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Lyman Barth Reller

Professor of Pathology
Pathology
2616 McDowell Road, Durham, NC 27705
2616 McDowell Road, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications


Test Utilization and Clinical Relevance

Chapter · January 1, 2024 Diagnostic testing is an essential component of healthcare systems. This chapter aims to provide the reader with a strategy for making changes in laboratory utilization that are based on the clinical relevance of tests. It provides specific guidance for de ... Full text Cite

Bloodstream infections

Chapter · June 1, 2022 The spectrum of microorganisms causing bacteremia and fungemia in immunocompromised hosts has changed over the last decade, owing in large part to widespread use of chemoprophylaxis, differences in immunosuppressive regimens, and significant increases in t ... Full text Cite

Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus left-sided infective endocarditis treated with antistaphylococcal β-lactam antibiotics: a prospective cohort study by the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Infect · August 2017 OBJECTIVES: Left-sided methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) endocarditis treated with cloxacillin has a poorer prognosis when the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is ≥1.5 mg/L. We aimed to validate this using the Internatio ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of new pediatric medium with adsorbent polymeric beads (PF Plus) versus charcoal-containing PF medium in the BacT/alert blood culture system.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2014 We conducted a controlled clinical comparison of PF Plus, the new pediatric medium with adsorbent polymeric beads, versus the charcoal-containing PF medium in the BacT/Alert blood culture system. A total of 2,381 pediatric cultures were enrolled, and 1,703 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of BacT/alert FA plus and FN plus blood culture media with BacT/alert FA and FN blood culture media.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2014 New blood culture media containing antibiotic-binding polymeric beads have been developed for the BacT/Alert (bioMĂ©rieux, Inc., Durham, NC) blood culture system. To assess the performance of these new media, we compared the new BacT/Alert aerobic medium (F ... Full text Link to item Cite

Better tests, better care: improved diagnostics for infectious diseases.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · December 2013 In this IDSA policy paper, we review the current diagnostic landscape, including unmet needs and emerging technologies, and assess the challenges to the development and clinical integration of improved tests. To fulfill the promise of emerging diagnostics, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled multicenter evaluation of a bacteriophage-based method for rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in positive blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 2013 Staphylococci are a frequent cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Appropriate antibiotic treatment for BSIs may be delayed because conventional laboratory testing methods take 48 to 72 h to identify and characterize isolates from positive blood cultures ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy heifers.

Journal Article J Dairy Sci · September 2012 The specific purpose was to investigate the possible interrelationships of genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus found in mammary glands, horn flies, and extramammary sites on 3 southeastern US dairies. A total of 1,228 samples were obtained from various sour ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacteremic disseminated tuberculosis in sub-saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · July 2012 BACKGROUND: Disseminated tuberculosis is a major health problem in countries where generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics coincide with high tuberculosis incidence rates; data are limited on patient outcomes beyond the inpatient ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Streptococcal pharyngitis leading to corneal ulceration.

Journal Article Ocul Immunol Inflamm · April 2012 PURPOSE: To report a patient with a history of exposure keratopathy who presented with bilateral bacterial keratitis associated with streptococcal pharyngitis and use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: Pulsed-field g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of nucleic acid amplification following extraction of 5 milliliters of whole blood for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2012 To investigate the performance of a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia, 5-ml aliquots of blood were inoculated into bioMĂ©rieux mycobacterial (MB) bottles and incubated, and 5-ml aliquots of blo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Polymorphisms in fibronectin binding protein A of Staphylococcus aureus are associated with infection of cardiovascular devices.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 8, 2011 Medical implants, like cardiovascular devices, improve the quality of life for countless individuals but may become infected with bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Such infections take the form of a biofilm, a structured community of bacterial cells adh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis isolates are associated with clonal complex 30 genotype and a distinct repertoire of enterotoxins and adhesins.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 1, 2011 BACKGROUND: Using multinational collections of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates from infective endocarditis (IE) and soft tissue infections (STIs), we sought to (1) validate the finding that S. aureus in clonal complex (CC) 30 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitation of Candida CFU in initial positive blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2011 One potential limitation of DNA-based molecular diagnostic tests for Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) is organism burden, which is not sufficiently characterized. We hypothesized that the number of CFU per milliliter (CFU/ml) present in an episode of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of BacT/Alert MB system, manual Myco/F lytic procedure, and isolator 10 system for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2011 We compared the performance of the BacT/Alert MB system, that of the manual Bactec Myco/F Lytic procedure, and that of the Isolator 10 lysis-centrifugation system in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia. Mean times to detection were 16.4 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential associations between severity of infection and the presence of virulence-associated genes in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article PLoS One · April 26, 2011 BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus infection ranges from asymptomatic nasal carriage to osteomyelitis, infective endocarditis (IE) and death. In this study, we evaluate potential association between the presence of specific genes in ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Transmission of MRSA between companion animals and infected human patients presenting to outpatient medical care facilities.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in both human and veterinary medicine. The importance of companion animals as reservoirs of human infections is currently unknown. The companion animals of 49 MRSA-infected outpat ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The (1,3){beta}-D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 2010 The Fungitell assay for (1,3)β-D-glucan (BG) detection in serum has been evaluated in patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and healthy controls and for the early diagnosis of IFI in cancer patients. We evaluated the BG assay for the detection of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dissemination of an Enterococcus Inc18-Like vanA plasmid associated with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 2010 Of the 9 vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) cases reported to date in the literature, 7 occurred in Michigan. In 5 of the 7 Michigan VRSA cases, an Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate and/or an associated vancomycin-re ... Full text Link to item Cite

The clinical and prognostic importance of positive blood cultures in adults.

Journal Article Am J Med · September 2010 BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Bloodstream infections should be reassessed periodically because of increased antibiotic resistance, more patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy, improved antir ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter study to determine disk diffusion and broth microdilution criteria for prediction of high- and low-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2010 Mupirocin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus has become more important as mupirocin is used more widely to suppress or eliminate S. aureus colonization and prevent subsequent health care- and community-associated infections. The present multic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of cefoxitin MICs with the presence of mecA in Staphylococcus spp.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2009 This report describes the results of an 11-laboratory study to determine if a cefoxitin broth microdilution MIC test could predict the presence of mecA in staphylococci. Using breakpoints of < or = 4 microg/ml for mecA-negative and > or = 6 or 8 microg/ml ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients with health care-associated fever.

Journal Article Am J Med · March 2009 BACKGROUND: Although Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common, serious infection, accurately identifying febrile patients with this diagnosis at the time of initial evaluation is difficult. The purpose of this investigation was to define clinical chara ... Full text Link to item Cite

Murine typhus and febrile illness, Nepal.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · October 2008 Murine typhus was diagnosed by PCR in 50 (7%) of 756 adults with febrile illness seeking treatment at Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of patients with murine typhus, 64% were women, 86% were residents of Kathmandu, and 90% were unwell during the winter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phylogenetic analysis of viridans group streptococci causing endocarditis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 2008 Identification of viridans group streptococci (VGS) to the species level is difficult because VGS exchange genetic material. We performed multilocus DNA target sequencing to assess phylogenetic concordance of VGS for a well-defined clinical syndrome. The h ... Full text Link to item Cite

A single-tube screen for Salmonella and Shigella.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · August 2008 Salmonella and Shigella species are routinely sought in stool specimens submitted for culture. It is a common practice to screen lactose-negative colonies by using triple sugar iron agar, lysine iron agar, and Christensen urea agar to determine if further ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequence groups of Mycobacterium avium complex and pulmonary disease.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 Organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) may have differential virulence. We compared 33 subjects with MAC pulmonary disease to 75 subjects with a single positive culture without disease. M. avium isolates were significantly more likely to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of the Vitek 2 anaerobe and Corynebacterium identification card.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 The new anaerobe and Corynebacterium (ANC) identification card for Vitek 2 was compared with a 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S) reference method for accuracy in the identification of corynebacteria and anaerobic species. Testing was performed on a Vitek 2 XL ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of the new Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus identification card.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 The new Neisseria-Haemophilus identification (NH) card for Vitek 2 was compared with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S) as the reference method for accurate identification of Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. Testin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genotypic diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endocarditis: a global perspective.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2008 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are important causes of infective endocarditis (IE), but their microbiological profiles are poorly described. We performed DNA target sequencing and susceptibility testing for 91 patients with definite CNS IE who were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genotypic diversity of anaerobic isolates from bloodstream infections.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2008 Accurate species determination for anaerobes from blood culture bottles has become increasingly important with the reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia and prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms. Our knowledge of the taxonomical diversity of a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survival after lung transplantation of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · May 2008 Within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), B. cenocepacia portends increased mortality compared with other species. We investigated the impact of Bcc infection on mortality and re-infection following lung transplant (LT). Species designation for isolat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli in HIV-infected patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · April 15, 2008 BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) reduces morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons in Africa, but its impact on antimicrobial resistance is of concern. METHODS: HIV-uninfected (group A), HIV-infected but not requiring SXT (group B), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Authors' reply

Journal Article Journal of Clinical Microbiology · March 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Venous thrombosis in patients with short- and long-term central venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: Infection and thrombosis are important complications of intravascular catheters. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of thrombosis in patients with central venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leptotrichia endocarditis: report of two cases from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE) database and review of previous cases.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · February 2008 Leptotrichia species typically colonize the oral cavity and genitourinary tract. We report the first two cases of endocarditis secondary to L. goodfellowii sp. nov. Both cases were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Review of the English literature ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · December 18, 2007 BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis caused by non-HACEK (species other than Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, or Kingella species) gram-negative bacilli is rare, is poorly characterized, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci by broth microdilution using erythromycin-clindamycin combination wells.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 2007 A study conducted by 11 laboratories investigated the ability of four combinations of erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CC) (ERY and CC at 4 and 0.5, 6 and 1, 8 and 1.5, and 0.5 and 2 microg/ml) in a single well of a broth microdilution panel to predict ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of bloodstream infections in adults: how many blood cultures are needed?

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 2007 Although several reports have shown that two to three 20-ml blood cultures are adequate for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia in adults, a recent study (F. R. Cockerill et al., Clin. Infect. Dis. 38:1724-1730, 2004) found that two blood cultures det ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potential associations between hematogenous complications and bacterial genotype in Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 1, 2007 BACKGROUND: The impact of bacterial clonality on infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is unclear. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-nine S. aureus isolates (125 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] and 254 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]) wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia among intensive care unit patients without cystic fibrosis: a case-control study.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · August 2007 BACKGROUND: The Burkholderia cepacia complex is associated with colonization or disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For patients without CF, this complex is poorly understood apart from its presence in occasional point source outbreaks. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from paired blood and respiratory specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2007 To assess the relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered concurrently from blood and respiratory tract specimens from patients with pneumonia, we analyzed 24 paired isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping, and antimi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the Digene Hybrid Capture System Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA (version 2.0), Roche CMV UL54 analyte-specific reagent, and QIAGEN RealArt CMV LightCycler PCR reagent tests using AcroMetrix OptiQuant CMV DNA quantification panels and specimens from allogeneic-stem-cell transplant recipients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2007 The Digene Hybrid Capture system cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA (version 2.0), Roche CMV UL54 analyte-specific reagent, and QIAGEN RealArt CMV LightCycler PCR reagent tests were compared using whole-virus standards and plasma specimens collected from allogeneic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reevaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion breakpoints for tetracyclines for testing Enterobacteriaceae.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2007 We reevaluated Enterobacteriaceae disk diffusion breakpoints for the tetracyclines published in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M100-S16, which were (susceptible/resistant) >or=19 mm/or=16 mm/ Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of BacT/ALERT standard aerobic and standard anaerobic blood culture bottles inoculated directly or after transport in sodium polyanethol sulfonate tubes.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 2007 To assess relative performances in the BacT/ALERT blood culture system, we compared results from the direct inoculation of standard media and inoculation after the transport of blood samples in Vacutainer tubes with sodium polyanethol sulfonate. No signifi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of laboratory screening criteria for herpes simplex virus testing of cerebrospinal fluid.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2007 Most patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) infection have abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices. Therefore, we implemented screening criteria based on CSF values and host immune status to guide testing. All CSF samples ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of Etest and sensititre yeastone panels against the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method for testing Candida susceptibility to seven antifungal agents.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2007 To assess their utility for antifungal susceptibility testing in our clinical laboratory, the Etest and Sensititre methods were compared with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method. Fluconazole (F ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation between fundamental binding forces and clinical prognosis of Staphylococcus aureus infections of medical implants.

Journal Article Langmuir · February 27, 2007 Atomic force microscopy was used to "fish" for binding reactions between a fibronectin-coated probe (i.e., substrate simulating an implant device) and each of 15 different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from either patients with an infected car ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of VersaTREK and BacT/ALERT blood culture systems.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 2007 To assess the relative yields in automated microbial detection systems of bacteria and yeasts isolated from the blood of adult patients with suspected sepsis, we compared the new VersaTREK system (VTI) (TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) to the BacT/A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of vancomycin or first-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 15, 2007 BACKGROUND: Because of its ease of dosing, vancomycin is commonly used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Clinical outcomes resulting from such a therapeutic strategy have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter studies of tigecycline disk diffusion susceptibility results for Acinetobacter spp.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2007 Acinetobacter sp. isolates having multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns have become common in many medical centers worldwide, limiting therapeutic options. A five-center study tested 103 contemporary clinical Acinetobacter spp., including MDR strains, by ref ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood culture contamination in Tanzania, Malawi, and the United States: a microbiological tale of three cities.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 2006 We conducted retrospective, comparative analyses of contamination rates for cultures of blood obtained in the emergency rooms of Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lilongwe Central Hospital (LCH) in central Malawi; and the Duke U ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emergence of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A as a major cause of enteric fever in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Journal Article Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg · November 2006 We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (XbaI) on 114 bloodstream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S. enterica serotype Typhi collected from febrile patients in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 56 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 51 (91%) wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical features of scrub typhus.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 15, 2006 Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between clinical outcomes and vascular access type among hemodialysis patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · May 2006 The association between hemodialysis vascular access type, costs, and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) among patients with ESRD remains incompletely characterized. This study was undertaken to compare resource utilization, costs, and clini ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infection due to ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · May 2006 Bloodstream infection (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with BSI due to ceftazidime-resistant (CAZ- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pyrogenic reactions in hemodialysis patients, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · April 2006 Of 33,111 patients admitted to a large hospital in Vietnam from November 2000 through July 2001, a total of 303 were undergoing hemodialysis and had pyrogenic reactions (ie, fever and/or rigors). Ten case patients (3.3%) had documented bacteremia; pathogen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost savings with implementation of PNA FISH testing for identification of Candida albicans in blood cultures.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 2006 Antifungal expenditures are substantial for many hospitals. Using caspofungin for the treatment of candidemia accounts for a sizable proportion of the costs. A cost minimization study that used a decision analytic model was done to compare in-hospital diag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utility of extended blood culture incubation for isolation of Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella organisms: a retrospective multicenter evaluation.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2006 The incidence of and average time to detection for Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella (HACEK) bacteria in blood cultures with standard incubation and the utility of extended incubation of blood culture bottles were review ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of performance of plastic versus glass bottles for culturing anaerobes from blood in BacT/ALERT SN medium.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 2005 To validate performance, we compared the new plastic BacT/ALERT (bioMĂ©rieux, Durham, NC) SN bottle to the current glass SN bottle with samples of blood obtained for culture from adults and found them comparable for both recovery and speed of detection of m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with prosthetic devices: costs and outcomes.

Journal Article Am J Med · December 2005 PURPOSE: Although Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial infection, little is known about the impact of S. aureus bacteremia on patients with prosthetic devices. This investigation sought to define the clinical outcome, health care resource ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus gattii serotype C among patients with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 1, 2005 Cryptococcus gattii is a group of exogenous, neurotropic yeasts that possess the capsular serotype B or C. Isolates of serotype C are extremely rare and, until recently, were known to infect only immunocompetent individuals. We genotyped 176 isolates of Cr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repeat infective endocarditis: differentiating relapse from reinfection.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 1, 2005 Repeat infective endocarditis due to the same species can represent relapse of the initial infection or a new infection. We used time-based clinical criteria and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based molecular criteria to classify 13 cases of repeat infec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selection of strains for quality assessment of the disk induction method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci: a CLSI collaborative study.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2005 A nine-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to select positive and negative quality assessment control strains for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci. Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested as unknowns on ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · June 2005 OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical outcomes and costs associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among hemodialysis-dependent patients. DESIGN: Prospectively identified cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary-care university medical center in North Carolin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization probe for characterization of yeast isolates from blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2005 We evaluated aliquots from 244 clinical blood culture bottles that demonstrated yeasts on Gram stain using a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid (PNA) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ... Full text Link to item Cite

Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen test using positive blood culture bottles as an alternative method to diagnose pneumococcal bacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2005 Recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from positive blood culture bottles may be difficult due to autolysis of pneumococci. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the Binax NOW S. pneumoniae antigen test with samples from positive blood culture bottles ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of plastic and glass bottles of BacT/ALERT FA medium for culturing organisms from blood of adult patients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 2005 A new, clear-plastic nonvented aerobic FA bottle, designed to prevent breakage, has been developed for the BacT/ALERT blood culture system. We assessed the new plastic FA bottle by comparing its performance with that of the current glass FA bottle for reco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Broad-range (pan) Salmonella and Salmonella serotype typhi-specific real-time PCR assays: potential tools for the clinical microbiologist.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 2005 We describe broad-range salmonellae (ie, Salmonella) and Salmonella serotype Typhi-specific LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. We validated these with a battery of 280 bacteria, 108 of which were s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for hematogenous complications of intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · March 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: The role of both host and pathogen characteristics in hematogenous seeding following Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is incompletely understood. METHODS: Consecutive patients with intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bactere ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of endocarditis among patients with prosthetic valves and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Am J Med · March 2005 PURPOSE: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacteremia and of native valve infective endocarditis. However, the risk of endocarditis in patients with a prosthetic valve who develop S. aureus bacteremia is unclear. The aim of this study was to defin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Costs and outcomes among hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-resistant or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · February 2005 OBJECTIVE: Comorbid conditions have complicated previous analyses of the consequences of methicillin resistance for costs and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We compared costs and outcomes of methicillin resistance in patients with S. aureus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of plastic versus glass bottles of BacT/ALERT PF medium for culturing blood from children.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2005 The plastic pediatric BacT/ALERT (bioMĂ©rieux, Durham, N.C.) PF (PPF) is a new nonvented aerobic culture medium in a clear plastic bottle designed to prevent breakage. We compared the performance of the new PPF bottle to that of the present glass BacT/ALERT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical profile and strain relatedness of recurrent enterococcal bacteremia.

Journal Article Scand J Infect Dis · 2005 We defined the molecular epidemiology of recurrent enterococcal bacteremia using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. We identified 27 patients, comprising 60 episodes; strain relatedness was demonstrated in 8 patients with isolates separated by up to 6 y. Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of the BacT/ALERT FN and the standard anaerobic SN blood culture medium.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2004 To determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with the BacT/ALERT (bioMerieux, Durham, N.C.) nonvented aerobic FA (FA) medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared the BacT/ALE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is associated with agr dysfunction and low-level in vitro resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 15, 2004 BACKGROUND: The causes of persistent bacteremia (PB) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are poorly understood. This investigation examined potential associations between PB with key clinical features and several in vitro bacterial ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of use of penicillin and ampicillin as surrogates for in vitro testing of susceptibility of enterococci to imipenem.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2004 Imipenem is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis. However, there are no NCCLS guidelines for testing susceptibility of enterococci against imipenem. To assess whether or not amp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in respiratory specimens by four staining methods.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2004 We examined four staining methods on replicate smears of 313 respiratory specimens submitted for Pneumocystis jiroveci examination. The sensitivity and specificity of Calcofluor white stain (CW) were 73.8 and 99.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular epidemiologic evaluation of endocarditis due to Oerskovia turbata and CDC group A-3 associated with contaminated homograft valves.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2004 Oerskovia turbata is an unusual bacterial cause of endocarditis and septicemia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared 12 isolates from a 1975 medical center cluster, 11 originally identified as O. turbata (four from the blood of a homogr ... Full text Link to item Cite

The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · June 2004 In Nepal, many infections remain poorly characterized, partly due to limited diagnostic facilities. We studied consecutive febrile adults presenting to a general hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 876 patients enrolled, enteric fever and pneumonia were t ... Link to item Cite

Virulence associated with outbreak-related strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex among a cohort of patients with bacteremia.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 1, 2004 The Burkholderia cepacia complex includes 9 genomovars. The relative virulence of each is unknown. Host and pathogen features associated with mortality were evaluated among patients with B. cepacia complex bacteremia. Cases were ascertained through review ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study.

Journal Article Infection · April 2004 BACKGROUND: Based on previous studies, enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) is considered a unimicrobial, community-acquired disease of older Caucasian men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between enterococcal bacteremia and IE by c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical predictors of bloodstream infections and mortality in hospitalized Malawian children.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · February 2004 BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major cause of pediatric mortality. Because of limited resources and facilities in these developing countries, treatment often must be based solely on clinical observations and patient h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development, implementation, and impact of acceptability criteria for serologic tests for infectious diseases.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 2004 Serologic testing is essential for the diagnosis of some infectious diseases and yet is fraught with potential pitfalls. All parts of the diagnostic process must be optimized to ensure that serologic tests perform adequately. Recognizing that a lack of cli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · January 2004 Susceptibility profiles of medically important fungi in less-developed countries remain uncharacterized. We measured the MICs of amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole for Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates from T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a standardized susceptibility test for campylobacter with quality-control ranges for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem.

Journal Article Microb Drug Resist · 2004 A standardized agar dilution susceptibility testing method was developed for Campylobacter that consisted of testing on Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood in an atmosphere of 10% CO2, 5% O2, and 85% N2. Campylobacter jejuni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two decades of disseminated tuberculosis at a university medical center: the expanding role of mycobacterial blood culture.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 15, 2003 Featured Publication We describe the clinical presentation, predisposing conditions, diagnostic approach, and outcome for 52 patients with disseminated tuberculosis who presented at Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC) from 1980 through 1999. The mean age of the patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal outcome of bacteraemic patients caused by infection with staphylokinase-deficient Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Journal Article J Med Microbiol · October 2003 Staphylokinase (SAK) is a plasminogen-activator protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus. SAK production was evaluated in vitro in S. aureus isolates from the bloodstream of patients with lethal (n = 56) and non-lethal (n = 57) bacteraemia and from anteri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical identifiers of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · September 22, 2003 BACKGROUND: Complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) are often difficult to identify. The ability to accurately predict the likelihood of these complications would impact patient management. This investigation sought to define readily availa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of bloodstream infections in a bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 15, 2003 The risk of Mycobacterium bovis bloodstream infection (BSI) in bacille Calmette-GuĂ©rin (BCG)-vaccinated children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains uncharacterized. We studied pediatric inpatients during the 1998 dry season in Malawi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after median sternotomy: clinical utility of blood culture results in the identification of postoperative mediastinitis.

Journal Article Circulation · July 8, 2003 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Mediastinitis is a complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) that can be difficult to diagnose. This study evaluated the utility of blood culture results in identifying patients with mediastinitis. METHODS AND RESULTS: All uni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of BacT/ALERT standard aerobic medium with BACTEC standard aerobic medium for culturing blood.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2003 Standard aerobic media are widely used for culturing blood with the BacT/ALERT (BioMĂ©rieux, Inc., Durham, N.C.) (BM) and BACTEC 9240 (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) (BD) automated continuously monitoring instrument systems. Although similarly composed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of microscan broth microdilution, synergy quad plate agar dilution, and disk diffusion screening methods for detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcus species.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2003 We compared the dried MicroScan microdilution panel, Synergy Quad plate agar dilution, and high-potency disk diffusion screening methods for the detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in 815 enterococcal bloodstream isolates. Agreement between t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic methods. Current best practices and guidelines for isolation of bacteria and fungi in infective endocarditis.

Journal Article Cardiol Clin · May 2003 As the etiological character of IE changes, the microbiological tools used to confirm the diagnosis have also evolved. Here the authors have reviewed the current methods for optimal laboratory diagnosis of bacterial and fungal endocarditis using traditiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of BACTEC 13A, MYCO/F LYTIC, BacT/ALERT MB, and ISOLATOR 10 systems for detection of mycobacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2003 To compare the performance of the BACTEC 13A (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md.), BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (Becton Dickinson), BacT/ALERT MB (bioMĂ©rieux, Durham, N.C.), and ISOLATOR 10 lysis-centrifugation (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.) systems for detectio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death due to Pandoraea pnomenusa infection after lung transplantation.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2003 A 30-year-old man died with Pandoraea pnomenusa sepsis after lung transplantation. Pandoraea species are gram-negative rods, closely related to, and commonly misidentified as, Burkholderia cepacia complex or Ralstonia species. Heretofore considered soil ba ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting urine culture results by dipstick testing and phase contrast microscopy.

Journal Article Pathology · April 2003 AIMS: Urine is the most frequently received clinical specimen for bacterial culture. To determine whether dipstick or microscopy results reliably predicted the presence or absence of a reportable urinary pathogen we performed dipstick testing and phase con ... Link to item Cite

Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Infect · March 2003 Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-GuĂ©rin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to disseminati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum from culture extracts by real-time PCR.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2003 We designed and tested a real-time LightCycler PCR assay for Histoplasma capsulatum that correctly identified the 34 H. capsulatum isolates in a battery of 107 fungal isolates tested and also detected H. capsulatum in clinical specimens from three patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health care--associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · November 19, 2002 BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sequential emergence of antibiotic resistance in enterococcal bloodstream isolates over 25 years.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2002 Featured Publication We determined the antibiotic susceptibilities of 1,785 enterococcal bloodstream isolates collected over 25 years. Antibiotic resistance emerged at a greater rate in Enterococcus faecium than in other enterococcal species, and E. faecium isolates became pro ... Full text Link to item Cite

West Nile virus activity - United States, 2001

Journal Article Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · June 14, 2002 Cite

Diagnostic methods current best practices and guidelines for isolation of bacteria and fungi in infective endocarditis.

Journal Article Infect Dis Clin North Am · June 2002 Featured Publication This article addresses the clinical need for accurate detection of bacteria and fungi that may cause infective endocarditis (IE). The pathophysiology of bacteremia during endocarditis is reviewed to provide an understanding of how current diagnostic method ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial activity of prosthetic heart valve sewing cuffs coated with minocycline and rifampin.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · February 2002 Prosthetic heart valve sewing cuffs coated with minocycline and rifampin exhibited in vitro zones of inhibition against all 52 tested clinical isolates responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis. An in vitro elution study of these coated sewing cuffs de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changing patient characteristics and the effect on mortality in endocarditis.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · January 14, 2002 BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on recent demographic and microbiological changes in infective endocarditis (IE) and the impact of these changes on patient survival. METHODS: Data were collected from all patients with definite or possible IE at Duke Univers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of group B streptococci isolated from patients with invasive disease: 10-year perspective.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · December 2001 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 192 group B streptococcal isolates from patients with invasive disease demonstrated that 31 (16%) were resistant to erythromycin and 17 (9%) were resistant to clindamycin. One isolate demonstrated high-level resistan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hospital management of tuberculosis in a region with a low incidence of tuberculosis and a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 2001 We prospectively assessed the management of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in an area with a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and a low incidence of TB. Clinicians' assessments were sensitive for TB but had poor predictive va ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2001 Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia but is undoubtedly underdiagnosed. Isolation of S. pneumoniae from blood is specific but lacks sensitivity, while isolation of S. pneumoniae from sputum may represent coloniz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relevance of the number of positive bottles in determining clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci in blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 2001 Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most commonly isolated contaminants from blood cultures, yet they frequently cause true infections. Determining the clinical significance of CNS is difficult, and clinicians often consider the number of positi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Campylobacter fetus pericarditis in a patient with beta-thalassemia: case report and review of the literature.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Infect · September 2001 A case of pericardial effusion due to Campylobacter fetus in a patient with thalassemia is presented. The patient failed to respond to ceftriaxone and clarithromycin despite in vitro susceptibility, but improved after pericardiectomy and ampicillin. Perica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contamination of catheter-drawn blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 2001 To assess the risk of contamination, we reviewed retrospectively 1,408 matched pairs of simultaneous catheter-drawn and venipuncture blood cultures. Catheter-drawn cultures were equally likely to be truly positive (14.4 versus 13.7%) but more likely to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Journal Article Circulation · August 28, 2001 BACKGROUND: Although cardiac device infections (CDIs) are a devastating complication of permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the incidence of CDI in patients with bacteremia is not well defined. The objective of this study was t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Corneoscleral rim cultures: lack of utility and implications for clinical decision-making and infection prevention in the care of patients undergoing corneal transplantation.

Journal Article Cornea · August 2001 PURPOSE: To assess the utility of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the culture results of 774 corneoscleral rims that remained after trephination of corneas for transplantation into patients at our academic medical cente ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infectious disease pathology.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 1, 2001 The anatomic pathologist performs an important role in the diagnosis or exclusion of infectious diseases. The morphologic interpretation of biopsies and cytologic preparations allows for the definitive establishment or exclusion of a wide variety of diseas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of original vented aerobic fan medium with new nonvented BacT/ALERT FA medium for culturing blood.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2001 To evaluate the performance of BacT/ALERT FA (FA) medium, a new aerobic BacT/ALERT FAN (FAN) medium (Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, N.C.) that does not require the added cost and inconvenience of a venting unit, we inoculated blood specimens from adu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utility of paired BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC blood culture vials for detection of bacteremia, mycobacteremia, and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2001 In previous bloodstream infection studies in Malawi, we inoculated blood from a single venesection into a single BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (MFL) vial. Inoculation of one vial, however, would be expected to reduce the sensitivity of bloodstream pathogen detection ... Full text Link to item Cite

The intercellular adhesin locus ica is present in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bacteremic patients with infected and uninfected prosthetic joints.

Journal Article Med Microbiol Immunol · April 2001 Although polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) is thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of prosthetic device infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, its role in prosthetic device infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is unknown. To a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Significance of Clostridium tertium bacteremia in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: review of 32 cases.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · March 15, 2001 In the nonneutropenic host, bacteremia due to Clostridium tertium is rare and of unclear significance. We describe a patient in whom presentation with Clostridium tertium bacteremia was the harbinger of Crohn's disease. In order to understand the significa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of BACTEC plus anaerobic/F to standard anaerobic/F as the anaerobic companion bottle to plus aerobic/F medium for culturing blood from adults.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2001 To determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared Plus Anaerobic/F bottles with Standard Anaerobic/F bottles ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of BacT/ALERT FAN aerobic medium and BATEC fungal blood culture medium for detection of fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 2001 Yeasts are an increasingly common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Methods for their detection are many; controlled comparisons are few. The vented FAN aerobic blood culture medium has been shown to be superior to the standard BacT/ALERT aerobic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Seasonal variation in the etiology of bloodstream infections in a febrile inpatient population in a developing country.

Journal Article Int J Infect Dis · 2001 OBJECTIVES: Published data suggest that Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhi Salmonella species, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the predominant causes of bloodstream infection (BSI) in hospitalized populations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was condu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validity of cultures of fluid collected through drainage catheters versus those obtained by direct aspiration.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2001 To examine the validity of cultures of fluid collected through drainage catheters, we reviewed retrospectively fluid specimens that had been collected through catheters in place for at least 2 days. These specimens were taken from patients at a large terti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical microbiology in developing countries.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · 2001 We review the problem of limited microbiology resources in developing countries. We then demonstrate the feasibility of a cohort-based approach to integrate microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical medicine to survey emerging infections in these countries. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology and outcome of bloodstream infections in HIV-infected adults in the 1990s

Journal Article Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · January 1, 2001 Although improved antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced overall mortality and altered the natural history of HIV infection, its effect on the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of BSIs is not known. We compared 85 episodes of BSI in HIV-infected pe ... Full text Cite

Comparison of iodophor and alcohol pledgets with the Medi-Flex blood culture prep kit II for preventing contamination of blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 2000 Iodophor and alcohol pledgets were compared with the Medi-Flex Prep Kit II for skin disinfection before venipuncture. Of 12,367 blood cultures collected, 6,362 were done with conventional pledgets and 6, 005 were done with Medi-Flex kits. Contamination occ ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from endocarditis patients correlates with an intravascular device source.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 2000 Platelet microbicidal proteins (PMPs) are small antimicrobial peptides secreted by mammalian platelets. In vitro resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains to PMPs correlates with more extensive disease in experimental infective endocarditis (IE). To dete ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC and WAMPOLE ISOLATOR 10 (lysis-centrifugation) systems for detection of bacteremia, mycobacteremia, and fungemia in a developing country.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2000 In less-developed countries, studies of bloodstream infections (BSI) have been hindered because of the difficulty and costs of culturing blood for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. During two study periods (study period I [1997] and study period II [1998] ... Full text Link to item Cite

Significance of blood stream infection after lung transplantation: analysis in 176 consecutive patients.

Journal Article Transplantation · June 15, 2000 BACKGROUND: Although infection is a leading cause of death after lung transplantation, very little is known about the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical significance of bloodstream infections in lung transplant recipients. METHODS: All blood cultures we ... Full text Link to item Cite

A hospital-based prevalence survey of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Malawi: implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · April 2000 The etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in febrile (> or =37.5 degrees C) adults (> or =18 years old) in one Malawi hospital were determined during August and September 1997. After clinical evaluation, blood was drawn for comprehensive culture, human ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unrecognised Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Journal Article Lancet · January 8, 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Special section: Medical microbiology

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · January 1, 2000 Full text Cite

Unrecognised Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteraemia among hospital inpatients in less developed countries.

Journal Article Lancet · October 2, 1999 BACKGROUND: Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global public-health concern. Although early clinical recognition of M. tuberculosis in hospital inpatients is critical for effective infection control, such recognition may be difficul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bone marrow cultures for the diagnosis of mycobacterial and fungal infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · October 1999 SETTING: University medical center. OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of bone marrow cultures for mycobacteria and fungi in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Retrospective review of charts and laboratory records. RESULT ... Link to item Cite

United States geographic bacteria susceptibility patterns. 1997 ASCP Susceptibility Testing Group.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · October 1999 Antimicrobial drug resistance in bacterial pathogens continues, with 1997 seeing reports of Staphylococcus aureus no longer fully susceptible to vancomycin occurring in the United States. To better deal with this rapidly developing problem, we present the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fever and human immunodeficiency virus infection as sentinels for emerging mycobacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients >/=15 years old, Bangkok.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 1999 To determine the etiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hospitalized patients >/=15 years old in Thailand, prospectively enrolled, consecutive febrile (>/=38 degrees C) patients were admitted to one hospital during February-April 1997. After a patien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical comparison of bioMĂ©rieux VITAL and BACTEC NR-660 blood culture systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in adults.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 1999 A total of 9,446 blood cultures were collected from adult patients at three university-affiliated hospitals. Of these, 8,943 cultures were received with both aerobic bottles filled adequately; 885 yielded 1,016 microorganisms, including 622 isolates (61%) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pleural space infections: microbiology and antimicrobial therapy.

Journal Article Semin Respir Infect · March 1999 Although most recognized pleural space infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, enteric gram-negative bacilli, or anaerobic bacteria, the spectrum of possible pathogens is broad and includes fungi and even protozoa, reflect ... Link to item Cite

Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 1999 Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [+] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical importance of identifying coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures: evaluation of MicroScan Rapid and Dried Overnight Gram-Positive panels versus a conventional reference method.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1998 We evaluated the clinical usefulness of species identification of blood isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a predictor of the clinical significance of the isolates. In addition, we compared results of species identification obtained with Micro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical utility of cardiac valve Gram stain and culture in patients undergoing native valve replacement.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · May 1998 OBJECTIVES: To determine if routine cardiac valve culture is useful in diagnosing clinically unsuspected infective endocarditis in patients undergoing native valve replacement, to see if false-positive culture results have a deleterious effect on patient c ... Link to item Cite

Bile-esculin test for presumptive identification of enterococci and streptococci: effects of bile concentration, inoculation technique, and incubation time.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1998 The bile-esculin test is used to differentiate enterococci and group D streptococci from non-group D viridans group streptococci. The effects on test performance of the concentration of bile salts, inoculum, and duration of incubation were examined with 11 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal Mycobacterium tuberculosis bloodstream infections in febrile hospitalized adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 1998 Causes of community-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown with regard to mycobacteria and fungi. We prospectively studied 517 consecutive febrile (axillary temperature, > or =37.5 degrees C) adults (> or =15 years of age) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic microbiology updates: Introduction

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1998 Full text Cite

Diagnostic microbiology updates

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1998 Full text Cite

Clinical utility of broth cultures of cerebrospinal fluid from patients at risk for shunt infections.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 1997 For patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, culture of the CSF remains the most valuable tool in the evaluation of suspected shunt infections. To detect anaerobic Propionibacterium sp., a well-described cause of these infections, many clinical micr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of PCR, culture, and histopathology for diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 1997 Nucleic acid amplification techniques for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) are rapidly being developed. Scant work, however, has focused on pericardial TB. Using cryopreserved specimens from a prior study of pericarditis, we compared PCR to culture and h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of bioMĂ©rieux VITAL and BACTEC NR-660 systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1997 The bioMĂ©rieux VITAL automated blood culture system measures a decrease in fluorescence to detect the presence of microorganisms in blood. To assess the performance of VITAL with AER aerobic medium versus that of the nonradiometric BACTEC NR-660 PEDS PLUS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction. Issues concerning antifungal susceptibility testing.

Journal Article Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · May 1, 1997 Cite

The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 1997 To assess changes since the mid-1970s, we reviewed 843 episodes of positive blood cultures in 707 patients with septicemia. The five most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Klebsiella pneu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled clinical laboratory comparison of BACTEC plus aerobic/F resin medium with BacT/Alert aerobic FAN medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1997 Blood specimens collected from adult patients with suspected sepsis in four medical centers were inoculated into BACTEC Plus/F and BacT/Alert FAN aerobic culture bottles. Both bottles of 7,401 bottle pairs contained the prescribed blood volume of 8 to 12 m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacillus cereus necrotizing cellulitis mimicking clostridial myonecrosis: case report and review of the literature.

Journal Article Scand J Infect Dis · 1997 We describe a case of rapidly progressive necrotizing cellulitis in an immunocompromised farmer caused by Bacillus cereus, and review 15 additional cases of serious soft tissue infection due to this organism reported in the English language literature. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic microbiology updates

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1997 Full text Cite

Development of interpretive criteria and quality control limits for macrolide and clindamycin susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 1996 A six-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to develop MIC and zone diameter quality control limits and interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of similarity among coagulase-negative staphylococci from sequential blood cultures of neonates and children by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · November 1996 One of the criteria used to determine the clinical importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is isolation of the bacteria from sequential blood cultures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to characterize sequential blood isolates of CoN ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical importance of increased sensitivity of BacT/Alert FAN aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1996 Two recent multicenter blood culture studies found that BacT/Alert FAN (FAN) bottles (Organon Teknika, Durham, N.C.) had increased yields in detecting bacteremia and fungemia compared with standard BacT/Alert (STD) bottles. Because the clinical importance ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of Isolator 1.5 and BACTEC NR660 aerobic 6A blood culture systems for detection of fungemia in children.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1996 The Isolator 1.5 microbial system (ISO 1.5) (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.) was compared with the BACTEC NR660 aerobic NR6A bottle (NR6A) (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) for the detection of fungemia in hospitalized ped ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contemporary testing for enteric pathogens: the potential for cost, time, and health care savings.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1996 We sent a questionnaire to 79 clinical microbiology laboratories seeking information on contemporary practices when investigating for bacterial and protozoan enteric pathogens. Data from the 67 respondents (response rate of 85%) showed that a minority of l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic microbiology updates.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · July 1996 Full text Link to item Cite

Duration of incubation of fungal cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 1996 To determine the optimum duration of incubation for recovery of fungi, the results of 2,173 consecutive clinical cultures were reviewed. Overall, 94% of fungal isolates were detected by day 7 and 98% were detected by day 14. Yeasts were usually (98%) detec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost and time savings following introduction of rejection criteria for clinical specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1996 We have evaluated the yield of several tests and have instituted specimen rejection criteria to reduce costs and save time. For a 12-month period, we recorded the reduction of these tests and calculated the resultant cost and time savings. Seven changes we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rejection criteria for endotracheal aspirates from pediatric patients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1996 Endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from mechanically ventilated pediatric patients frequently are cultured as part of an evaluation for suspected sepsis. There are now well-defined criteria for rejecting low-yield ETAs from adults, but it is uncertain whether t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1996 Full text Cite

Molecular characterization and multilaboratory evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 for quality control of screening tests for vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 1995 Studies were conducted to validate the use of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (which is vancomycin resistant and resistant to high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin) and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (which is susceptible to vancomycin and against which gent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multilaboratory evaluation of screening methods for detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Study Group on Enterococci.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 1995 Since the early 1970s, the synergistic activity of an aminoglycoside with a cell wall-active agent has been predicted by determining the ability of an enterococcus to grow in the presence of high levels of the aminoglycoside (usually > or = 2,000 microgram ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of BacT/alert standard anaerobic and FAN anaerobic blood culture bottles for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1995 FAN medium was formulated to improve microbial recovery, particularly for fastidious microorganisms and for microorganisms causing sepsis in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy. In a controlled clinical evaluation performed at four university-affiliat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Value of routine anaerobic blood cultures for pediatric patients.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 1995 OBJECTIVE: Anaerobic bacteremia rarely occurs in children. Therefore we assessed the usefulness of routinely obtaining anaerobic blood cultures in our pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN: Records of 9360 paired aerobic anaerobic blood culture bottles (Bactec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid bacterial antigen detection is not clinically useful.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 1995 Latex agglutination (LA) of capsular polysaccharide bacterial antigen is a frequently performed laboratory procedure, but its use is controversial. To assess the clinical utility of this test, we reviewed all LA tests performed over a 10-month period at tw ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of BacT/Alert standard aerobic and FAN aerobic blood culture bottles for detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1995 A new medium, FAN, designed to enhance the recovery of microorganisms, has been developed for the BacT/Alert blood culture system (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.). We compared the yield and speed of detection of microorganisms in 6,847 adequately fill ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpretive criteria and quality control parameters for testing bacterial susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone PD131628.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1995 For testing bacterial susceptibility to PD131628, a 5-micrograms disk and the following tentative interpretive criteria may be used: > or = 19 mm for susceptible (MIC, < or = 1.0 micrograms/ml), 16 to 18 mm for intermediate (MIC, 2.0 micrograms/ml), and < ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical impact of bacteria and fungi recovered only from broth cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1995 We prospectively evaluated 356 bacteria and fungi recovered from broth enrichment tubes from cultures with sterile direct plates to determine the clinical impact of isolates recovered only from broth cultures. These "broth only" isolates (BOI) were classif ... Full text Link to item Cite

The diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection using a new antigen detection system.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · January 1995 With the widespread emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection, febrile patients in the tropics can no longer be empirically treated with inexpensive yet effective antimalarials. The substitution of newer and more costly drugs brings with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculous pericarditis in Tanzanian patients with and without HIV infection.

Journal Article Tuber Lung Dis · December 1994 SETTING: Large academic medical center in Tanzania. OBJECTIVES: To determine the etiologies and outcomes of large pericardial effusions in HIV-infected and uninfected patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of patients admitted with new large pericardia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subcultures of BACTEC-positive but gram or acridine orange stain-negative NR 6A and 7A blood culture bottles are unnecessary.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · November 1994 A prospective study was done to assess the comparative use of acridine orange and Gram stains for detecting false-positive BACTEC blood culture bottles, thereby eliminating unnecessary subcultures. A total of 1049 NR 6A and 7A bottles that were instrument- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpretive criteria and quality control for antimicrobial susceptibility tests of levofloxacin.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · October 1994 To confirm preliminary interpretive breakpoints for prototype 5 micrograms levofloxacin disks, 490 strains were tested in vitro using commercially manufactured disks. For in vitro susceptibility testing, 5 micrograms levofloxacin disks can be used with int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of 5 versus 10 milliliters of blood cultured in aerobic BacT/Alert blood culture bottles.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1994 Bottles developed for use in the BacT/Alert automated blood culture system (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.) can accept up to 10 ml of blood without falling below a 1:5 ratio of blood to broth. We compared the yield and speed of detection of microorgan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a standardized screening method for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1994 The incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci is increasing in the United States and elsewhere in the world, but automated susceptibility testing methods have difficulty detecting resistance expressed by certain strains. The agar screening metho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of commercial kits for detection of cryptococcal antigen.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1994 Although kits to detect cryptococcal antigen are used widely to diagnose cryptococcal infection, the comparative performance of commercially available assays has not been evaluated in the past decade. Therefore, we compared the sensitives and specificities ... Full text Link to item Cite

A five-year multicenter study of the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolates to cephalosporins, cephamins, penicillins, clindamycin, and metronidazole in the United States.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 1994 Over 2800 clinical strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group were collected during a 5-year period from ten geographically separate sites and tested for their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method. Among the ceph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated blood culture systems.

Journal Article Clin Lab Med · March 1994 For the first time, clinical microbiologists have the option of purchasing or leasing a variety of automated blood culture systems. Although the performance characteristics of the BACTEC radiometric and nonradiometric blood culture systems are well-documen ... Link to item Cite

A case-control study of nosocomial ampicillin-resistant enterococcal infection and colonization at a university hospital.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 1993 OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for colonization and nosocomial infection with ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE). DESIGN: Patients with ampicillin-resistant enterococci were compared retrospectively by logistic regression analysis with controls harb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic utility of postmortem blood cultures.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · October 1993 The autopsy is receiving renewed emphasis as a tool for quality assurance in clinical medicine. Postmortem blood cultures frequently are taken during the autopsy but are costly and of unclear diagnostic utility. To assess whether postmortem blood cultures ... Link to item Cite

Reliability of cord formation in BACTEC media for presumptive identification of mycobacteria.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1993 We evaluated cord formation in BACTEC media as a criterion for presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Auramine-rhodamine smears from 673 radiometrically positive BACTEC vials were examined. The presence of cording had a sensitivi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rejection criteria for endotracheal aspirates.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1993 Full text Link to item Cite

Application of rejection criteria for stool cultures for bacterial enteric pathogens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1993 Over 20 months, we prospectively assessed the yield of cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter spp. from adults and children. In the first 10 months, 53% (567 of 1,097) of specimens from adults were from patients who had been in the hospital f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rationale for selective use of anaerobic blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1993 Because of the declining frequency of anaerobic bacteremia, routinely using half the collected blood volume for anaerobic culture has been challenged. There is no data indicating whether more clinically relevant isolates would be recovered if all or most o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacteria in stool specimens: the nonvalue of smears for predicting culture results.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1993 A previous recommendation suggests that stool be cultured for mycobacteria only if the smear is positive. We have correlated smear and culture results of 2,176 stool specimens submitted for mycobacterial culture. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rejection criteria for endotracheal aspirates from adults.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1993 Although criteria have been established to assess the quality of sputum specimens, no criteria for assessing the quality of endotracheal suction aspirates (ETSA) exist. Therefore, we compared the Gram stain (GS) and culture results for 504 consecutive ETSA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpretive criteria and quality control parameters for determining bacterial susceptibility to fosfomycin tromethamine.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · May 1993 Studies with fosfomycin tromethamine disks containing 200 micrograms of fosfomycin and 50 micrograms of glucose-6-phosphate confirmed the following zone diameter criteria for the NCCLS method: < or = 12 mm for resistant (MIC > or = 256 micrograms/ml), 13-1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of the BACTEC high-blood-volume fungal medium, BACTEC Plus 26 aerobic blood culture bottle, and 10-milliliter isolator blood culture system for detection of fungemia and bacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1993 The BACTEC high-blood-volume fungal medium (HBV-FM) (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) was compared with the Isolator (IS) tube and the BACTEC Plus 26 (BP26) blood culture bottle for the ability to recover fungi from the blood of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recovery of clinically important microorganisms from the BacT/Alert blood culture system does not require testing for seven days.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · January 1993 Recently, we published a comparison of the BacT/Alert blood culture system with the BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture system using blood inocula of 5 ml per bottle. By reanalyzing data collected during that study, we found that, for true-positive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fecal leukocytes in stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · 1993 To determine their diagnostic utility, fecal leukocytes were sought by methylene blue stain in 502 consecutive stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay. In addition, the stability of fecal leukocytes was assessed by daily examination ... Full text Link to item Cite

RP 59500, a new streptogramin highly active against recent isolates of North American staphylococci.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · 1993 To assess the potential clinical utility of RP 59500, 10 investigators from separate locations in the United States and Canada each tested approximately 200 current isolates of staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci) by a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Application of rejection criteria for stool ovum and parasite examinations.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 1992 We retrospectively determined the yield of 2,015 stool ovum and parasite (O&P) examinations performed over an 11-month period. Two aspects were evaluated: the yield of positive results from multiple specimens per patient versus the result of a single exami ... Full text Link to item Cite

General guidelines for clinical bacteriology. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 1992 This guideline summarizes recommendations for (1) developing cogent procedures for diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; (2) developing quality-control parameters for the microbiological components of clinical trials; (3) continually updating ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. Results from a Multicenter, National Comparative Activity Surveillance Study. The Ofloxacin Surveillance Group.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · July 1992 Ofloxacin, a newer broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 6967 clinical isolates in a multicenter surveillance trial using a standardized disk diffusion method. Thirty-five geographically diverse laboratories contributed zone diameter result ... Full text Link to item Cite

Revision of standards for adjusting the cation content of Mueller-Hinton broth for testing susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1992 A multilaboratory study was undertaken to reassess the amount of calcium and magnesium that should be added to Mueller-Hinton broth when testing Pseudomonas aeruginosa against amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. To achieve parity ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture systems.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1992 In a collaborative study at three university hospitals, the recovery of microorganisms and the speed of detection of microbial growth by the BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, N.C.) and BACTEC 660/730 (Becton-Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of BACTEC PLUS 27 and Roche Septi-Chek anaerobic blood culture bottles.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1992 Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems (Sparks, Md.) recently introduced BACTEC high-volume aerobic and anaerobic bottles that accept up to 10 ml of blood for use on their nonradiometric blood culture instruments. Both bottles contain 25 ml of tryp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of BACTEC Plus 26 and Roche Septi-Chek aerobic blood culture bottles.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1991 Blood culture bottles that accept up to 10 ml of blood have recently been introduced for the BACTEC nonradiometric blood culture system. The new formulation, designated BACTEC Plus, contains 25 ml of tryptic soy broth, 0.05% sodium polyanetholesulfonate, a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Issues in cerebrospinal fluid management. Acid-fast bacillus smear and culture.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 1991 Meningeal tuberculosis is an uncommon disease in the United States with an annual incidence of fewer than 200 cases. This study evaluates three approaches to improving the use of the cerebrospinal (CSF) acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear and culture procedure: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Issues in cerebrospinal fluid management. CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory testing.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 1991 Three policies for decreasing unnecessary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) management Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests were compared. The first policy attempted to educate physicians about the use of serologic tests for diagnosing neurosyphilis b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacteremia in granulocytopenic patients in a tertiary-care general hospital.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1991 Episodes of bacteremia in granulocytopenic patients during 1985 and 1986 at a tertiary-care general hospital were reviewed to assess the adequacy of current empiric antimicrobial therapy. The major pathogens in these cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ente ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid activity against tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages and in the BACTEC system.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 1990 Pyrazinamide (PZA) has become an essential component of current 6-month regimens for therapy of tuberculosis. Susceptible strains of tubercle bacilli convert PZA to pyrazinoic acid (POA) through pyrazinamidase (PZase), which resistant strains and Mycobacte ... Full text Link to item Cite

BacT/Alert: an automated colorimetric microbial detection system.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1990 BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, N.C.) is an automated microbial detection system based on the colorimetric detection of CO2 produced by growing microorganisms. Results of an evaluation of the media, sensor, detection system, and detection algori ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of altered headspace atmosphere on yield and speed of detection of the Oxoid Signal blood culture system versus the BACTEC radiometric system.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1990 The one-bottle Oxoid Signal blood culture system altered to provide a more aerobic bottle headspace was reassessed in a comparative study versus the two-bottle BACTEC radiometric system in 5,426 blood cultures. The BACTEC system detected more microorganism ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interpretive criteria and quality control limits for ceftibuten disk susceptibility tests. Collaborative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Group.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1990 In vitro studies were undertaken to evaluate susceptibility tests with 30-micrograms ceftibuten disks. The following interpretive criteria were proposed: less than or equal to 17 mm for resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) and greate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled comparison of a new Becton Dickinson agar slant blood culture system with Roche Septi-Chek for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 1989 Two commercially available agar slide blood culture systems, Septi-Chek (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J.) and VACUTAINER agar slant (Becton Dickinson [BD] Vacutainer Systems, Rutherford, N.J.), were compared in 5,628 paired blo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of radiometric tryptic soy broth versus radiometric tryptic soy broth with 10% sucrose for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 1989 We compared BACTEC radiometric blood culture media with (8B) and without (6B) 10% sucrose for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients at four university teaching hospitals that used identical methods for obtaining and processing spec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and immunologic significance of cholera-like toxin and cytotoxin production by Campylobacter species in patients with acute inflammatory diarrhea in the USA.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 1989 The humoral immune response to both Campylobacter jejuni cell surface antigens and to potential toxins of the organism was studied in 64 adults with inflammatory diarrhea. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for surface antigens, 17 (71%) of 24 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of agitation and terminal subcultures on yield and speed of detection of the Oxoid Signal blood culture system versus the BACTEC radiometric system.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1989 In an initial evaluation, we found the Oxoid Signal blood culture system inferior to the BACTEC radiometric system for detection of some microorganisms causing septicemia (M. P. Weinstein, S. Mirrett, and L. B. Reller, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:962-964, 1988) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of enteric coagulase-negative staphylococci from neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · March 1989 We investigated the possible role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in necrotizing enterocolitis. Stool coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from neonates during an outbreak of rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis were analyzed by a variet ... Link to item Cite

Short-course therapy for catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · March 1989 To determine the efficacy of "short-course" therapy (less than 17 days) for Staphylococcus aureus catheter-associated bacteremia, 13 patients were prospectively followed up for at least three months after completion of therapy. A single patient relapsed af ... Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of Giardia lamblia infections by detection of parasite-specific antigens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1989 Antigen detection methods may facilitate diagnosis of Giardia lamblia in stool specimens. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and immunoblotting, G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites share several antigens, espe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid radiometric method for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Journal Article Res Microbiol · 1989 Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the most important drugs in modern chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Since PZA is active only at an acid pH, testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to PZA is difficult and timeconsuming. Therefore, we evaluated th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in subjects with NIDDM in San Luis Valley of Colorado.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · October 1988 This study examined whether non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects have an increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetic (n = 206) and normal (n = 418) subjects were identified from ... Full text Link to item Cite

Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1988 Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of modified trypticase soy broth versus supplemented peptone broth in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · June 1988 In vitro, 1.2% gelatin counteracts the inhibition of growth of bacterial species by sodium polyanetholsulfonate in blood culture media. Additionally, 1% yeast extract has been used to promote bacterial growth. We compared the performance of supplemented pe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of Oxoid Signal and BACTEC radiometric blood culture systems for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1988 The Oxoid Signal (Oxoid U.S.A., Inc., Columbia, Md.) blood culture system is a newly described, innovative method for visually detecting growth of microorganisms (D. Sawney, S. Hinder, D. Swaine, and E.Y. Bridson, J. Clin. Pathol. 39:1259-1263, 1986). We d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of blood culture medium containing gelatin and V-factor-analog for detection of septicemia in children.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1988 Both Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae are important isolates recovered in blood cultures from septicemic children. Sodium polyanetholsulfonate is present in most blood culture media and can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, including ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin during therapy: proof provided by typing with a DNA probe.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · April 1988 Differentiating reinfection from the acquisition of resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after antimicrobial therapy is difficult because currently used epidemiological markers are not stable genetic markers. We previously established that a 741 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of the serum bactericidal test as a predictor of outcome in osteomyelitis

Journal Article Infectious Diseases Newsletter · January 1, 1988 Full text Cite

A multicenter comparative trial of three-day norfloxacin vs ten-day sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · October 1987 Two-hundred nine patients with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection and pyuria were randomized to 400 mg of administered norfloxacin twice daily for three days, or 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim administered twice daily for ten ... Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of trypticase soy broth with and without gelatin and yeast extract in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · September 1987 The addition of gelatin to blood culture media has been suggested to prevent the inhibition of Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius that is caused by sodium polyanetholsulfonate. To determi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of modified radiometric blood culture medium supplemented with gelatin for detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1987 Although the addition of 1.2% gelatin to broth blood culture media containing sodium polyanetholesulfonate has been shown to enhance detection of certain bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Gardner ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter collaborative evaluation of a standardized serum bactericidal test as a predictor of therapeutic efficacy in acute and chronic osteomyelitis.

Journal Article Am J Med · August 1987 Forty-eight episodes of osteomyelitis, 30 acute and 18 chronic, were evaluated in a prospective multicenter collaborative study to determine whether a standardized serum bactericidal test could predict outcome of infection. All centers used a microdilution ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryptosporidium species, a protean protozoan.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 1987 Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of medium and atmosphere of incubation for isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · March 1987 To evaluate the effects of medium and atmosphere of incubation for the isolation of group A (GA) streptococci from throat cultures, we compared 1098 throat swabs plated on each of three blood agar plates (BAP). Two plates contained trimethoprim-sulfamethox ... Full text Link to item Cite

Underlying complement deficiency in patients with disseminated gonococcal infection.

Journal Article Sex Transm Dis · 1987 The complement system was evaluated in 22 individuals with disseminated gonococcal infection. Three of the 22 patients exhibited a total serum complement activity that was greater than 2 SD below the normal mean. Of these three, one had a complete deficien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocysticercosis in the United States: 35 cases and a review.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1987 Neurocysticercosis has become more prominent in the United States in recent years because of an increase in immigration from endemic regions and because of improved ease of diagnosis with computed tomography (CT). Neurocysticercosis should be suspected in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical importance of polymicrobial bacteremia.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · September 1986 Ninety-one episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia and fungemia were compared with 407 unimicrobial episodes to assess differences in the microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of the two syndromes. Enterobacteriaceae, nongroup A streptococci ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meningococcemia and acquired complement deficiency. Association in patients with hepatic failure.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · August 1986 We treated two patients with severe hepatic failure complicated by meningococcemia. Serum complement profiles performed on these patients found low total hemolytic complement assays, normal concentrations of C1q, and low or undetectable concentrations of C ... Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of the agar-slide and radiometric blood culture systems for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1986 A commercially available agar-slide blood culture bottle (Septi-Chek; Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.) was compared with the radiometric blood culture system (BACTEC; Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) in 8,544 paired bl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The serum bactericidal test.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1986 The serum bactericidal test (SBT) has been used for almost 40 years to monitor therapy in patients with bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and other serious infections. The SBT is basically a variation of the broth dilution test adapted to assess the a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiating pyogenic arthritis from spontaneous hemarthrosis in patients with hemophilia.

Journal Article West J Med · January 1986 Pyogenic arthritis in patients with hemophilia is predominantly monoarticular, usually involving the knee, is associated with hemophilic arthropathy and other predisposing factors for infection, is mainly due to Staphylococcus aureus and carries serious mo ... Link to item Cite

Adjunctive erythromycin treatment for idiopathic preterm labor: results of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · January 1986 Pathogenesis and optimal treatment and prevention of preterm labor remain incompletely understood. Entry of cervical/vaginal microorganisms into lower uterine tissues has been implicated in preterm labor and may be amenable to specific therapy. Fifty-eight ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aspergillus clavatus endocarditis involving a normal aortic valve following coronary artery surgery.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1986 Aspergillus species causing endocarditis on a native heart valve is a rare occurrence with an exceedingly high mortality. This report describes a 60-year-old man who developed Aspergillus clavatus endocarditis of the aortic valve 18 months after coronary a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Viral contamination of intradermal skin test syringes.

Journal Article Ann Allergy · December 1985 Intradermal skin tests are often performed using a common syringe with multiple needles. Bacterial contamination of intradermal skin test syringes can occur as a result of apparent siphoning caused by needle changing. The bacterial contamination of the syr ... Link to item Cite

Questions and answers

Journal Article Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · December 1, 1985 Full text Cite

Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from burned patients.

Journal Article Burns Incl Therm Inj · August 1985 We retrieved bacterial blood isolates from 397 adult burned patients admitted over a 7-year period. Sixty-two patients (15.6 per cent) developed true-positive bacterial blood cultures (judged non-contaminants), and of these 30 (48.4 per cent) expired. Pseu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of sodium polyanetholesulfonate and gelatin on the recovery of Gardnerella vaginalis from blood culture media.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1985 Sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) is used as a routine supplement to blood culture media to enhance recovery of microorganisms, but it inhibits the growth of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptobacillus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical comparison of an agar slide blood culture bottle with tryptic soy broth and a conventional blood culture bottle with supplemented peptone broth.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1985 The Roche Septi-Chek biphasic blood culture system with tryptic soy broth was compared with a conventional blood culture bottle with supplemented peptone broth in 6,956 paired blood cultures from adult patients. Both systems were inoculated with equal volu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of Trypticase soy broth in agar slide and conventional blood culture systems.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1985 A commercially available biphasic blood culture system that utilizes an attachable agar slide paddle and Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) was compared with a conventional Trypticase soy broth blood culture bottle in 6,867 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of supplemented peptone and Bactec blood culture broths for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1985 Comparison of conventional blood culture media with newer formulations of Bactec media for radiometric detection are lacking. Therefore, we compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms with supplemented peptone broth (SP ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of a sodium polyanetholesulfonate disk for the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1985 Several methods have been previously suggested for the presumptive identification of Gardnerella vaginalis in clinical laboratories, but none is entirely satisfactory. We previously found that sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) inhibits G. vaginalis in blo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter collaborative evaluation of a standardized serum bactericidal test as a prognostic indicator in infective endocarditis.

Journal Article Am J Med · February 1985 One hundred twenty-nine patients with bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in a multicenter collaborative study to determine whether a standardized serum bactericidal test could predict the outcome of the infection. All centers used a microdilution test m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · September 1984 To determine whether employing antibiograms is useful to separate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, we determined the MICs of 12 antibiotics for 104 human clinical strains and 74 swine strains. Of 74 swine strains, 5 (7%) were hippurate positive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia: a review of thirty cases.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · August 1984 The authors documented thirty cases of bacteremia, all in gynecologic and obstetric patients, over a four-year period at a university hospital. Sixteen of the patients had polymicrobial infections. Most of the patients recovered completely whether or not a ... Link to item Cite

Interaction of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime against pathogenic bacteria. Assessment with the serum bactericidal test.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · June 1984 Cefotaxime (CTX), a third-generation cephalosporin with high potency against virtually all Enterobacteriaceae as well as many other clinically important facultative and anaerobic bacteria, is metabolized in vivo to desacetylcefotaxime (des-CTX), which also ... Link to item Cite

Clinical importance of "breakthrough" bacteremia.

Journal Article Am J Med · February 1984 Fifty-one episodes of bacteremia and a single episode of fungemia occurred during treatment with seemingly adequate doses of appropriate antibiotics. Clinical findings in these "breakthrough" bacteremias and fungemia were compared with those in 448 non-bre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Serogrouping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of serogroup with disseminated gonococcal infection.

Journal Article Sex Transm Dis · 1984 Gonococci can be divided into serogroups WI, WII, and WIII by coagglutination. To assess the clinical correlation of serogroups of gonococci, we studied isolates of gonococci from patients with disseminated and uncomplicated gonococcal infections in three ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single-dose amoxicillin therapy with follow-up urine culture

Journal Article The American Journal of Medicine · January 1, 1984 Full text Cite

Effect of pyridoxal on growth of nutritionally variant streptococci and other bacteria on sheep blood agar.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · December 1983 Supplementation of sheep blood agar with pyridoxal hydrochloride or pyridoxamine dihydrochloride aided recovery of nutritionally variant streptococci; however, it was found to prevent recovery of 6 of 173 (3%) primary isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibiotic excretion into the bile.

Journal Article J Pediatr Surg · December 1983 Full text Link to item Cite

The contribution of leukocytes and bacteria to the low pH of empyema fluid.

Journal Article Am Rev Respir Dis · November 1983 Empyema fluid characteristically has a low pleural fluid pH, and it has been demonstrated that this fluid has a high acid-generating capacity. To evaluate the contribution of leukocytes and bacteria to the low pH of empyema fluid, an experimental model of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of transport media for Campylobacter jejuni in human fecal specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 1983 It is not always possible to culture feces immediately, and appropriate methods for transport of human specimens, unlike those from animals, have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we took serial subcultures in two phases from six transport media inocula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recent and innovative methods for detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article Am J Med · July 28, 1983 Advances continue to be made in methods for more reliable or more rapid means of detecting bacteremia and fungemia. The importance of blood sample volume and broth dilution has been established in controlled studies. New technology includes the use of resi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The pathogenesis of the low pleural fluid pH in esophageal rupture.

Journal Article Am Rev Respir Dis · June 1983 To determine the possible mechanisms responsible for the low pH pleural effusion associated with esophageal rupture we evaluated the following possibilities: (1) gastric acid reflux, (2) bacterial metabolism, and (3) leukocyte metabolism. Neither eliminati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium at a 1:5 ratio of blood to broth for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 1983 The value of hypertonic media in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, since prior clinical trials have yielded conflicting results with different media. Earlier, we showed that the addition of 10% sucrose to supplemented peptone broth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of congenital or acquired complement deficiency in patients with sporadic meningococcal disease.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · April 21, 1983 We evaluated the complement system in 20 patients presenting with a first episode of meningococcal meningitis, meningococcemia, or meningococcal pericarditis. Assays of total serum complement activity were performed prospectively in 12 patients and retrosp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of incubation atmosphere and temperature on isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from human stools.

Journal Article Can J Microbiol · April 1983 To determine the optimal conditions for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from human fecal specimens, we compared incubation atmospheres that contained about 5, 10, and 15% oxygen with the 17% oxygen produced in candle jars and also compared incubation tem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of atmosphere and duration of incubation on primary isolation of group A streptococci from throat cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1983 The optimal incubation conditions for isolation of group A streptococci from throat cultures are controversial. Therefore, we compared the effects of aerobic and anaerobic incubations after 24 and 48 h on the recovery of group A streptococci. Throat swabs ... Full text Link to item Cite

The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. II. Clinical observations, with special reference to factors influencing prognosis.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1983 Among 500 patients with bacteremia and fungemia, total mortality was 42%; about half of all deaths were attributable directly to infection. Mortality increased with age, but deaths unrelated to infection itself were responsible in part for this increase. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. I. Laboratory and epidemiologic observations.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1983 Five hundred episodes of septicemia were reviewed, with emphasis on laboratory and epidemiologic findings. The isolation of facultative and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, fungi, and gram-positive cocci (except viridans streptococci and Staphylococcus epi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single-dose amoxicillin therapy with follow-up urine culture. Effective initial management for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Journal Article Am J Med · December 1982 To learn whether a single dose of amoxicillin is safe, effective therapy for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, 388 symptomatic nonpregnant women were randomly grouped to receive oral amoxicillin, either as a single 3 g dose of 250 mg three time ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of the effect of atmosphere of incubation on detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1982 To evaluate the role of atmosphere of incubation in the detection of clinically important bacteremia and fungemia in adults, we compared the yield of microorganisms from 10,541 paired 5-ml samples of blood incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The mediu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1982 Because the value of hypertonic media in detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, we evaluated supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholsulfonate with and without 10% sucrose in 5,439 paired blood cultures from adult pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of CampyPak II with standard 5% oxygen and candle jars for growth of Campylobacter jejuni from human feces.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1982 To determine optimal temperature and atmospheric conditions for isolating Campylobacter jejuni from fecal specimens of humans, we studied six laboratory isolates and 19 fecal specimens that were known to contain C. jejuni. We compared incubations in 5% oxy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of supplemented peptone broth with sodium polyanetholesulfonate and trypticase soy broth with sodium amylosulfate for detection of septicemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1982 We compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms from 10,156 paired 5-ml samples of blood cultured in supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) or Trypticase soy broth (TSB) with 0.5% ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of acridine orange, methylene blue, and Gram stains for blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1982 Direct microscopic screening of blood cultures by Gram stain or methylene blue stain is time consuming and frequently insensitive. Therefore, we evaluated a fluorescent-staining procedure that uses acridine orange (AO) at pH 3.5 and compared it with the me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlled evaluation of the volume of blood cultured in detection of bacteremia and fungemia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · April 1982 To evaluate the role of the volume of blood cultured in the detection of clinically important bacteremia and fungemia in adults, we evaluated the yield and speed of detection of microorganisms from 5,317 paired 2- and 5-ml samples of blood. The same kind o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Campylobacter enteritis in Denver.

Journal Article West J Med · April 1982 To determine the relative importance of Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrheal illness in patients coming to three hospitals in Denver, we cultured stool specimens from 2,670 patients over a two-year period. C jejuni was identified in the feces of 12 ... Link to item Cite

Correlation of serum bactericidal activity with antimicrobial agent level and minimal bactericidal concentration.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · February 1982 Few data are available to show how serum dilution test results correlate with results of antimicrobial assays and determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Serum dilution tests were performed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Double-blind placebo controlled trial of erythromycin for treatment of Campylobacter enteritis.

Journal Article Lancet · January 16, 1982 Although most strains of Campylobacter jejuni are susceptible in vitro to erythromycin and the drug has been recommended for treatment of campylobacter enteritis, prospective controlled trials have not been done. Erythromycin (250 mg 6-hourly for adults an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dark-field microscopy of human feces for presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enteritis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1982 To determine the value of direct dark-field microscopy for diagnosing enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, we examined 1,377 human fecal specimens for bacteria with typical Campylobacter darting motility, leukocytes, and erythrocytes. Eighty ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of atmospheres of incubation for primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from animal specimens: 5% oxygen versus candle jar.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 1982 An atmosphere with reduced oxygen tension is required for the primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Therefore, we compared use of the conventional atmosphere of 5% oxygen and 8% carbon dioxide with use of a candle jar (17% oxygen and 3% c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Campylobacter enteritis.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · December 10, 1981 Full text Link to item Cite

CSF in herpes zoster meningoencephalitis.

Journal Article Arch Neurol · October 1981 Full text Link to item Cite

Growth of nutritionally variant streptococci on common laboratory and 10 commercial blood culture media.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1981 Nutritionally variant streptococci fail to grow on routine sheep blood agar plates. Moreover, these strains are a recognized cause of culture-negative endocarditis. We tested the ability of chocolate and brucella blood agars, sheep blood agar with a staphy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of acridine orange and Gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1981 Acridine orange, a fluorochrome strain, is potentially superior to the Gram stain in the direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens because it gives striking differential staining between bacteria and background cells and debris. Its value in cli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains inhibited by vancomycin in selective media and correlation with auxotype.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1981 Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that failed to grow on Thayer-Martin (T-M) and Martin-Lewis (M-L) media accounted for 2.0% of isolates at the University of Colorado Hospital and its Venereal Disease Clinic. A total of 31 inhibited and 31 control strains w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Granulomatous tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Sporothrix schenckii.

Journal Article Am J Med · July 1981 Although the usual form of sporotrichosis is a lymphocutaneous lesion, Sporothrix schenckii can cause articular disease that is difficult to diagnose. We describe two patients with sporotrichosis who presented with tenosynovitis and the carpal tunnel syndr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality control limits for ampicillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin disk diffusion susceptibility tests: a collaborative study.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1981 A multilaboratory in vitro study was carried out to determine disk diffusion susceptibility testing quality control limits for two new semisynthetic penicillins, mezlocillin and piperacillin. Existing limits for carbenicillin and ampicillin were reevaluate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 44 antimicrobial agents against three standard control strains in broth with and without human serum.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · June 1981 Standard minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are not established for most antimicrobial agents against strains of bacteria commonly used for quality control in susceptibility testing. The effects of cation and human serum supplementation of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leptospirosis in a traveler from Honduras.

Journal Article Colo Med · June 1981 Link to item Cite

Evaluation of transport and storage techniques for isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from turkey cecal specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1981 Immediate culturing of fecal specimens is not always possible, and appropriate methods for transport and storage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni specimens have not been fully evaluated. Using nine techniques, we studied the survival of C. fetus subsp. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibiotic concentrations in human parapneumonic effusions.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · February 1981 Full text Link to item Cite

Acute suppurative parotitis associated with anaerobic bacteremia.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · February 1981 Most episodes of acute suppurative parotitis are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Reported here is a patient who had acute parotitis associated with anaerobic sepsis caused by Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Peptostreptococcus micros. Acute parotitis shoul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from migratory waterfowl.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1980 Since the sources from which humans acquire Campylobacter enteritis are only partially known, we studied the frequency of carriage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in migratory waterfowl. Cecal contents of various species of wild ducks were cultured on ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enriched brucella medium for storage and transport of cultures of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1980 A semisolid brucella medium with 10% sheep blood was used for storage and transport of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni and subsp. intestinalis and kept isolated alive about 3 weeks or longer at 25 degrees C or when sent through the regular mail. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Serotypes and penicillin susceptibility of pneumococci isolated from blood.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 1980 To learn the prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci and the distribution of serotypes in proved pneumococcal infections, we studied 98 pneumococci recovered from blood over a 4-year period. Penicillin susceptibility was determined by the agar dilut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of in vitro activity of moxalactam (LY127935) with cefazolin, amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin against 420 blood culture isolates.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 1980 To compare the in vitro activity of moxalactam (LY127935), a new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, with cefazolin, amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin, each drug was tested against 420 bacterial isolates from the blood of s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Activity of cefamandole, cefoxitin, ampicillin and gentamicin against 419 bacteria isolated from blood of patients with sepsis.

Journal Article Chemotherapy · 1980 To compare the in vitro activity of cefamandole with ampicillin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, each antimicrobial was tested against 419 bacteria isolated from the blood of patients with proved sepsis. Cefamandole was active against all gram-positive cocci ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Auricular sporotrichosis in a brick mason.

Journal Article Arch Dermatol · October 1979 A case of cutaneous sporotrichosis involving the auricle of a brick mason is reported. Despite the infrequency of such an infection, sporotrichosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of perichondritis. The occupational associations with Sporo ... Link to item Cite

Comparison of direct and standard antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing for bacteria isolated from blood.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 1979 To determine the reliability of early antimicrobial susceptibility testing, we compared the results of direct and standard single-disk diffusion methods for 581 positive blood cultures processed routinely by the clinical microbiology laboratory. The direct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Campylobacter enteritis: clinical and epidemiologic features.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · August 1979 Campylobacter fetus subspecies (ssp.) jejuni has been recently recognized to cause diarrheal disease in man. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen, we prospectively studied 514 patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of preservative fluid for urine collected for culture.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 1979 Immediate culture or refrigeration of urine is recommended, but not always practical. Therefore, we evaluated the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit containing a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate preservative in a study of 1,000 clinical urine specimens. ... Full text Link to item Cite

False-positive Gram-stained smears.

Journal Article JAMA · February 2, 1979 The rate per 1,000 smears showing nonviable Gram-negative bacilli (false-positive smears) increased from a baseline of 10.8 to 38.5 following purchase of new culture-collection devices; the rate decreased to 8.0 following replacement of contaminated cultur ... Link to item Cite

Valve resection for endocarditis.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · February 1979 Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative activity in vitro of cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine

Journal Article Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental · January 1, 1979 Cite

Tuberculoid tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Mycobacterium szulgai.

Journal Article Am J Med · August 1978 Mycobacterium szulgai, a scotochromogenic mycobacterium, is a newly recognized pathogen of man and has been reported to cause pulmonary infections, olecranon bursitis and cervical adenitis. We isolated M. szulfai from granulomatous tissue removed at surger ... Full text Link to item Cite

Successful treatment of Brucella melitensis end-carditis.

Journal Article Am J Med · May 1978 Brucella endocarditis is a rare, but often fatal, complication of brucellosis. A 32 year old man acquired brucellosis while on a visit to his former home in Greece and presented six months later with malaise, fever and aortic regurgitation. Blood cultures ... Full text Link to item Cite

Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from human infections to twenty antibiotics.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1977 The proper choice of antibiotic for Clostridium perfringens infections in patients allergic to penicillin is not clear; the usual recommendations and recent in vitro studies disagree. We tested the susceptibility of 57 strains of C. perfringens to eight pe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Limulus amebocyte lysate test in neonates.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · December 1976 The limulus amebocyte lysate test for endotoxin was done on samples of blood from 22 well babies and 33 neonates in an intensive-care nursery. The objective was to determine whether falsely positive test results occurred in samples from newborn infants dur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shigellosis in the United States: ten-year review of nationwide surveillance, 1964-1973.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · November 1976 In the 10 years 1964-1973, 105,832 isolations of shigellae were reported to the Center for Disease Control through a nationwide surveillance system. The number reported increased by approximately 13% annually, from 5852 in 1964, when only 17 centers report ... Full text Link to item Cite

Absence of bacteremia after insertion or removal of intrauterine devices.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · February 1976 A prospective study of the risk of bacteremia in 84 women having insertion and in 16 women having removal of intrauterine devices was performed. Bacteremia was not found in any of these 100 women at 1 to 3, 15, or 30 minutes after the procedure or in any o ... Link to item Cite

Bacterial endocarditis caused by Oerskovia turbata.

Journal Article Ann Intern Med · November 1975 Oerskovia turbata is a yellow, motile actinomycete, which before now has only been found in soil and has not been known to cause disease in man or animals. It was isolated from 29 cultures of blood taken during 6 months from an urban pensioner after homogr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Motility-indole-lysine-sulfide medium.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1975 A medium designed for the detection of motility, indole, lysine decarboxylase and deaminase reactions, and H2S production was devised and evaluated. Results, using 157 strains of enteric pathogens, were in agreement with reference methods. When 300 isolate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Motility-indole-lysine medium for presumptive identification of enteric pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1975 Detection of lysine decarboxylase activity is a useful supplement to reactions on triple sugar-iron (TSI) and urea agars in the initial examination of suspected pathogenic isolates from fecal cultures. Owing to the added value of motility and indole produc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endocarditis caused by Bacillus subtilis.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · November 1973 Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of cefazolin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1973 Cefazolin sodium was tested in vitro against 308 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus. Broth and agar dilution and disk diffusion techniques were use ... Full text Link to item Cite

GRANULOMATOUS HEPATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

Journal Article The Lancet · 1973 Abnormal liver-function tests are characteristic of acquired cytomegalovirus (C.M.V.) infection. Previous descriptions of liver-biopsy specimens in published reports on C.M.V. mononucleosis have not described hepatic granulomas. A previously healthy young ... Full text Cite

Epidemic shiga dysentery in Central America. II. Epidemiologic studies in 1969

Journal Article Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana · August 1, 1971 Cite

Colicin typing as an epidemiological tool in the investigation of outbreaks of Shigella sonnei.

Journal Article Appl Microbiol · January 1971 Shigella sonnei has become the most frequently reported cause of shigellosis in the United States. Since Shigella subgroup D has no other serotypes, colicin production has been used as a basis for differentiating and identifying epidemiologically related s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemic shiga dysentery in Central America.

Journal Article Lancet · September 26, 1970 Full text Link to item Cite

Shigellosis in custodial institutions.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · September 1970 Full text Link to item Cite

Shigellosis among Indians.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · March 1970 Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction

Journal Article Culture and Contagion, a special issue of American Literary History Cite