Journal ArticleGut Microbes · December 31, 2025
Oxalate, a compound derived from both diet and metabolism, contributes to multiple renal and vascular diseases. Certain gut bacteria degrade oxalate, limiting absorption and promoting secretion. This study examined microbial factors that influence the effe ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · August 2025
Hyperoxaluria is categorized as either primary (PH), enteric (EH), or idiopathic (IH). The PHs are a group of ultra-rare genetic disorders resulting in oxalate overproduction that can result in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Novel RNA inhibitory drugs are ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · August 2025
Introduction: Urine oxalate excretion influences the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation and has been reported to positively correlate with body mass index (BMI) and body weight. The two major sources of urine oxalate are dietary oxalate absorpt ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Nephrol · May 28, 2025
INTRODUCTION: Guidelines recommend that patients with a self-reported history of kidney stones or stones on imaging during living kidney donor (LKD) evaluation undergo 24-h urine stone risk testing. We examined eligibility decisions for LKD candidates at t ...
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Journal ArticleCurr Opin Nephrol Hypertens · May 1, 2025
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing throughout the world, affecting nearly one in three individuals. Kidney stone disease, which is also increasing, is associated with MASLD. Common risk factors ...
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Journal ArticleKidney International Reports · May 1, 2025
Introduction: Oxalate-degrading intestinal bacteria, including the oxalate-degrading specialist, Oxalobacter formigenes (O formigenes), have the potential to reduce urinary oxalate excretion in humans, and thus limit the risk of calcium oxalate kidney ston ...
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Journal ArticleBjui Compass · October 1, 2024
Objectives: To analyse the presentation, management and long-term outcomes of renal transplant patients who formed kidney stones in their allograft. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for stone formation in this cohort. Materials and Methods: P ...
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Journal ArticleBiochemistry and Biophysics Reports · September 1, 2024
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 3 (PH3) results from 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate (HOG) aldolase (HOGA) deficiency, which causes an increase in endogenous oxalate synthesis leading to calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. The mechanisms underlying HOG metabolism an ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2024
Inflammation is thought to contribute to the etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). It is well-known that disruption in metabolism in immune cells contributes to inflammation in several inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Int · 2024
INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to analyze the presentation, management, and follow-up of renal transplant patients developing bladder calculi. METHODS: Patients who underwent renal transplant with postoperative follow-up at our institution were retrospect ...
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Journal ArticleClin J Am Soc Nephrol · December 1, 2023
Enteric hyperoxaluria is a medical condition characterized by elevated urinary oxalate excretion due to increased gastrointestinal oxalate absorption. Causative features include fat malabsorption and/or increased intestinal permeability to oxalate. Enteric ...
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Journal ArticleRedox Biol · November 2023
Oxalate is a small compound found in certain plant-derived foods and is a major component of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones. Individuals that consume oxalate enriched meals have an increased risk of forming urinary crystals, which are precursors to C ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · December 2022
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the financial toxicity (FT) related to kidney stone treatment. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study with multi-institutional in-person and online cohorts of stone formers. Participants were surveyed using the vali ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2022
The global obesity epidemic is affecting many areas of healthcare and is not sparing pediatrics. Some disease states, like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are becoming more prevalent in children as would be expected; however, other conditions are ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · September 2021
PURPOSE: We reviewed the available evidence regarding health disparities in kidney stone disease to identify knowledge gaps in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed®, Embase® and Scopus® limited to articles publis ...
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Journal ArticleAppl Environ Microbiol · August 26, 2021
Oxalobacter formigenes, a unique anaerobic bacterium that relies solely on oxalate for growth, is a key oxalate-degrading bacterium in the mammalian intestinal tract. Degradation of oxalate in the gut by O. formigenes plays a critical role in preventing re ...
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Journal ArticleClin J Am Soc Nephrol · March 8, 2021
Enteric hyperoxaluria is a distinct entity that can occur as a result of a diverse set of gastrointestinal disorders that promote fat malabsorption. This, in turn, leads to excess absorption of dietary oxalate and increased urinary oxalate excretion. Hyper ...
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Journal ArticleFront Immunol · 2021
UNLABELLED: Diet has been associated with several metabolic diseases and may impact immunity. Increased consumption of meals with high oxalate content may stimulate urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, which are precursors to CaOx kidney stones. We pre ...
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Journal ArticleBiochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis · January 1, 2021
The Primary Hyperoxalurias (PH) are rare disorders of metabolism leading to excessive endogenous synthesis of oxalate and recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), deficient in PH type 1, is a key enzyme in limitin ...
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Journal ArticleNutrients · December 28, 2020
Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of die ...
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Journal ArticleInt Urol Nephrol · September 2020
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) is associated with the risk of developing kidney stones. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of 1HPT amongst SF evaluated at a tertiary stone clinic and determine if it is cost-effec ...
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Journal ArticleBMC Nephrol · April 15, 2020
BACKGROUND: Patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH) often develop kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. Noninvasive urine markers reflective of active kidney injury could be useful to gauge the effectiveness of ongoing treatments. METHODS: A panel of ...
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Journal ArticleCurr Opin Urol · March 2020
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review of potential therapies in the treatment of hyperoxaluria is timely, given the current excitement with clinical trials and the mounting evidence of the importance of oxalate in both kidney stone and chronic kidney disease. RECE ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Physiol Renal Physiol · March 1, 2019
Dietary oxalate is plant-derived and may be a component of vegetables, nuts, fruits, and grains. In normal individuals, approximately half of urinary oxalate is derived from the diet and half from endogenous synthesis. The amount of oxalate excreted in uri ...
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Journal ArticleUrology Practice · January 1, 2019
Introduction: Compliance with 24-hour urine collections for assessing kidney stone risk is important in assigning preventive therapy. We determined factors associated with compliance and the impact of an intervention. Methods: In 2015 those patients requir ...
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Journal ArticleAsian Journal of Urology · October 1, 2018
The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing, afflicting 7%–11% of the United States population. Multiple systemic conditions, including obesity and diabetes, are also on the rise. Further, the literature has demonstrated a strong association betwe ...
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Journal ArticleRedox Biol · May 2018
Monocytes/macrophages are thought to be recruited to the renal interstitium during calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone disease for crystal clearance. Mitochondria play an important role in monocyte function during the immune response. We recently determine ...
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Journal ArticleCan J Urol · February 2018
INTRODUCTION: To determine if markers of kidney injury correlate with urinary oxalate excretion. If so, such biomarkers might be early predictors of oxalate nephropathy. Gastric bypass surgery for obesity is known to be associated with postoperative hypero ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2018
Pelvic kidneys result from the complete failure of ascension of the kidneys from their initial embryologic location anterior to the sacrum. Although most patients with pelvic kidneys are asymptomatic, some may have pain due to stones or hydronephrosis. The ...
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Journal ArticleWorld J Urol · September 2017
PURPOSE: The aim of this review was to provide current best evidence for evaluation, dietary, and medical management of patients with urolithiasis. METHODS: Literature addressing evaluation, dietary, and medical management of urolithiasis was searched. Pap ...
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Journal ArticleAdvances in Radiation Oncology · July 1, 2017
Purpose To present the most updated American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria formed by an expert panel on the appropriate delivery of external beam radiation to manage stage T1 and T2 prostate cancer (in the definitive setting and post- ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Oncol · February 2017
PURPOSE: To present the most updated American College of Radiology consensus guidelines formed from an expert panel on treatment of locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer METHODS:: The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidenc ...
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Journal ArticleBrachytherapy · 2017
PURPOSE: To provide updated American College of Radiology (ACR) appropriateness criteria for transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal interstitial permanent source brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The ACR appropriateness criteria are evidence-based ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · October 2016
PURPOSE: This Guideline is intended to provide a clinical framework for the surgical management of patients with kidney and/or ureteral stones. The summary presented herein represents Part I of the two-part series dedicated to Surgical Management of Stones ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · October 2016
PURPOSE: This Guideline is intended to provide a clinical framework for the surgical management of patients with kidney and/or ureteral stones. The summary presented herein represents Part II of the two-part series dedicated to Surgical Management of Stone ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · August 2016
OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of robotic anatrophic nephrolithotomy (RANL) using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) image-guidance for treating staghorn stones, in an in vivo stone surgery model. METHODS: We developed a novel technique of RANL in a pre ...
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Journal ArticleUrolithiasis · August 2016
In humans, approximately 60 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) breaks down in the body each day and has to be replaced by a dietary intake of 70 mg in women and 90 mg in men to maintain optimal health and AA homeostasis. The breakdown of AA is non-enzymatic and resu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 2016
PURPOSE: Renal function following percutaneous nephrolithotomy has long been a concern to urologists, especially in the setting of multi-tract access. We determined whether the risk of renal injury after multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy was greater ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · July 2016
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether mitochondrial function is altered in circulating immune cells from calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers compared to healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult healthy subjects (n = 18) and CaOx stone formers (n = 12) w ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · May 2016
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Urinary oxalate excretion is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and is a result of endogenous metabolism and gastrointestinal processes. Gastrointestinal absorption of oxalate has been well demonstrated but to our knowledge evidence ...
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Journal ArticleBJU Int · April 2016
OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of ureteric and renal stone treatment with ureteroscopy (URS) in patients with or without the placement of a preoperative JJ stent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) URS ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · April 2016
PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has high potential for morbidity or failure. There are limited data regarding risk factors for failure and to our knowledge no published reports of surgical outcomes in patients with prior failed attempts at percutaneo ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · February 2016
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glyoxal can be converted to oxalate in human erythrocytes. Glyoxal synthesis is elevated in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases with significant oxidative stress. Erythrocytes are a good model system for suc ...
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Journal ArticleUrolithiasis · February 2016
Dietary modifications should be considered as a first line approach in the treatment of idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. The amounts of oxalate and calcium consumed in the diet are significant factors in the development of the disease due to the ...
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Journal ArticleJ Am Soc Nephrol · October 2015
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by oxalate accumulation in the kidneys and other organs. Three loci have been identified: AGXT (PH1), GRHPR (PH2), and HOGA1 (PH3). Here, we compared genotype to phenotype in 35 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · January 2015
PURPOSE: Flexible ureteroscopy is rapidly becoming a first line therapy for many patients with renal and ureteral stones. However, current understanding of treatment outcomes in patients with isolated proximal ureteral stones is limited. Therefore, we perf ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · January 2015
BACKGROUND: The traditional endourology fellowship model includes advanced training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for both benign disease/kidney stones and oncology. We have anecdotally observed, however, that many former endourology fellows subspeci ...
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Journal ArticleOncology (Williston Park) · December 2014
The purpose of this article is to present an updated set of American College of Radiology consensus guidelines formed from an expert panel on the appropriate use of radiation therapy in postprostatectomy prostate cancer. The American College of Radiology A ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · October 2014
OBJECTIVE: To determine if fish oil supplementation reduces endogenous oxalate synthesis in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen healthy non-stone-forming adults participated in this study. Subjects first abstained from using vitamins, medicati ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · August 2014
PURPOSE: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis, prevention and follow-up of adult patients with kidney stones based on the best available published literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary source of eviden ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · July 2014
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There exist no global standards for defining patient outcomes in renal stone surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of reporting of outcomes in studies investigating percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Oncol · June 2014
PURPOSE: To present the most updated American College of Radiology consensus guidelines formed from an expert panel on the appropriate use of external-beam radiation to manage stage T1 and T2 prostate cancer. METHODS: The American College of Radiology Appr ...
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Journal ArticleBrachytherapy · 2014
PURPOSE: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy plays a potential curative role in the treatment of prostate cancer. An expert panel was convened to review the recent literature and reach a consensus on its appropriate clinical applications. METHODS AND MATERI ...
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Chapter · October 28, 2013
The best treatment for the majority of patients harboring large renal calculi is percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Stone volume and collecting system anatomy may make it necessary to undertake this procedure using a multi-access approach. Patient preparation, ...
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Journal ArticleCan J Urol · October 2013
INTRODUCTION: Certain dietary modifications limit the risk of stone recurrence. Compliance is an important component of dietary therapy for stone prevention, and self-efficacy is an important ingredient of compliance. We developed an internet program to fa ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · July 2013
OBJECTIVE: To determine if this trend toward calcium phosphate stone formation exists in children. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of medical records of 179 children managed at our medical center from 1992-2010 for whom stone analysis and other pert ...
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Journal ArticleUrolithiasis · June 2013
Oxalobacter formigenes is a unique intestinal organism that relies on oxalate degradation to meet most of its energy and carbon needs. A lack of colonization is a risk factor for calcium oxalate stone disease. Protection against calcium oxalate stone disea ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · April 2013
PURPOSE: This technology assessment addresses the optimal use of imaging in the evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected or documented ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search addressing 4 guiding questions was p ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · March 2013
UNLABELLED: Abstract Background and Purpose: Urinary oxalate excretion influences the development of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Urinary oxalate is derived from dietary sources and endogenous synthesis. Oxalate decarboxylase metabolizes oxalate and, if ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · February 2013
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing numbers of patients are receiving a diagnosis of thrombophilic conditions necessitating chronic anticoagulation therapy. The best management approach for such patients needing percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) has no ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transplant · 2013
BACKGROUND: Relationships between race/ethnicity, recipient medical insurance, and living donor kidney transplantation (LKT) are incompletely described. METHODS: Associations between medical insurance and LKT were assessed in 447 recipients at a southeaste ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transplant · 2013
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is more common in renal transplant and dialysis patients than the general population. However, RCC in transplanted kidneys is rare, and treatment has previously consisted of nephrectomy with a return to dialysis. There has been r ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · December 2012
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course, microbiology, and metabolic findings of 5 patients presenting to our institution with gas-containing renal stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 20-month period beginning in 2009, 5 patients were identified by ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · August 2012
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to prospectively compare operative and postoperative characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) compared with younger patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospectively c ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · June 2012
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the ratio of dietary calcium and oxalate consumption at mealtime affects gastrointestinal oxalate absorption and urinary oxalate excretion. METHODS: A study was conducted with 10 non-stone-forming adults placed on controlled ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · June 2012
OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity of 4 strains of Oxalobacter formigenes (Oxf) found in humans--HC1, Va3, CC13, and OxK--to varying concentrations of commonly prescribed antibiotics. Oxf gut colonization has been associated with a decreased risk of f ...
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Journal ArticleAdvances in Urology · May 21, 2012
Calcium oxalate kidney stones are a common condition affecting many people in the United States. The concentration of oxalate in urine is a major risk factor for stone formation. There is evidence that glyoxal metabolism may be an important contributor to ...
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Journal ArticleCurr Opin Urol · March 2012
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes the relationship between nephrolithiasis, vascular disease and metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increasing evidence that kidney stone formation is associated with a number of systemic problems including ...
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Chapter · December 1, 2011
Patients with nephrolithiasis can develop ureteral stricture or sustain ureteral injury during attempts at stone removal. While some of these can be addressed with an endourologic approach, certain patients will need to undergo a major ureteral reconstruct ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · September 2011
OBJECTIVE: To establish the baseline preoperative prevalence of Oxalobacter formigenes (OF) colonization in a cohort of obese patients scheduled for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and determine the effect of OF colonization on urinary oxalate excretion. I ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 2011
PURPOSE: Enteric colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes, a bacterium whose main energy source is oxalate, has been demonstrated to decrease the risk of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. We assessed the impact of diets controlled in calciu ...
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Journal ArticleMetabolism · July 2011
Experiments in humans and rodents using oral doses of glycine and phenylalanine have suggested that the metabolism of these amino acids contributes to urinary oxalate excretion. To better define this contribution, we have examined the primed, constant infu ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transplant · 2011
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to characterize differences in donor and recipient relationships between African American (AA) and Caucasian living kidney donors. METHODS: Data from all successful living kidney donors at a single institution between ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · January 2011
PURPOSE: To assess the current indications, perioperative morbidity, and stone-free outcomes for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) worldwide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) collected prospective d ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · January 1, 2011
Objectives: To better understand intestinal oxalate transport by correlating oxalate and sucralose absorption in idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. Oxalate has been hypothesized to undergo absorption in the large and small intestine by both paracell ...
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Journal ArticleTranspl Infect Dis · December 2010
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare necrotizing infection of the kidney caused by gas-forming organisms, usually occurs in diabetic patients, and often requires nephrectomy for effective therapy. EPN is rarely reported in renal allografts, with on ...
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Journal ArticleHorm Metab Res · November 2010
Much attention has been recently directed at fructose consumption because of its association with obesity and subsequent development of chronic diseases. It was recently reported that an increased fructose intake increases the risk of forming kidney stones ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · October 2010
OBJECTIVES: Malabsorptive bariatric procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) place patients at risk for developing kidney stones. Stone risk factors after purely restrictive procedures such as gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy are not well c ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · October 2010
The treatment of urinary lithiasis has been revolutionized during the last three decades. Minimally invasive therapies in the form of endoscopic surgery in companion with the advent of shock wave lithotripsy have diminished the role of open stone surgery. ...
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Journal ArticleSurg Endosc · July 2010
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) have proved to be safe and effective ways of managing common bile duct (CBD) stones. Clearance of large or impacted CBD stones by routin ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transplant · 2010
INTRODUCTION: Although African Americans (AA) are considered higher risk kidney donors than Caucasians, limited data are available regarding outcomes of AA donors. METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective review of all kidney donors from 1993 to ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · April 2009
PURPOSE: Kidney stone formation is influenced by environmental factors, especially diet. Certain dietary modifications, including increased fluid intake, reduced animal protein and sodium consumption, and normal calcium intake, reduce the risk of stone act ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · April 2009
High animal protein intake is a risk factor for calcium oxalate stone disease. The effect of dietary protein on the urinary excretion of calcium, acid and citrate is well established. However, its effect on oxalate excretion is unclear, due in part to an i ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · March 2009
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fluid consumption has been demonstrated to influence kidney stone formation. Studies have shown that consumption of cola may be a risk factor for stone disease, while fluids containing citric acid may attenuate stone activity. Diet ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2009
Patients with acute colic due to renal or ureteral stones need to be promptly evaluated so that the diagnosis can be established and treatment instituted. The components of this evaluation process include history, physical examination, laboratory studies, ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · January 2009
PURPOSE: Recent investigations have shown increased oxalate excretion in patients in whom kidney stones formed after contemporary bariatric surgery. We determined whether there is an increased prevalence of hyperoxaluria after such procedures performed in ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transplant · 2009
BACKGROUND: African Americans (AA) and women are less likely to receive a live kidney donor (LKD) transplant than Caucasians or men. Reasons for non-donation are poorly understood. METHODS: A retrospective review of 541 unsuccessful LKD was performed to ex ...
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Journal ArticleAdv Chronic Kidney Dis · January 2009
We reviewed the literature on the surgical treatment of urolithiasis. All prospective, randomized trials on the surgical treatment of stone disease were reviewed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is superior to shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or open surgery ...
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ConferenceInternational Journal of Urology · December 1, 2008
Preface: We are heartily grateful for the warm support of all of the people concerned, including the moderators and panelists of both societies for giving us the opportunity to hold the 3rd American Urological Association/Japanese Urological Association (A ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · June 2008
PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of urinary dipstick testing for pH manipulation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three commercial brands of dipstick paper were used to measure the pH of 100 fresh urine specimens from patients with urologic diseases. Thes ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · May 2008
PURPOSE: The optimal management of lower pole renal calculi is controversial. We compared shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) for the treatment of patients with small lower pole stones in a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. MATERI ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · April 2008
OBJECTIVES: To define the role of laparoscopic stone surgery in current urologic practice. METHODS: All cases of laparoscopic surgery for renal calculus disease performed at a single institution during a 2-year period were reviewed. A total of 449 stone-re ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · March 2008
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Knowledge of the citric acid content of beverages may be useful in nutrition therapy for calcium urolithiasis, especially among patients with hypocitraturia. Citrate is a naturally-occurring inhibitor of urinary crystallization; ach ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · November 2007
PURPOSE: The intestinal organism Oxalobacter formigenes is unique in using oxalate as its primary carbon and energy source. Intestinal colonization with O. formigenes may have clinical significance by decreasing intestinal oxalate and its absorption, there ...
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Journal ArticleBJU Int · September 2007
OBJECTIVE: To assess possible underlying metabolic abnormalities in three sets of monozygotic twins, to evaluate the interplay among the factors of kidney stone formation, a complex multifactorial process influenced by environmental, genetic and anatomical ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · August 2007
Cystinuria is a monogenic disorder in which there is a transepithelial transport defect of di-basic amino acids, including cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine (COLA). This results in diminished reabsorption of these amino acids in both the intestine a ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · June 2007
The renal handling and intestinal absorption of dietary oxalate are believed to be risk factors for calcium oxalate stone formation. In this study, we have examined the time and dose effects of soluble oxalate loads on the intestinal absorption and renal h ...
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Journal ArticleCurr Opin Urol · March 2007
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent studies in nephrolithiasis have investigated why stones form, improvements in medical therapy, and advances in surgical therapy. We outline recent research in these areas. RECENT FINDINGS: We describe a series of articles characte ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · February 2007
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperuricosuria is a well-recognized risk factor for calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Some studies have demonstrated elevated urinary uric acid excretion in stone formers compared with non-stone-forming controls; nevertheless, these st ...
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ConferenceAip Conference Proceedings · January 1, 2007
Urinary oxalate is mostly derived from the absorption of ingested oxalate and endogenous synthesis. The breakdown of vitamin C may also contribute small amounts to the urinary oxalate pool. The amount of oxalate absorbed is influenced by the oxalate conten ...
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Journal ArticleKidney Int · December 2006
Endogenous synthesis of oxalate is an important contributor to calcium oxalate stone formation and renal impairment associated with primary hyperoxaluria. Although the principal precursor of oxalate is believed to be glyoxylate, pathways in humans resultin ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · May 2006
Xanthine calculi are uncommonly encountered stones. When they occur, they typically do so in association with inborn metabolic disorders such as hereditary xanthinuria or Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. They may also occur in association with states of profound hype ...
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Journal ArticleInt Braz J Urol · 2006
PURPOSE: To review the use of repetitive stenting in the management of patients with ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation, with an emphasis on technique and functional graft outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five adult renal allograft recipients ...
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ConferenceUrol Res · November 2005
The primary hyperoxalurias are rare, inherited diseases which commonly manifest early in life as urolithiasis. As these patients often present to the urologic surgeon, it is imperative that urologists understand the typical presentation, diagnosis, and man ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · September 2005
PURPOSE: Dietary oxalate makes a significant contribution to urinary oxalate excretion and, thus, may have a role in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Studies have indicated that the ingestion of oxalate rich foods results in transient increases in p ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · June 2005
PURPOSE: The optimal management of lower pole renal calculi is controversial. We compared shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) for the treatment of patients with small lower pole stones in a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. MATERI ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · March 2005
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypocitraturia, an important risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, is the result of numerous factors. We studied citrate excretion by patients with and without stones consuming normal and controlled formula diets. SUBJECT ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · February 2005
OBJECTIVES: To review our experience with ureteroscopy in treating patients with renal calculi in anomalous kidneys and to evaluate the efficacy of this approach. METHODS: Eight patients with renal calculi in anomalous kidneys who were managed by ureterosc ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · January 2005
OBJECTIVES: To report our contemporary experience with ureterocalicostomy to determine whether the indications or results have changed in modern practice. Ureterocalicostomy is a well-established treatment for patients with complicated ureteropelvic juncti ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Physiol Cell Physiol · November 2004
Oxalate synthesis in human hepatocytes is not well defined despite the clinical significance of its overproduction in diseases such as the primary hyperoxalurias. To further define these steps, the metabolism to oxalate of the oxalate precursors glycolate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · October 2004
PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL) is commonly used to treat patients with complex renal calculi. A goal at our medical center is to discharge patients home less than 24 hours after PNL. We performed a study to determine factors that caused pat ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · October 2004
The role of dietary oxalate in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation remains unclear. However, due to the risk for stone disease that is associated with a low calcium intake, dietary oxalate is believed to be an important contributing factor. In this revi ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · July 2004
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of routine intraoperative frozen-section histologic analysis during partial nephrectomy to ensure negative surgical margins. Partial nephrectomy has gained acceptance for surgical treatment of small renal cancers. Many s ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · March 2004
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Horseshoe kidneys are a complex anatomic variant of fused kidneys, with a 20% reported incidence of associated calculi. Anatomic causes such as high insertion of the ureter on the renal pelvis and obstruction of the ureteropelvic ju ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · January 1, 2004
We describe 2 cases of spurious quartz-containing calculi; the first patient-driven and the second iatrogenic. An iatrogenic etiology can occur after the use of holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser energy because the fiber tip is composed of quartz. To ma ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · December 2003
OBJECTIVES: To review our contemporary experience with ileal ureter reconstruction. Despite advancements in surgical technology and technical expertise, ureteral injuries continue to occur. These injuries can be extensive, and ileal ureter reconstruction m ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 2003
PURPOSE: Access for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL) using conventional fluoroscopic guidance may carry an increased risk of damage to surrounding organs in patients with renal calculi and aberrant anatomy. In these situations cross-sectional anatomic ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 2003
PURPOSE: Percutaneous treatment of patients with calculi in a horseshoe kidney can be challenging due to the altered anatomical relationship in the retroperitoneum. Therefore, we performed a multi-institutional review to assess the safety and efficacy of t ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · February 2003
Patients with nephrolithiasis may have coexistent diseases that play a causative role in stone formation. A stone event may be the initial manifestation of the disorder and the urologist may play a major diagnostic role. Regulation or correction of the dis ...
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Journal ArticleClin Transpl · 2003
More than 1,100 transplants have been performed at WFUBMC, including 60 pediatric transplants and 40 pancreas transplants. The one-year living donor kidney graft survival rate exceeds 90% and the 2 year deceased donor kidney graft survival rate exceeds 80% ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 2002
PURPOSE: Patients with cystinuria frequently have recurrent renal calculi and may subsequently require multiple stone removing procedures during their lifetime which could have an impact on overall renal function. We determined the potential impact of cyst ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · April 2002
OBJECTIVES: To compare the current role of open stone surgery at our institution to previously reported data. In 1989, the indications for open surgical treatment of urinary calculi at our institution were reviewed. In the intervening years, tremendous adv ...
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Journal ArticleBrazilian Journal of Urology · January 1, 2002
Introduction: At one time, the standard treatment for patients with renal and ureteral calculi was open surgical lithotomy. Advances made in the past two decades have dramatically changed the way in which patients with urinary calculi are treated. In light ...
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Journal ArticleBJU Int · December 2001
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of (l)-2-oxothiaolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ, which reduces urinary oxalate excretion in normal subjects) in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in a phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two pat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · December 2001
PURPOSE: The efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous stone removal for the treatment of symptomatic lower pole renal calculi was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized, multicenter clinical trial was performed comparing sho ...
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Journal ArticleKidney Int · January 2001
BACKGROUND: The amount of oxalate excreted in urine has a significant impact on calcium oxalate supersaturation and stone formation. Dietary oxalate is believed to make only a minor (10 to 20%) contribution to the amount of oxalate excreted in urine, but t ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Endourology · January 1, 2001
Virtual endoscopy is a technique in which three-dimensional viewing of hollow structures is conducted through the utilization of high-resolution imaging and unique computer processing methods. The basic components of this technique and its applications for ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · January 2001
INTRODUCTION: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy is a procedure in which a parenchymal incision is made in an intersegmental plane, allowing removal of large renal calculi. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A flank incision is made and the kidney carefully mobilized. The ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · November 2000
Endoscopic therapy for the management of upper urinary tract TCC is mainly indicated for patients with an anatomically or functionally solitary kidney, renal insufficiency, bilateral tumors, or severe medical comorbidity. It may be a reasonable alternative ...
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Journal ArticleTech Urol · September 2000
PURPOSE: Performance of coagulation studies for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) has been advocated by some investigators. We performed a retrospective study to assess this practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 180 patie ...
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Journal ArticleCan Assoc Radiol J · June 2000
OBJECTIVE: To report one department's experience with helical computed tomographic (HCT) evaluation of patients with suspected renal colic to diagnose ureteral calculi; to determine whether there is a learning curve in performing HCT in this context; and t ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · May 2000
The data reviewed in this paper indicate that there is compelling direct and indirect evidence that certain dietary modifications can limit the risk for stone formation. Fluid therapy should be a front-line approach for all stone formers, because it is saf ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · November 1999
PURPOSE: We report a new type of drug-induced stone that is caused by overconsumption of preparations containing guaifenesin and ephedrine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and stone analysis data from the Molecular Structure Laboratory at the Veterans Affa ...
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ConferenceJ Am Soc Nephrol · November 1999
The pathways of oxalate synthesis in humans are not well defined despite their clinical significance in primary hyperoxaluria and idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, the functional roles, if any, of this synthesis have not been elucida ...
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Journal ArticleTech Urol · March 1999
Laparoscopy can be utilized in the management of male patients with impalpable gonads. However, there have been few reports of its application in the management of adult men with cryptorchidism. Fourteen adult men with 15 undescended testicles were referre ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · 1999
A case of a foreign body-induced renal stone in which the patient was treated successfully with a ureterorenoscopic approach is presented. ...
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Journal ArticleMuscle Nerve · December 1998
Injuries to the superior gluteal nerve (SGN) have been reported as a result of trauma, pyriformis muscle entrapment, injections, and lumbar lordosis and inadequate back stabilization. We report 3 patients who developed isolated SGN injuries, 1 after a part ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · November 1998
PURPOSE: We define the major pathways of hepatic oxalate synthesis in humans, examine the association with other metabolic pathways and identify ways that oxalate synthesis may be modified. In addition, we suggest what is required for further progress in t ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent Opinion in Urology · August 20, 1998
Idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Clearly identifiable risk factors for the disease that have a significant genetic influence are the excretions of calcium, oxalate and citrate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · April 1998
Spatial anatomy of the lower renal pole, as defined by the infundibulopelvic angle (LIP angle), infundibular length (IL), and infundibular width (IW), plays a significant role in the stone-free rate after shockwave lithotripsy. A wide LIP angle, a short IL ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · 1998
Several genes contribute to the development of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis as it is a polygenic disease. To explore the influence of genetic factors on oxalate excretion we have examined the distribution of oxalate excretions in 101 normal individuals ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · November 1997
PURPOSE: The American Urological Association convened the Ureteral Stones Clinical Guidelines Panel to analyze the literature regarding available methods for treating ureteral calculi and to make practice policy recommendations based on the treatment outco ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Clin North Am · August 1997
From its humble beginnings as a method of expediently decompressing the obstructed kidney, the field of interventional uroradiology has evolved in the hands of urologists and interventional radiologists to a means of addressing myriad problems in the urina ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · July 1997
PURPOSE: A phase I study was done to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of (L)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ). An ancillary objective was to compare the effects of treatment with 2 levels of OTZ to placebo on urinary oxalate excretion in healt ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · June 1997
Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the spermatic cord is an extremely rare tumor with only two other cases being reported in the world literature. We describe a patient with this lesion who also had concomitant bilateral renal cell carcinoma. The manage ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Physiol · January 1997
Important features of hepatic oxalate synthesis remain uncertain despite its clinical significance. To clarify the terminal steps of the biosynthetic pathway and their modulation, we have examined oxalate and glyoxylate synthesis in vitro using isolated gu ...
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Journal ArticleWorld J Urol · 1997
An examination of the urinary excretions of 101 normal subjects indicated that the major genetic influence on calcium excretion is a codominant pair of alleles giving rise to three phenotypes, low, intermediate and high (hypercalciuric) excretors. This inf ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · July 1996
OBJECTIVES: Candidates for radical prostatectomy have been frequently evaluated with chest radiography and occasionally with cystoscopy. The utility of these studies was assessed. METHODS: A retrospective review of 236 cases of radical prostatectomy perfor ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · May 1996
Enteric hyperoxaluria and primary hyperparathyroidism have been associated with the development of nephrolithiasis. We report a case involving a patient who had hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma and enteric hyperoxaluria resulting from a sma ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · March 1996
PURPOSE: We determined whether routine postoperative chest radiography is warranted after flank surgery to assess for pneumothorax. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 253 adult flank operations performed during a 6-year period was conducted. R ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · October 1995
The injection of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen (Contigen) is a recently approved method for treating patients with urinary incontinence secondary to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). Forty-five patients with ISD, 33 males and 12 females, with a ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Physiol · September 1995
Factors that influence hepatic oxalate synthesis are poorly defined. Hormones are important regulators of hepatic metabolism and could potentially be involved. The effects of hyperglucagonemia were examined in guinea pigs injected with either saline or pha ...
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Journal ArticleScanning Microsc · 1995
Dietary oxalate is currently believed to make only a minor contribution (< 20%) to urinary oxalate excretion. A recent prospective study of stone disease suggested that dietary oxalate may be a significant risk factor. This observation led us to re-evaluat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · December 1994
In the last decade there have been major advances in endoscopic surgery including ureteroscopy and laparoscopy, both of which may cause ureteral injury. We sought to determine if increased use of these procedures affected the frequency and nature of major ...
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Journal ArticleJ Endourol · October 1994
Patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and tumor involvement of the inguinal nodes are at risk for pelvic lymph node metastases. When this spread occurs, the chance for patient survival is limited. Because the sensitivity of CT in dete ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · October 1994
OBJECTIVES: The use of deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) rectus abdominis muscle flaps in conjunction with inguinal lymphadenectomy to treat patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis having high-volume inguinal lymph node metastases cau ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · September 1994
OBJECTIVES: Patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation are at risk for hemorrhagic cystitis despite appropriate preventive measures. This complication could have an impact on patient survival and other outcome variables. METHODS: A retrospective study ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · June 1994
The American Urological Association Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel recommendations for managing struvite staghorn calculi are based on a comprehensive review of the treatment literature and meta-analysis of outcome data from the 110 pertinent ar ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · February 1994
OBJECTIVE: Although a number of pretransplant urologic evaluations have been recommended in the literature, their efficacy has not been validated. This study was undertaken to evaluate a standardized urologic diagnostic protocol for potential adult transpl ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · November 1993
Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a new technique which has been described in a limited number of clinical reports. We reviewed the results of 46 patients undergoing laparoscopic repair of 75 varicoceles over a two-year period to assess the effectiveness of ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · October 1993
We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the effects of hemodialysis on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 26 male patients with end-stage renal disease as a clinical model for assessing the role of the kidney in PSA clearance. Patients ranging i ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · September 1993
In 4 patients with cutaneous urinary diversion who underwent percutaneous ureteral stone removal, similar ureteral complications developed as a result of severe ureteritis at the site of the stone. Ureteral narrowing occurred within days of percutaneous ur ...
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Journal ArticleKidney Int · August 1993
The relationship of protein intake to urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion was examined in a large cohort (N = 101) of normal individuals on self-selected diets and in 11 individuals on controlled protein diets. On self-selected diets no correlation was ...
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Journal ArticleProblems in Urology · January 1, 1993
Innovative procedures developed in the past decade to treat patients with nephrolithiasis have dramatically decreased the role of traditional open stone surgery. In patients who currently require open stone surgery, complex calculous disease associated wit ...
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Journal ArticleProblems in Urology · January 1, 1992
Rigid ureteroscopy is now a commonly used technique that has enhanced care of the urologic patient by providing an avenue for less invasive therapy of upper urinary tract disorders and has facilitated the diagnosis of these problems. This article reviews t ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · November 1991
Several evolutionary changes in ultrasonographic instrumentation, including miniaturization of transducers and marked improvement in resolution, have made intraoperative renal ultrasonography a valuable adjunct for intrarenal surgery. We investigated its u ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · April 1991
A retrospective study was conducted comparing anatrophic nephrolithotomy (10 cases), percutaneous nephrolithotomy alone (4 cases) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (23 cases) for the treatment of large stag ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · March 1991
We report on 10 patients with spontaneous perinephric hemorrhage associated with underlying disease, including renal cell carcinoma (5), angiomyolipoma (2), malignant melanoma (1), periarteritis nodosa (1) and severe portal hypertension (1). The etiology c ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Endourology · January 1, 1991
We report our experience with ultrasound-guided transurethral laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP) in a canine model. The device used is composed of a 22F plastic sheath with a 36F low-pressure balloon at the distal end. A probe containing a 7.5-MHz ultraso ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · August 1990
Antisperm antibodies are significant in male factor infertility. The prevalence of antisperm antibodies in the infertile population is approximately 10 percent, and it is not cost-effective to test for these antibodies in every male partner of an infertile ...
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Journal ArticleClin Chim Acta · December 29, 1989
The urinary secretion of two lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-glucuronidase (GLR, EC 3.2.1.31), and two brush border enzymes, alanine aminopeptidase (AAP, EC 3.4.11.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) ...
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Journal ArticlePrim Care · December 1989
Development of the genital and urinary systems is interwoven. Developmental abnormalities may cause problems in both systems, although the presenting problem may be ambiguous genitalia, hypospadias, undescended testis, or a urinary tract infection. The pri ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · September 1989
Urinary enzyme testing has been used by many investigators to diagnose and monitor various types of renal injury. Three urinary enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were monitored in 17 patients before a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · August 1989
Of 893 stone procedures 37 (4.1 per cent) performed during the first 19 months after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was instituted at our medical center were open operations. Procedures included ureterolithotomy in 23 patients (with simultaneous pye ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · April 1989
In an ongoing phase II study 17 patients with potentially operable transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (stages T2 to T4, Nx, Mo) have been treated with intravenous cis-platinum (50 mg.per m.2), cyclophosphamide (400 mg.per m.2) and doxorubicin (40 m ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · March 1989
The studies reported in this paper were undertaken to investigate the effect of shock waves on ovarian function. In an initial study, five female Wistar rats underwent general anesthesia. One ovary was then exposed to 1500 shock waves at 20 kV using the Do ...
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Journal ArticleUrology · April 1988
We report a case of urethrovasocutaneous fistula in an elderly man. There were several possible etiologic factors in this case including: prior vasectomy and transurethral prostatectomy, urinary tract infection, and neurogenic bladder. ...
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Journal ArticleCrit Rev Diagn Imaging · 1988
Since its first clinical application in 1980, the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has dramatically changed the treatment of urinary tract stone disease. More than 80% of patients with urolithiasis will undergo ESWL as a first line thera ...
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Journal ArticleClin Nucl Med · April 1987
A case is reported in which a urinoma developed following a renal transplant. Dual isotope renography-cystography using Tc-99m DTPA and Ga-67 citrate revealed the diagnosis after ultrasonography and radiographic cystography were nondiagnostic. ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · June 1986
We reviewed 530 patients treated with anatrophic nephrolithotomy during a 14.5-year period. Significant postoperative renal bleeding occurred in 34 cases (6.4 per cent). The average postoperative blood transfusion requirement in this group was 5,279 cc. Bl ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · February 1985
A 15-year experience with pediatric anatrophic nephrolithotomy was reviewed. There were 11 procedures performed in 10 patients. Average patient age was 9.43 plus or minus 1.54 years (standard error of the mean). Preoperative urine cultures were positive in ...
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Journal ArticleProstate · 1985
The mechanism of the observed synergistic effect of prolactin and androgen on the lateral lobe of the rat prostate is not established. The observation that prolactin alone delayed the rate of loss of weight, protein, and DNA of the lateral lobe in castrate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · March 1984
We report the eighth case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra. The histology and management are discussed. ...
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Journal ArticleUrol Res · 1984
Polyglycolic acid (PGA) tube stented, silastic stented and non-stented anastomoses were compared in 18 ureteroureterostomies performed in 13 dogs. Urinalysis, urine culture, BUN and serum creatinine and intravenous pyelograms were done periodically from 1 ...
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Journal ArticleProstate · 1984
Hyperprolactinemia, achieved by grafting pituitaries under the renal capsule, has been shown to cause a delay in the rate of castration-induced prostatic regression in rats. The mechanism of this prolactin action is not established, although it has been su ...
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Journal ArticleJ Urol · October 1983
Migration of indwelling ureteral stents out of the bladder poses a difficult technical challenge to the urologist. To avoid an open operative procedure a variety of transurethral approaches have been suggested. Herein we describe a technique recently used ...
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Journal ArticleProstate · 1983
Available English language articles relating the grade, stage, and grade-stage of carcinoma of the prostate to evidence of tumor progression and survival in untreated and treated patients have been reviewed. Observations of the extremes of the spectrum of ...
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