Chapter · January 1, 2024
Diagnostic testing is an essential component of healthcare systems. This chapter aims to provide the reader with a strategy for making changes in laboratory utilization that are based on the clinical relevance of tests. It provides specific guidance for de ...
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Chapter · June 1, 2022
The spectrum of microorganisms causing bacteremia and fungemia in immunocompromised hosts has changed over the last decade, owing in large part to widespread use of chemoprophylaxis, differences in immunosuppressive regimens, and significant increases in t ...
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Journal ArticleClin Microbiol Infect · August 2017
OBJECTIVES: Left-sided methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) endocarditis treated with cloxacillin has a poorer prognosis when the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is ≥1.5 mg/L. We aimed to validate this using the Internatio ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2014
We conducted a controlled clinical comparison of PF Plus, the new pediatric medium with adsorbent polymeric beads, versus the charcoal-containing PF medium in the BacT/Alert blood culture system. A total of 2,381 pediatric cultures were enrolled, and 1,703 ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · December 2013
In this IDSA policy paper, we review the current diagnostic landscape, including unmet needs and emerging technologies, and assess the challenges to the development and clinical integration of improved tests. To fulfill the promise of emerging diagnostics, ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 2013
Staphylococci are a frequent cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Appropriate antibiotic treatment for BSIs may be delayed because conventional laboratory testing methods take 48 to 72 h to identify and characterize isolates from positive blood cultures ...
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Journal ArticleJ Dairy Sci · September 2012
The specific purpose was to investigate the possible interrelationships of genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus found in mammary glands, horn flies, and extramammary sites on 3 southeastern US dairies. A total of 1,228 samples were obtained from various sour ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · July 2012
BACKGROUND: Disseminated tuberculosis is a major health problem in countries where generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics coincide with high tuberculosis incidence rates; data are limited on patient outcomes beyond the inpatient ...
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Journal ArticleOcul Immunol Inflamm · April 2012
PURPOSE: To report a patient with a history of exposure keratopathy who presented with bilateral bacterial keratitis associated with streptococcal pharyngitis and use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: Pulsed-field g ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 8, 2011
Medical implants, like cardiovascular devices, improve the quality of life for countless individuals but may become infected with bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Such infections take the form of a biofilm, a structured community of bacterial cells adh ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · September 1, 2011
BACKGROUND: Using multinational collections of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates from infective endocarditis (IE) and soft tissue infections (STIs), we sought to (1) validate the finding that S. aureus in clonal complex (CC) 30 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2011
One potential limitation of DNA-based molecular diagnostic tests for Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) is organism burden, which is not sufficiently characterized. We hypothesized that the number of CFU per milliliter (CFU/ml) present in an episode of Ca ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2011
We compared the performance of the BacT/Alert MB system, that of the manual Bactec Myco/F Lytic procedure, and that of the Isolator 10 lysis-centrifugation system in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia. Mean times to detection were 16.4 ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · April 26, 2011
BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection ranges from asymptomatic nasal carriage to osteomyelitis, infective endocarditis (IE) and death. In this study, we evaluate potential association between the presence of specific genes in ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2011
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in both human and veterinary medicine. The importance of companion animals as reservoirs of human infections is currently unknown. The companion animals of 49 MRSA-infected outpat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 2010
The Fungitell assay for (1,3)β-D-glucan (BG) detection in serum has been evaluated in patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and healthy controls and for the early diagnosis of IFI in cancer patients. We evaluated the BG assay for the detection of ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · October 2010
Of the 9 vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) cases reported to date in the literature, 7 occurred in Michigan. In 5 of the 7 Michigan VRSA cases, an Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate and/or an associated vancomycin-re ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · September 2010
BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Bloodstream infections should be reassessed periodically because of increased antibiotic resistance, more patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy, improved antir ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 2010
Mupirocin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus has become more important as mupirocin is used more widely to suppress or eliminate S. aureus colonization and prevent subsequent health care- and community-associated infections. The present multic ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2009
This report describes the results of an 11-laboratory study to determine if a cefoxitin broth microdilution MIC test could predict the presence of mecA in staphylococci. Using breakpoints of < or = 4 microg/ml for mecA-negative and > or = 6 or 8 microg/ml ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · March 2009
BACKGROUND: Although Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common, serious infection, accurately identifying febrile patients with this diagnosis at the time of initial evaluation is difficult. The purpose of this investigation was to define clinical chara ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · October 2008
Murine typhus was diagnosed by PCR in 50 (7%) of 756 adults with febrile illness seeking treatment at Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of patients with murine typhus, 64% were women, 86% were residents of Kathmandu, and 90% were unwell during the winter ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 2008
Identification of viridans group streptococci (VGS) to the species level is difficult because VGS exchange genetic material. We performed multilocus DNA target sequencing to assess phylogenetic concordance of VGS for a well-defined clinical syndrome. The h ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · August 2008
Salmonella and Shigella species are routinely sought in stool specimens submitted for culture. It is a common practice to screen lactose-negative colonies by using triple sugar iron agar, lysine iron agar, and Christensen urea agar to determine if further ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2008
Organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) may have differential virulence. We compared 33 subjects with MAC pulmonary disease to 75 subjects with a single positive culture without disease. M. avium isolates were significantly more likely to be ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2008
The new anaerobe and Corynebacterium (ANC) identification card for Vitek 2 was compared with a 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S) reference method for accuracy in the identification of corynebacteria and anaerobic species. Testing was performed on a Vitek 2 XL ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2008
The new Neisseria-Haemophilus identification (NH) card for Vitek 2 was compared with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S) as the reference method for accurate identification of Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. Testin ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2008
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are important causes of infective endocarditis (IE), but their microbiological profiles are poorly described. We performed DNA target sequencing and susceptibility testing for 91 patients with definite CNS IE who were ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2008
Accurate species determination for anaerobes from blood culture bottles has become increasingly important with the reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia and prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms. Our knowledge of the taxonomical diversity of a ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Transplant · May 2008
Within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), B. cenocepacia portends increased mortality compared with other species. We investigated the impact of Bcc infection on mortality and re-infection following lung transplant (LT). Species designation for isolat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · April 15, 2008
BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) reduces morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons in Africa, but its impact on antimicrobial resistance is of concern. METHODS: HIV-uninfected (group A), HIV-infected but not requiring SXT (group B), ...
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Journal ArticleCrit Care Med · February 2008
OBJECTIVE: Infection and thrombosis are important complications of intravascular catheters. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of thrombosis in patients with central venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and the ...
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Journal ArticleEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · February 2008
Leptotrichia species typically colonize the oral cavity and genitourinary tract. We report the first two cases of endocarditis secondary to L. goodfellowii sp. nov. Both cases were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Review of the English literature ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Intern Med · December 18, 2007
BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis caused by non-HACEK (species other than Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, or Kingella species) gram-negative bacilli is rare, is poorly characterized, ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 2007
A study conducted by 11 laboratories investigated the ability of four combinations of erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CC) (ERY and CC at 4 and 0.5, 6 and 1, 8 and 1.5, and 0.5 and 2 microg/ml) in a single well of a broth microdilution panel to predict ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 2007
Although several reports have shown that two to three 20-ml blood cultures are adequate for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia in adults, a recent study (F. R. Cockerill et al., Clin. Infect. Dis. 38:1724-1730, 2004) found that two blood cultures det ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · September 1, 2007
BACKGROUND: The impact of bacterial clonality on infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is unclear. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-nine S. aureus isolates (125 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] and 254 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]) wer ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · August 2007
BACKGROUND: The Burkholderia cepacia complex is associated with colonization or disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For patients without CF, this complex is poorly understood apart from its presence in occasional point source outbreaks. OBJECTIV ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2007
To assess the relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered concurrently from blood and respiratory tract specimens from patients with pneumonia, we analyzed 24 paired isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping, and antimi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2007
The Digene Hybrid Capture system cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA (version 2.0), Roche CMV UL54 analyte-specific reagent, and QIAGEN RealArt CMV LightCycler PCR reagent tests were compared using whole-virus standards and plasma specimens collected from allogeneic ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2007
We reevaluated Enterobacteriaceae disk diffusion breakpoints for the tetracyclines published in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M100-S16, which were (susceptible/resistant) >or=19 mm/or=16 mm/
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 2007
To assess relative performances in the BacT/ALERT blood culture system, we compared results from the direct inoculation of standard media and inoculation after the transport of blood samples in Vacutainer tubes with sodium polyanethol sulfonate. No signifi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 2007
Most patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) infection have abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices. Therefore, we implemented screening criteria based on CSF values and host immune status to guide testing. All CSF samples ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 2007
To assess their utility for antifungal susceptibility testing in our clinical laboratory, the Etest and Sensititre methods were compared with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method. Fluconazole (F ...
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Journal ArticleLangmuir · February 27, 2007
Atomic force microscopy was used to "fish" for binding reactions between a fibronectin-coated probe (i.e., substrate simulating an implant device) and each of 15 different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from either patients with an infected car ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 2007
To assess the relative yields in automated microbial detection systems of bacteria and yeasts isolated from the blood of adult patients with suspected sepsis, we compared the new VersaTREK system (VTI) (TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) to the BacT/A ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · January 15, 2007
BACKGROUND: Because of its ease of dosing, vancomycin is commonly used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Clinical outcomes resulting from such a therapeutic strategy have ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 2007
Acinetobacter sp. isolates having multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns have become common in many medical centers worldwide, limiting therapeutic options. A five-center study tested 103 contemporary clinical Acinetobacter spp., including MDR strains, by ref ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 2006
We conducted retrospective, comparative analyses of contamination rates for cultures of blood obtained in the emergency rooms of Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lilongwe Central Hospital (LCH) in central Malawi; and the Duke U ...
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Journal ArticleTrans R Soc Trop Med Hyg · November 2006
We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (XbaI) on 114 bloodstream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S. enterica serotype Typhi collected from febrile patients in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 56 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 51 (91%) wer ...
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Journal ArticleClin J Am Soc Nephrol · May 2006
The association between hemodialysis vascular access type, costs, and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) among patients with ESRD remains incompletely characterized. This study was undertaken to compare resource utilization, costs, and clini ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · May 2006
Bloodstream infection (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with BSI due to ceftazidime-resistant (CAZ- ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · April 2006
Of 33,111 patients admitted to a large hospital in Vietnam from November 2000 through July 2001, a total of 303 were undergoing hemodialysis and had pyrogenic reactions (ie, fever and/or rigors). Ten case patients (3.3%) had documented bacteremia; pathogen ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 2006
Antifungal expenditures are substantial for many hospitals. Using caspofungin for the treatment of candidemia accounts for a sizable proportion of the costs. A cost minimization study that used a decision analytic model was done to compare in-hospital diag ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 2006
The incidence of and average time to detection for Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella (HACEK) bacteria in blood cultures with standard incubation and the utility of extended incubation of blood culture bottles were review ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · December 2005
PURPOSE: Although Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial infection, little is known about the impact of S. aureus bacteremia on patients with prosthetic devices. This investigation sought to define the clinical outcome, health care resource ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · September 1, 2005
Cryptococcus gattii is a group of exogenous, neurotropic yeasts that possess the capsular serotype B or C. Isolates of serotype C are extremely rare and, until recently, were known to infect only immunocompetent individuals. We genotyped 176 isolates of Cr ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · August 1, 2005
Repeat infective endocarditis due to the same species can represent relapse of the initial infection or a new infection. We used time-based clinical criteria and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based molecular criteria to classify 13 cases of repeat infec ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2005
A nine-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to select positive and negative quality assessment control strains for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci. Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested as unknowns on ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · June 2005
OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical outcomes and costs associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among hemodialysis-dependent patients. DESIGN: Prospectively identified cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary-care university medical center in North Carolin ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2005
We evaluated aliquots from 244 clinical blood culture bottles that demonstrated yeasts on Gram stain using a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid (PNA) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2005
Recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from positive blood culture bottles may be difficult due to autolysis of pneumococci. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the Binax NOW S. pneumoniae antigen test with samples from positive blood culture bottles ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 2005
A new, clear-plastic nonvented aerobic FA bottle, designed to prevent breakage, has been developed for the BacT/ALERT blood culture system. We assessed the new plastic FA bottle by comparing its performance with that of the current glass FA bottle for reco ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · March 2005
We describe broad-range salmonellae (ie, Salmonella) and Salmonella serotype Typhi-specific LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. We validated these with a battery of 280 bacteria, 108 of which were s ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · March 1, 2005
BACKGROUND: The role of both host and pathogen characteristics in hematogenous seeding following Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is incompletely understood. METHODS: Consecutive patients with intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bactere ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · March 2005
PURPOSE: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacteremia and of native valve infective endocarditis. However, the risk of endocarditis in patients with a prosthetic valve who develop S. aureus bacteremia is unclear. The aim of this study was to defin ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · February 2005
OBJECTIVE: Comorbid conditions have complicated previous analyses of the consequences of methicillin resistance for costs and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We compared costs and outcomes of methicillin resistance in patients with S. aureus ...
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Journal ArticleScand J Infect Dis · 2005
We defined the molecular epidemiology of recurrent enterococcal bacteremia using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. We identified 27 patients, comprising 60 episodes; strain relatedness was demonstrated in 8 patients with isolates separated by up to 6 y. Ca ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · October 2004
To determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with the BacT/ALERT (bioMerieux, Durham, N.C.) nonvented aerobic FA (FA) medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared the BacT/ALE ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · September 15, 2004
BACKGROUND: The causes of persistent bacteremia (PB) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are poorly understood. This investigation examined potential associations between PB with key clinical features and several in vitro bacterial ge ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2004
Imipenem is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis. However, there are no NCCLS guidelines for testing susceptibility of enterococci against imipenem. To assess whether or not amp ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 2004
We examined four staining methods on replicate smears of 313 respiratory specimens submitted for Pneumocystis jiroveci examination. The sensitivity and specificity of Calcofluor white stain (CW) were 73.8 and 99.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specif ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2004
Oerskovia turbata is an unusual bacterial cause of endocarditis and septicemia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared 12 isolates from a 1975 medical center cluster, 11 originally identified as O. turbata (four from the blood of a homogr ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · June 2004
In Nepal, many infections remain poorly characterized, partly due to limited diagnostic facilities. We studied consecutive febrile adults presenting to a general hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 876 patients enrolled, enteric fever and pneumonia were t ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · May 1, 2004
The Burkholderia cepacia complex includes 9 genomovars. The relative virulence of each is unknown. Host and pathogen features associated with mortality were evaluated among patients with B. cepacia complex bacteremia. Cases were ascertained through review ...
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Journal ArticleInfection · April 2004
BACKGROUND: Based on previous studies, enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) is considered a unimicrobial, community-acquired disease of older Caucasian men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between enterococcal bacteremia and IE by c ...
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Journal ArticlePediatr Infect Dis J · February 2004
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major cause of pediatric mortality. Because of limited resources and facilities in these developing countries, treatment often must be based solely on clinical observations and patient h ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 2004
Serologic testing is essential for the diagnosis of some infectious diseases and yet is fraught with potential pitfalls. All parts of the diagnostic process must be optimized to ensure that serologic tests perform adequately. Recognizing that a lack of cli ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · January 2004
Susceptibility profiles of medically important fungi in less-developed countries remain uncharacterized. We measured the MICs of amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole for Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates from T ...
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Journal ArticleMicrob Drug Resist · 2004
A standardized agar dilution susceptibility testing method was developed for Campylobacter that consisted of testing on Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood in an atmosphere of 10% CO2, 5% O2, and 85% N2. Campylobacter jejuni ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · October 15, 2003
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We describe the clinical presentation, predisposing conditions, diagnostic approach, and outcome for 52 patients with disseminated tuberculosis who presented at Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC) from 1980 through 1999. The mean age of the patient ...
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Journal ArticleJ Med Microbiol · October 2003
Staphylokinase (SAK) is a plasminogen-activator protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus. SAK production was evaluated in vitro in S. aureus isolates from the bloodstream of patients with lethal (n = 56) and non-lethal (n = 57) bacteraemia and from anteri ...
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Journal ArticleArch Intern Med · September 22, 2003
BACKGROUND: Complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) are often difficult to identify. The ability to accurately predict the likelihood of these complications would impact patient management. This investigation sought to define readily availa ...
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Journal ArticleCirculation · July 8, 2003
Featured Publication
BACKGROUND: Mediastinitis is a complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) that can be difficult to diagnose. This study evaluated the utility of blood culture results in identifying patients with mediastinitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: All uni ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2003
We compared the dried MicroScan microdilution panel, Synergy Quad plate agar dilution, and high-potency disk diffusion screening methods for the detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in 815 enterococcal bloodstream isolates. Agreement between t ...
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Journal ArticleCardiol Clin · May 2003
As the etiological character of IE changes, the microbiological tools used to confirm the diagnosis have also evolved. Here the authors have reviewed the current methods for optimal laboratory diagnosis of bacterial and fungal endocarditis using traditiona ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2003
A 30-year-old man died with Pandoraea pnomenusa sepsis after lung transplantation. Pandoraea species are gram-negative rods, closely related to, and commonly misidentified as, Burkholderia cepacia complex or Ralstonia species. Heretofore considered soil ba ...
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Journal ArticlePathology · April 2003
AIMS: Urine is the most frequently received clinical specimen for bacterial culture. To determine whether dipstick or microscopy results reliably predicted the presence or absence of a reportable urinary pathogen we performed dipstick testing and phase con ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 2003
We designed and tested a real-time LightCycler PCR assay for Histoplasma capsulatum that correctly identified the 34 H. capsulatum isolates in a battery of 107 fungal isolates tested and also detected H. capsulatum in clinical specimens from three patients ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Intern Med · November 19, 2002
BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections. OBJECTIV ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2002
Featured Publication
We determined the antibiotic susceptibilities of 1,785 enterococcal bloodstream isolates collected over 25 years. Antibiotic resistance emerged at a greater rate in Enterococcus faecium than in other enterococcal species, and E. faecium isolates became pro ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Dis Clin North Am · June 2002
Featured Publication
This article addresses the clinical need for accurate detection of bacteria and fungi that may cause infective endocarditis (IE). The pathophysiology of bacteremia during endocarditis is reviewed to provide an understanding of how current diagnostic method ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · February 2002
Prosthetic heart valve sewing cuffs coated with minocycline and rifampin exhibited in vitro zones of inhibition against all 52 tested clinical isolates responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis. An in vitro elution study of these coated sewing cuffs de ...
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Journal ArticleArch Intern Med · January 14, 2002
BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on recent demographic and microbiological changes in infective endocarditis (IE) and the impact of these changes on patient survival. METHODS: Data were collected from all patients with definite or possible IE at Duke Univers ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · December 2001
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 192 group B streptococcal isolates from patients with invasive disease demonstrated that 31 (16%) were resistant to erythromycin and 17 (9%) were resistant to clindamycin. One isolate demonstrated high-level resistan ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 2001
We prospectively assessed the management of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in an area with a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and a low incidence of TB. Clinicians' assessments were sensitive for TB but had poor predictive va ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · October 2001
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia but is undoubtedly underdiagnosed. Isolation of S. pneumoniae from blood is specific but lacks sensitivity, while isolation of S. pneumoniae from sputum may represent coloniz ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 2001
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most commonly isolated contaminants from blood cultures, yet they frequently cause true infections. Determining the clinical significance of CNS is difficult, and clinicians often consider the number of positi ...
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Journal ArticleClin Microbiol Infect · September 2001
A case of pericardial effusion due to Campylobacter fetus in a patient with thalassemia is presented. The patient failed to respond to ceftriaxone and clarithromycin despite in vitro susceptibility, but improved after pericardiectomy and ampicillin. Perica ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 2001
To assess the risk of contamination, we reviewed retrospectively 1,408 matched pairs of simultaneous catheter-drawn and venipuncture blood cultures. Catheter-drawn cultures were equally likely to be truly positive (14.4 versus 13.7%) but more likely to be ...
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Journal ArticleCirculation · August 28, 2001
BACKGROUND: Although cardiac device infections (CDIs) are a devastating complication of permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the incidence of CDI in patients with bacteremia is not well defined. The objective of this study was t ...
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Journal ArticleCornea · August 2001
PURPOSE: To assess the utility of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the culture results of 774 corneoscleral rims that remained after trephination of corneas for transplantation into patients at our academic medical cente ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · June 1, 2001
The anatomic pathologist performs an important role in the diagnosis or exclusion of infectious diseases. The morphologic interpretation of biopsies and cytologic preparations allows for the definitive establishment or exclusion of a wide variety of diseas ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2001
To evaluate the performance of BacT/ALERT FA (FA) medium, a new aerobic BacT/ALERT FAN (FAN) medium (Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, N.C.) that does not require the added cost and inconvenience of a venting unit, we inoculated blood specimens from adu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 2001
In previous bloodstream infection studies in Malawi, we inoculated blood from a single venesection into a single BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (MFL) vial. Inoculation of one vial, however, would be expected to reduce the sensitivity of bloodstream pathogen detection ...
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Journal ArticleMed Microbiol Immunol · April 2001
Although polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) is thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of prosthetic device infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, its role in prosthetic device infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is unknown. To a ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · March 15, 2001
In the nonneutropenic host, bacteremia due to Clostridium tertium is rare and of unclear significance. We describe a patient in whom presentation with Clostridium tertium bacteremia was the harbinger of Crohn's disease. In order to understand the significa ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 2001
To determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared Plus Anaerobic/F bottles with Standard Anaerobic/F bottles ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 2001
Yeasts are an increasingly common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Methods for their detection are many; controlled comparisons are few. The vented FAN aerobic blood culture medium has been shown to be superior to the standard BacT/ALERT aerobic ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Infect Dis · 2001
OBJECTIVES: Published data suggest that Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhi Salmonella species, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the predominant causes of bloodstream infection (BSI) in hospitalized populations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was condu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 2001
To examine the validity of cultures of fluid collected through drainage catheters, we reviewed retrospectively fluid specimens that had been collected through catheters in place for at least 2 days. These specimens were taken from patients at a large terti ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · 2001
We review the problem of limited microbiology resources in developing countries. We then demonstrate the feasibility of a cohort-based approach to integrate microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical medicine to survey emerging infections in these countries. ...
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Journal ArticleInfectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · January 1, 2001
Although improved antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced overall mortality and altered the natural history of HIV infection, its effect on the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of BSIs is not known. We compared 85 episodes of BSI in HIV-infected pe ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 2000
Iodophor and alcohol pledgets were compared with the Medi-Flex Prep Kit II for skin disinfection before venipuncture. Of 12,367 blood cultures collected, 6,362 were done with conventional pledgets and 6, 005 were done with Medi-Flex kits. Contamination occ ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · October 2000
Platelet microbicidal proteins (PMPs) are small antimicrobial peptides secreted by mammalian platelets. In vitro resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains to PMPs correlates with more extensive disease in experimental infective endocarditis (IE). To dete ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 2000
In less-developed countries, studies of bloodstream infections (BSI) have been hindered because of the difficulty and costs of culturing blood for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. During two study periods (study period I [1997] and study period II [1998] ...
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Journal ArticleTransplantation · June 15, 2000
BACKGROUND: Although infection is a leading cause of death after lung transplantation, very little is known about the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical significance of bloodstream infections in lung transplant recipients. METHODS: All blood cultures we ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · April 2000
The etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in febrile (> or =37.5 degrees C) adults (> or =18 years old) in one Malawi hospital were determined during August and September 1997. After clinical evaluation, blood was drawn for comprehensive culture, human ...
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Journal ArticleLancet · October 2, 1999
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global public-health concern. Although early clinical recognition of M. tuberculosis in hospital inpatients is critical for effective infection control, such recognition may be difficul ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Tuberc Lung Dis · October 1999
SETTING: University medical center. OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of bone marrow cultures for mycobacteria and fungi in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Retrospective review of charts and laboratory records. RESULT ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · October 1999
Antimicrobial drug resistance in bacterial pathogens continues, with 1997 seeing reports of Staphylococcus aureus no longer fully susceptible to vancomycin occurring in the United States. To better deal with this rapidly developing problem, we present the ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · July 1999
To determine the etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hospitalized patients >/=15 years old in Thailand, prospectively enrolled, consecutive febrile (>/=38 degrees C) patients were admitted to one hospital during February-April 1997. After a patien ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 1999
A total of 9,446 blood cultures were collected from adult patients at three university-affiliated hospitals. Of these, 8,943 cultures were received with both aerobic bottles filled adequately; 885 yielded 1,016 microorganisms, including 622 isolates (61%) ...
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Journal ArticleSemin Respir Infect · March 1999
Although most recognized pleural space infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, enteric gram-negative bacilli, or anaerobic bacteria, the spectrum of possible pathogens is broad and includes fungi and even protozoa, reflect ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · February 1999
Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [+] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), c ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1998
We evaluated the clinical usefulness of species identification of blood isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a predictor of the clinical significance of the isolates. In addition, we compared results of species identification obtained with Micro ...
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Journal ArticleArch Pathol Lab Med · May 1998
OBJECTIVES: To determine if routine cardiac valve culture is useful in diagnosing clinically unsuspected infective endocarditis in patients undergoing native valve replacement, to see if false-positive culture results have a deleterious effect on patient c ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1998
The bile-esculin test is used to differentiate enterococci and group D streptococci from non-group D viridans group streptococci. The effects on test performance of the concentration of bile salts, inoculum, and duration of incubation were examined with 11 ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · February 1998
Causes of community-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown with regard to mycobacteria and fungi. We prospectively studied 517 consecutive febrile (axillary temperature, > or =37.5 degrees C) adults (> or =15 years of age) ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 1997
For patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, culture of the CSF remains the most valuable tool in the evaluation of suspected shunt infections. To detect anaerobic Propionibacterium sp., a well-described cause of these infections, many clinical micr ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 1997
Nucleic acid amplification techniques for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) are rapidly being developed. Scant work, however, has focused on pericardial TB. Using cryopreserved specimens from a prior study of pericarditis, we compared PCR to culture and h ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · April 1997
To assess changes since the mid-1970s, we reviewed 843 episodes of positive blood cultures in 707 patients with septicemia. The five most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Klebsiella pneu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1997
Blood specimens collected from adult patients with suspected sepsis in four medical centers were inoculated into BACTEC Plus/F and BacT/Alert FAN aerobic culture bottles. Both bottles of 7,401 bottle pairs contained the prescribed blood volume of 8 to 12 m ...
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Journal ArticleScand J Infect Dis · 1997
We describe a case of rapidly progressive necrotizing cellulitis in an immunocompromised farmer caused by Bacillus cereus, and review 15 additional cases of serious soft tissue infection due to this organism reported in the English language literature. The ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 1996
A six-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to develop MIC and zone diameter quality control limits and interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · November 1996
One of the criteria used to determine the clinical importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is isolation of the bacteria from sequential blood cultures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to characterize sequential blood isolates of CoN ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1996
Two recent multicenter blood culture studies found that BacT/Alert FAN (FAN) bottles (Organon Teknika, Durham, N.C.) had increased yields in detecting bacteremia and fungemia compared with standard BacT/Alert (STD) bottles. Because the clinical importance ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1996
The Isolator 1.5 microbial system (ISO 1.5) (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.) was compared with the BACTEC NR660 aerobic NR6A bottle (NR6A) (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) for the detection of fungemia in hospitalized ped ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1996
We sent a questionnaire to 79 clinical microbiology laboratories seeking information on contemporary practices when investigating for bacterial and protozoan enteric pathogens. Data from the 67 respondents (response rate of 85%) showed that a minority of l ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 1996
To determine the optimum duration of incubation for recovery of fungi, the results of 2,173 consecutive clinical cultures were reviewed. Overall, 94% of fungal isolates were detected by day 7 and 98% were detected by day 14. Yeasts were usually (98%) detec ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1996
We have evaluated the yield of several tests and have instituted specimen rejection criteria to reduce costs and save time. For a 12-month period, we recorded the reduction of these tests and calculated the resultant cost and time savings. Seven changes we ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1996
Endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from mechanically ventilated pediatric patients frequently are cultured as part of an evaluation for suspected sepsis. There are now well-defined criteria for rejecting low-yield ETAs from adults, but it is uncertain whether t ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 1995
Studies were conducted to validate the use of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (which is vancomycin resistant and resistant to high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin) and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (which is susceptible to vancomycin and against which gent ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 1995
Since the early 1970s, the synergistic activity of an aminoglycoside with a cell wall-active agent has been predicted by determining the ability of an enterococcus to grow in the presence of high levels of the aminoglycoside (usually > or = 2,000 microgram ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1995
FAN medium was formulated to improve microbial recovery, particularly for fastidious microorganisms and for microorganisms causing sepsis in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy. In a controlled clinical evaluation performed at four university-affiliat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Pediatr · August 1995
OBJECTIVE: Anaerobic bacteremia rarely occurs in children. Therefore we assessed the usefulness of routinely obtaining anaerobic blood cultures in our pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN: Records of 9360 paired aerobic anaerobic blood culture bottles (Bactec ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 1995
Latex agglutination (LA) of capsular polysaccharide bacterial antigen is a frequently performed laboratory procedure, but its use is controversial. To assess the clinical utility of this test, we reviewed all LA tests performed over a 10-month period at tw ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1995
A new medium, FAN, designed to enhance the recovery of microorganisms, has been developed for the BacT/Alert blood culture system (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.). We compared the yield and speed of detection of microorganisms in 6,847 adequately fill ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1995
For testing bacterial susceptibility to PD131628, a 5-micrograms disk and the following tentative interpretive criteria may be used: > or = 19 mm for susceptible (MIC, < or = 1.0 micrograms/ml), 16 to 18 mm for intermediate (MIC, 2.0 micrograms/ml), and < ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1995
We prospectively evaluated 356 bacteria and fungi recovered from broth enrichment tubes from cultures with sterile direct plates to determine the clinical impact of isolates recovered only from broth cultures. These "broth only" isolates (BOI) were classif ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Trop Med Hyg · January 1995
With the widespread emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection, febrile patients in the tropics can no longer be empirically treated with inexpensive yet effective antimalarials. The substitution of newer and more costly drugs brings with ...
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Journal ArticleTuber Lung Dis · December 1994
SETTING: Large academic medical center in Tanzania. OBJECTIVES: To determine the etiologies and outcomes of large pericardial effusions in HIV-infected and uninfected patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of patients admitted with new large pericardia ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · November 1994
A prospective study was done to assess the comparative use of acridine orange and Gram stains for detecting false-positive BACTEC blood culture bottles, thereby eliminating unnecessary subcultures. A total of 1049 NR 6A and 7A bottles that were instrument- ...
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Journal ArticleEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · October 1994
To confirm preliminary interpretive breakpoints for prototype 5 micrograms levofloxacin disks, 490 strains were tested in vitro using commercially manufactured disks. For in vitro susceptibility testing, 5 micrograms levofloxacin disks can be used with int ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1994
Bottles developed for use in the BacT/Alert automated blood culture system (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.) can accept up to 10 ml of blood without falling below a 1:5 ratio of blood to broth. We compared the yield and speed of detection of microorgan ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1994
The incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci is increasing in the United States and elsewhere in the world, but automated susceptibility testing methods have difficulty detecting resistance expressed by certain strains. The agar screening metho ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1994
Although kits to detect cryptococcal antigen are used widely to diagnose cryptococcal infection, the comparative performance of commercially available assays has not been evaluated in the past decade. Therefore, we compared the sensitives and specificities ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 1994
Over 2800 clinical strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group were collected during a 5-year period from ten geographically separate sites and tested for their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method. Among the ceph ...
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Journal ArticleClin Lab Med · March 1994
For the first time, clinical microbiologists have the option of purchasing or leasing a variety of automated blood culture systems. Although the performance characteristics of the BACTEC radiometric and nonradiometric blood culture systems are well-documen ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 1993
OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for colonization and nosocomial infection with ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE). DESIGN: Patients with ampicillin-resistant enterococci were compared retrospectively by logistic regression analysis with controls harb ...
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Journal ArticleArch Pathol Lab Med · October 1993
The autopsy is receiving renewed emphasis as a tool for quality assurance in clinical medicine. Postmortem blood cultures frequently are taken during the autopsy but are costly and of unclear diagnostic utility. To assess whether postmortem blood cultures ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1993
We evaluated cord formation in BACTEC media as a criterion for presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Auramine-rhodamine smears from 673 radiometrically positive BACTEC vials were examined. The presence of cording had a sensitivi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1993
Over 20 months, we prospectively assessed the yield of cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter spp. from adults and children. In the first 10 months, 53% (567 of 1,097) of specimens from adults were from patients who had been in the hospital f ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1993
Because of the declining frequency of anaerobic bacteremia, routinely using half the collected blood volume for anaerobic culture has been challenged. There is no data indicating whether more clinically relevant isolates would be recovered if all or most o ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1993
A previous recommendation suggests that stool be cultured for mycobacteria only if the smear is positive. We have correlated smear and culture results of 2,176 stool specimens submitted for mycobacterial culture. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1993
Although criteria have been established to assess the quality of sputum specimens, no criteria for assessing the quality of endotracheal suction aspirates (ETSA) exist. Therefore, we compared the Gram stain (GS) and culture results for 504 consecutive ETSA ...
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Journal ArticleEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · May 1993
Studies with fosfomycin tromethamine disks containing 200 micrograms of fosfomycin and 50 micrograms of glucose-6-phosphate confirmed the following zone diameter criteria for the NCCLS method: < or = 12 mm for resistant (MIC > or = 256 micrograms/ml), 13-1 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1993
The BACTEC high-blood-volume fungal medium (HBV-FM) (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) was compared with the Isolator (IS) tube and the BACTEC Plus 26 (BP26) blood culture bottle for the ability to recover fungi from the blood of ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · January 1993
Recently, we published a comparison of the BacT/Alert blood culture system with the BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture system using blood inocula of 5 ml per bottle. By reanalyzing data collected during that study, we found that, for true-positive ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · 1993
To determine their diagnostic utility, fecal leukocytes were sought by methylene blue stain in 502 consecutive stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay. In addition, the stability of fecal leukocytes was assessed by daily examination ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · 1993
To assess the potential clinical utility of RP 59500, 10 investigators from separate locations in the United States and Canada each tested approximately 200 current isolates of staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci) by a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 1992
We retrospectively determined the yield of 2,015 stool ovum and parasite (O&P) examinations performed over an 11-month period. Two aspects were evaluated: the yield of positive results from multiple specimens per patient versus the result of a single exami ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · November 1992
This guideline summarizes recommendations for (1) developing cogent procedures for diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; (2) developing quality-control parameters for the microbiological components of clinical trials; (3) continually updating ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · July 1992
Ofloxacin, a newer broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 6967 clinical isolates in a multicenter surveillance trial using a standardized disk diffusion method. Thirty-five geographically diverse laboratories contributed zone diameter result ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1992
A multilaboratory study was undertaken to reassess the amount of calcium and magnesium that should be added to Mueller-Hinton broth when testing Pseudomonas aeruginosa against amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. To achieve parity ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1992
In a collaborative study at three university hospitals, the recovery of microorganisms and the speed of detection of microbial growth by the BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, N.C.) and BACTEC 660/730 (Becton-Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument S ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1992
Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems (Sparks, Md.) recently introduced BACTEC high-volume aerobic and anaerobic bottles that accept up to 10 ml of blood for use on their nonradiometric blood culture instruments. Both bottles contain 25 ml of tryp ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1991
Blood culture bottles that accept up to 10 ml of blood have recently been introduced for the BACTEC nonradiometric blood culture system. The new formulation, designated BACTEC Plus, contains 25 ml of tryptic soy broth, 0.05% sodium polyanetholesulfonate, a ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · March 1991
Meningeal tuberculosis is an uncommon disease in the United States with an annual incidence of fewer than 200 cases. This study evaluates three approaches to improving the use of the cerebrospinal (CSF) acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear and culture procedure: ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · March 1991
Three policies for decreasing unnecessary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) management Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests were compared. The first policy attempted to educate physicians about the use of serologic tests for diagnosing neurosyphilis b ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1991
Episodes of bacteremia in granulocytopenic patients during 1985 and 1986 at a tertiary-care general hospital were reviewed to assess the adequacy of current empiric antimicrobial therapy. The major pathogens in these cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ente ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · July 1990
Pyrazinamide (PZA) has become an essential component of current 6-month regimens for therapy of tuberculosis. Susceptible strains of tubercle bacilli convert PZA to pyrazinoic acid (POA) through pyrazinamidase (PZase), which resistant strains and Mycobacte ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1990
BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.) is an automated microbial detection system based on the colorimetric detection of CO2 produced by growing microorganisms. Results of an evaluation of the media, sensor, detection system, and detection algori ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1990
The one-bottle Oxoid Signal blood culture system altered to provide a more aerobic bottle headspace was reassessed in a comparative study versus the two-bottle BACTEC radiometric system in 5,426 blood cultures. The BACTEC system detected more microorganism ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1990
In vitro studies were undertaken to evaluate susceptibility tests with 30-micrograms ceftibuten disks. The following interpretive criteria were proposed: less than or equal to 17 mm for resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) and greate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · December 1989
Two commercially available agar slide blood culture systems, Septi-Chek (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J.) and VACUTAINER agar slant (Becton Dickinson [BD] Vacutainer Systems, Rutherford, N.J.), were compared in 5,628 paired blo ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 1989
We compared BACTEC radiometric blood culture media with (8B) and without (6B) 10% sucrose for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients at four university teaching hospitals that used identical methods for obtaining and processing spec ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · September 1989
The humoral immune response to both Campylobacter jejuni cell surface antigens and to potential toxins of the organism was studied in 64 adults with inflammatory diarrhea. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for surface antigens, 17 (71%) of 24 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1989
In an initial evaluation, we found the Oxoid Signal blood culture system inferior to the BACTEC radiometric system for detection of some microorganisms causing septicemia (M. P. Weinstein, S. Mirrett, and L. B. Reller, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:962-964, 1988) ...
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Journal ArticlePediatr Infect Dis J · March 1989
We investigated the possible role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in necrotizing enterocolitis. Stool coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from neonates during an outbreak of rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis were analyzed by a variet ...
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Journal ArticleArch Intern Med · March 1989
To determine the efficacy of "short-course" therapy (less than 17 days) for Staphylococcus aureus catheter-associated bacteremia, 13 patients were prospectively followed up for at least three months after completion of therapy. A single patient relapsed af ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1989
Antigen detection methods may facilitate diagnosis of Giardia lamblia in stool specimens. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and immunoblotting, G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites share several antigens, espe ...
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Journal ArticleRes Microbiol · 1989
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the most important drugs in modern chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Since PZA is active only at an acid pH, testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to PZA is difficult and timeconsuming. Therefore, we evaluated th ...
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Journal ArticleDiabetes Care · October 1988
This study examined whether non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects have an increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetic (n = 206) and normal (n = 418) subjects were identified from ...
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Journal ArticleEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · June 1988
In vitro, 1.2% gelatin counteracts the inhibition of growth of bacterial species by sodium polyanetholsulfonate in blood culture media. Additionally, 1% yeast extract has been used to promote bacterial growth. We compared the performance of supplemented pe ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1988
The Oxoid Signal (Oxoid U.S.A., Inc., Columbia, Md.) blood culture system is a newly described, innovative method for visually detecting growth of microorganisms (D. Sawney, S. Hinder, D. Swaine, and E.Y. Bridson, J. Clin. Pathol. 39:1259-1263, 1986). We d ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1988
Both Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae are important isolates recovered in blood cultures from septicemic children. Sodium polyanetholsulfonate is present in most blood culture media and can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, including ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · April 1988
Differentiating reinfection from the acquisition of resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after antimicrobial therapy is difficult because currently used epidemiological markers are not stable genetic markers. We previously established that a 741 ...
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Journal ArticleArch Intern Med · October 1987
Two-hundred nine patients with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection and pyuria were randomized to 400 mg of administered norfloxacin twice daily for three days, or 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim administered twice daily for ten ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · September 1987
The addition of gelatin to blood culture media has been suggested to prevent the inhibition of Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius that is caused by sodium polyanetholsulfonate. To determi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1987
Although the addition of 1.2% gelatin to broth blood culture media containing sodium polyanetholesulfonate has been shown to enhance detection of certain bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Gardner ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · August 1987
Forty-eight episodes of osteomyelitis, 30 acute and 18 chronic, were evaluated in a prospective multicenter collaborative study to determine whether a standardized serum bactericidal test could predict outcome of infection. All centers used a microdilution ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · March 1987
To evaluate the effects of medium and atmosphere of incubation for the isolation of group A (GA) streptococci from throat cultures, we compared 1098 throat swabs plated on each of three blood agar plates (BAP). Two plates contained trimethoprim-sulfamethox ...
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Journal ArticleSex Transm Dis · 1987
The complement system was evaluated in 22 individuals with disseminated gonococcal infection. Three of the 22 patients exhibited a total serum complement activity that was greater than 2 SD below the normal mean. Of these three, one had a complete deficien ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1987
Neurocysticercosis has become more prominent in the United States in recent years because of an increase in immigration from endemic regions and because of improved ease of diagnosis with computed tomography (CT). Neurocysticercosis should be suspected in ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · September 1986
Ninety-one episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia and fungemia were compared with 407 unimicrobial episodes to assess differences in the microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of the two syndromes. Enterobacteriaceae, nongroup A streptococci ...
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Journal ArticleArch Intern Med · August 1986
We treated two patients with severe hepatic failure complicated by meningococcemia. Serum complement profiles performed on these patients found low total hemolytic complement assays, normal concentrations of C1q, and low or undetectable concentrations of C ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1986
A commercially available agar-slide blood culture bottle (Septi-Chek; Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.) was compared with the radiometric blood culture system (BACTEC; Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) in 8,544 paired bl ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1986
The serum bactericidal test (SBT) has been used for almost 40 years to monitor therapy in patients with bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and other serious infections. The SBT is basically a variation of the broth dilution test adapted to assess the a ...
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Journal ArticleWest J Med · January 1986
Pyogenic arthritis in patients with hemophilia is predominantly monoarticular, usually involving the knee, is associated with hemophilic arthropathy and other predisposing factors for infection, is mainly due to Staphylococcus aureus and carries serious mo ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Obstet Gynecol · January 1986
Pathogenesis and optimal treatment and prevention of preterm labor remain incompletely understood. Entry of cervical/vaginal microorganisms into lower uterine tissues has been implicated in preterm labor and may be amenable to specific therapy. Fifty-eight ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1986
Aspergillus species causing endocarditis on a native heart valve is a rare occurrence with an exceedingly high mortality. This report describes a 60-year-old man who developed Aspergillus clavatus endocarditis of the aortic valve 18 months after coronary a ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Allergy · December 1985
Intradermal skin tests are often performed using a common syringe with multiple needles. Bacterial contamination of intradermal skin test syringes can occur as a result of apparent siphoning caused by needle changing. The bacterial contamination of the syr ...
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Journal ArticleBurns Incl Therm Inj · August 1985
We retrieved bacterial blood isolates from 397 adult burned patients admitted over a 7-year period. Sixty-two patients (15.6 per cent) developed true-positive bacterial blood cultures (judged non-contaminants), and of these 30 (48.4 per cent) expired. Pseu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1985
Sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) is used as a routine supplement to blood culture media to enhance recovery of microorganisms, but it inhibits the growth of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptobacillus ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · May 1985
The Roche Septi-Chek biphasic blood culture system with tryptic soy broth was compared with a conventional blood culture bottle with supplemented peptone broth in 6,956 paired blood cultures from adult patients. Both systems were inoculated with equal volu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1985
A commercially available biphasic blood culture system that utilizes an attachable agar slide paddle and Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) was compared with a conventional Trypticase soy broth blood culture bottle in 6,867 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1985
Comparison of conventional blood culture media with newer formulations of Bactec media for radiometric detection are lacking. Therefore, we compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms with supplemented peptone broth (SP ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1985
Several methods have been previously suggested for the presumptive identification of Gardnerella vaginalis in clinical laboratories, but none is entirely satisfactory. We previously found that sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) inhibits G. vaginalis in blo ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · February 1985
One hundred twenty-nine patients with bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in a multicenter collaborative study to determine whether a standardized serum bactericidal test could predict the outcome of the infection. All centers used a microdilution test m ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · September 1984
To determine whether employing antibiograms is useful to separate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, we determined the MICs of 12 antibiotics for 104 human clinical strains and 74 swine strains. Of 74 swine strains, 5 (7%) were hippurate positive ...
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Journal ArticleObstet Gynecol · August 1984
The authors documented thirty cases of bacteremia, all in gynecologic and obstetric patients, over a four-year period at a university hospital. Sixteen of the patients had polymicrobial infections. Most of the patients recovered completely whether or not a ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · June 1984
Cefotaxime (CTX), a third-generation cephalosporin with high potency against virtually all Enterobacteriaceae as well as many other clinically important facultative and anaerobic bacteria, is metabolized in vivo to desacetylcefotaxime (des-CTX), which also ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · February 1984
Fifty-one episodes of bacteremia and a single episode of fungemia occurred during treatment with seemingly adequate doses of appropriate antibiotics. Clinical findings in these "breakthrough" bacteremias and fungemia were compared with those in 448 non-bre ...
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Journal ArticleSex Transm Dis · 1984
Gonococci can be divided into serogroups WI, WII, and WIII by coagglutination. To assess the clinical correlation of serogroups of gonococci, we studied isolates of gonococci from patients with disseminated and uncomplicated gonococcal infections in three ...
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Journal ArticleDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis · December 1983
Supplementation of sheep blood agar with pyridoxal hydrochloride or pyridoxamine dihydrochloride aided recovery of nutritionally variant streptococci; however, it was found to prevent recovery of 6 of 173 (3%) primary isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and ...
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Journal ArticleAm Rev Respir Dis · November 1983
Empyema fluid characteristically has a low pleural fluid pH, and it has been demonstrated that this fluid has a high acid-generating capacity. To evaluate the contribution of leukocytes and bacteria to the low pH of empyema fluid, an experimental model of ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · October 1983
It is not always possible to culture feces immediately, and appropriate methods for transport of human specimens, unlike those from animals, have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we took serial subcultures in two phases from six transport media inocula ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · July 28, 1983
Advances continue to be made in methods for more reliable or more rapid means of detecting bacteremia and fungemia. The importance of blood sample volume and broth dilution has been established in controlled studies. New technology includes the use of resi ...
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Journal ArticleAm Rev Respir Dis · June 1983
To determine the possible mechanisms responsible for the low pH pleural effusion associated with esophageal rupture we evaluated the following possibilities: (1) gastric acid reflux, (2) bacterial metabolism, and (3) leukocyte metabolism. Neither eliminati ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 1983
The value of hypertonic media in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, since prior clinical trials have yielded conflicting results with different media. Earlier, we showed that the addition of 10% sucrose to supplemented peptone broth ...
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Journal ArticleN Engl J Med · April 21, 1983
We evaluated the complement system in 20 patients presenting with a first episode of meningococcal meningitis, meningococcemia, or meningococcal pericarditis. Assays of total serum complement activity were performed prospectively in 12 patients and retrosp ...
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Journal ArticleCan J Microbiol · April 1983
To determine the optimal conditions for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from human fecal specimens, we compared incubation atmospheres that contained about 5, 10, and 15% oxygen with the 17% oxygen produced in candle jars and also compared incubation tem ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · February 1983
The optimal incubation conditions for isolation of group A streptococci from throat cultures are controversial. Therefore, we compared the effects of aerobic and anaerobic incubations after 24 and 48 h on the recovery of group A streptococci. Throat swabs ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1983
Among 500 patients with bacteremia and fungemia, total mortality was 42%; about half of all deaths were attributable directly to infection. Mortality increased with age, but deaths unrelated to infection itself were responsible in part for this increase. M ...
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Journal ArticleRev Infect Dis · 1983
Five hundred episodes of septicemia were reviewed, with emphasis on laboratory and epidemiologic findings. The isolation of facultative and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, fungi, and gram-positive cocci (except viridans streptococci and Staphylococcus epi ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · December 1982
To learn whether a single dose of amoxicillin is safe, effective therapy for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, 388 symptomatic nonpregnant women were randomly grouped to receive oral amoxicillin, either as a single 3 g dose of 250 mg three time ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1982
To evaluate the role of atmosphere of incubation in the detection of clinically important bacteremia and fungemia in adults, we compared the yield of microorganisms from 10,541 paired 5-ml samples of blood incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The mediu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1982
Because the value of hypertonic media in detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, we evaluated supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholsulfonate with and without 10% sucrose in 5,439 paired blood cultures from adult pati ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1982
To determine optimal temperature and atmospheric conditions for isolating Campylobacter jejuni from fecal specimens of humans, we studied six laboratory isolates and 19 fecal specimens that were known to contain C. jejuni. We compared incubations in 5% oxy ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1982
We compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms from 10,156 paired 5-ml samples of blood cultured in supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) or Trypticase soy broth (TSB) with 0.5% ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1982
Direct microscopic screening of blood cultures by Gram stain or methylene blue stain is time consuming and frequently insensitive. Therefore, we evaluated a fluorescent-staining procedure that uses acridine orange (AO) at pH 3.5 and compared it with the me ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · April 1982
To evaluate the role of the volume of blood cultured in the detection of clinically important bacteremia and fungemia in adults, we evaluated the yield and speed of detection of microorganisms from 5,317 paired 2- and 5-ml samples of blood. The same kind o ...
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Journal ArticleWest J Med · April 1982
To determine the relative importance of Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrheal illness in patients coming to three hospitals in Denver, we cultured stool specimens from 2,670 patients over a two-year period. C jejuni was identified in the feces of 12 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · February 1982
Few data are available to show how serum dilution test results correlate with results of antimicrobial assays and determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Serum dilution tests were performed ...
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Journal ArticleLancet · January 16, 1982
Although most strains of Campylobacter jejuni are susceptible in vitro to erythromycin and the drug has been recommended for treatment of campylobacter enteritis, prospective controlled trials have not been done. Erythromycin (250 mg 6-hourly for adults an ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1982
To determine the value of direct dark-field microscopy for diagnosing enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, we examined 1,377 human fecal specimens for bacteria with typical Campylobacter darting motility, leukocytes, and erythrocytes. Eighty ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 1982
An atmosphere with reduced oxygen tension is required for the primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Therefore, we compared use of the conventional atmosphere of 5% oxygen and 8% carbon dioxide with use of a candle jar (17% oxygen and 3% c ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1981
Nutritionally variant streptococci fail to grow on routine sheep blood agar plates. Moreover, these strains are a recognized cause of culture-negative endocarditis. We tested the ability of chocolate and brucella blood agars, sheep blood agar with a staphy ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1981
Acridine orange, a fluorochrome strain, is potentially superior to the Gram stain in the direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens because it gives striking differential staining between bacteria and background cells and debris. Its value in cli ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1981
Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that failed to grow on Thayer-Martin (T-M) and Martin-Lewis (M-L) media accounted for 2.0% of isolates at the University of Colorado Hospital and its Venereal Disease Clinic. A total of 31 inhibited and 31 control strains w ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · July 1981
Although the usual form of sporotrichosis is a lymphocutaneous lesion, Sporothrix schenckii can cause articular disease that is difficult to diagnose. We describe two patients with sporotrichosis who presented with tenosynovitis and the carpal tunnel syndr ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1981
A multilaboratory in vitro study was carried out to determine disk diffusion susceptibility testing quality control limits for two new semisynthetic penicillins, mezlocillin and piperacillin. Existing limits for carbenicillin and ampicillin were reevaluate ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · June 1981
Standard minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are not established for most antimicrobial agents against strains of bacteria commonly used for quality control in susceptibility testing. The effects of cation and human serum supplementation of ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1981
Immediate culturing of fecal specimens is not always possible, and appropriate methods for transport and storage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni specimens have not been fully evaluated. Using nine techniques, we studied the survival of C. fetus subsp. ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · February 1981
Most episodes of acute suppurative parotitis are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Reported here is a patient who had acute parotitis associated with anaerobic sepsis caused by Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Peptostreptococcus micros. Acute parotitis shoul ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1980
Since the sources from which humans acquire Campylobacter enteritis are only partially known, we studied the frequency of carriage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in migratory waterfowl. Cecal contents of various species of wild ducks were cultured on ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1980
A semisolid brucella medium with 10% sheep blood was used for storage and transport of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni and subsp. intestinalis and kept isolated alive about 3 weeks or longer at 25 degrees C or when sent through the regular mail. ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · March 1980
To learn the prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci and the distribution of serotypes in proved pneumococcal infections, we studied 98 pneumococci recovered from blood over a 4-year period. Penicillin susceptibility was determined by the agar dilut ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · March 1980
To compare the in vitro activity of moxalactam (LY127935), a new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, with cefazolin, amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin, each drug was tested against 420 bacterial isolates from the blood of s ...
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Journal ArticleChemotherapy · 1980
To compare the in vitro activity of cefamandole with ampicillin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, each antimicrobial was tested against 419 bacteria isolated from the blood of patients with proved sepsis. Cefamandole was active against all gram-positive cocci ex ...
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Journal ArticleArch Dermatol · October 1979
A case of cutaneous sporotrichosis involving the auricle of a brick mason is reported. Despite the infrequency of such an infection, sporotrichosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of perichondritis. The occupational associations with Sporo ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · October 1979
To determine the reliability of early antimicrobial susceptibility testing, we compared the results of direct and standard single-disk diffusion methods for 581 positive blood cultures processed routinely by the clinical microbiology laboratory. The direct ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Intern Med · August 1979
Campylobacter fetus subspecies (ssp.) jejuni has been recently recognized to cause diarrheal disease in man. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen, we prospectively studied 514 patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · July 1979
Immediate culture or refrigeration of urine is recommended, but not always practical. Therefore, we evaluated the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit containing a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate preservative in a study of 1,000 clinical urine specimens. ...
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Journal ArticleJAMA · February 2, 1979
The rate per 1,000 smears showing nonviable Gram-negative bacilli (false-positive smears) increased from a baseline of 10.8 to 38.5 following purchase of new culture-collection devices; the rate decreased to 8.0 following replacement of contaminated cultur ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · August 1978
Mycobacterium szulgai, a scotochromogenic mycobacterium, is a newly recognized pathogen of man and has been reported to cause pulmonary infections, olecranon bursitis and cervical adenitis. We isolated M. szulfai from granulomatous tissue removed at surger ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Med · May 1978
Brucella endocarditis is a rare, but often fatal, complication of brucellosis. A 32 year old man acquired brucellosis while on a visit to his former home in Greece and presented six months later with malaise, fever and aortic regurgitation. Blood cultures ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1977
The proper choice of antibiotic for Clostridium perfringens infections in patients allergic to penicillin is not clear; the usual recommendations and recent in vitro studies disagree. We tested the susceptibility of 57 strains of C. perfringens to eight pe ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Clin Pathol · December 1976
The limulus amebocyte lysate test for endotoxin was done on samples of blood from 22 well babies and 33 neonates in an intensive-care nursery. The objective was to determine whether falsely positive test results occurred in samples from newborn infants dur ...
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Journal ArticleAm J Epidemiol · November 1976
In the 10 years 1964-1973, 105,832 isolations of shigellae were reported to the Center for Disease Control through a nationwide surveillance system. The number reported increased by approximately 13% annually, from 5852 in 1964, when only 17 centers report ...
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Journal ArticleObstet Gynecol · February 1976
A prospective study of the risk of bacteremia in 84 women having insertion and in 16 women having removal of intrauterine devices was performed. Bacteremia was not found in any of these 100 women at 1 to 3, 15, or 30 minutes after the procedure or in any o ...
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Journal ArticleAnn Intern Med · November 1975
Oerskovia turbata is a yellow, motile actinomycete, which before now has only been found in soil and has not been known to cause disease in man or animals. It was isolated from 29 cultures of blood taken during 6 months from an urban pensioner after homogr ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1975
A medium designed for the detection of motility, indole, lysine decarboxylase and deaminase reactions, and H2S production was devised and evaluated. Results, using 157 strains of enteric pathogens, were in agreement with reference methods. When 300 isolate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · September 1975
Detection of lysine decarboxylase activity is a useful supplement to reactions on triple sugar-iron (TSI) and urea agars in the initial examination of suspected pathogenic isolates from fecal cultures. Owing to the added value of motility and indole produc ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1973
Cefazolin sodium was tested in vitro against 308 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus. Broth and agar dilution and disk diffusion techniques were use ...
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Journal ArticleThe Lancet · 1973
Abnormal liver-function tests are characteristic of acquired cytomegalovirus (C.M.V.) infection. Previous descriptions of liver-biopsy specimens in published reports on C.M.V. mononucleosis have not described hepatic granulomas. A previously healthy young ...
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Journal ArticleAppl Microbiol · January 1971
Shigella sonnei has become the most frequently reported cause of shigellosis in the United States. Since Shigella subgroup D has no other serotypes, colicin production has been used as a basis for differentiating and identifying epidemiologically related s ...
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