imaging: a journey from awareness, through accountability, ability and action…but where will we arrive?

Journal Article J Patient Saf · December 2013 Radiation awareness and protection of patients have been the fundamental responsibilities in diagnostic imaging since the discovery of x-rays late in 1895 and the first reports of radiation injury in 1896. In the ensuing years, there have been significant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimation of radiation exposure for brain perfusion CT: standard protocol compared with deviations in protocol.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the organ doses and estimate the effective dose for the standard brain perfusion CT protocol and erroneous protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anthropomorphic phantom with metal oxide semiconductor field ... Full text Link to item Cite

ABR examinations: the why, what, and how.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · October 1, 2013 The American Board of Radiology (ABR) has provided certification for diagnostic radiologists and other specialists and subspecialists for more than 75 years. The Board certification process is a tangible expression of the social contract between the profes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of radiation dose estimates, image noise, and scan duration in pediatric body imaging for volumetric and helical modes on 320-detector CT and helical mode on 64-detector CT.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2013 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Advanced multidetector CT systems facilitate volumetric image acquisition, which offers theoretic dose savings over helical acquisition with shorter scan times. OBJECTIVE: Compare effective dose (ED), scan duration and image noise using 320- an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of radiation dose estimates and scan performance in pediatric high-resolution thoracic CT for volumetric 320-detector row, helical 64-detector row, and noncontiguous axial scan acquisitions.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · September 2013 Featured Publication RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Efforts to decrease radiation exposure during pediatric high-resolution thoracic computed tomography (HRCT), while maintaining diagnostic image quality, are imperative. The objective of this investigation was to compare organ dose ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of conventional and simulated reduced-tube current MDCT for evaluation of suspected appendicitis in the pediatric population.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2013 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare CT with conventional and simulated reduced-tube current in the evaluation for acute appendicitis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Validated noise-addition (tube current-reduction) software was used to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic reference ranges for pediatric abdominal CT.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2013 Featured Publication PURPOSE: To develop diagnostic reference ranges (DRRs) and a method for an individual practice to calculate site-specific reference doses for computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen or abdomen and pelvis in children on the basis of body width (BW). ... Full text Link to item Cite

ABR examinations: the why, what, and how.

Journal Article Radiology · July 2013 The American Board of Radiology (ABR) has provided certification for diagnostic radiologists and other specialists and subspecialists for more than 75 years. The Board certification process is a tangible expression of the social contract between the profes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simulation of anatomical texture in voxelized XCAT phantoms

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · June 3, 2013 While great advances are made toward making highly realistic, surface models of the human anatomy, very little has been done to fill these bounded surfaces with models of anatomical texture. We propose a method whereby realistic anatomically-based computed ... Full text Cite

Compendium of resources for radiation safety in medical imaging using ionizing radiation.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · May 2013 Featured Publication PURPOSE: Diagnostic imaging, including ionizing radiation modalities, maintains a prominent role in the medical evaluation of patients. There is increasing awareness and need for information across varied sectors about low-level radiation and potential ris ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply: To PMID 22915409.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2013 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

ICRP publication 121: radiological protection in paediatric diagnostic and interventional radiology.

Journal Article Ann ICRP · April 2013 Paediatric patients have a higher average risk of developing cancer compared with adults receiving the same dose. The longer life expectancy in children allows more time for any harmful effects of radiation to manifest, and developing organs and tissues ar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Basilar artery aneurysm: a new finding in classic infantile Pompe disease.

Journal Article Muscle Nerve · April 2013 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Population of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research and optimization.

Journal Article Med Phys · April 2013 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The authors previously developed the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom for multimodality imaging research. The XCAT consisted of highly detailed whole-body models for the standard male and female adult, including the cardiac and respiratory ... Full text Link to item Cite

TU‐C‐103‐07: Prospective Estimation of Diagnostic Performance and Radiation Dose for Individual CT Scans

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2013 Purpose: Te prespectively determine size‐and task‐based image quality indices and te quantify the relatienship between image quality and radiatien dese as a patient‐specific basis fer abdeminepelvic CT scans. Methods: Medel ebserver metric ef detectability ... Full text Cite

SU‐D‐103‐06: Bismuth Shield Usage in MDCT Thoracic Scans: Organ Dose Vs. Image Quality

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2013 Purpose: To study Bismuth (Bi) shielding for the breast, organ dose and image quality were compared under the following conditions: (1) tube current modulation (TCM), (2) TCM with a Bi shield placed after topogram, and (3) manually reduced tube current (RT ... Full text Cite

Riesgos de la radiación imaginológica en niños

Journal Article Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes · January 1, 2013 Full text Cite

Radiation risks to children from medical imaging

Journal Article Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes · January 1, 2013 Full text Cite

An amazing accomplishment--CT manufacturers deserve our thanks.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2013 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

CT scans in childhood and risk of leukaemia and brain tumours.

Journal Article Lancet · November 17, 2012 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose estimation for prospective and retrospective ECG-gated cardiac CT angiography in infants and small children using a 320-MDCT volume scanner.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · November 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine patient dose estimates for clinical pediatric cardiac-gated CT angiography (CTA) protocols on a 320-MDCT volume scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Organ doses were measured using 20 metal oxide semiconducto ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of protocol and obesity on dose conversion factors in adult body CT.

Journal Article Med Phys · November 2012 Featured Publication PURPOSE: In computed tomography (CT), organ dose, effective dose, and risk index can be estimated from volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDI(vol)) or dose-length product (DLP) using conversion coefficients. Studies have investigated how these coefficients va ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated size-specific CT dose monitoring program: assessing variability in CT dose.

Journal Article Med Phys · November 2012 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The potential health risks associated with low levels of ionizing radiation have created a movement in the radiology community to optimize computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols to use the lowest radiation dose possible without compromising th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient radiation exposure tracking: worldwide programs and needs--results from the first IAEA survey.

Journal Article Eur J Radiol · October 2012 The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of patient radiation exposure tracking internationally, gauge interest and develop recommendations for implementation. A survey questionnaire was distributed to representatives of countries to obta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Should we obtain informed consent for examinations that expose patients to radiation?

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2012 OBJECTIVE: Concern about the radiation-related risks associated with medical imaging is currently a hot topic in both the scientific and lay press as well as gaining a growing awareness from regulatory and legislative organizations. As a result, there is a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose estimations to the thorax using organ-based dose modulation.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · July 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiation dose distribution and image quality for organ-based dose modulation during adult thoracic MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Organ doses were measured using an anthropomorphic adult female phantom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Series of 4D adult XCAT phantoms for imaging research and dosimetry

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · May 4, 2012 Computerized phantoms are finding an increasingly important role in medical imaging research. With the ability to simulate various imaging conditions, they offer a practical means with which to quantitatively evaluate and improve imaging devices and techni ... Full text Cite

Patient- and cohort-specific dose and risk estimation for abdominopelvic CT: A study based on 100 patients

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · May 4, 2012 The purpose of this work was twofold: (a) to estimate patient- and cohort-specific radiation dose and cancer risk index for abdominopelvic computer tomography (CT) scans; (b) to evaluate the effects of patient anatomical characteristics (size, age, and gen ... Full text Cite

Our responsibility for medical radiation dose determinations.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · April 2012 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric radiology: Case 1

Chapter · January 19, 2012 Cite

Pediatric radiology: Case 4

Chapter · January 19, 2012 Cite

Pediatric radiology: Case 14

Chapter · January 19, 2012 Cite

Pediatric radiology: Case 3

Chapter · January 19, 2012 Cite

Pediatric radiology: Case 11

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Pediatric radiology: Case 8

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Pediatric radiology: Case 22

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Pediatric radiology: Case 21

Chapter · January 19, 2012 Cite

Evaluation of pediatric skull fracture imaging techniques.

Journal Article Forensic Sci Int · January 10, 2012 Featured Publication Radiologic imaging is crucial in the diagnosis of skull fracture, but there is some doubt as to whether different imaging modalities can accurately identify fractures present on a human skull. While studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiological protection in paediatric computed tomography.

Journal Article Ann ICRP · 2012 It is well known that paediatric patients are generally at greater risk for the development of cancer per unit of radiation dose compared with adults, due both to the longer life expectancy for any harmful effects of radiation to manifest, and the fact tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Compendium of national guidelines for imaging of the pediatric patient.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging plays an integral role in diagnosing and managing many pediatric disorders, but there is growing concern in both the medical community and the general public about the long-term health effects of ionizing radiation in childre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Compendium of national guidelines for imaging the pregnant patient.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 2011 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Diagnostic imaging performed during pregnancy, particularly if it involves the use of ionizing radiation, can be a source of great anxiety for both health care providers and patients. Especially with the growing public awareness of the increasin ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of CT in professionalism: accreditation, certification and the welfare of our children.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2011 Defining, measuring and promoting professionalism in medicine, including radiology, has been increasingly emphasized by organizations such as ACGME, the ACR and ABR. It is clear that we as imaging experts have as an ultimate responsibility the welfare of o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently: progress and challenges in CT education and advocacy.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2011 Featured Publication Significant progress has been made in radiation protection for children during the last 10 years. This includes increased awareness of the need for radiation protection for pediatric patients with international partnerships through the Alliance for Radiati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Justification and optimization of CT in children: how are we performing?

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2011 Featured Publication It has been 10 years since the original pediatric CT ALARA conference in 2001, so it is fitting that we look back at our progress. The following material will look at how we might quantify our performance regarding the justification and optimization of rad ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT dose and risk estimates in children.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2011 Featured Publication Pediatric CT radiation dose and risk assessment are important but challenging, especially given inherent uncertainties. It is still necessary for those involved in medical imaging of children to have an understanding of the extent of existing knowledge for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient exposure tracking: the IAEA smart card project.

Journal Article Radiat Prot Dosimetry · September 2011 The existing approach of radiation protection is largely based on the collective dose to the population with provisions for protection at an individual level through justification and optimisation. With the individual patient dose now exceeding the life-lo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Approaches to promotion and implementation of action on Radiation Protection for children.

Journal Article Radiat Prot Dosimetry · September 2011 Featured Publication The Radiation Protection in Medicine conference, reviewed in this journal supplement, outlined nine strategies to promote radiation protection for patients. The Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging has focused its work on three of those areas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation, thoracic imaging, and children: radiation safety.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · September 2011 The chest is the most frequently evaluated region of the body in children. The majority of thoracic diagnostic imaging, namely "conventional" radiography (film screen, computed radiography and direct/digital radiography), fluoroscopy and angiography, and c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest CT.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2011 PURPOSE: To estimate patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate factors affecting dose and risk, including patient size, patient age, and scanning parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary CT angiography to evaluate for pulmonary embolism in children visiting adult-centered community hospitals.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2011 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine the rate of pulmonary embolism (PE) on pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) in children and adolescents visiting adult-centered community hospitals. We also investigated alternative diagnoses that may accoun ... Full text Link to item Cite

The feasibility of universal DLP-to-risk conversion coefficients for body CT protocols

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · May 13, 2011 The effective dose associated with computed tomography (CT) examinations is often estimated from dose-length product (DLP) using scanner-independent conversion coefficients. Such conversion coefficients are available for a small number of examinations, eac ... Full text Cite

Lung nodule detection in pediatric chest CT: quantitative relationship between image quality and radiologist performance.

Journal Article Med Phys · May 2011 PURPOSE: To determine the quantitative relationship between image quality and radiologist performance in detecting small lung nodules in pediatric CT. METHODS: The study included clinical chest CT images of 30 pediatric patients (0-16 years) scanned at tub ... Full text Link to item Cite

How many strikes does it take till we are out?

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2011 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently: Partnerships to promote radiation protection for children worldwide

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · May 1, 2011 Featured Publication Full text Cite

Low dose computerized tomography for detection of urolithiasis--its effectiveness in the setting of the urology clinic.

Journal Article J Urol · March 2011 Featured Publication PURPOSE: Low dose noncontrast computerized tomography is becoming a common imaging tool to diagnose urolithiasis. We investigated its usefulness as a diagnostic tool in the outpatient setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 62 patients with suspected ur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Managing radiation use in medical imaging: a multifaceted challenge.

Journal Article Radiology · March 2011 Featured Publication This special report aims to inform the medical community about the many challenges involved in managing radiation exposure in a way that maximizes the benefit-risk ratio. The report discusses the state of current knowledge and key questions in regard to so ... Full text Link to item Cite

TH‐A‐214‐03: Automated Patient‐Specific CT Dose Monitoring System: Assessing Variability in CT Dose

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2011 Purpose: To develop an automated patient‐specific radiation dose monitoring system for CT capable of assessing variability in CT dose delivered to individual patients. Methods: CT image data were sent from PACS to a secure dosimetry server. The dose report ... Full text Cite

SU‐E‐I‐24: Pediatric CT Effective Dose ‐ A Comparison Between the MOSFET Method and the DLP Method

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2011 Purpose: The effective doses (ED) were compared between the MOSFET method and the DLP method for a variety of clinical CT scans. Methods: Two CT scanners (Manufacturer A and B) were used in this study. Organ doses were measured with MOSFET detectors. Twent ... Full text Cite

Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part II. Application to patients.

Journal Article Med Phys · January 2011 PURPOSE: Current methods for estimating and reporting radiation dose from CT examinations are largely patient-generic; the body size and hence dose variation from patient to patient is not reflected. Furthermore, the current protocol designs rely on dose a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part I. development and validation of a Monte Carlo program.

Journal Article Med Phys · January 2011 PURPOSE: Radiation-dose awareness and optimization in CT can greatly benefit from a dose-reporting system that provides dose and risk estimates specific to each patient and each CT examination. As the first step toward patient-specific dose and risk estima ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation risk from medical imaging in children

Journal Article · December 1, 2010 Key Points: □ Medical radiation currently accounts for an increasing percentage (approximately 50%) of the total radiation exposure for the US population (previously about 15%) (moderate evidence). □ Children are 2-5 (some cite up to 10) times more sensiti ... Full text Cite

Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in pediatric chest CT: A study in 30 patients

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · December 1, 2010 Radiation-dose awareness and optimization in CT can greatly benefit from a dose- reporting system that provides radiation dose and cancer risk estimates specific to each patient and each CT examination. Recently, we reported a method for estimating patient ... Full text Cite

Pediatric Head Contours and Inertial Properties for ATD Design

Conference SAE Technical Papers · November 3, 2010 Child head trauma in the United States is responsible for 30% of all childhood injury deaths with costs estimated at $10 billion per year. The common tools for studying this problem are the child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The headform sizes and ... Full text Cite

Pediatric head contours and inertial properties for ATD design.

Journal Article Stapp Car Crash J · November 2010 Child head trauma in the United States is responsible for 30% of all childhood injury deaths with costs estimated at $10 billion per year. The common tools for studying this problem are the child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The headform sizes and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tracking radiation exposure of patients.

Journal Article Lancet · September 4, 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of radiochromic film dosimetry protocol for volumetric dose assessments to various organs during diagnostic CT procedures.

Journal Article Med Phys · September 2010 PURPOSE: The authors present a means to measure high-resolution, two-dimensional organ dose distributions in an anthropomorphic phantom of heterogeneous tissue composition using XRQA radiochromic film. Dose distributions are presented for the lungs, liver, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations presenting as mass lesions in children: spectrum of imaging findings.

Journal Article Diagn Interv Radiol · June 2010 Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are a heterogeneous but interrelated group of abnormalities that may contain more than one histologic feature. Familiarity with the presentation and imaging features of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations presentin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimation of computed tomography dose index in cone beam computed tomography: MOSFET measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal Article Health Phys · May 2010 To address the lack of accurate dose estimation method in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), we performed point dose metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. A Varian On-Board Imager (OBI) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimation of absorbed doses from paediatric cone-beam CT scans: MOSFET measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal Article Radiat Prot Dosimetry · March 2010 The purpose of this study was to establish a dose estimation tool with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. A 5-y-old paediatric anthropomorphic phantom was computed tomography (CT) scanned to create a voxelised phantom and used as an input for the abdominal cone ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently: providing practical educational tools and advocacy to accelerate radiation protection for children worldwide.

Journal Article Semin Ultrasound CT MR · February 2010 The Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging is an organization of over 45 international professional societies and agencies with the goal of promoting radiation safety for children. The Alliance, through the Image Gently campaign, uses social ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation protection in children undergoing medical imaging

Chapter · January 1, 2010 Introduction The discovery of the X-ray was one of the most significant advances in medicine. Use of X-ray modalities in medical care, including radiography, fluoroscopy and angiography, and computed tomography, account for the vast majority of diagnostic ... Full text Cite

MO‐E‐204B‐05: A Novel Organ Dosimetry in an Anthropomorphic Phantom Using XRQA‐2 Radiochromic Film

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2010 Purpose: A novel method to measure organ dose distributions in a phantom of heterogeneous tissue composition was established using radiochromic XRQA‐2 films. Film response accuracy was validated using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Method and Materia ... Full text Cite

SU‐GG‐I‐56: Testes and Uterine Dose Measurements from Scout View in Lumbar Puncture Procedure and Regular Pelvic CT Scan

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the dose to testes and uterus from the scout views of lumbar puncture procedure and during a routine pelvic CT scan. Materials and methods: Five high sensitivity MOSFETs (TN‐1002RD, Best Medical, Canada) we ... Full text Cite

Double aortic arch with aortic atresia and left-sided type B interruption.

Journal Article Congenit Heart Dis · 2010 Aortic valve atresia with interruption of the aortic arch is an extremely rare anomaly; only eleven cases of this anomaly have been reported to date. In the absence of additional sources of blood flow to the ascending aorta, aortic valve atresia with inter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose from cone beam CT in a pediatric phantom: risk estimation of cancer incidence.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2010 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to measure absorbed doses and calculate effective dose (ED) from cone beam CT (CBCT) with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors in an anthropomorphic phantom and to estimate the risk ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abdomen

Journal Article · December 1, 2009 Clinical expression of abdominal surgical problems in children comprises a spectrum of symptoms, many of them shared by different diseases. Consequently, a complete and well-oriented medical history and physical examination are the main tools for establish ... Full text Cite

Enhancing pediatric safety: assessing and improving resident competency in life-threatening events with a computer-based interactive resuscitation tool.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · July 2009 BACKGROUND: Though rare, allergic reactions occur as a result of administration of low osmolality nonionic iodinated contrast material to pediatric patients. Currently available resuscitation aids are inadequate in guiding radiologists' initial management ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric MDCT: towards assessing the diagnostic influence of dose reduction on the detection of small lung nodules.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · July 2009 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced tube current (dose) on lung nodule detection in pediatric multidetector array computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included normal clinical ch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient specific computerized phantoms to estimate dose in pediatric CT

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · June 16, 2009 We create a series of detailed computerized phantoms to estimate patient organ and effective dose in pediatric CT and investigate techniques for efficiently creating patient-specific phantoms based on imaging data. The initial anatomy of each phantom was p ... Full text Cite

Patient-specific dose estimation for pediatric abdomen-pelvisCT

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · June 15, 2009 The purpose of this study is to develop a method for estimating patient-specific dose from abdomen-pelvis CT examinations and to investigate dose variation across patients in the same weight group. Our study consisted of seven pediatric patients in the sam ... Full text Cite

Pediatric CT and radiation: Our responsibility

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · June 15, 2009 Full text Cite

Radiation safety.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · June 2009 Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multidetector array CT.

Journal Article Br J Radiol · May 2009 The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a technique for three-dimensional (3D) modelling of small lung nodules on paediatric multidetector array computed tomography (MDCT) images. Clinical images were selected from 21 patients (<18 years old) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of acute appendicitis in children: EU versus U.S. ... or US versus CT? A North American perspective.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2009 The timing, type, and technique of imaging evaluation of suspected appendicitis in children are all debated. This debate is both local and international. The fact is that choices in imaging evaluation will depend on both local and national influences, whic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently Vendor Summit: working together for better estimates of pediatric radiation dose from CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2009 OBJECTIVE: Medical physicists currently use two standardized phantoms to estimate CT patient radiation dose. This "one-size-fits-all" adult model results in underestimates of displayed pediatric CT radiation dose on the console of current CT scanners. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Journal Article American Journal of Roentgenology · March 1, 2009 Full text Cite

SU‐FF‐I‐56: Radiation Dose Estimation From Pediatric Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2009 Purpose: To estimate absorbed doses and effective dose (ED) from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors in an anthropomorphic phantom, and to estimate the risk of cancer incidence from ... Full text Cite

TU‐C‐304A‐05: Dose Reductions of Bismuth Shields in Diagnostic Radiology: Measurements and Monte Carlo Simulations

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2009 Purpose: To assess the dosimetric characteristics of bismuth breast shields for a CT beam with ion chamber measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Method and Materials: Primary attenuation and backscatter effects of both adult and pediatric bismuth super ... Full text Cite

CT with a computer-simulated dose reduction technique for detection of pediatric nephroureterolithiasis: comparison of standard and reduced radiation doses.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2009 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic capabilities of standard- and reduced-dose CT in the detection of nephroureterolithiasis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients 20 years old or younger divided into two gro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dosimetric characterisation of bismuth shields in CT: measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal Article Radiat Prot Dosimetry · January 2009 Although bismuth shields are frequently used in radiology to reduce radiation dose, its mechanism has not been fully investigated. Dosimetric characteristics of bismuth shields in computed tomography (CT) were assessed with ion chamber and Monte Carlo (MC) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation bio effects and dose reduction strategies

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Radiation is ubiquitous. It comes from many sources, including cosmic radiation as well as radon exposure. This natural or background exposure is the largest single source of radiation to the world's population. Radiation is also a necessary component of d ... Full text Cite

Thoracic disorders

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 The thorax is the most common region to undergo imaging evaluation in children. While a chest radiograph (or chest X-ray) is the most frequently performed procedure, computed tomography (CT), ultra sonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging also p ... Full text Cite

MDCT in children: Scan techniques and contrast issues

Journal Article · December 1, 2008 Computed tomography (CT) is an essential imaging modality in the evaluation of infants and children [1]. Technical advances, especially with multidetector-array CT (MDCT) have provided increased opportunities for established uses as well as for new applica ... Full text Cite

Patient-specific dose estimation for pediatric chest CT.

Journal Article Med Phys · December 2008 Current methods for organ and effective dose estimations in pediatric CT are largely patient generic. Physical phantoms and computer models have only been developed for standard/limited patient sizes at discrete ages (e.g., 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 years old) and d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Image Gently(SM): a national education and communication campaign in radiology using the science of social marketing.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · December 2008 Communication campaigns are an accepted method for altering societal attitudes, increasing knowledge, and achieving social and behavioral change particularly within public health and the social sciences. The Image Gently(SM) campaign is a national educatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

The radiology perspective: needs and tools for management of life-threatening events.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · November 2008 Studies have shown that life-threatening contrast agent reactions in adults are very rare, and even less common in children. The rarity of severe allergic reactions to contrast material challenges educators to achieve radiology resident competency in this ... Full text Link to item Cite

'Sleeping with the enemy?' Expectations and reality in imaging children in the emergency setting.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · November 2008 As an introduction to the ALARA conference titled "Building Bridges between Radiology and Emergency Medicine: Consensus Conference on Imaging Safety and Quality for Children in the Emergency Setting," it is important for us to understand the landscapes of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric dose reduction in computed tomography.

Journal Article Health Phys · November 2008 An appropriate balance between risk (radiation dose) and benefit (based on image quality) for computed tomography (CT) in children is essential. This balance comes through an understanding of CT dose, why we do pediatric CT, and how we do pediatric CT. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Welcome

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · November 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the role of imaging.

Journal Article Radiology · August 2008 The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of children afflicted with many potentially fatal malignant and nonmalignant diseases is well recognized. Although outcomes continue to improve and the utility of HSCT is increasing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a coronary-cameral fistula: benefits of coronary dual-source MDCT angiography in children.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · August 2008 We describe the use of a dual-source 64-channel multidetector array CT (MDCT) scanner in the evaluation of a coronary-cameral fistula in a 10-month-old boy. Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and MRI are modalities often used to evaluate congenital ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric body MDCT: a 5-year follow-up survey of scanning parameters used by pediatric radiologists.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · August 2008 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how pediatric body MDCT scanning parameters (i.e., the principal determinants of radiation dose) have changed since a prior survey conducted in 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey used in this study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Towards assessing the diagnostic influence of dose reduction in pediatric CT: A study based on simulated lung nodules

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · May 14, 2008 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of reduced tube current, as a surrogate for radiation dose, on lung nodule detection in pediatric chest multi-detector CT (MDCT). Normal chest MDCT images of 13 patients aged 1 to 7 years old were used as ... Full text Cite

Pediatric abdominal CT angiography.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2008 Advancing multidetector technology offers opportunities for improved vascular assessment in children. Much of what is available deals with thoracic and central nervous system applications, with very little written about abdominal applications. That said, m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation doses from small-bowel follow-through and abdomen/pelvis MDCT in pediatric Crohn disease.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · March 2008 BACKGROUND: The onset of Crohn disease (CD) can occur in childhood. Imaging, which often involves radiation, is frequent in CD both for disease diagnosis and follow-up. However, information regarding radiation dose for contemporary CT and fluoroscopy is no ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT and radiation: What radiologists should know

Journal Article Applied Radiology · March 1, 2008 Cite

Computed tomography and radiation exposure.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · February 21, 2008 Link to item Cite

Pediatric chest MDCT using tube current modulation: effect on radiation dose with breast shielding.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2008 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess the effect on radiation dose and image noise during pediatric chest 16-MDCT using automatic tube current modulation and bismuth breast shields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age-based chest 16-MDCT was performed o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conventional and reduced radiation dose of 16-MDCT for detection of nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 2008 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to prospectively compare the reader compatibility and acceptability of a range of reduced-dose 16-MDCT images with standard-dose 16-MDCT images for the detection of nephroureterolithiasis using a dose reduction simulation techniq ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation doses from small-bowel follow-through and abdominopelvic MDCT in Crohn's disease.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · November 2007 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare organ and effective doses for small-bowel follow-through (SBFT) and abdominopelvic MDCT in adults with Crohn's disease, to retrospectively evaluate the number of radiographic examinations performed for Cro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experimental benchmarking of a Monte Carlo dose simulation code for pediatric CT

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · October 15, 2007 In recent years, there has been a desire to reduce CT radiation dose to children because of their susceptibility and prolonged risk for cancer induction. Concerns arise, however, as to the impact of dose reduction on image quality and thus potentially on d ... Full text Cite

Enhancing pediatric safety: using simulation to assess radiology resident preparedness for anaphylaxis from intravenous contrast media.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2007 PURPOSE: To prospectively develop and test a simulation model for assessing radiology resident preparedness for pediatric life-threatening events in the radiology environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was institutional review board approved. Ninet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation risk to children from computed tomography.

Journal Article Pediatrics · September 2007 Imaging studies that use ionizing radiation are an essential tool for the evaluation of many disorders of childhood. Ionizing radiation is used in radiography, fluoroscopy, angiography, and computed tomography scanning. Computed tomography is of particular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric cardiac-gated CT angiography: assessment of radiation dose.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · July 2007 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine a dose range for cardiac-gated CT angiography (CTA) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ECG-gated cardiac CTA simulating scanning of the heart was performed on an anthropomorphic phantom of a 5-year-old ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peer assessment of pediatric surgeons for potential risks of radiation exposure from computed tomography scans.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · July 2007 PURPOSE: Radiology literature reports potential cancer risk from radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that pediatric surgeons' knowledge of potential risks of radiation exposure from CT scan is limited. METHODS: We used an anon ... Full text Link to item Cite

MOSFET dosimetry for radiation dose assessment of bismuth shielding of the eye in children.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2007 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to measure radiation dose to the orbit during pediatric cranial CT with and without bismuth shielding using a novel dosimetry system. Cranial CT was performed on a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom, with and without ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dose reduction in paediatric MDCT: general principles.

Journal Article Clin Radiol · June 2007 The number of multi-detector array computed tomography (MDCT) examinations performed per annum continues to increase in both the adult and paediatric populations. Estimates from 2003 suggested that CT contributed 17% of a radiology department's workload, y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology for organ dose assessment during CT: comparison with thermoluminescent dosimetry.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · May 2007 OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to apply near-real-time dose-measurement technology with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) to the assessment of organ dose during CT and to validate the method in comparison with the the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fractures in children with Pompe disease: a potential long-term complication.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2007 BACKGROUND: Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II or acid maltase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). Classic infantile-onset disease, characterized by cardiome ... Full text Link to item Cite

Review of radiation risks from computed tomography: essentials for the pediatric surgeon.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · April 2007 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Over the past several years, increasing attention has been focused on the potential for radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT) for inducing the development of cancers. An understanding of these issues is important for the prac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glycogen storage disease type III-hepatocellular carcinoma a long-term complication?

Journal Article J Hepatol · March 2007 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Glycogen storage disease III (GSD III) is caused by a deficiency of glycogen-debranching enzyme which causes an incomplete glycogenolysis resulting in glycogen accumulation with abnormal structure (short outer chains resembling limit dextr ... Full text Link to item Cite

TH‐D‐L100F‐01: Who's Minding the Dose?

Journal Article Medical Physics · January 1, 2007 This three‐part symposium will provide an update on the important topic of CT radiation dose, which continues to receive increased scrutiny from a growing proportion of the medical field. The first talk is entitled “Radiation dose considerations in pediatr ... Full text Cite

Effective dose determination using an anthropomorphic phantom and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology for clinical adult body multidetector array computed tomography protocols.

Journal Article J Comput Assist Tomogr · 2007 PURPOSE: To determine the organ doses and total body effective dose (ED) delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom by multidetector array computed tomography (MDCT) when using standard clinical adult body imaging protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Metal oxide ... Full text Link to item Cite

SU‐FF‐I‐28: Evaluation of a Noise Addition Software for Simulating Low Dose MDCT Images

Conference Medical Physics · January 1, 2007 Purpose: To evaluate the utility of a noise addition software in simulating realistic MDCT images at reduced radiation dose levels. Methods and Materials: The utility of the software in simulating realistic low dose CT images was evaluated using a water ph ... Full text Cite

In a New Kind of Light: Patient Safety in Pediatric Radiology

Journal Article Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine · December 1, 2006 Patient safety has typically been underemphasized in pediatric radiology. There are many reasons why this is the case, including the emphasis on technology in the specialty of radiology as well as inherent differences in the physician-patient relationship. ... Full text Cite

Conventional and CT angiography in children: dosimetry and dose comparisons.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2006 Tremendous advances have been made in imaging in children with both congenital and acquired heart disease. These include technical advances in cardiac catheterization and conventional angiography, especially with advancements in interventional procedures, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose to the female breast from 16-MDCT body protocols.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 2006 OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine the radiation dose to the female breast from current 16-MDCT body examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors were placed in four quadrants ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and implementation of a hospital-based patient safety program.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · April 2006 Evidence from numerous studies indicates that large numbers of patients are harmed by medical errors while receiving health-care services in the United States today. The 1999 Institute of Medicine report on medical errors recommended that hospitals and hea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Managing the radiation dose from pediatric CT

Journal Article Applied Radiology · April 1, 2006 Cite

A new perspective on an old topic: Pediatric patient safety

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · April 1, 2006 Full text Cite

Radiation dose to the fetus from body MDCT during early gestation.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2006 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine radiation dose to the fetus at early gestation when contemporary MDCT scanners are used for common clinical indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropomorphic phantoms were constructed to reflect a preg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simulation of liver lesions for pediatric CT.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2006 PURPOSE: To develop and validate a technique based on characteristics of real lesions for simulating realistic small liver lesions on pediatric computed tomographic (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board provided exempt status f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric presacral masses.

Journal Article Radiographics · 2006 Various types of masses may affect the presacral area in children. A presacral mass may be congenital or developmental or may arise from inflammation. The mass may have neural, vascular, lymphatic, or mesenchymal origins and may be primary (as in focal dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computed tomography: important considerations for pediatric patients.

Journal Article Expert Rev Med Devices · September 2005 Computed tomography plays a central and increasingly important role in medical imaging. From the very beginning more than 30 years ago, computed tomography technology has continued to develop and provide a wide variety of applications for evaluation of dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Getting back to basics.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 2005 Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric Radiology CME Report, January 31, 2005

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · April 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Technique of pediatric thoracic CT angiography.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · March 2005 CT angiography is now an accepted application of contemporary multidetector row CT. Faster scanning, thinner slices, and improvement in intravenous contrast enhancement are benefits that have offered unique opportunities for pediatric thoracic angiographic ... Full text Link to item Cite

SU‐FF‐I‐17: Study On MOSFET Sensitivity Characteristics as a Function of Frame Rate in Modern Interventional Digital Pulsed Angiography/Fluoroscopy

Journal Article Medical Physics · January 1, 2005 Purpose: Application of MOSFET technology in modern interventional pulsed digital angiography/fluoroscopy presents a new opportunity to measure organ dose in real‐time using anthropomorphic phantoms. The purpose of this paper was to study MOSFET response c ... Full text Cite

Hepatocellular carcinoma in glycogen storage disease type Ia: a case series.

Journal Article J Inherit Metab Dis · 2005 We present a series of 8 patients (6 males, 2 females) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia). In this group, the age at which treatment was initiated ranged from birth to 39 years (mean 9.9 years). All patients b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric thoracic CT angiography.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · January 2005 One of the principal benefits of contemporary multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) has been the ability to obtain high-quality data sets for evaluation of the cardiovascular system. The benefits of the greater number of detector rows and submillime ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric chest imaging

Journal Article Radiologic Clinics of North America · January 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Review of radiation issues for computed tomography.

Journal Article Semin Ultrasound CT MR · February 2004 Over the past three decades, computed tomography (CT) has proven to be central in imaging evaluation. Multidetector technology continues to drive practice patterns by combining fast scanning with high quality data sets. This has resulted in new application ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computed tomography and radiation: understanding the issues.

Journal Article J Am Coll Radiol · February 2004 We are currently seeing increasing opportunities to improve patient care with computed tomography (CT). At the same time, we are challenged to use this technology wisely. In particular, we are being asked to balance the benefits against the risks, chiefly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computed tomography and radiation risks: what pediatric health care providers should know.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 2003 Computed tomography (CT) is an extremely valuable diagnostic tool. Recent advances, particularly multidetector technology, have provided increased and more diverse applications. However, there is also the potential for inappropriate use and unnecessary rad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Responsible use of CT.

Journal Article Radiology · October 2003 Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of paediatric mediastinal masses.

Journal Article Ann Acad Med Singap · July 2003 A review of mediastinal masses in children is important for several reasons. First, the mediastinum is the common location for thoracic masses in children. Second, the type and frequency of masses differ in children compared with adults. Third, anatomic va ... Link to item Cite

Pediatric multidetector body CT.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · May 2003 The MDCT has advantages that are uniquely suited to imaging of infants and children. This is one reason why the use of CT has continued to increase. There is also, however, an increased complexity with this technology. Because diagnosis is dependent on ade ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single versus multi-detector row CT: comparison of radiation doses and dose profiles.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · April 2003 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare the radiation dose profile between computed tomography (CT) with a single detector row (SD) and with a multi-detector row (MD) and (b) to compare specific organ doses between S ... Full text Link to item Cite

CT findings and temporal course of persistent pulmonary interstitial emphysema in neonates: a multiinstitutional study.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 2003 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT appearance, management, and temporal course of persistent pulmonary interstitial emphysema in neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Criteria for inclusion in the study group included neonates with a hi ... Full text Link to item Cite

In-plane bismuth breast shields for pediatric CT: effects on radiation dose and image quality using experimental and clinical data.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 2003 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the amount of radiation dose reduction and its effect on image quality when using an in-plane bismuth breast shield for multidetector CT (MDCT) of the chest and abdomen in female pediatric patients. SUBJE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Helical CT of the body: a survey of techniques used for pediatric patients.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 2003 OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the current practice of helical CT of the body in pediatric patients through a survey of members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey consisted of 53 questions addressing demographic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transhepatic catheterization using ultrasound-guided access.

Journal Article Pediatr Cardiol · 2003 The efficacy and safety of ultrasound guidance to obtain transhepatic access for cardiac catheterization were investigated in this study. The transhepatic route for access to perform cardiac catheterization has become an acceptable alternative when convent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Executive summary

Journal Article Pediatric Radiology · December 1, 2002 Full text Cite

Computer-simulated radiation dose reduction for abdominal multidetector CT of pediatric patients.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · November 2002 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Limiting CT radiation dose is especially critical when imaging children. The purpose of our study was to modify and test an accurate and safe tool for evaluating systematic dose reduction for abdominal multidetector CT (MDCT) in pediatric patien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric CT: practical approach to diminish the radiation dose.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · October 2002 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Eight-channel multidetector computed tomography: unique potential for pediatric chest computed tomography angiography.

Journal Article J Thorac Imaging · October 2002 Featured Publication This case report of a possible aortic pseudoaneurysm after coarctectomy in a 12-month-old boy illustrates the unique considerations when performing pediatric cardiovascular CT angiography in young children. With newer (8-channel) multidetector technology, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction: The role of the pediatric radiologist in dose reduction.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · April 2002 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Strategies of dose reduction.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · April 2002 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Improved pediatric multidetector body CT using a size-based color-coded format.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · March 2002 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: CT technique should be adjusted while scanning infants and children. One format that has proven successful in simplifying pediatric care and reducing medical error is the size-based, color-coded Broselow-Luten pediatric system. This color-coded ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose on pediatric CT: losing track of time.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 2002 Full text Link to item Cite

Radiation dose on pediatric CT: Losing track of time - Reply

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY · February 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Hepatic storage of glycogen in Niemann-Pick disease type B.

Journal Article J Pediatr · June 2001 Featured Publication We report 2 patients with confirmed Niemann-Pick disease, type B, with previous diagnoses of glycogen storage disease based on excessive glycogen on liver biopsy specimens. These cases emphasize the importance of a complete evaluation, including biochemica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fallout from recent articles on radiation dose and pediatric CT.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · June 2001 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Reliability of CXR for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · May 2001 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be prevalent, despite new treatment, in part because of increased survival in less mature infants. Investigations of new treatments have been hampered by a lack of universally accepted diagnostic cr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Helical CT of the body: are settings adjusted for pediatric patients?

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 2001 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether adjustments related to patient age are made in the scanning parameters that are determinants of radiation dose for helical CT of pediatric patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective investigation incl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Minimizing radiation dose for pediatric body applications of single-detector helical CT: strategies at a large Children's Hospital.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 2001 Featured Publication Adjustments of the standard helical CT protocols for adults can result in reduced radiation dose when imaging children. It is the radiologist's responsibility to critically evaluate the CT techniques used at their institution. Adjustments to CT protocols s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing helical CT in children

Journal Article Applied Radiology · January 1, 2001 Cite

Data acquisition for pediatric CT angiography: problems and solutions.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · December 2000 With appropriate attention to the technical aspects, excellent CT angiography can be obtained even in young infants. In this article, we will present the problems inherent with pediatric CT angiography and offer solutions that minimize or eliminate these d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contemporary pediatric thoracic imaging.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating normal from abnormal inferior thoracic paravertebral soft tissues on chest radiography in children.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · August 2000 OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this investigation were to define the normal appearances, define factors that have the potential to influence appearance, and establish defined criteria to differentiate normal from abnormal appearances of posteroinferior paraver ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated renal rind.

Journal Article J Ultrasound Med · July 2000 We describe the findings from a group of five infants ranging in age from 3 weeks to 13 months who had shock of differing causes. In each case, sonographic evaluation of the abdomen revealed bilateral perirenal hyperechoic bands several millimeters thick, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced frequency of sedation of young children with multisection helical CT.

Journal Article Radiology · June 2000 PURPOSE: To determine whether the use of multisection helical computed tomography (CT) can decrease the need for sedation compared with single-section helical CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The number of children who required sedation to undergo body CT with a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The authors respond.

Journal Article Pediatr Pulmonol · March 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Reply.

Other J Infect Dis · February 2000 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Abnormalities of the chest wall in pediatric patients.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · December 1999 A variety of focal processes and diffuse abnormalities are found predominantly in children. In addition, thoracic manifestations of trauma differ in children because of increased chest wall compliance. Familiarity with both these abnormalities as well as t ... Full text Link to item Cite

MR features of soft-tissue abnormalities due to acute marrow infarction in five children with sickle cell disease.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 1999 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to illustrate a variety of soft-tissue abnormalities on MR imaging encountered in connection with acute marrow infarction in children with sickle cell disease. CONCLUSION: Extraosseous abnormalities on MR im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Imaging of pediatric mesenteric abnormalities.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · September 1999 The relative paucity of mesenteric fat seen in the pediatric population can make detection and localization of processes in the mesentery difficult. This pictorial essay reviews pediatric mesenteric disorders and presents criteria that help localize proces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anterior chest wall: frequency of anatomic variations in children.

Journal Article Radiology · September 1999 PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of anterior chest wall variations in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The computed tomographic (CT) images of 200 consecutive infants and children (114 boys and 86 girls; mean age, 10.5 years; age range, 3 months to 19 ye ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cystic fibrosis: combined hyperpolarized 3He-enhanced and conventional proton MR imaging in the lung--preliminary observations.

Journal Article Radiology · September 1999 Four patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were examined with combined hyperpolarized helium 3-enhanced and conventional proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. After inhalation of the polarized 3He gas, single breath-hold, gradient-echo images (resonant freq ... Full text Link to item Cite

The vomiting infant.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 1999 Full text Link to item Cite

Reply.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 1999 Full text Link to item Cite

The vomiting infant.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 1999 Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in infants and children using bolus tracking.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · April 1999 OBJECTIVE: Manual administration of IV contrast material results in unpredictable injection rates. Our purpose was to determine the effect of bolus tracking on overall abdominal helical CT scan quality, particularly on hepatic enhancement, in children with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of neck position on endotracheal tube location in low birth weight infants.

Journal Article Pediatr Pulmonol · March 1999 Neck position can affect the position of the tip of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in normal neonates; this has not been systematically investigated in low birth weight (LBW) neonates. It was our intention to determine the effect of neck flexion and extension ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: MR imaging features in six children and literature review.

Journal Article Radiology · March 1999 PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA), a rare mass of early childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging studies and clinical records in six children aged 2 1/2-4 years in whom SGA was di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneous splenic enhancement patterns on spiral CT images in children: minimizing misinterpretation.

Journal Article Radiology · February 1999 PURPOSE: To (a) determine the appearances and timing of heterogeneous splenic enhancement at spiral computed tomography (CT) and (b) identify variables influencing heterogeneous splenic enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential isolevel (24-mAs) CT im ... Full text Link to item Cite

What of the past ... what of the future?

Journal Article Radiology · January 1999 Full text Link to item Cite

The appearance and significance of extrapleural fluid after esophageal atresia repair.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · January 1999 OBJECTIVE: The objective is to describe the appearance and evaluate the significance of postoperative extrapleural fluid collections in neonates who have undergone esophageal atresia repair in which an extrapleural surgical approach was used. CONCLUSION: E ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pattern-oriented approach to splenic imaging in infants and children.

Journal Article Radiographics · 1999 The spleen in infants and children is commonly involved in a variety of pathologic processes. Some of these processes cause isolated splenic disease, whereas others involve the spleen as part of a systemic illness. To facilitate differential diagnosis of s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lymphoproliferative disorders: CT findings in immunocompromised children.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 1998 OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the CT imaging appearance, distribution of disease, type of immunocompromised state, and outcome of children with Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrent thrombosis of the superior vena cava associated with activated protein C resistance: imaging findings.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · August 1998 The purpose of this report is to describe imaging findings in activated protein C resistance, a hereditary cause of recurrent thrombosis. The case described was unusual in that a neonate was affected, whereas the vast majority of cases occur in adulthood. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Case 2

Journal Article Radiology · May 1998 Full text Cite

Necrotizing myofasciitis: an atypical cause of "acute abdomen" in an immunocompromised child.

Journal Article Pediatr Radiol · February 1998 We report the case of an immunocompromised 15-year-old boy who presented with symptoms mimicking an "acute abdomen" related to necrotizing myofasciitis of the anterior abdominal wall. CT demonstrated the abdominal wall process as the cause of the patient's ... Full text Link to item Cite

The multiple presentations of foreign bodies in children.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · February 1998 Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic imaging for pediatric scrotal disorders.

Journal Article Radiographics · 1998 Classification of pediatric scrotal disorders into three typical clinical manifestations--acute scrotal disorders, scrotal masses, and cryptorchidism--provides a practical basis for evaluation with the most commonly used modalities--sonography, scintigraph ... Full text Link to item Cite

MR imaging findings of subcutaneous granuloma annulare

Journal Article RADIOLOGY · November 1, 1997 Link to item Cite

Pulmonary sequestration spectrum: a new spin with helical CT.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · September 1997 Full text Link to item Cite

Sedation of children for emergency imaging.

Journal Article Radiol Clin North Am · July 1997 Successful and safe sedation is an important technical aspect of pediatric imaging for the radiologist. Sedation of children requiring acute diagnostic evaluation presents additional challenges including uncertain past medical history and nothing-by-mouth ... Link to item Cite

From the RSNA refresher courses. Challenges of pediatric spiral CT.

Journal Article Radiographics · 1997 Spiral technology has expanded the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of pediatric diseases. Even though spiral CT requires shorter total scanning times, image degradation by patient motion is still a problem in very young patients, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric sedation in radiology: the practice of safe sleep.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · December 1996 Children will probably always need to be sedated for some radiologic procedures, and controlling the state of consciousness of a child involves more than selecting an agent. The safe and effective sedation process emanates from a carefully designed sedatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biliary sonography in children with sickle cell anemia

Journal Article RADIOLOGY · November 1, 1996 Link to item Cite

Acute testicular torsion: comparison of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced power Doppler US, color Doppler US, and radionuclide imaging.

Journal Article Radiology · May 1996 PURPOSE: To compare the usefulness of conventional color Doppler ultrasound (US), unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced power Doppler US, and radionuclide imaging in a model of acute testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty rabbits underwent u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Successful treatment of two children with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with 2'-deoxycoformycin.

Journal Article J Pediatr Hematol Oncol · May 1996 PURPOSE: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is problematic illness with a subset of patients experiencing a relapsing or progressive course despite therapy with chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressive agents. Novel therapies are required. 2'-deoxycoformyci ... Full text Link to item Cite

Doppler contrast sonography for detecting reduced perfusion in experimental ischemia of prepubertal rabbit testes.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · April 1996 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We examined whether the intravenous (IV) Doppler ultrasound contrast agent SHU 508 would improve the detection of reduced perfusion of rabbit testes when normal flow was otherwise difficult to detect. METHODS: Seventeen anesthetiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of color Doppler sonography and radionuclide imaging in different degrees of torsion in rabbit testes.

Journal Article Acad Radiol · November 1995 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We compared color Doppler sonography and radionuclide imaging in an animal model of variable torsion of the testes. METHODS: The testes of 19 rabbits with unilateral 0 degree (nontorsion), 180 degrees, 360 degrees, or 540 degrees ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sedation of children in radiology: time to wake up.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 1995 Full text Link to item Cite

Chloral hydrate sedation of children undergoing CT and MR imaging: safety as judged by American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · October 1995 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of adverse events associated with supplemented and unsupplemented chloral hydrate sedation in a select group of children undergoing CT or MR imaging using the revised American ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bartonella henselae: etiology of pulmonary nodules in a patient with depressed cell-mediated immunity.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 1995 We describe an immunocompromised renal transplantation patient with opportunistic lung infection due to Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae) and provide evidence suggesting transmission from a pet cat. Computed tomographic scans of the chest ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantification of intravenous contrast-enhanced Doppler power spectrum in the rabbit carotid artery.

Journal Article Ultrasound Med Biol · 1995 In vivo evaluation of Doppler contrast agent (DCA) enhancement has been principally qualitative. To quantitate the enhancement of the Doppler signal by perflubron emulsion, an investigational DCA, the audio-Doppler signal from the rabbit carotid artery was ... Full text Link to item Cite

SHORT-TERM TRANSFUSION THERAPY FOR AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE HIPS IN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE-CELL DISEASE

Journal Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY · January 1, 1995 Link to item Cite

Review of pneumatic reduction of intussusception: evolution not revolution.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · January 1994 Pneumatic insufflation of the colon for reduction of pediatric intussusception has recently been recognized in the United States as an alternative method for the more traditional hydrostatic reduction with contrast material. The experience with pneumatic r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence implicating dentate granule cells in wet dog shakes produced by kindling stimulations of entorhinal cortex.

Journal Article Exp Neurol · April 1986 We studied the occurrence of wet dog shakes during the evolution of kindling induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral entorhinal cortex. Wet dog shakes occur with high incidence, particularly early in development of kindling. We also demonstrated t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence implicating dentate granule cells in development of entorhinal kindling.

Journal Article Exp Neurol · April 1986 Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy induced by periodic focal electrical stimulation of the brain. The network of brain structures responsible for this permanent abnormal excitability is unknown. We hypothesized that the hippocampal formation serves a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lateral entorhinal cortical kindling can be established without potentiation of the entorhinal-granule cell synapse.

Journal Article Exp Neurol · December 1984 Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy which involves a permanently enhanced neuronal response to an electrical stimulus. It has been proposed that long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synaptic transmission is the cellular basis of kindling. Therefo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased ototoxicity in both young and old mice.

Journal Article Arch Otolaryngol · February 1981 Preweanling, postadolescent, and post-middle-aged CBA/J mice received injections of kanamycin sulfate for two weeks, followed by electrocochleographic (isoelectric auditory nerve-evoked potential thresholds from 2,000 to 64,000 Hz) and histocochleographic ... Full text Link to item Cite