Book · December 9, 2025
Supported by real-world case studies, this essential textbook provides a detailed overview of the use of biostatistical tools and methods, enabling students and researchers to undertake their own research with confidence and understanding. After a general ...
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Journal ArticlePopulation Research and Policy Review · February 1, 2025
Many studies indicate that Total fertility rates (TFR(t)) are negatively correlated with life expectancies at birth (e0(t)). We found that complete random-combinations of TFR(t) and e0(t) would result in about 24% and 22.2% of improbable combinations in pr ...
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Journal ArticleHeliyon · January 15, 2024
It is long observed that females tend to live longer than males in nearly every country. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that genetic associations with longevity are on average stronger in females than in mal ...
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Journal ArticleResearch in Social Stratification and Mobility · August 1, 2022
There is a long history of studying intergenerational mobility using mobility tables or transition matrices. This approach has two potential limitations: each generation is typically divided into several equally sized income groups based on percentile rank ...
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Journal ArticleApplied Research in Quality of Life · August 1, 2021
In the construction of composite or summary social indicators/indices, a recurrent methodological issue pertains to how to weight each of the quality-of-life/well-being components of the indices. Two methods of composite index construction that have been w ...
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Journal ArticleMathematical foundations of computing · February 2021
As a sophisticated and popular age-period-cohort method, the Intrinsic Estimator (IE) and related estimators have evoked intense debate in demography, sociology, epidemiology and statistics. This study aims to provide a more holistic review and critical as ...
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Journal ArticleGlobal Crime · January 1, 2021
During the 1990s, the United States and other wealthy democracies experienced a decline in homicide rates. However, not all nations shared this trend. Despite disparate homicide patterns, researchers usually examine the average effect of correlates on homi ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2021
In this chapter, we argue that high lev els of violence result when extreme re source deprivation is sustained in cities from decade to decade. Thus, we offer the first empirical test of resource deprivation conceptualized in this manner. Using an index of ...
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Journal ArticleSociological methods & research · August 2020
Count responses with grouping and right censoring have long been used in surveys to study a variety of behaviors, status, and attitudes. Yet grouping or right-censoring decisions of count responses still rely on arbitrary choices made by researchers. We de ...
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Journal ArticleCommunications on Pure and Applied Analysis · August 1, 2020
Negative binomial regression has been widely applied in various research settings to account for counts with overdispersion. Yet, when the gamma scale parameter, ν, is parameterized, there is no direct algorithmic solution to the Fisher Information matrix ...
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Journal ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology · June 2019
BackgroundA striking increase in the all-cause mortality of US middle-aged non-Hispanic Whites in the past two decades has been documented by previous studies. The inter-cohort patterns in US mortality, as well as their racial/ethnic disparities, ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2019
Mathematical demography is the subfield of demography that is concerned with developing and refining measures and methods for studying population composition and change. Historically, demographers used population level data to compute measures of the key c ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · November 1, 2018
It has recently been claimed that Sen’s capabilities approach can be used to advise the formation of public policy related to human wellbeing. It has also been proposed that measures of subjective wellbeing are inadequate for this purpose. These ideas are ...
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Journal ArticleHomicide studies · November 2018
Relative to studies of U.S. homicide trends, few have investigated cross-national trends. We explore hidden heterogeneity across a sample of 82 nations between 1980 and 2010, and examine (a) what distinct latent trajectories are represented among these nat ...
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Journal ArticleJAMA Netw Open · August 2018
IMPORTANCE: Sex differences in genetic associations with human longevity remain largely unknown; investigations on this topic are important for individualized health care. OBJECTIVE: To explore sex differences in genetic associations with longevity. DESIGN ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · February 1, 2018
This paper reviews the origins, promise, and subsequent development of social indicators/quality-of-life/well-being conceptualizations and research since the 1960s. It then assesses the state of this field in the 2010s and identifies four key developments— ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · February 1, 2018
This paper is written to briefly summarize comments made on our paper “Fifty years after the social indicators movement: Has the promise been fulfilled? An assessment and an agenda for the future”, including additional ideas suggested by our reflections on ...
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Journal ArticleCommunications in Statistics Theory and Methods · January 17, 2018
Although count data are often collected in social, psychological, and epidemiological surveys in grouped and right-censored categories, there is a lack of statistical methods simultaneously taking both grouping and right-censoring into account. In this res ...
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Book · January 1, 2018
The main objective of this book is to propose an alternative criminal opportunity theory. The authors build upon social control and routine activities to develop a dynamic, multi-contextual criminal opportunity theory. Emphasizing the importance of context ...
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Journal ArticleHomicide Studies · November 1, 2017
We examine the empirical applicability of differential institutional engagement in explaining the youth age structure effect on neighborhood homicide. Using the National Neighborhood Crime Study and Census data, we conduct a multilevel spatial analysis of ...
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Chapter · July 5, 2017
Much recent research and debate in criminology have centered around how to conceptualize and model longitudinal sequences of delinquent and criminal acts committed by individuals. Two approaches dominate this controversy. One originates in the criminal car ...
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Journal ArticleSocial psychological and personality science · April 2017
Twenge, Sherman, and Lyubomirsky (TSL) claim that long-term cultural changes have increased young adults' happiness while reducing mature adults' happiness. To establish their conclusion, TSL use trend analyses, as well as more sophisticated mixed-effects ...
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Journal ArticlePopulation Space and Place · January 1, 2017
Using eight successive waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this study applies hierarchical age–period–cohort models to investigate the rising prevalence rates of adulthood overweight in China. We find that overweight prevalence rates increase t ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2017
This chapter commences with a review of the theory of models as cognitive tools/linguistic devices by which we order and organize experiences and observations. Within the context of the theory of models, we then turn to the question of scalability of compo ...
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Chapter · October 6, 2016
Demography of aging is a subfield of demography that focuses on the older members of a population as well as the processes and consequences of population aging. Research in the demography of aging examines a number of topics, including the state and status ...
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Book · August 22, 2016
This volume is a critical exposition of the data and analyses from a full decade of rigorous research into how age-related changes at the individual level, along with other factors, contribute to morbidity, disability and mortality risks at the broader pop ...
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Journal ArticleRejuvenation Res · June 2016
On the basis of the genotypic/phenotypic data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and Cox proportional hazard model, the present study demonstrates that interactions between carrying FOXO1A-209 genotypes and tea drinking are signific ...
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Journal ArticleChild Indicators Research · June 1, 2016
Using data from an annual nationally representative survey of U.S. 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from 1991 to 2012, this paper applies a new two-step method to study trends in self-reports of victimization during the last year from four forms of violent bull ...
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Book · April 19, 2016
Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: New Models, Methods, and Empirical Applications is based on a decade of the authors' collaborative work in age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Within a single, consistent HAPC-GLMM statistical modeling framework, the authors synth ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · February 25, 2016
Only two genome-wide significant loci associated with longevity have been identified so far, probably because of insufficient sample sizes of centenarians, whose genomes may harbor genetic variants associated with health and longevity. Here we report a gen ...
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Journal ArticleBiogerontology · February 2016
Complex diseases are major contributors to human mortality in old age. Paradoxically, many genetic variants that have been associated with increased risks of such diseases are found in genomes of long-lived people, and do not seem to compromise longevity. ...
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Journal ArticlePopulation research and policy review · February 2016
This paper investigates historical changes in both single-year-of-age adult mortality rates and variation of the single-year mortality rates around expected values within age intervals over the past two centuries in 15 developed countries. We apply an inte ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
The growth in interest in the biodemography of human aging, health, and longevity is motivated by the desire to better understand the factors and mechanisms responsible for age patterns and time trends in human mortality rates and survival curves. The avai ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Age is a major risk factor for phenotypes characterizing human health, well-being, and survival in late life. The risks of these phenotypes expressed in forms of pathological dysregulation of physiological functions, incidence or prevalence of diseases, ca ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
The analyses conducted in Part I did not exhaust all factors affecting age patterns of age-related changes in health and mortality. They actually provided a strong rationale for conducting more detailed analyses which require advanced methods of mathematic ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Longitudinal data play a pivotal role in discovering different aspects of knowledge related to aging, health, and longevity. There are many statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data, which is one of the most prolific areas of statistical sc ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Life expectancy in humans worldwide has been experiencing dramatic increases for the past two centuries (Oeppen and Vaupel 2002). In most countries, the extension of lifespan is associated with a transition from a long historical period of high fertility a ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
It is well known from epidemiological research that values of indices describing physiological states at a given age may influence human morbidity and mortality risks. Studies of the connections between aging and life span suggest that the dynamic properti ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Decades of studies of candidate genes show that they are not linked to aging-related traits in a straightforward manner. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reached fundamentally the same conclusion by showing that traits in late life are li ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Various approaches to statistical model building and data analysis that incorporate unobserved heterogeneity are ubiquitous in different scientific disciplines. Frailty models introduce the concept of unobserved or hidden heterogeneity in survival analysis ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
A better understanding of relationships among human aging, health, and longevity requires integrative statistical methods capable of taking into account relevant knowledge accumulated in the field when extracting useful information from the data. In this c ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Despite broad interest in the mechanisms responsible for human aging and numerous efforts to identify factors contributing to morbidity, biological senescence, and longevity, these processes still remain elusive. This makes the systemic description of agin ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
The tremendous research potential of U.S. Medicare data for evaluation of current, and forecasting of future, patterns of aging-related diseases among older U.S. adults remains largely unexplored. In this chapter, we present and discuss the results of a se ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2016
Aging-related deterioration in health impacts an important economic component: the medical costs associated with disease diagnosis and treatment. Because almost all U.S. residents aged 65+ years old are covered by the Medicare system, prediction of future ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982) · November 2015
Previously, Reither et al. (2015) demonstrated that hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) models perform well when basic assumptions are satisfied. To contest this finding, Bell and Jones (2015) invent a data generating process (DGP) that borrows age, peri ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · September 2015
This study investigates an ill-posed problem (multicollinearity) in Hierarchical Linear Models from both the data and the model perspectives. We propose an intuitive, effective approach to diagnosing the presence of multicollinearity and its remedies in th ...
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Journal ArticlePopulation Research and Policy Review · June 24, 2015
As childhood overweight and obesity, especially its cohort component, can be viewed as the leading edge of future changes in the population prevalence of obesity, scholars are concerned about what temporal effects drive the rise of childhood overweight/obe ...
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Journal ArticleJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · April 2015
Logistic regression analysis based on data from 822 Han Chinese oldest old aged 92+ demonstrated that interactions between carrying FOXO1A-266 or FOXO3-310 or FOXO3-292 and tea drinking at around age 60 or at present time were significantly associated with ...
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Journal ArticleJ Aging Health · April 2015
OBJECTIVES: To better understand future home-based care needs and costs for disabled elders in China. METHOD: To further develop and apply the ProFamy extended cohort-component method and the most recent census and survey data. RESULTS: (a) Chinese disable ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982) · March 2015
Social scientists have recognized the importance of age-period-cohort (APC) models for half a century, but have spent much of this time mired in debates about the feasibility of APC methods. Recently, a new class of APC methods based on modern statistical ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2015
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite social indicator/wellbeing index. Its intellectual/disciplinary roots lie in welfare economics, development economics, and the social indicators movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The objective of the HDI is t ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2015
The editors of this volume have identified their goal as describing "… how research is really done, not just focusing on the end result-new methods or data sets” that is, to provide "… case studies, not of the innovations themselves, but of the thought pro ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
The tremendous reduction in fertility rates combined with baby boomers entering the labor force has resulted in a demographic “dividend” in China since the 1980s, which features a low child dependency ratio, still not-yet high elderly dependency ratio, and ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presents projections of households and living arrangements for the five decades from 2000 to 2050 with medium, small, and large family scenarios, for each of the 50 states, DC, six counties of Southern California, and the Minneapolis-St. Pa ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
One useful way to validate a projection model and computer program is to project between two past dates for which the observations are known, and then compare the observed data with the projected data. We assessed the accuracy of the ProFamy method and pro ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
This chapter discusses the data needed for household and living arrangements projections at the national or sub-national level employing the ProFamy extended cohort-component model. ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presents a substantial extension of the ProFamy model by introducing and estimating changes in older adults’ disability status as well as related home-based care costs, with an illustrative application to China. Our extended model combines ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
To provide a summarized profile of our work, we briefly review the major findings of the ProFamy approach’s methodological issues and empirical applications to the United States and China in Sects. 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.5. We then outline the limi ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
After you click “Data Preparation” in the main menu, you will get the Data Preparation sub-menu as shown in Fig. 17.1. We describe how to prepare input data for the base population, standard schedules, and summary measures in the following sections. ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Chapter 1 ended with a description of the origins of the extended cohort-component method for projections of a population classified by household types and living arrangements, as well as the associated software known as ProFamy. This chapter presents and ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented a simple method associated with the ProFamy projection model and software to project the annual pension deficit rate based on (1) The elderly dependency ratio determined by demographic factors of fertility, mortality and migration ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
This chapter presents a tutorial with detailed explanations to help users set up the projection model. You may simply use the example input data files that accompany the software to quickly go through the main steps. ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter, we apply the ProFamy extended cohort-component model to project U.S. households by race from 2000 to 2050. We address important questions such as: How may demographic changes alter the number and proportion of different types and sizes of ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Forecasts of household vehicle consumption are important for automobile market analyses and related socioeconomic planning. This chapter employs the ProFamy extended cohort-component method to project household vehicle consumption from 2000 to 2025 across ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented the dynamics of household and living arrangements in the Eastern, Middle, and Western regions of China. The results showed that, if the current age distribution of rural-to-urban migrants with a high concentration of young people ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Chapter 15 presented households and housing demand projections in rural and urban areas of Hebei, a province with 72 million residents and a median level of socioeconomic development in China, using the most recent census and other data and the ProFamy ext ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter, we projected numbers of activities-of-daily-living disabled elderly and yearly payments and workdays of home-based care for them by age, gender, race, and living arrangements from 2010 to 2050 for the United States (with low, medium, and h ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Demographers have developed likely scenarios of changes in family households for many national and sub-national populations during the twenty-first century. These anticipated demographic changes will alter the number and proportion of different kinds of ho ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Our projection study demonstrated that, while the population in China will be aging at a rapid speed and to a huge scale, particularly the oldest-old aged 80+, Chinese family households will continue to contract to a substantially smaller average size in t ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented and discussed the basic concepts and methodology for applying the ProFamy approach in combination with ratio methods (including the constant-share and shift-share ratio methods) to project household and living arrangement projecti ...
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Book · December 16, 2013
The Extended Cohort-Component Method and Applications to the U.S. and
China Yi Zeng, Kenneth C Land, Danan Gu, ... Chapter 6 Household and Living
Arrangement Projections at the Small Area Level 6.1 Basic Concepts to Apply the
... ...
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Journal ArticleAsian Journal of Criminology · September 1, 2013
This study aims to (1) explore perceptions of property crime at the neighborhood level and their correlates based on a random sample from Guangzhou, China and (2) assess the applicability of collective efficacy theory in contemporary urban China. Since the ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · June 2013
This article presents the core methodological ideas and empirical assessments of an extended cohort-component approach (known as the "ProFamy model"), and applications to simultaneously project household composition, living arrangements, and population siz ...
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Journal ArticleChild Indicators Research · June 1, 2013
This article develops a comprehensive composite state-level index of child well-being modeled after the Foundation for Child Development's Child Well-Being Index (CWI) to assess state differences in child well-being among the 50 U.S. states in 2007. The st ...
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Journal ArticleChild Indicators Research · March 1, 2013
Using a nationally representative dataset, this study analyzes: 1) 12th grade trends, patterns, and changes in bullying victimization in the United States from the 1989 to the 2009 school years, and 2) the differential impacts of demographic, social, and e ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2013
Conventional linear regression models assume homoscedastic error terms. This assumption often is violated in empirical applications. Various methods for evaluating the extent of such violations and for adjusting the estimated model parameters if necessary ...
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Journal ArticleSocial forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation · January 2013
In recently developed hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) models, inferential questions arise: How can one assess or judge the significance of estimates of individual cohort and period effects in such models? And how does one assess the overall statistic ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods & Research · August 2012
To test for group differences in growth trajectories in mixed (fixed and random effects) models, researchers frequently interpret the coefficient of Group-by-Time product terms. While this practice is straightforward in linear mixed models, it is ...
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Journal ArticleRejuvenation research · August 2012
BackgroundIn genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human life span, none of the genetic variants has reached the level of genome-wide statistical significance. The roles of such variants in life span regulation remain unclear.Data and meth ...
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Book · June 20, 2012
This volume attests to that evolution, and what the CWI promises for understanding the progress – or lack of progress – in enhancing the life prospects of all American children. ...
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Journal ArticlePhysics of life reviews · June 2012
A better understanding of processes and mechanisms linking human aging with changes in health status and survival requires methods capable of analyzing new data that take into account knowledge about these processes accumulated in the field. In this paper, ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · May 2012
Cantor and Land (1985) developed a theoretical model that proposed two pathways through which economic activity - as indexed by the aggregate unemployment rate - could affect the rate of criminal activity. The first is by increasing levels of criminal moti ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · March 2012
Variance function regression models and demographic decomposition methods are applied to identify two dimensions of changes in health disparities (SES-demographic effects vs. compositional effects, between-group disparities vs. within-group disparities) in ...
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Book · January 1, 2012
The aim of the Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research is to create an overview of the field of Quality of Life (QOL) studies in the early years of the 21st century that can be updated and improved upon as the field evolves and the centu ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2012
Every generation of adults, and American adults in particular, has been concerned about the well-being of their children and youth (Moore 1999). From the stagflation and socially turbulent days of the 1970s in the US through the decline of the rust belt in ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican sociological review · December 2011
Two long-standing research problems of interest to sociologists are sources of variations in social inequalities and differential contributions of the temporal dimensions of age, time period, and cohort to variations in social phenomena. Recently, scholars ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · September 2011
In this paper, we consider the following question for the analysis of data obtained in longitudinal panel designs: How should repeated-measures data be modeled and interpreted when the outcome or dependent variable is dichotomous and the objective is to de ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods and Research · August 1, 2011
In studying temporally ordered rates of events, epidemiologists, demographers, and social scientists often find it useful to distinguish three different temporal dimensions, namely, age (age of the participants involved), time period (the calendar year or ...
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Journal ArticleAging cell · June 2011
Progress in unraveling the genetic origins of healthy aging is tempered, in part, by a lack of replication of effects, which is often considered a signature of false-positive findings. We convincingly demonstrate that the lack of genetic effects on an agin ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · February 2011
This study examines and further develops the classic Strehler-Mildvan (SM) general theory of mortality and aging. Three predictions from the SM theory are tested by examining the age dependence of mortality patterns for 42 countries (including developed an ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · February 1, 2011
With a focus on the United States, this paper addresses the basic social indicators question: How are we doing? More specifically, with respect to children, how are our kids (including adolescents and youths) doing? These questions can be addressed by comp ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 2011
This study applies latent trajectory methods to the analysis of temporal changes in homicide rates among large US cities across recent decades. Specifically, annual homicide rates for 157 large US cities are analyzed for the 30 years from 1976 to 2005. We ...
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Journal ArticleHomicide Studies · August 1, 2010
As the 20-year mark since the publication of an article by Kenneth C. Land, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence Cohen, "Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?" approaches, the question that these schol ...
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Journal ArticleMechanisms of ageing and development · May 2010
The Gln(27)Glu polymorphism but not the Arg(16)Gly polymorphism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene appears to be associated with a broad range of aging-associated phenotypes, including cancers at different sites, myocardial infarction (MI), inte ...
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Journal ArticleRejuvenation research · February 2010
Multiple functions of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes warrant studies of their associations with aging-related phenotypes. We focus on multimarker analyses and analyses of the effects of compound genotype ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican journal of community psychology · December 2009
This study examined socioeconomic factors associated with the presence of workplaces belonging to industries reported to be at high risk for worker homicide. The proportion of 2004 North Carolina workplaces in high-risk industries was computed following sp ...
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Journal ArticleCriminology · November 1, 2009
Does the death penalty save lives? In recent years, a new round of research has been using annual time-series panel data from the 50 U.S. states for 25 or so years from the 1970s to the late 1990s that claims to find many lives saved through reductions in ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2009
After more than a generation of deregulation and a presidential declaration that the “era of big government is over, ” the political pendulum has apparently begun to swing back toward regulation. Calls for effective government action, long subdued, have gr ...
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Journal ArticleExperimental gerontology · December 2008
The traditional sex morbidity-mortality paradox that females have worse health but better survival than males is based on studies of major health traits. We applied a cumulative deficits approach to study this paradox, selecting 34 minor health deficits co ...
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Chapter · December 1, 2008
Demography of aging is a subfield of demography that focuses on the older members of a population as well as the processes and consequences of population aging. Research in the demography of aging examines a number of topics, including the state and status ...
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Journal ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · October 2008
We evaluated the predictive potential for long-term (24-year) survival and longevity (85+ years) of an index of cumulative deficits (DI) and six physiological indices (pulse pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, serum cholesterol, blood glucose, ...
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Journal ArticleAnnals of epidemiology · September 2008
PurposeHealth of the general population is improving along a number of major health dimensions. Using a cumulative deficits approach, we investigated whether such improvements were evident at the level of minor health traits.MethodsWe sel ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society · May 2008
ObjectivesTo compare how well frailty measures based on a phenotypic frailty approach proposed in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and a cumulative deficits approach predict mortality.DesignCohort study.SettingThe main cohor ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican Journal of Sociology · May 1, 2008
A new approach to the statistical estimation of age-period-cohort (APC) accounting models, called the intrinsic estimator (IE), recently has been developed. This article (1) further describes the IE algebraically, geometrically, and verbally, (2) reviews p ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods and Research · February 1, 2008
Yang and Land (2006) and Yang (forthcoming-b) developed a mixed (fixed and random) effects model for the age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of micro data sets in the form of a series of repeated cross-section sample surveys that are increasingly available to ...
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Journal ArticleRejuvenation research · February 2008
Major musculoskeletal conditions including arthritis represent an increasing burden on individuals and societies. We analyzed the association between self-reported arthritis and mortality in the U.S. elderly disabled and non-disabled individuals using uniq ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society · January 2008
ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 9-year mortality in older (> or = 65) Americans with and without disability.DesignCohort study.SettingThe unique disability-focused National Long Term Ca ...
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Journal ArticleExperimental gerontology · October 2007
Cross-sectional analyses show that an index of aging-associated health/well-being deficits, called the "frailty index", can characterize the aging process in humans. This study provides support for such characterization from a longitudinal analysis of the ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · August 2007
Based on unique data from the largest-ever sample of the Chinese oldest-old aged 80 and older, our multivariate logistic regression analyses show that either receiving adequate medical service during sickness in childhood or never/rarely suffering from ser ...
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Journal ArticleMechanisms of ageing and development · March 2007
BackgroundWe employ an approach based on the elaborated frailty index (FI), which is capable of taking into account variables with mild effect on the aging, health and survival outcomes, and investigate the connections between the FI, chronologica ...
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ConferenceSociological Methods and Research · January 1, 2007
The authors consider how to construct summary indices (e.g., quality-of-life [QOL] indices) for a social unit that will be endorsed by a majority of its citizens. They assume that many social indicators are available to describe the social unit, but indivi ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methodology · December 1, 2006
We develop a mixed (fixed and random effects) models approach to the age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of micro data sets in the form of a series of the repeated cross-section sample surveys that are increasingly available to sociologists. This approach rec ...
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Journal Article · December 1, 2006
This chapter reviews some major directions and findings from recent research on morbidity, disability, and mortality among adults and the elderly. One of the findings is that during the last two decades of the 20th century, the United States continued to e ...
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Journal ArticleMechanisms of ageing and development · November 2006
BackgroundAn index of age-associated health/well-being disorders (deficits), called the "frailty index" (FI), appears to be a promising characteristic to capture dynamic variability in aging manifestations among age-peers. In this study we provide ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · March 1, 2006
Educational and psychological researchers have long debated the relationship between retention and achievement. However, quantitative research on achievement trajectories has neglected this important variable. Given that retention policies are being instit ...
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Journal Article · September 27, 2005
To better understand mortality change with age capturing the variability in
individuals' rates of aging, we performed comprehensive analysis of statistical
properties of a cumulative index of age-associated disorders (deficits), called
a "frailty index" (F ...
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Journal Article · September 25, 2005
Background: The relative contribution of different aging-associated processes
to the age phenotype may differ among individuals, creating variability in
aging manifestations among age-peers. Capturing this variability can
significantly advance understandin ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · January 1, 2005
The question of whether boys or girls (and young males and females) have been doing better in terms of their well-being in the United States has been a point of sometimes rancorous debate among feminist and other scholars in recent decades. But suprisingly ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · August 2004
In September 2002, a technical working group met to resolve previously published inconsistencies across national surveys in trends in activity limitations among the older population. The 12-person panel prepared estimates from five national data sets and i ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · June 2004
Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending into the early 1990s, the United States experienced a wave of increased youth violence and teenage pregnancy. Nevin (2000) proffers a cohort-based explanation that these trends can be attributed to corresponding tre ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · June 2004
This paper tests predictions of continuity and change in antisocial behavior over time as derived from population heterogeneity and life-course perspectives. These predictions are assessed with respect to a rarely studied form of delinquent/criminal behavi ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · May 2004
This article demonstrates that disabled life expectancies that are based on conventional multistate life-table methods are significantly underestimated because of the assumption of no changes in functional status between age x and death. We present a new m ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methodology · January 1, 2004
Age-period-cohort (APC) accounting models have long been objects of attention in statistical studies of human populations. It is well known that the identification problem created by the linear dependency of age, period, and cohort (Period= Age + Cohort or ...
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Journal ArticleLaw and Society Review · January 1, 2004
Recent Supreme Court decisions have signaled the need for sound empirical studies of the secondary effects of adult businesses on the surrounding areas for use in conjunction with local zoning restrictions. This study seeks to determine whether a relations ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methodology · December 1, 2003
Proportional hazards models are powerful methods for the analysis of dynamic social processes and are widely used in sociology to estimate the effects of covariates on event timing (e.g., time to arrest, birth, marriage). The proper statistical modeling of ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Quantitative Criminology · December 1, 2002
Applications of latent class analyses to the study of criminal careers have yielded results with implications for criminological theory. Distinct latent classes of individuals within various samples have been identified based upon the similarity of individ ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · May 2002
We show that the observed changes in the period tempo of fertility are biased and derive a new formula for adjusting such bias. We present illustrative applications of our proposed method to the cases of the United States and Taiwan. We then describe the r ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Quantitative Criminology · December 1, 2001
Several ways in which the specification of the Cantor and Land (1985) conceptual model of transient relationships between aggregate unemployment and crime rate fluctuations differs from that of Greenberg (2001) are noted. It follows that we do not accept G ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · February 2001
Our sensitivity analysis shows that the adjusted TFR'(t) using the formula of Bongaarts and Feeney (1998), which assumes an invariant shape for the fertility schedule, usually does not differ significantly from an adjusted TFR"(t) that allows the shape of ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods & Research · 2001
Previous methodological research has shown that hidden heterogeneity in hazard rate regression models—in the form of systematic differences between sample members in the risk or hazard of making a transition due to unobserved variables not accounted for by ...
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Journal ArticleBulletin De Methodologie Sociologique · January 1, 2001
A number of governments and public policy institutes have developed “Quality of Life Indexes” (QOL) statistics that attempt to measure the quality of life for entire states or regions. We develop 14 criteria for determining the validity and usefulness of s ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods and Research · January 1, 2001
Previous methodological research has shown that hidden heterogeneity in hazard rate regression models - in the form of systematic differences between sample members in the risk or hazard of making a transition due to unobserved variables not accounted for ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Forces · January 1, 2001
Returning to themes of Land (1971a) and Land (1971b), this article addresses topics in formal sociological models and the definition, construction, and interpretation of social indicators. I show how standard classes of formalisms used to construct models ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · January 1, 2001
This paper addresses the following questions: Overall, on average, how did child and youth well-being in the United States of America change in the last quarter of the 20th century? Did it improve or deteriorate? By how much? In which domains or areas of s ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · August 2000
An increment-decrement stochastic-process life table model that continuously mixes measures of functional change is developed to represent age transitions among highly refined disability states interacting simultaneously with mortality. The model is applie ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Indicators Research · January 1, 2000
How dependent is life expectancy at age 65 on one’s degree of disability or specific types of functional limitations? Are there significant sex differences? For closed-cohorts of males and females in different disability/functional-status status at age 65, ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 2000
Recent criminal victimization studies have emphasized the interrelationship between individual and structural effects in explaining individuals' risks of victimization. But extant contextual victimization studies have yet to incorporate cross-city comparis ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of biosocial science · January 1999
The status of women, which is relative and multidimensional, has an important bearing on any long-term reduction in fertility. In Indian society, where cohabitation and childbearing are socially sanctioned only after marriage, the length of the first-birth ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican Sociological Review · January 1, 1998
We examine the factors affecting the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) during early transition to a market economy. Data come from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of Bulgarian SOEs for the period from 1989 (the last year under c ...
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Journal ArticleJ Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci · January 1998
Few investigations of the social correlates of depressive symptomatology have addressed variation in the correlates across multiple dimensions of depression scales. We examined the relationships of selected social, clinical, and demographic correlates with ...
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Journal ArticleAmerican Journal of Sociology · January 1, 1998
This article reviews questions about different categories of criminal careers, summarizes Poisson latent class regression models, describes procedures for evaluating the optimal number of latent classes, and applies this methodology to data from male cohor ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods and Research · January 1, 1997
This article reports empirical explorations of how well the predictive mean matching method for imputing missing data works for an often problematic variable - income -when income is used as an explanatory variable in a substantive regression model. It is ...
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Journal ArticleSocial science research · December 1996
This paper reports microlevel Tobit regression analyses of sociodemographic covariates of the life course accumulation of total household net worth data in eight waves of five distinct panels-spanning over 6 years from late 1984 through early 1991-of the S ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · June 3, 1996
This study extends previous research on the effects of victimization in terms of fear of crime and constrained behavior by examining both micro- and macrolevel factors. In particular, we address the way in which contextual indicators of ambient risk can af ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods & Research · 1996
Specifications and moment properties of the univariate Poisson and negative binomial distributions are briefly reviewed and illustrated. Properties and limitations of the corresponding poisson and negative binomial (gamma mixtures of Poissons) regression m ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods and Research · January 1, 1996
Specifications and moment properties of the univariate Poisson and negative binomial distributions are briefly reviewed and illustrated. Properties and limitations of the corresponding Poisson and negative binomial (gamma mixtures of Poissons) regression m ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Quantitative Criminology · January 1, 1996
Much recent research and debate in criminology have centered around how to conceptualize and model longitudinal sequences of delinquent and criminal acts committed by individuals. Two approaches dominate this controversy. One originates in the criminal car ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Forces · January 1, 1996
The conceptualization and measurement of fear of crime have received considerable attention in the research literature. Nevertheless, most sample surveys use indicators that only tap a general, cognitive assessment of safety - assumed to represent fear of ...
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Journal ArticleSocial biology · September 1994
There are few studies of the interrelationships among breastfeeding, child spacing, and child mortality in traditional societies that incorporate extensive controls for social and demographic characteristics of the mother and child. In this paper, we inves ...
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Journal ArticleEvaluation Review · August 1994
This article examines and compares the advantages of employing logistic and hazards regression techniques in assessing both the overall impact of a treatment program and the extent to which the impact varies among different client subgroups. Data ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of biosocial science · July 1994
The traditional preference for sons may be the main hindrance to India's current population policy of two children per family. In this study, the effects of various sociodemographic covariates, particularly sex preference, on the length of the third birth ...
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Journal ArticleDemography · May 1994
A fundamental limitation of current multistate life table methodology-evident in recent estimates of active life expectancy for the elderly-is the inability to estimate tables from data on small longitudinal panels in the presence of multiple covariates (s ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of biosocial science · April 1994
This paper investigates the effects of continued breast-feeding after resumption of menses on fertility, using data from two retrospective surveys in India and single decrement life table and multivariate time-dependent hazards analyses. Breast-feeding eve ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 1994
Disaggregation of suicide trends by age, sex, and race reveals that, since World War II, the most dramatic changes have occurred among white males at the adolescent, young adult, and elderly ages. This study utilizes social indicator time series regression ...
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Journal ArticleTechnological Forecasting and Social Change · January 1, 1994
In this paper we undertake a comparison of the productive efficiency of a set of West European market economies and a set of East European planned economies. We employ the techniques of chance-constrained data envelopment analysis to conduct the comparison ...
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Journal ArticleCriminology · January 1, 1994
Recent contextual analyses of victimization survey data are extended by application of hierarchical logistic model techniques. Using a multi‐stage sample of 5,090 Seattle residents, we estimate models for individuals' risks of violent crime and burglary vi ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Forum · December 1, 1993
Recent research on the expansion of overall church membership in the United States has led to conflicting conclusions as to whether religious diversity or monopoly increases participation. This investigation helps resolve the debate by distinguishing among ...
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Journal ArticleHuman biology · October 1993
The length of the first birth interval is one of the strongest and most persistent factors affecting fertility in noncontracepting populations, with longer intervals usually associated with lower fertility. Compared to Western society, the average length o ...
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Journal ArticleN Engl J Med · July 8, 1993
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Persons of low socioeconomic status are known to have reduced life expectancy. In a study of the relation of socioeconomic status to disability-free or active life expectancy among older persons, we analyzed prospectively gathered d ...
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Journal ArticleSocial biology · March 1993
There is considerable variation in the length of the postpartum amenorrhea during which breastfeeding suppresses fertility, both within and between societies. In this paper, we investigate the association between breastfeeding and the resumption of menses ...
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Journal ArticleSociological Methods & Research · February 1993
Rubin (1977) developed a method for estimating, in a subjective sense, the effect of nonignorable nonresponse in sample surveys. Based on Bayesian techniques, this method produces a subjective probability interval for the statistic, such as the me ...
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Journal ArticleCriminology · January 1, 1993
This article addresses three issues that are central to the criminal career debate. First, is the life course of individual offending patterns marked by distinctive periods of quiescence? Second, at the level of the individual, do offending rates vary syst ...
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Journal ArticleJanasamkhya · December 1992
"The female age at marriage is an important variable in the human reproduction process--especially in traditional societies in which almost all births occur within the marital context. This paper uses the Type I extreme value distribution to describe the f ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 1992
This paper focuses on the period in U.S. history that experienced the most rapid rate of increase of church membership-the decades between 1850 and 1930-in order to explain synchronic and diachronic variation in those rates. Using pooled cross-sectional ti ...
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Journal ArticlePublic Opinion Quarterly · March 1, 1991
Elements of the legal test for obscenity of sexually explicit material indicted in a criminal case are examined. A cross-section of residents of Mecklenburg County (Charlotte, NC) were randomly assigned to view either one of the sexually explicit films and ...
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Journal ArticleEvaluation Review · December 1990
Recently, the state of North Carolina has supported a randomized experimental project designed to provide intensive supervision services for undisciplined youths (status offenders or youths referred to the courts for runaway, truant, or ungovernab ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Statistical Association · January 1, 1989
Using current and retrospective school-enrollment data from October Current Population Surveys (CPS’s) together with demographic accounts for the U.S. civilian noninstitutional population, this study specifies new methods for the estimation of school-life ...
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Journal ArticleClimatic Change: An International Journal Devoted to the Description, Causes and Implications of Climatic Change · 1987
The 14 papers in the volume are arranged in sections that: 1) describe the organizational and political context of applied forecasting; 2) review the state-of-the-art for many forecasting models and methods; and 3) discuss issues of predictability, the imp ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Statistical Association · December 1986
"Three widely used classes of methods for forecasting national populations are reviewed: demographic accounting/cohort-component methods for long-range projections, statistical time series methods for short-range forecasts, and structural modeling methods ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of the American Statistical Association · March 1986
The authors first note that current official U.S. population estimates and projections are based on the assumption that certain characteristics of the institutionalized population remain constant between censuses. The article "examines the empirical valid ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the International Conference on the Future of Public Administration, Volume IV: Planning and Forecasting in Public Organizations · 1980Cite
Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 1980
The hypothesis that the structure of the forces that affect male and female labor force participation rates are distinct has been corroborated in numerous studies using microdata. This paper examines the validity of this structural distinctiveness hypothes ...
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Journal ArticleSocial Science Research · January 1, 1977
This paper presents an integrated 21-equation model of how marriage, family, and population conditions, as indexed by macro social indicators, affect each other and are affected by other social, demographic, and economic forces. An opportunity structures t ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Mathematical Sociology · July 1, 1971
A one-parameter exhaustible Poisson process model is formulated to represent the cumulative divorce trajectory of marriage cohorts. On the basis of recently published data of nine-year cumulative records of all one-year United States marriage cohorts, 1949 ...
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Scholarly Edition
Based on sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Han Chinese, 2,178 centenarians and 2,299 middle-aged controls, we identified 11 male- and 12 female-specific independent loci that are significantly associated with longevity (P&l ...
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