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Simon Wilton Davis

Simon Wilton Davis

Associate Professor in Neurology
Neurology, Translational Brain Sciences
simon.davis@duke.edu
DUMC Box 2900, Bryan Research Building, Rm 227E, Durham, NC 27708
B243Q LSRC, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

The probability of cosmic coincidence

Journal Article International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics · March 1, 2025 The wave function of the quantum cosmological model of gravity coupled to a scalar field has been found at very early times. Corrections resulting from quadratic curvature terms may be evaluated and the functional dependence is found to have a similar form ... Full text Cite

Motor network reorganization associated with rTMS-induced writing improvement in writer's cramp dystonia.

Journal Article Brain Stimul · February 7, 2025 BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder with distributed abnormalities in the brain's motor network. Prior studies established the potential for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to either premotor cor ... Full text Link to item Cite

An empirical relation between lepton masses from the symmetric permutation group

Journal Article Modern Physics Letters A · January 30, 2025 The automorphism group of the spinor space of the standard model introduces the permutations of S3 in addition to the gauge groups in a unified theory of the elementary particle interactions. The S3 symmetry will be the basis of a theoretical explanation o ... Full text Cite

Subsequent Memory Effects in Cortical Pattern Similarity Differ by Semantic Class.

Journal Article J Cogn Neurosci · January 2, 2025 Although living and nonliving stimuli are known to rely on distinct brain regions during perception, it is largely unknown if their episodic memory encoding mechanisms differ as well. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to encode object pictur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating state-based network dynamics in anhedonia

Journal Article NeuroImage: Reports · December 1, 2024 Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic clinical syndrome associated with significant clinical impairment. In spite of this, a clear network-level characterization of anhedonia does not yet exist. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by taking a g ... Full text Cite

Clinical Manifestations

Journal Article Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · December 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive impairment of cognition and memory, including the loss of episodic memory. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation therapies to modulate memory encoding processes is a promising avenue ... Full text Cite

Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response.

Journal Article Hum Brain Mapp · October 15, 2024 Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodyn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential Mnemonic Contributions of Cortical Representations during Encoding and Retrieval.

Journal Article J Cogn Neurosci · October 1, 2024 Several recent fMRI studies of episodic and working memory representations converge on the finding that visual information is most strongly represented in occipito-temporal cortex during the encoding phase but in parietal regions during the retrieval phase ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Context and semantic object properties interact to support recognition memory.

Journal Article Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · September 2024 We have a great capacity to remember a large number of items, yet memory is selective. While multiple factors dictate why we remember some things and not others, it is increasingly acknowledged that some objects are more memorable than others. Recent studi ... Full text Cite

Using Dual-Coil TMS-EEG to Probe Bilateral Brain Mechanisms in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Journal Article bioRxiv · August 26, 2024 BACKGROUND: A widespread observation in the cognitive neuroscience of aging is that older adults show a more bilateral pattern of task-related brain activation. These observations are based on inherently correlational approaches. The current study represen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Worldsheet contributions to instantons in string effective field theories

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics A · August 20, 2024 The D-instantons in (p,p+1) theory can contribute to the string effective action. The relation with the D-instanton term in Type IIB string theory will be clarified. The equation of the scalar field is projected to the two-dimensional worldsheet, on which ... Full text Cite

Connectivity analyses for task-based fMRI.

Journal Article Phys Life Rev · July 2024 Functional connectivity is conventionally defined by measuring the similarity between brain signals from two regions. The technique has become widely adopted in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, where it has provided cognit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visual Recognition Memory of Scenes Is Driven by Categorical, Not Sensory, Visual Representations.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 22, 2024 When we perceive a scene, our brain processes various types of visual information simultaneously, ranging from sensory features, such as line orientations and colors, to categorical features, such as objects and their arrangements. Whereas the role of sens ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anomaly cancellation in string theory

Journal Article International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics · March 1, 2024 The anomaly cancellation in superstring theory is known to hold at leading order in the curvature for the gauge groups SO(32) and E8 × E8. The coefficients of the next-to-leading order terms may be evaluated, and a mechanism for cancellation is described, ... Full text Cite

Hippocampal Functions Modulate Transfer-Appropriate Cortical Representations Supporting Subsequent Memory.

Journal Article J Neurosci · January 3, 2024 The hippocampus plays a central role as a coordinate system or index of information stored in neocortical loci. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical information to facilitate successful memory encoding. Thus, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognition's dependence on functional network integrity with age is conditional on structural network integrity.

Journal Article Neurobiol Aging · September 2023 Maintaining good cognitive function is crucial for well-being across the lifespan. We proposed that the degree of cognitive maintenance is determined by the functional interactions within and between large-scale brain networks. Such connectivity can be rep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Poorer White Matter Microstructure Predicts Slower and More Variable Reaction Time Performance: Evidence for a Neural Noise Hypothesis in a Large Lifespan Cohort.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 10, 2023 Most prior research has focused on characterizing averages in cognition, brain characteristics, or behavior, and attempting to predict differences in these averages among individuals. However, this overwhelming focus on mean levels may leave us with an inc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Distinct components of cardiovascular health are linked with age-related differences in cognitive abilities.

Journal Article Sci Rep · January 18, 2023 Cardiovascular ageing contributes to cognitive impairment. However, the unique and synergistic contributions of multiple cardiovascular factors to cognitive function remain unclear because they are often condensed into a single composite score or examined ... Full text Link to item Cite

Network-level dynamics underlying a combined rTMS and psychotherapy treatment for major depressive disorder: An exploratory network analysis.

Journal Article Int J Clin Health Psychol · 2023 BACKGROUND: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for depression, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms of action and how potential treatment-related brain changes help to characterize tr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Between automatic and control processes: How relationships between problem elements interact to facilitate or impede insight.

Journal Article Mem Cognit · November 2022 Solving a problem requires relating the pieces of information available to each other and to the solution. We investigated how the strength of these relationships determines the likelihood of solving insight tasks based on remote associates. In these tasks ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using diffusion tensor imaging to effectively target TMS to deep brain structures

Conference NeuroImage · April 1, 2022 TMS has become a powerful tool to explore cortical function, and in parallel has proven promising in the development of therapies for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, much of the inference of the direct effects of TMS has been ... Full text Cite

Using diffusion tensor imaging to effectively target TMS to deep brain structures.

Journal Article Neuroimage · April 1, 2022 TMS has become a powerful tool to explore cortical function, and in parallel has proven promising in the development of therapies for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, much of the inference of the direct effects of TMS has been ... Full text Link to item Cite

Episodic Past, Future, and counterfactual thinking in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis.

Journal Article Neuroimage Clin · 2022 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease characterized by widespread white matter lesions in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to well-characterized motor deficits, MS results in cognitive impairments in several domains, notably in episodic au ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantum fluctuations of the metric, three-geometries and conformal embeddings in four-manifolds

Journal Article International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics · December 1, 2021 In this paper, connections between the path integrals for four-dimensional quantum gravity and string theory are emphasized. It is shown that there is a natural relation between these two path integrals based on the theorems on embeddings of two-dimensiona ... Full text Cite

Network-based rTMS to modulate working memory: The difficult choice of effective parameters for online interventions.

Journal Article Brain Behav · November 2021 BACKGROUND: Online repetitive transcranialmagnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to modulate working memory (WM) performance in a site-specific manner, with behavioral improvements due to stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related dedifferentiation and hyperdifferentiation of perceptual and mnemonic representations.

Journal Article Neurobiology of aging · October 2021 Preliminary evidence indicates that occipito-temporal activation patterns for different visual stimuli are less distinct in older (OAs) than younger (YAs) adults, suggesting a dedifferentiation of visual representations with aging. Yet, it is unclear if th ... Full text Cite

Neural signatures of saliency-mapping in anhedonia: A narrative review.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · October 2021 Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or motivation to engage in previously enjoyable activities, and is a transdiagnostic symptom associated with significant clinical impairment. Anhedonia is implicated in several different psychiatric disorders, presenting a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human immunodeficiency virus-related decreases in corpus callosal integrity and corresponding increases in functional connectivity.

Journal Article Human brain mapping · October 2021 People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) often have neurocognitive impairment. However, findings on HIV-related differences in brain network function underlying these impairments are inconsistent. One principle frequently absent from these re ... Full text Cite

Mapping the organization and dynamics of the posterior medial network during movie watching.

Journal Article Neuroimage · August 1, 2021 Brain regions within a posterior medial network (PMN) are characterized by sensitivity to episodic tasks, and they also demonstrate strong functional connectivity as part of the default network. Despite its cohesive structure, delineating the intranetwork ... Full text Link to item Cite

The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images.

Journal Article Mem Cognit · May 2021 Humans have a remarkable fidelity for visual long-term memory, and yet the composition of these memories is a longstanding debate in cognitive psychology. While much of the work on long-term memory has focused on processes associated with successful encodi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Effects of Functionally Guided, Connectivity-Based rTMS on Amygdala Activation.

Journal Article Brain Sci · April 13, 2021 While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely used to treat psychiatric disorders, innovations are needed to improve its efficacy. An important limitation is that while psychiatric disorders are associated with fronto-limbic dysregula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-Related Compensatory Reconfiguration of PFC Connections during Episodic Memory Retrieval.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · January 5, 2021 During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related increase in PFC activity is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visual and Semantic Representations Predict Subsequent Memory in Perceptual and Conceptual Memory Tests.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · January 5, 2021 It is generally assumed that the encoding of a single event generates multiple memory representations, which contribute differently to subsequent episodic memory. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and representational similarity analysis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral white matter connectivity, cognition, and age-related macular degeneration.

Journal Article Neuroimage Clin · 2021 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retina disease associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. The mechanism(s) that account for the link between AMD and cognitive decline remain unclear. Here we aim to shed light on this issue by ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY · 2021 Cite

Functional Brain Networks in Focal Dystonia and their Associations with Dystonic Behavior

Journal Article · 2021 ABSTRACT Multiple neuroimaging studies suggest that dystonia is a network-level brain disorder, but the key networks to target for brain therapy in dystonia remain poorly understood. This study identified impaired functional networks (FNs) in writ ... Full text Cite

Between automatic and control processes: How relationships between problem elements interact to facilitate or impede insight

Journal Article · 2021 Solving a problem requires relating the pieces of information available to each other and to the solution. We investigated how the strength of these relationships determines the likelihood of solving insight tasks based on remote associates. In these ta ... Full text Cite

AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND THE AGING BRAIN

Conference INNOVATION IN AGING · 2021 Cite

Intensity- and timing-dependent modulation of motion perception with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex.

Journal Article Neuropsychologia · October 2020 Despite the widespread use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical care, the dose-response relations and neurophysiological correlates of modulatory effects remain relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, we studied modulation o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Examining the Role of Lateral Parietal Cortex in Emotional Distancing Using TMS.

Journal Article Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci · October 2020 We recently proposed a neurocognitive model of distancing-an emotion regulation tactic-with a focus on the lateral parietal cortex. Although this brain area has been implicated in both cognitive control and self-projection processes during distancing, fMRI ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Older adults benefit from more widespread brain network integration during working memory.

Journal Article Neuroimage · September 2020 Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the aging brain relies on a more distributed set of cortical regions than younger adults in order to maintain successful levels of performance during demanding cognitive tasks. However, it remains unclear how task demand ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Structural Controllability Predicts Functional Patterns and Brain Stimulation Benefits Associated with Working Memory.

Journal Article J Neurosci · August 26, 2020 The brain is an inherently dynamic system, and much work has focused on the ability to modify neural activity through both local perturbations and changes in the function of global network ensembles. Network controllability is a recent concept in network n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Are the hippocampus and its network necessary for creativity?

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 23, 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion discrimination.

Journal Article Neurosci Lett · June 21, 2020 The perception of visual motion is dependent on a set of occipitotemporal regions that are readily accessible to neuromodulation. The current study tested if paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (ppTMS) could modulate motion perception by stimula ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Age-related reduction in motor adaptation: brain structural correlates and the role of explicit memory

Journal Article Neurobiology of Aging · June 1, 2020 The adaption of movement to changes in the environment varies across life span. Recent evidence has linked motor adaptation and its reduction with age to differences in “explicit” learning processes. We examine differences in brain structure and cognition ... Full text Cite

Site-Specific Effects of Online rTMS during a Working Memory Task in Healthy Older Adults.

Journal Article Brain Sci · April 27, 2020 The process of manipulating information within working memory is central to many cognitive functions, but also declines rapidly in old age. Improving this process could markedly enhance the health-span in older adults. The current pre-registered, randomize ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Noradrenergic-dependent functions are associated with age-related locus coeruleus signal intensity differences.

Journal Article Nat Commun · April 6, 2020 The locus coeruleus (LC), the origin of noradrenergic modulation of cognitive and behavioral function, may play an important role healthy ageing and in neurodegenerative conditions. We investigated the functional significance of age-related differences in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cortical Overlap and Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Predict Subsequent True and False Memory.

Journal Article The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · February 2020 The declarative memory system allows us to accurately recognize a countless number of items and events, particularly those strengthened by repeated exposure. However, increased familiarity due to repetition can also lead to false recognition of related but ... Full text Cite

Physical Activity Predicts Population-Level Age-Related Differences in Frontal White Matter.

Journal Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · January 20, 2020 Physical activity has positive effects on brain health and cognitive function throughout the life span. Thus far, few studies have examined the effects of physical activity on white matter microstructure and psychomotor speed within the same, population-ba ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visual and semantic representations predict subsequent memory in perceptual and conceptual memory tests

Journal Article · 2020 It is generally assumed that the encoding of a single event generates multiple memory representations, which contribute differently to subsequent episodic memory. We used fMRI and representational similarity analysis (RSA) to examine how visual and semanti ... Full text Cite

Dose-dependent enhancement of motion direction discrimination with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex

Journal Article · 2020 Despite the widespread use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical care, the underlying mechanisms-of-actions that mediate modulatory effects remain poorly understood. To fill this gap, we studied dose–response functions of TMS ... Full text Cite

Age-related dedifferentiation and hyperdifferentiation of perceptual and mnemonic representations

Journal Article · 2020 Preliminary evidence indicates that occipito-temporal activation patterns for different visual stimuli are less distinct in older (OAs) than younger (YAs) adults, suggesting a dedifferentiation of visual representations with aging. Yet, it is unclear if th ... Full text Cite

Mapping the organization and dynamics of the posterior medial network during movie watching

Journal Article · 2020 Brain regions within a posterior medial network (PMN) are characterized by sensitivity to episodic tasks, and they also demonstrate strong functional connectivity as part of the default network. Despite its cohesive structure, delineating the intranetwork ... Full text Cite

The effect of functionally-guided-connectivity-based rTMS on amygdala activation

Journal Article · 2020 Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has fundamentally transformed how we treat psychiatric disorders, but is still in need of innovation to optimally correct dysregulation that occurs throughout the fronto-limbic network. rTMS is often appl ... Full text Cite

The Visual and Semantic Features that Predict Object Memory: Concept Property Norms for 1000 Object Images

Journal Article · 2020 Humans have a remarkable fidelity for visual long-term memory, and yet the composition of these memories is a longstanding debate in cognitive psychology. While much of this work has focused on processes associated with successful encoding and retrieval ... Full text Cite

Effects of online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive processing: A meta-analysis and recommendations for future studies.

Journal Article Neurosci Biobehav Rev · December 2019 Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied while subjects are performing a task, is widely used to disrupt brain regions underlying cognition. However, online rTMS has also induced "paradoxical enhancement". Given the rapid prolife ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects across the adult lifespan.

Journal Article Sci Rep · September 24, 2019 Making sense of the external world is vital for multiple domains of cognition, and so it is crucial that object recognition is maintained across the lifespan. We investigated age differences in perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects in a po ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strong and specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and white matter micro- and macrostructure in healthy aging.

Journal Article Neurobiol Aging · February 2019 Cardiovascular health declines with age, increasing the risk of hypertension and elevated heart rate in middle and old age. Here, we used multivariate techniques to investigate the associations between cardiovascular health (diastolic blood pressure, systo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during working memory in younger and older adults: A randomized within-subject comparison.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 Working memory is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. The ability to manipulate information in working memory is central to many aspects of human cognition, but also declines with h ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cooperative contributions of structural and functional connectivity to successful memory in aging.

Journal Article Netw Neurosci · 2019 Understanding the precise relation between functional connectivity and structural (white matter) connectivity and how these relationships account for cognitive changes in older adults are major challenges for neuroscience. We investigate these issues using ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Age-related compensatory reconfiguration of PFC connections during episodic memory retrieval

Journal Article · 2019 During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related PFC activity increase is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functional c ... Full text Cite

Structural controllability predicts functional patterns and brain stimulation benefits associated with working memory

Journal Article · 2019 Summary The brain is an inherently dynamic system, and much work has focused on the ability to modify neural activity through both local perturbations and changes in the function of global network ensembles. Network controllability is a recent con ... Full text Cite

Toward a more integrative cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory

Chapter · January 1, 2019 The cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory is rapidly expanding its scope to comprehensively investigate both local specialization of function and complex, distributed functional interactions. Doing so necessitates building from general univariate model ... Full text Cite

Complementary topology of maintenance and manipulation brain networks in working memory.

Journal Article Sci Rep · December 13, 2018 Working memory (WM) is assumed to consist of a process that sustains memory representations in an active state (maintenance) and a process that operates on these activated representations (manipulation). We examined evidence for two distinct, concurrent co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

On the Concurrent Use of Self-System Therapy and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Treatment for Depression.

Journal Article J ECT · December 2018 OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for unipolar depression, its typical effect sizes have been modest, and methodological and conceptual challenges remain regarding how to optimize its ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Toward a more integrative cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory

Chapter · September 12, 2018 The cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory is rapidly expanding its scope to comprehensively investigate both local specialization of function and complex, distributed functional interactions. Doing so necessitates building from general univariate model ... Full text Cite

Functional networks underlying item and source memory: shared and distinct network components and age-related differences.

Journal Article Neurobiol Aging · September 2018 Although the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) are critical for both item memory (IM) and source memory (SM), the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex play a greater role during SM than IM. It is unclear, however, how these differences transl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring patterns of response across the lifespan: the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) study.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · June 19, 2018 BACKGROUND: With declining rates of participation in epidemiological studies there is an important need to attempt to understand what factors might affect response. This study examines the pattern of response at different adult ages within a contemporary c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Excitatory TMS Boosts Memory Representations

Journal Article · March 10, 2018 Abstract Brain stimulation technologies have seen increasing application in basic science investigations, specifically towards the goal of improving memory functioning. However, proposals concerning the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement of ... Full text Cite

Contributions of the ventral parietal cortex to declarative memory.

Journal Article Handb Clin Neurol · 2018 Our understanding of the role that ventral parietal cortex (VPC) plays in declarative memory processes has changed dramatically over the last two decades. The goal of this chapter is to provide a concise overview data concerning VPC involvement in episodic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Excitatory TMS modulates memory representations.

Journal Article Cogn Neurosci · 2018 Brain stimulation technologies have seen increasing application in basic science investigations, specifically toward the goal of improving memory function. However, proposals concerning the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement often rely on s ... Full text Link to item Cite

A systematic study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance working memory manipulation abilities

Journal Article · 2018 A core element of human working memory (WM) is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. Given the profound importance of such WM manipulation (WM-M) abilities, there is a concerted effor ... Full text Cite

Frequency-specific neuromodulation of local and distant connectivity in aging and episodic memory function.

Journal Article Hum Brain Mapp · December 2017 A growing literature has focused on the brain's ability to augment processing in local regions by recruiting distant communities of neurons in response to neural decline or insult. In particular, both younger and older adult populations recruit bilateral p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic accuracy and cost analysis of the Alere™ i Influenza A&B near-patient test using throat swabs.

Journal Article J Hosp Infect · November 2017 BACKGROUND: Clinical diagnostic sensitivity alone is inadequate in the diagnosis of influenza. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is sensitive but the inherent delays in result availability potentially prolong time to isolation and treatment. Until re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related delay in visual and auditory evoked responses is mediated by white- and grey-matter differences.

Journal Article Nat Commun · June 9, 2017 Slowing is a common feature of ageing, yet a direct relationship between neural slowing and brain atrophy is yet to be established in healthy humans. We combine magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measures of neural processing speed with magnetic resonance imagi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preserved cognitive functions with age are determined by domain-dependent shifts in network responsivity.

Journal Article Nat Commun · May 8, 2017 Healthy ageing has disparate effects on different cognitive domains. The neural basis of these differences, however, is largely unknown. We investigated this question by using Independent Components Analysis to obtain functional brain components from 98 he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reprint of ''Using neuroimaging to individualize TMS treatment for depression: Toward a new paradigm for imaging-guided intervention''.

Journal Article Neuroimage · May 1, 2017 The standard clinical technique for using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with limited efficacy to date. Such limited efficacy may be due to reliance on scalp-based targeting rather than ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Using neuroimaging to individualize TMS treatment for depression: Toward a new paradigm for imaging-guided intervention.

Journal Article Neuroimage · March 1, 2017 The standard clinical technique for using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with limited efficacy to date. Such limited efficacy may be due to reliance on scalp-based targeting rather than ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ageing increases reliance on sensorimotor prediction through structural and functional differences in frontostriatal circuits.

Journal Article Nat Commun · October 3, 2016 The control of voluntary movement changes markedly with age. A critical component of motor control is the integration of sensory information with predictions of the consequences of action, arising from internal models of movement. This leads to sensorimoto ... Full text Link to item Cite

A watershed model of individual differences in fluid intelligence.

Journal Article Neuropsychologia · October 2016 Fluid intelligence is a crucial cognitive ability that predicts key life outcomes across the lifespan. Strong empirical links exist between fluid intelligence and processing speed on the one hand, and white matter integrity and processing speed on the othe ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Multiple determinants of lifespan memory differences.

Journal Article Sci Rep · September 7, 2016 Memory problems are among the most common complaints as people grow older. Using structural equation modeling of commensurate scores of anterograde memory from a large (N = 315), population-derived sample (www.cam-can.org), we provide evidence for three me ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Robust Resilience of the Frontotemporal Syntax System to Aging.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 11, 2016 UNLABELLED: Brain function is thought to become less specialized with age. However, this view is largely based on findings of increased activation during tasks that fail to separate task-related processes (e.g., attention, decision making) from the cogniti ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Frequency-specific neuromodulation of local and distant connectivity in aging & episodic memory function

Journal Article · 2016 A growing literature has focused on the brain’s ability to augment processing in local regions by recruiting distant communities of neurons in response to neural decline or insult. In particular, both younger and older adult populations recruit bilateral p ... Full text Cite

Idiosyncratic responding during movie-watching predicted by age differences in attentional control.

Journal Article Neurobiol Aging · November 2015 Much is known about how age affects the brain during tightly controlled, though largely contrived, experiments, but do these effects extrapolate to everyday life? Naturalistic stimuli, such as movies, closely mimic the real world and provide a window onto ... Full text Link to item Cite

State and Trait Components of Functional Connectivity: Individual Differences Vary with Mental State.

Journal Article J Neurosci · October 14, 2015 UNLABELLED: Resting-state functional connectivity, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is often treated as a trait, used, for example, to draw inferences about individual differences in cognitive function, or differences between he ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of ageing on fMRI: Correction for the confounding effects of vascular reactivity evaluated by joint fMRI and MEG in 335 adults.

Journal Article Hum Brain Mapp · June 2015 In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research one is typically interested in neural activity. However, the blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is a composite of both neural and vascular activity. As factors such as age or medication ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cross-hemispheric collaboration and segregation associated with task difficulty as revealed by structural and functional connectivity.

Journal Article J Neurosci · May 27, 2015 Although it is known that brain regions in one hemisphere may interact very closely with their corresponding contralateral regions (collaboration) or operate relatively independent of them (segregation), the specific brain regions (where) and conditions (h ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Less wiring, more firing: low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · April 2015 The reliable neuroimaging finding that older adults often show greater activity (over-recruitment) than younger adults is typically attributed to compensation. Yet, the neural mechanisms of over-recruitment in older adults (OAs) are largely unknown. Rodent ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Distinct aspects of frontal lobe structure mediate age-related differences in fluid intelligence and multitasking.

Journal Article Nat Commun · December 18, 2014 Ageing is characterized by declines on a variety of cognitive measures. These declines are often attributed to a general, unitary underlying cause, such as a reduction in executive function owing to atrophy of the prefrontal cortex. However, age-related ch ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Age mediation of frontoparietal activation during visual feature search.

Journal Article Neuroimage · November 15, 2014 Activation of frontal and parietal brain regions is associated with attentional control during visual search. We used fMRI to characterize age-related differences in frontoparietal activation in a highly efficient feature search task, detection of a shape ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) study protocol: a cross-sectional, lifespan, multidisciplinary examination of healthy cognitive ageing.

Journal Article BMC Neurol · October 14, 2014 BACKGROUND: As greater numbers of us are living longer, it is increasingly important to understand how we can age healthily. Although old age is often stereotyped as a time of declining mental abilities and inflexibility, cognitive neuroscience reveals tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

The neural basis of involuntary episodic memories.

Journal Article J Cogn Neurosci · October 2014 Voluntary episodic memories require an intentional memory search, whereas involuntary episodic memories come to mind spontaneously without conscious effort. Cognitive neuroscience has largely focused on voluntary memory, leaving the neural mechanisms of in ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Age-related sensitivity to task-related modulation of language-processing networks.

Journal Article Neuropsychologia · October 2014 It is widely assumed that cognitive functions decline with age and that these decrements are associated with age-related changes in patterns of functional activity. However, these functional changes may be due to age-related increased responsiveness to tas ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

An fMRI investigation of posttraumatic flashbacks.

Journal Article Brain Cogn · February 2013 Flashbacks are a defining feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but there have been few studies of their neural basis. We tested predictions from a dual representation model of PTSD that, compared with ordinary episodic memories of the same trau ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

NEURAL CORRELATES OF THE OWN-AGE BIAS IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

Conference JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE · January 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

The architecture of cross-hemispheric communication in the aging brain: linking behavior to functional and structural connectivity.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · January 2012 Contralateral recruitment remains a controversial phenomenon in both the clinical and normative populations. To investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon, we explored the tendency for older adults to recruit prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions contr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Inter-Parietal White Matter Development Predicts Numerical Performance in Young Children.

Journal Article Learn Individ Differ · December 2011 In an effort to understand the role of interhemispheric transfer in numerical development, we investigated the relationship between children's developing knowledge of numbers and the integrity of their white matter connections between the cerebral hemisphe ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Adult age differences in functional connectivity during executive control.

Journal Article Neuroimage · August 15, 2010 Task switching requires executive control processes that undergo age-related decline. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified age-related differences in brain activation associated with global switching effects (dual-task blocks versus single-task bl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Assessing the effects of age on long white matter tracts using diffusion tensor tractography.

Journal Article Neuroimage · June 2009 Aging is associated with significant white matter deterioration and this deterioration is assumed to be at least partly a consequence of myelin degeneration. The present study investigated specific predictions of the myelodegeneration hypothesis using diff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral white matter integrity mediates adult age differences in cognitive performance.

Journal Article J Cogn Neurosci · February 2009 Previous research has established that age-related decline occurs in measures of cerebral white matter integrity, but the role of this decline in age-related cognitive changes is not clear. To conclude that white matter integrity has a mediating (causal) c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Que PASA? The posterior-anterior shift in aging.

Journal Article Cereb Cortex · May 2008 A consistent finding from functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging is an age-related reduction in occipital activity coupled with increased frontal activity. This posterior-anterior shift in aging (PASA) has been typically attributed to functiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantifying deformation using information theory: The log-unbiased nonlinear registration

Conference 2007 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro - Proceedings · November 27, 2007 In the past decade, information theory has been studied extensively in medical imaging. In particular, maximization of mutual information has been shown to yield good results in multi-modal image registration. In this paper, we apply information theory to ... Full text Cite

Statistical properties of Jacobian maps and the realization of unbiased large-deformation nonlinear image registration.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Med Imaging · June 2007 Maps of local tissue compression or expansion are often computed by comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using nonlinear image registration. The resulting changes are commonly analyzed using tensor-based morphometry to make inferences about ana ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discriminating imagined from perceived information engages brain areas implicated in schizophrenia.

Journal Article Neuroimage · August 15, 2006 Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia may reflect a difficulty discriminating between information that was perceived from the outside world and information that was imagined. This study used fMRI to examine the brain regions associated with this reality mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional patterns of hippocampal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · January 2006 OBJECTIVE: To measure hippocampal volumes in patients diagnosed as having subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to those of elderly control subjects and those of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using 3-dimensional mesh reconstructions. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inverse consistent mapping in 3D deformable image registration: Its construction and statistical properties

Conference Lecture Notes in Computer Science · October 17, 2005 This paper presents a new approach to inverse consistent image registration. A uni-directional algorithm is developed using symmetric cost functionals and regularizers. Instead of enforcing inverse consistency using an additional penalty that penalizes inc ... Cite

Atlas-based hippocampus segmentation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Journal Article Neuroimage · October 1, 2005 This study assesses the performance of public-domain automated methodologies for MRI-based segmentation of the hippocampus in elderly subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Structural MR images of 54 age- and gender-mat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inverse consistent mapping in 3D deformable image registration: its construction and statistical properties.

Journal Article Inf Process Med Imaging · 2005 This paper presents a new approach to inverse consistent image registration. A uni-directional algorithm is developed using symmetric cost functionals and regularizers. Instead of enforcing inverse consistency using an additional penalty that penalizes inc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative and statistical analyses of PET imaging studies of amyloid deposition in humans

Conference IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record · December 1, 2004 In vivo amyloid imaging could aid in earlier detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and anti-amyloid therapy development. We compared quantitative region-of-interest (ROI) and voxel-based statistical analyses of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of ... Cite

Discriminative MR image feature analysis for automatic schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease classification

Conference Lecture Notes in Computer Science · January 1, 2004 We construct a computational framework for automatic central nervous system (CNS) disease discrimination using high resolution Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of human brains. More than 3000 MR image features are extracted, forming a high dimensional coars ... Full text Cite