Scholars@Duke
Berndt Mueller

Berndt Mueller

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Physics
Physics
muller@phy.duke.edu
Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708-0305
261-D Physics Bldg, Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0305

Selected Publications

The Nonabelian Plasma is Chaotic

Preprint · September 2, 2024 Link to item Cite

The present and future of QCD

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · July 1, 2024 This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward ... Full text Cite

Entanglement entropy of (2+1)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory on plaquette chains

Journal Article Physical Review D · July 1, 2024 We study the entanglement entropy of Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions on linear plaquette chains and show that the entanglement entropies of both ground and excited states follow Page curves. The transition of the subsystem size dep ... Full text Cite

Two splits, three ways: advances in double splitting quenches

Journal Article Journal of High Energy Physics · May 1, 2024 In this work we introduce a method for calculating holographic duals of BCFTs with more than two boundaries. We apply it to calculating the dynamics of entanglement entropy in a 1+1d CFT that is instantaneously split into multiple segments and calculate th ... Full text Cite

“QGP Signatures” revisited

Journal Article The European Physical Journal C · March 8, 2024 AbstractWe revisit the graphic table of QCD signatures in our 1996 Annual Reviews article “The Search for the Quark–Gluon Plasma” and assess the progress that has been made since its publication t ... Full text Cite

Dense nuclear matter equation of state from heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2024 The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under condition ... Full text Cite

Eigenstate thermalization in (2+1)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 2024 We present preliminary numerical evidence for the hypothesis that the Hamiltonian SU(2) gauge theory discretized on a lattice obeys the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). To do so we study three approximations: (a) a linear plaquette chain in a re ... Full text Cite

Hadronic J/ψ regeneration in Pb+Pb collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · November 10, 2023 We make use of published yields for D-mesons and J/ψ in Pb+Pb collisions at ALICE and a schematic description of the expansion of the hadron gas to study D-meson collisions during the hadronic break-up phase as a production mechanism for charmonium in rela ... Full text Cite

Simple Hamiltonian for quantum simulation of strongly coupled (2+1) D SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a honeycomb lattice

Journal Article Physical Review D · November 1, 2023 We find a simple spin Hamiltonian to describe physical states of (2+1)-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a honeycomb lattice with a truncation of the electric field representation at jmax=12. The simple spin Hamiltonian contains only local products ... Full text Cite

The exploration of hot and dense nuclear matter: introduction to relativistic heavy-ion physics

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · October 1, 2023 This article summarizes our present knowledge about nuclear matter at the highest energy densities and its formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We review what is known about the structure and properties of the quark-gluon plasma and survey the o ... Full text Cite

"QGP Signatures" Revisited

Preprint · August 10, 2023 Link to item Cite

Spin alignment of vector mesons by glasma fields

Journal Article Physical Review D · July 1, 2023 We explain how spin alignment of vector mesons can be induced by background fields, such as electromagnetic fields or soft gluon fields. Our study is based on the quantum kinetic theory of spinning quarks and antiquarks and incorporates the relaxation of t ... Full text Cite

Spin polarization and correlation of quarks from the glasma

Journal Article Physical Review D · April 1, 2023 We investigate the interaction of strong color fields in the glasma stage of high-energy nuclear collisions with the spins of quarks and antiquarks. We employ the perturbative solution of the quantum kinetic theory for the spin transport of (massive) quark ... Full text Cite

SQM2022: Theoretical Summary

Preprint · August 31, 2022 Link to item Cite

Erratum: Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields (Physical Review D (2022) 105 (011901) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L011901)

Journal Article Physical Review D · August 1, 2022 In this paper, Eq. (18) is missing a contribution from the surface term, which can be omitted when computing the axial current but has to be included when evaluating the quark spectrum. The correct form of the equation is (Formula Presented). We refer to [ ... Full text Cite

Dynamic magnetic response of the quark-gluon plasma to electromagnetic fields

Journal Article Physical Review D · July 1, 2022 We investigate the electromagnetic response of a viscous quark-gluon plasma in the framework of the relativistic Boltzmann equation with current conserving collision term. Our formalism incorporates dissipative effects at all orders in linear response to t ... Full text Cite

QCD Phase Boundary and the Hadrochemical Horizon

Journal Article Physics (Switzerland) · June 1, 2022 I review the physics of the phase boundary between hadronic matter and quark matter from several different points of view. These include thermodynamics, statistical physics, and chemical kinetics. In particular, the review focuses on the role of the chemic ... Full text Cite

Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 2022 We study the important, yet widely overlooked, role of gluons for spin transport with a connection to local parity violation in quark gluon plasmas. We employ the formalism of quantum kinetic theory to quarks in weakly coupled quantum chromodynamics to der ... Full text Cite

Current-conserving relativistic linear response for collisional plasmas

Journal Article Annals of Physics · November 1, 2021 We investigate the response of a relativistic plasma to electromagnetic fields in the framework of the Boltzmann equation incorporating a collision term in the relaxation rate approximation selected in a form assuring current conservation. We obtain an exp ... Full text Cite

Anomalous spin polarization from turbulent color fields

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · October 29, 2021 We study the important, yet widely overlooked, role of gluons for spin transport with a connection to local parity violation in quark gluon plasmas. We employ the formalism of quantum kinetic theory to quarks in weakly coupled quantum chromodynamics to der ... Link to item Cite

relation at next-to-leading order in QCD

Journal Article Physical Review D · October 1, 2021 The relation between the specific shear viscosity and the dimensionless jet quenching parameter in perturbative QCD is explored at next-to-leading order in the coupling constant. It is shown that the relation changes little, although both transport coeffic ... Full text Open Access Cite

Diagnosing the Quark-Gluon Plasma

Journal Article · June 22, 2021 Brief review of the hadronic probes that are used to diagnose the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions and interrogate its properties. Emphasis is placed on probes that have significantly impacted our understanding of the nature ... Link to item Cite

Coupled Transport Equations for Quarkonium Production in Heavy Ion Collisions

Journal Article · September 11, 2020 Motivated by recent applications of the open quantum system formalism to understand quarkonium transport in the quark-gluon plasma, we develop a set of coupled Boltzmann equations for open heavy quark-antiquark pairs and quarkonia. Our approach keeps track ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Fate of heavy quark bound states inside quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Hadron Spectroscopy and Structure · August 2020 Full text Cite

Coupled Boltzmann Transport Equations of Heavy Quarks and Quarkonia in Quark-Gluon Plasma

Journal Article · April 14, 2020 We develop a framework of coupled transport equations for open heavy flavor and quarkonium states, in order to describe their transport inside the quark-gluon plasma. Our framework is capable of studying simultaneously both open and hidden heavy flavor obs ... Link to item Cite

Phenomenological implications of asymmetric AdS5 shock wave collision studies for heavy ion physics

Journal Article Physical Review D · April 1, 2020 This paper discusses possible phenomenological implications for p+A and A+A collisions of the results of recent numerical AdS/CFT calculations examining asymmetric collisions of planar shocks. In view of the extreme Lorentz contraction, we model highly rel ... Full text Cite

Issues with the search for critical point in QCD with relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C · March 1, 2020 A systematic search for a critical point in the phase diagram of QCD matter is under way at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and is planned at several future facilities. Its existence, if confirmed, and its location will greatly enhance our under ... Full text Open Access Cite

Quarkonium Production in Heavy Ion Collisions: From Open Quantum System to Transport Equation

Journal Article · February 10, 2020 Using the open quantum system formalism and effective field theory of QCD, we derive the Boltzmann transport equation of quarkonium inside the quark-gluon plasma. Our derivation illuminates that the success of transport equations in quarkonium phenomenolog ... Link to item Cite

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3

Journal Article European Physical Journal: Special Topics · July 1, 2019 In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider ... Full text Cite

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Journal Article European Physical Journal: Special Topics · July 1, 2019 In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider ... Full text Cite

FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1

Journal Article European Physical Journal C · June 1, 2019 We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the ... Full text Cite

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2

Journal Article European Physical Journal: Special Topics · June 1, 2019 In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-e ... Full text Cite

Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: coupled Boltzmann transport equations

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · February 1, 2019 We develop a set of coupled Boltzmann equations to describe the dynamical evolution of heavy quarks and quarkonia inside the quark-gluon plasma. The quarkonium dissociation and recombination terms are calculated from pNRQCD. Their interplay drives the syst ... Full text Cite

Chiral magnetic effect and an experimental bound on the late time magnetic field strength

Journal Article Physical Review D · October 1, 2018 We first compare different approaches to estimates of the magnitude of the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions and show that their main difference lies in the assumptions on the length of persistence of the magnetic field generated ... Full text Cite

Erratum: Light probes in a strongly coupled anisotropic plasma (Physical Review D (2013) 87 (046004) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.046004)

Journal Article Physical Review D · September 25, 2018 II. STOPPING DISTANCES AT SMALL ANISOTROPY The second line of Eq. (5) should be (Formula Presented). A minor typo of B2(z) is corrected here. There were errors in the numerical code for computing the ratios of stopping distances by varying anisotropy with ... Full text Cite

Doubly charmed baryon production in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review D · April 1, 2018 We give an estimate of Ξcc++ production rate and transverse momentum spectra in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We use Boltzmann transport equations to describe the dynamical evolution of charm quarks and diquarks inside quark-gluon plasma. In-medium fo ... Full text Cite

Hot spaghetti: Viscous gravitational collapse

Journal Article European Physical Journal A · February 1, 2018 We explore the fate of matter falling into a macroscopic Schwarzschild black hole for the simplified case of a radially collapsing thin spherical shell for which the back reaction of the geometry can be neglected. We treat the internal dynamics of the in-f ... Full text Cite

Topical Issue on Frontiers in Nuclear, Heavy Ion and Strong Field Physics

Journal Article European Physical Journal A · February 1, 2018 Full text Cite

Approach to equilibrium of quarkonium in quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 25, 2018 We calculate the dissociation and recombination rates of ϒ(1S) in quark-gluon plasma by using potential nonrelativistic QCD. We then study the dynamical in-medium evolution of the bb-ϒ system in a periodic box via the Boltzmann equation and explore how the ... Full text Cite

Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: Coupled Boltzmann transport equations

Journal Article Proceedings of Science · January 1, 2018 By coupling the Boltzmann transport equations of both quarkonium and open heavy quarks, we investigate their dynamical evolution inside the quark-gluon plasma and study quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions. The Boltzmann transport equation of quar ... Cite

From strangeness enhancement to quark-gluon plasma discovery

Chapter · January 1, 2018 This is a short survey of signatures and characteristics of the quark-gluon plasma in the light of experimental results that have been obtained over the past three decades. In particular, we present an in-depth discussion of the strangeness observable, inc ... Full text Cite

Why does the thermal model for hadron production in heavy ion collisions work?

Journal Article · December 10, 2017 The yields for hadrons and even light nuclei measured at midrapidity in relativistic heavy ion collisions are found to be dictated exclusively by their thermal Boltzmann factor for a common temperature of approximately 155 MeV. The reason for the validity ... Link to item Cite

From strangeness enhancement to quark-gluon plasma discovery

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics A · November 10, 2017 This is a short survey of signatures and characteristics of the quark-gluon plasma in the light of experimental results that have been obtained over the past three decades. In particular, we present an in-depth discussion of the strangeness observable, inc ... Full text Cite

Dynamical screening of α-α Resonant scattering and thermal nuclear scattering rate in a plasma

Journal Article Physical Review D · June 1, 2017 We use effective field theory and thermal field theory to study the dynamical screening effect in the QED plasma on the α-α scattering at the Be8 resonance. Dynamical screening leads to an imaginary part of the potential which results in a thermal width fo ... Full text Cite

The future of RHIC

Conference Proceedings of Science · January 1, 2017 This article describes recent results and future plans for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... Full text Cite

Shear viscosities of photons in strongly coupled plasmas

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · September 10, 2016 We investigate the shear viscosity of thermalized photons in the quark gluon plasma (QGP) at weak coupling and N=4 super Yang–Mills plasma (SYMP) at both strong and weak couplings. We find that the shear viscosity due to the photon–parton scattering up to ... Full text Cite

Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier: Understanding the glue that binds us all

Journal Article European Physical Journal A · September 1, 2016 This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the broader nuclear science community. It was commissioned by the managem ... Full text Open Access Cite

An effective field theory approach to the stabilization of 8Be in a QED plasma

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · May 25, 2016 We use effective field theory to study the a-a resonant scattering in a finitetemperature QED plasma. The static plasma screening effect causes the resonance state 8Be to live longer and eventually leads to the formation of a bound state when mD ≳ 0.3 MeV. ... Full text Cite

Viscous leptons in the quark gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · June 9, 2015 We investigate the shear viscosity of leptons in a strongly coupled quark gluon plasma. We find that the shear viscosity due to the lepton-quark scattering is inversely proportional to the ratio of electric conductivity of the quark gluon plasma to tempera ... Full text Cite

PHENIX and the quest for the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics · November 7, 2014 I review some of the remarkable contributions of PHENIX to the discovery and exploration of the perfectly liquid quark-gluon plasma at RHIC. ... Full text Cite

Center domains and their phenomenological consequences in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · November 1, 2014 We argue that the domain structure of deconfined QCD matter, which can be inferred from the properties of the Polyakov loop, can simultaneously explain the two most prominent experimental features of the quark-gluon plasma, namely its near ideal fluid prop ... Full text Cite

Extracting the jet transport coefficient from jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · July 29, 2014 Within five different approaches to parton propagation and energy loss in dense matter, a phenomenological study of experimental data on suppression of large-pT single inclusive hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at both the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collide ... Full text Cite

Elliptic and triangular flow anisotropy in deuteron-gold collisions at sNN =200 GeV at RHIC and in proton-lead collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV at the LHC

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · April 3, 2014 We study elliptic and triangular flow in the collisions of deuteron-gold nuclei at sNN=200 GeV at RHIC and of proton-lead nuclei at sNN=5.02 TeV at the LHC, utilizing (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics for the dynamic evolution of the fireball and a Mon ... Full text Cite

Elliptic flow from thermal photons with magnetic field in holography

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 28, 2014 We compute the elliptic flow v2 of thermal photons in a strongly coupled plasma with constant magnetic field via gauge/gravity duality. The D3/D7 embedding is applied to generate the contributions from massive quarks. By considering the cases in 2+1 flavor ... Full text Cite

Mapping the proton's fluctuating size and shape

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 27, 2014 We discuss a mechanism for the apparently universal scaling in the high-multiplicity tail of charged particle distributions for high-energy nuclear collisions. We argue that this scaling behavior originates from rare fluctuations of the nucleon density. We ... Full text Cite

Jet quenching and holographic thermalization

Journal Article AIP Conference Proceedings · December 16, 2013 We employ the AdS/CFT correspondence to investigate the thermalization of the strongly-coupled plasma and the jet quenching of a hard probe traversing such a thermalizing medium. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. ... Full text Cite

How to catch a 'fat' proton

Journal Article Annals of Physics · December 4, 2013 © 2014 Elsevier Inc. We argue that high-multiplicity events in proton-proton or proton-nucleus collisions originate from large-size fluctuations of the nucleon shape. We discuss a pair of simple models of such proton shape fluctuations. A "fat" proton with ... Full text Cite

Inhomogeneous thermalization in strongly coupled field theories.

Journal Article Physical review letters · December 2013 To describe theoretically the creation and evolution of the quark-gluon plasma, one typically employs three ingredients: a model for the initial state, nonhydrodynamic early time evolution, and hydrodynamics. In this Letter we study the nonhydrodynamic ear ... Full text Cite

Entropy production in classical Yang-Mills theory from glasma initial conditions

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · November 12, 2013 We study the thermalization process in classical Yang-Mills field theory starting from noisy glasmalike initial conditions by investigating the initial-value sensitivity of trajectories. Kunihiro et al. linked entropy generation to the Kolmogorov-Sinaï ent ... Full text Cite

Possibility of event shape selection in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · October 30, 2013 We investigate the possibility of selecting heavy ion collision events with certain features in the initial state (event engineering). Anisotropic flow measurements in heavy ion reactions have confirmed the almost ideal fluid dynamical behavior of the hot ... Full text Cite

Inhomogeneous holographic thermalization

Journal Article Journal of High Energy Physics · October 2013 AbstractThe sudden injection of energy in a strongly coupled conformal field theory and its subsequent thermalization can be holographically modeled by a shell falling into anti-de Sitter space and formin ... Full text Cite

What can we learn from dijets? A systematic study at RHIC with VNI/BMS

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · August 1, 2013 We present a systematic study of dijet suppression at RHIC using the VNI/BMS parton cascade. We examine the medium modification of the dijet asymmetry A j and the energy distribution within the dijets (jet-shape). Understanding the sensitivity of these obs ... Full text Cite

Turbulence-induced instabilities in EP and QGP

Journal Article Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement · June 18, 2013 Polarization properties of turbulent stochastically inhomogeneous ultrarelativistic QED plasma are studied. It is shown that the sign of nonlinear turbulent Landau damping corresponds to an instability of the spacelike modes and, for sufficiently large tur ... Full text Cite

Systematic Monte-Carlo studies of dijets at RHIC using the VNI/BMS Parton Cascade

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · May 2, 2013 We present a study of the dijet suppression at RHIC using the parton cascade model. We examine the modification of the dijet asymmetry A j and the fragmentation distributions z and j T in terms of: q̂; the path length of leading and sub-leading jets; cuts o ... Full text Cite

Hydrodynamic noise and Bjorken expansion

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · May 2, 2013 Using the Bjorken expansion model we study the effect of intrinsic hydrodynamic noise on the correlations observed in heavy-ion collisions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. ... Full text Cite

Approach to equilibrium in the caldeira-leggett model

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics E · March 1, 2013 The Caldeira-Leggett (CL) model describes a microscopic quantum system, represented by a harmonic oscillator, in interaction with a heat bath, represented by a large number of harmonic oscillators with a range of frequencies. We consider the case when the ... Full text Cite

A "helium atom" of space: Dynamical instability of the isochoric pentahedron

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · February 21, 2013 We present an analysis of the dynamics of the equifacial pentahedron on the Kapovich-Millson phase space under a volume preserving Hamiltonian. The classical dynamics of polyhedra under such a Hamiltonian may arise from the classical limit of the node volu ... Full text Cite

Light probes in a strongly coupled anisotropic plasma

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · February 11, 2013 We employ the gauge/gravity duality to study the jet quenching of light probes traversing a static yet anisotropic strongly coupled N=4 super Yang-Mills plasma. We compute the stopping distance of an image jet induced by a massless source field, which is c ... Full text Cite

Heavy quark energy loss and angular de-correlation in a quark-gluon plasma matter

Conference Journal of Physics: Conference Series · January 1, 2013 We study heavy quark energy loss in a hot and dense nuclear matter in the framework of Langevin equation coupled to a (2+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The classical Langevin framework is modified such that both quasi-elastic scattering and gluon radia ... Full text Cite

Investigation of hot QCD matter: Theoretical aspects

Journal Article Physica Scripta · January 1, 2013 This lecture presents an overview of the status of the investigation of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma using relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. It focuses on the insights that h ... Full text Cite

Thermalization of the spectral function in strongly coupled two dimensional conformal field theories

Journal Article Journal of High Energy Physics · January 1, 2013 Using Wigner transforms of Green functions, we discuss non-equilibrium generalizations of spectral functions and occupation numbers. We develop methods for computing time-dependent spectral functions in conformal field theories holographically dual to thin ... Full text Cite

First results from Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

Journal Article Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · December 3, 2012 At the end of 2010, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started operation with heavy-ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. These collisions ushered in a new era in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion physics at en ... Full text Cite

What is the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and how do we find out?

Journal Article Proceedings of Science · December 1, 2012 We present a panel discussion about our current state of knowledge about the Quark-Gluon Plasma. The nine panelists were asked to address the question: What do we want to know about the quark-gluon plasma, and how can we find the answers? The contributions ... Cite

Results of a systematic study of dijet suppression measured at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · November 5, 2012 Background: There has been much recent investigation into dijets at the Large Hadron Collider, but predictions for dijets at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) scales are lacking. Purpose: We present a systematic study of the dijet suppression at RHIC ... Full text Cite

The exploration of hot nuclear matter

Journal Article Science · July 20, 2012 When nuclear matter is heated beyond 2 trillion degrees, it becomes a strongly coupled plasma of quarks and gluons. Experiments using highly energetic collisions between heavy nuclei have revealed that this new state of matter is a nearly ideal, highly opa ... Full text Cite

Center Domains and their Phenomenological Consequences

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · July 2012 Link to item Cite

Transverse energy density fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions in a gaussian model

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · June 20, 2012 We calculate the transverse correlation of fluctuations of the deposited energy density in nuclear collisions in the framework of a Gaussian model similar to the color glass condensate model. © 2012 American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

Counting hot/cold spots in quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · June 11, 2012 We study how local fluctuations in the initial states of relativistic heavy-ion collisions manifest in the correlations between different orders of harmonic moments of the density profiles, particularly those involving only odd harmonics that arise purely ... Full text Cite

Jet modification in a brick of QGP matter

Journal Article AIP Conference Proceedings · May 10, 2012 We have implemented the LPM effect into a microscopic transport model with partonic degrees of freedom by following the algorithm of Zapp & Wiedemann. The Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect is a quantum interference process that modifies the emission o ... Full text Cite

Relativistic theory of hydrodynamic fluctuations with applications to heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · May 4, 2012 We develop the relativistic theory of hydrodynamic fluctuations for application to high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In particular, we investigate their effect on the expanding boost-invariant (Bjorken) solution of the hydrodynamic equations. We discover t ... Full text Cite

Strangeness and the quark-gluon PLASMA: Thirty years of discovery

Journal Article Acta Physica Polonica B · April 1, 2012 I review the role of strange quarks as probes of hot QCD matter. ... Full text Cite

Relativistic noise

Journal Article Acta Physica Polonica B · April 1, 2012 The relativistic theory of hydrodynamic fluctuations, or noise, is derived and applied to high energy heavy ion collisions. These fluctuations are inherent in any space-time varying system and are present in addition to initial state fluctuations. We illus ... Full text Cite

Entropy production and equilibration in Yang-Mills quantum mechanics

Journal Article Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics · January 5, 2012 The Husimi distribution provides for a coarse-grained representation of the phase-space distribution of a quantum system, which may be used to track the growth of entropy of the system. We present a general and systematic method of solving the Husimi equat ... Full text Cite

J/Ψ production by magnetic excitation of ηc

Journal Article J. Phys. G · 2012 http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2525 ... Link to item Cite

Transverse energy density fluctuations in the color glass condensate model

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 2012 http://arXiv.org/abs/arXiv:1111.3347 ... Link to item Cite

No Pain, no Gain: Hard probes of the quark-gluon plasma coming of age

Journal Article Nucl. Phys. A · 2012 http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.7302 ... Link to item Cite

J/ψ production by magnetic excitation of ηc

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · January 1, 2012 We compute the probability of J/ production from the interaction between c and the strong magnetic field generated in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The computation is first carried out in the heavy quark effective model, in which the M1 radiative tran ... Full text Cite

Entropy creation in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics E · November 1, 2011 We review current ideas on entropy production during the different stages of a relativistic nuclear collision. This includes recent results on decoherence entropy and the entropy produced during the hydrodynamic phase by viscous effects. We start by a disc ... Full text Cite

Holographic thermalization

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · July 25, 2011 Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we probe the scale dependence of thermalization in strongly coupled field theories following a sudden injection of energy via calculations of two-point functions, Wilson loops, and entanglement entropy in d=2, 3, 4. In the ... Full text Cite

The limits of ordinary matter

Journal Article Science · June 24, 2011 The temperature at which quarks escape the confines of protons and neutrons has been determined from high-energy particle collision data. ... Full text Cite

Thermalization of strongly coupled field theories.

Journal Article Physical review letters · May 2011 Using the holographic mapping to a gravity dual, we calculate 2-point functions, Wilson loops, and entanglement entropy in strongly coupled field theories in d=2, 3, and 4 to probe the scale dependence of thermalization following a sudden injection of ener ... Full text Cite

Explanation of dijet asymmetry in Pb-pb collisions at the large hadron collider

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · April 20, 2011 We investigate the medium modification of a partonic jet shower traversing in a hot quark-gluon plasma. We derive and solve a differential equation that governs the evolution of the radiated gluon distribution as the jet propagates through the medium. Ener ... Full text Cite

Parton energy loss in strongly coupled AdS/CFT

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · April 1, 2011 This is a brief review of the theory and phenomenology of parton energy loss in strongly coupled field theories with a gravity dual and its comparison with parton energy loss in QCD at weak coupling. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. ... Full text Cite

Anomalous transport processes in turbulent non-Abelian plasmas

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · March 15, 2011 Turbulent color fields, which can arise in the early and late stages of relativistic heavy ion collisions, may contribute significantly to the transport processes in the matter created in these collisions. We review the theory of these anomalous transport ... Full text Cite

Understanding the B11(p,α)αα reaction at the 0.675 MeV resonance

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · January 24, 2011 The B11(p,α)αα reaction at energies between 200 keV and a few MeV has a very long history, dating back to studies by Lord Rutherford and Dee and Gilbert in the 1930s. It is shown that the modern view of this reaction, established in 1987, is incorrect. Thi ... Full text Cite

Di-jet asymmetry in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collide

Journal Article Phys. Rev. Lett. · 2011 http://arXiv.org/abs/1012.5280 ... Link to item Cite

Comparison of jet quenching formalisms for a quark-gluon plasma "brick"

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2011 http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.1106 ... Link to item Cite

Chaotic behavior in classical Yang-Mills dynamics

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · December 17, 2010 Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing rapid thermalization deduced for high-energy heavy ion collisions is still a challenge. To estimate the thermalization time, entropy growth for classical Yang-Mills theories is studied, based on the determina ... Full text Cite

Hadron mass spectrum from lattice QCD

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · December 13, 2010 Finite temperature lattice simulations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are sensitive to the hadronic mass spectrum for temperatures below the "critical" temperature Tc≈160MeV. We show that a recent precision determination of the QCD trace anomaly shows evi ... Full text Cite

Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · December 13, 2010 We develop a systematic framework for the study of the initial collision geometry fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and investigate how they evolve through different stages of the fireball history and translate into final-particle momentum ... Full text Cite

Charge fluctuations from the chiral magnetic effect in nuclear collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · November 29, 2010 We derive a nonlocal effective Lagrangian for the chiral magnetic effect. An electric field is generated by winding number fluctuations of the nonabelian gauge field in the presence of a strong magnetic field. We estimate the magnitude of charge asymmetry ... Full text Cite

Transport theoretical description of collisional energy loss in infinite quark-gluon matter

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · October 1, 2010 We study the time evolution of a high-momentum gluon or quark propagating through an infinite, thermalized, partonic medium utilizing a Boltzmann equation approach. We calculate the collisional energy loss of the parton, study its temperature and flavor de ... Full text Cite

Quasilinear transport approach to equilibration of quark-gluon plasmas

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · March 18, 2010 We derive the transport equations of quark-gluon plasma in the quasilinear approximation. The equations are either of the Balescu-Lenard or Fokker-Planck form. The plasma's dynamics is assumed to be governed by longitudinal chromoelectric fields. The isotr ... Full text Open Access Cite

Physics With Two Time Dimensions

Journal Article · January 14, 2010 We explore the properties of physical theories in space-times with two time dimensions. We show that the common arguments used to rule such theories out do not apply if the dynamics associated with the additional time dimension is thermal or chaotic and do ... Link to item Cite

Electric charge separation in strong transient magnetic fields

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2010 We discuss various mechanisms for the creation of an asymmetric charge fluctuation with respect to the reaction plane among hadrons emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We show that such mechanisms exist in both the hadronic gas and the partonic p ... Full text Open Access Cite

Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200A GeV

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2010 The first calculation of triangular flow ν3 in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200A GeV from an event-by-event (3 + 1) d transport+hydrodynamics hybrid approach is presented. As a response to the initial triangularity Ie{cyrillic, ukrainian}3 of the collision z ... Full text Open Access Cite

Momentum broadening of a fast parton in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · December 17, 2009 The average transverse momentum transfer per unit path length to a fast parton scattering elastically in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma is related to the radiative energy loss of the parton. We first calculate the momentum transfer coefficient q^ in ter ... Full text Open Access Cite

Gauge theory of weak interactions

Journal Article Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions · December 1, 2009 "Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions" treats the unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions and considers related phenomena. First, the Fermi theory of beta decay is presented, followed by a discussion of parity violation, clarifying the importance ... Full text Cite

From 0 to 5000 in 2 × 10-24 seconds: Entropy production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · November 1, 2009 We review what is known about the contributions to the final entropy from the different stages of a relativistic nuclear collision, including recent results on the decoherence entropy and the entropy produced during the hydrodynamic phase by viscous effect ... Full text Cite

Signals of the QCD Critical Point in Hydrodynamic Evolutions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · November 1, 2009 The presence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram can deform the trajectories describing the evolution of the expanding fireball in the μB - T phase diagram. The deformation of the hydrodynamic trajectories will change the transverse velocity (βT) ... Full text Cite

The sound generated by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a crescendo

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · November 1, 2009 The total energy deposited into the medium per unit length by a fast parton traversing a quarkgluon plasma is calculated. We take the medium excitation due to collisions to be given by the well known expression for the collisional drag force. The parton's ... Full text Cite

Aspects of thermal strange quark production: the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · November 1, 2009 We study the gluonic sector of the three-flavor PNJL model by obtaining the adjoint Polyakov loop and the gluon distribution function in the mean-field approximation. Besides, we explore the thermal strange quark pair-production processes, q over(q, -) → s ... Full text Cite

Sound produced by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a "crescendo".

Journal Article Physical review letters · July 2009 We calculate the total energy deposited into the medium per unit length by fast partons traversing a quark-gluon plasma. The medium excitation due to collisions is taken to be given by the well-known expression for the collisional drag force. The radiative ... Full text Cite

Phenomenology of the three-flavor PNJL model and thermal strange quark production

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · June 15, 2009 We study the temperature dependence of the adjoint Polyakov loop and its implication for the momentum spectrum of gluons in the mean-field approximation. This allows us to calculate the contribution of the thermal (transverse) gluons to the thermodynamic p ... Full text Cite

Hadronization via recombination

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · June 15, 2009 The recombination model as a model for hadronization from a quark-gluon plasma has been recently revived since it has advantages in explaining several important features of the final state produced in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC, such as the constitue ... Full text Cite

The flavours of the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · June 15, 2009 Quarks of other flavours than up and down, i.e. s, c and b quarks, have been long recognized as effective probes of the structure of hot QCD matter. In this paper, I review some of the motivations for their investigation and discuss the salient results obt ... Full text Cite

The "perfect" fluid quenches jets almost perfectly

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · April 1, 2009 The QCD matter produced in nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been found to have a very low shear viscosity, which is close to the lower bound allowed by unitarity. The matter has also been found to strongly suppress the e ... Full text Cite

Decoherence and entropy production in relativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · March 3, 2009 Short thermalization times of less than 1 fm/c for quark and gluon matter have been suggested by recent experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. It has been difficult to justify this rapid thermalization in first-principle calculations based on ... Full text Cite

Towards a theory of entropy production in the little and big bang

Journal Article Progress of Theoretical Physics · March 1, 2009 We propose a broadly applicable formalism for the description of coarse grained entropy production in quantum mechanical processes. Our formalism is based on the Husimi transform of the quantum state, which encodes the notion that information about any qua ... Full text Cite

Hydrodynamic Expansion with the QCD Critical Point(Thermal Quantum Field Theories and Their Applications)

Journal Article Soryushiron Kenkyu · February 20, 2009 The presence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram can deform the trajectories describing the evolution of the expanding fireball in the μ_B-T phase diagram. If the average emission time of hadrons is a function of transverse velocity, as microscopi ... Cite

Sonic Mach cones induced by fast partons in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · October 13, 2008 We derive the space-time distribution of energy and momentum deposited by a fast parton traversing a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma by treating the fast parton as the source of an external color field perturbing the medium. We then use our result as a s ... Full text Cite

The sound of a fast parton in QCD

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · October 1, 2008 The spacetime distribution of energy and momentum deposited by a fast parton traversing a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma is calculated by treating the fast parton as the source of an external color field perturbing the medium. When the result is used as ... Full text Cite

Stress tensor and bulk viscosity in relativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · September 26, 2008 We discuss the influence of different initial conditions for the stress tensor and the effect of bulk viscosity on the expansion and cooling of the fireball created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular, we explore the evolution of longitudin ... Full text Cite

Transverse velocity dependence of the proton-antiproton ratio as a signature of the QCD critical point.

Journal Article Physical review letters · September 2008 The presence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram can deform the trajectories describing the evolution of the expanding fireball in the mu_B-T phase diagram. If the average emission time of hadrons is a function of transverse velocity, as microscop ... Full text Cite

Neutrino oscillation signatures of oxygen-neon-magnesium supernovae

Journal Article Physical Review D · July 23, 2008 Full text Cite

Photon bremsstrahlung and diffusive broadening of a hard jet

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · June 19, 2008 The photon bremsstrahlung rate from a quark jet produced in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus is studied in the collinear limit. The leading medium-enhanced higher twist corrections that describe the multiple scattering of the jet in the ... Full text Cite

Higher twist jet broadening and classical propagation

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · May 23, 2008 The transverse broadening of jets produced in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus is studied in the collinear limit. A class of medium enhanced higher twist corrections are resummed to calculate the transverse momentum distribution of the p ... Full text Cite

Nucleosynthesis in O-Ne-Mg Supernovae

Journal Article The Astrophysical Journal · April 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Measurement of shear viscosity in lattice gauge theory without Kubo formula

Conference Proceedings of Science · January 1, 2008 A method to measure the transport coefficients on the lattice is proposed. We introduce a spatially-inhomogeneous momentum source to the Hamiltonian in order to generate a non-equilibrium but steady hydrodynamic flow. Once such hydrodynamic flow is created ... Cite

Theoretical challenges posed by the data from RHIC

Journal Article Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement · January 1, 2008 In this lecture, I discuss how the RHIC data are challenging our theoretical understanding of QCD matter. Important components of this challenge include how equilibrated QCD matter is formed, whether its statistical and dynamical properties permit a quasi- ... Full text Cite

From quark-gluon plasma to the perfect liquid

Journal Article Acta Physica Polonica B · December 1, 2007 After reviewing some basic concepts of the theory of strongly interacting matter above nuclear energy density and reviewing some salient results of the experimental program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), these lectures explain why the quark ... Cite

Anomalous viscosity of an expanding quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · August 1, 2007 We argue that an expanding quark-gluon plasma has an anomalous viscosity, which arises from interactions with dynamically generated colour fields. The anomalous viscosity dominates over the collisional viscosity for large velocity gradients or weak couplin ... Full text Cite

Longitudinal broadening of quenched jets in turbulent color fields.

Journal Article Physical review letters · July 2007 The nearside distribution of particles at intermediate transverse momentum, associated with a high momentum trigger hadron produced in a high energy heavy-ion collision, is broadened in rapidity compared with the jet cone. This broadened distribution is th ... Full text Cite

Hard Probes at LHC

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · February 15, 2007 This talk gives a theoretical perspective of the physics issues awaiting us when heavy ions will collide in the LHC. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ... Full text Cite

Small Shear Viscosity of a Quark-Gluon Plasma Implies Strong Jet Quenching

Journal Article Phys. Rev. Lett. · 2007 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0703082 ... Link to item Cite

REsults from the relativistic heavy ion collider

Journal Article Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · December 27, 2006 This review describes the current status of the heavy ion research program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The new suite of experiments and the collider energies have opened up new probes of the medium created in the collisions. Our review f ... Full text Cite

The flavours of the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · December 1, 2006 Flavour probes depend on the transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma. An expanding quark-gluon plasma has an anomalous viscosity, which arises from interactions with dynamically generated colour fields. The anomalous viscosity dominates over the col ... Full text Cite

Baryonic strangeness and related susceptibilities in QCD

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · November 15, 2006 The ratios of off-diagonal to diagonal conserved charge susceptibilities, e.g., χBS/χS,χQS/χS, related to the quark flavor susceptibilities, have proven to be discerning probes of the flavor carrying degrees of freedom in hot strongly interacting matter. V ... Full text Cite

Anomalous transport processes in anisotropically expanding quark-gluon plasmas

Journal Article Progress of Theoretical Physics · October 1, 2006 We derive an expression for the anomalous viscosity in an anisotropically expanding quark-gluon-plasma, which arises from interactions of thermal partons with dynamically generated color fields. The anomalous viscosity dominates over the collisional viscos ... Full text Cite

Correlations in the Parton Recombination Model

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · August 7, 2006 We describe how parton recombination can address the recent measurement of dynamical jet-like two particle correlations. In addition we discuss the possible effect realistic light-cone wave-functions including higher Fock-states may have on the well-known ... Full text Cite

Quark Matter 2005 - Theoretical Summary

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · August 7, 2006 This is a review of the latest developments in the theory of superdense nuclear matter, formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions or in the core of collapsed stars, as they were reported and discussed at the Quark Matter 2005 conference in Budapest (Hung ... Full text Cite

Anomalous viscosity of an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Journal Article Physical review letters · June 2006 We argue that an expanding quark-gluon plasma has an anomalous viscosity, which arises from interactions with dynamically generated color fields. We derive an expression for the anomalous viscosity in the turbulent plasma domain and apply it to the hydrody ... Full text Cite

Decoherence time in high energy heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · May 31, 2006 We calculate the decoherence time of the ground state wave function of a nucleus in a high energy heavy ion collision. We define this time as the decay time of the ratio TrD2/TrD)2 of traces of the density matrix D. We find that this time is smaller or equ ... Full text Cite

The partition function in the Wigner-Kirkwood expansion

Journal Article Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General · May 5, 2006 We study the semiclassical Wigner-Kirkwood (WK) expansion of the partition function Z(t) for arbitrary even homogeneous potentials, starting from the Bloch equation. As is well known, the phase-space kernel of Z satisfies the so-called Uhlenbeck-Beth equat ... Full text Cite

Adventures of the coupled Yang-Mills oscillators: I. Semiclassical expansion

Journal Article Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General · January 6, 2006 We study the quantum mechanical motion in the x2y2 potentials with n ≤ 2, 3, which arise in the spatially homogeneous limit of the Yang-Mills (YM) equations. These systems show strong stochasticity in the classical limit (ℏ ≤ 0) and exhibit a quantum mecha ... Full text Cite

Adventures of the coupled Yang-Mills oscillators: II. YM-Higgs quantum mechanics

Journal Article Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General · January 6, 2006 We continue our study of the quantum mechanical motion in the x 2y2 potentials for n ≤ 2, 3, which arise in the spatially homogeneous limit of the Yang-Mills (YM) equations. In the present paper, we develop a new approach to the calculation of the partitio ... Full text Cite

Mass and width of the rho meson in a nuclear medium from Brown-Rho scaling

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2006 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0509134 ... Link to item Cite

Suppression of p-wave baryons in quark recombination

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2006 We show that the observed suppression of the Λ(1520)/Λ ratio in central Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider can be naturally understood in the constituent quark recombination model. © 2006 The American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

Mass and width of the ρ-meson in a nuclear medium from Brown-Rho scaling and QCD sum rules

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2006 We explore the range of values of the in-medium width of a ρ-meson at rest which is compatibale with the QCD sum rule approach in a nuclear medium assuming vector meson dominance and a Brown-Rho scaling law of the ρ-meson mass with the chiral condensate. T ... Full text Cite

Hadronization at RHIC: Interplay of recombination and fragmentation

Journal Article Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics · December 5, 2005 We discuss the hadron production in heavy ion collisions by the recombination and fragmentation model. We propose the elliptic flow as the useful tool for exploring final interactions for resonances, hadron structure for exotic particles and phase structur ... Full text Cite

RHIC physics with the parton cascade model

Journal Article Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics · December 5, 2005 We discuss the Parton Cascade Model and it's application to RHIC physics. In particular, we focus on an analysis of the net-baryon nurnber rapidity distribution and on direct photon emission. © 2005 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. ... Full text Cite

From entropy and jet quenching to deconfinement?

Journal Article European Physical Journal C · August 1, 2005 The challenge of demonstrating that the matter produced in heavy ion collisions is a deconfined quark-gluon plasma as predicted by lattice QCD calculations is the challenge of measuring the number of thermodynamic degrees of freedom $\nu\sim\varepsilon/T∧4 ... Full text Cite

International Journal of Modern Physics A: Preface

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics A · July 30, 2005 Cite

A Colorful Wake for Gerhard Soff

Journal Article · July 18, 2005 We calculate the wake induced in a hot QCD plasma by a fast parton in the framework of linear response theory. We discuss two scenarios: ($i$) a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma described by hard-thermal loop perturbation theory and ($ii$) a strongly coup ... Link to item Cite

Waking the colored plasma

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · July 7, 2005 We calculate the wake induced in a hot, dense QCD medium by a fast parton in the framework of linear response theory. We discuss two different scenarios: a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma (pQGP) described by hard-thermal loop (HTL) perturbation theory an ... Full text Cite

Thermal recombination: Beyond the valence quark approximation

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · July 7, 2005 Quark counting rules derived from recombination models agree well with data on hadron production at intermediate transverse momenta in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. They convey a simple picture of hadrons consisting only of valence quarks. We discuss ... Full text Cite

Recombination plus fragmentation model at RHIC: Elliptic flow

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · April 1, 2005 We discuss hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the framework of the recombination and fragmentation model. We propose elliptic flow as a useful tool for exploring final interactions of resonances, the hadron structure of exotic partic ... Full text Cite

Correlated emission of hadrons from recombination of correlated partons.

Journal Article Physical review letters · April 2005 We discuss different sources of hadron correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show that correlations among partons in a quasithermal medium can lead to the correlated emission of hadrons by quark recombination and argue that this mechanism o ... Full text Cite

Hadronic signals of deconfinement at RHIC

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · March 21, 2005 This article reviews (soft) hadronic signals of deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration in hot QCD matter in the light of the results from the first three years of the experimental program at the relativistic heavy ion collider. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. ... Full text Cite

Possible resolution of the D-paradox

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2005 Cite

Centrality dependence of direct photons in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2005 We calculate the spectra of high-energy photons emitted in relativistic Au + Au collisions for various centralities and compare to data recently collected at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider by the PHENIX Collaboration. Our results for photons from prim ... Full text Cite

Adventures of the coupled Yang-Mills oscillators: I. semiclassical expansion

Journal Article J. Phys. A · 2005 http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506214 ... Link to item Cite

Adventures of the coupled Yang-Mills oscillators: II. YM-Higgs quantum mechanics

Journal Article J. Phys. A · 2005 http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506239 ... Link to item Cite

Possible resolutions of the D-puzzle

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2005 We explore possible ways of explaining the net charge event-by-event fluctuations in Au+Au collisions observed in experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider within a quark recombination model. We estimate the number of quarks at recombination and t ... Full text Cite

Heavy Ions -- Prospects at the LHC

Journal Article Czech.J.Phys. · October 7, 2004 This is a review of the physics prospects for relativistic heavy ion collisions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The motivation for the study of superdense matter created in relativistic heavy ion collision is the prospect of observing a novel state of s ... Link to item Cite

Photon interferometry of Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider.

Journal Article Physical review letters · October 2004 We calculate the two-body correlation function of direct photons produced in central Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. Our calculation includes contributions from the early preequilibrium phase in which photons are produced via hard ... Full text Cite

What is the temperature in heavy ion collisions?

Journal Article Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics · August 23, 2004 We consider the Tsallis distribution as a source of the apparent slope of one-particle spectra in heavy-ion collisions and investigate the equation of state of this special kind of quark matter in the framework of non-extensive thermodynamics. We relate th ... Full text Cite

RHIC physics with the parton cascade model

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · August 1, 2004 We present an analysis of the net baryon number rapidity distribution and of direct photon emission in the framework of the parton cascade model. ... Full text Cite

How relativistic heavy ion collisions can help us understand the universe

Journal Article · July 4, 2004 We discuss the anthropic principle and its implications for our existence and the physical laws which govern the universe. Several amazing coincidences which provide conditions necessary for creation of life suggest that the "laws of nature" are not unique ... Link to item Cite

Latest results of the Mainz Neutrino Mass Experimen

Journal Article The European Physical Journal C · July 2004 Full text Cite

Heavy ions at LHC: Theoretical issues

Journal Article European Physical Journal C · July 1, 2004 We give a brief overview of our current theoretical understanding of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision and the properties of super-hot nuclear matter. We focus on several issues that have been discussed in connection with experimental results from the ... Full text Cite

Musings about the Few-Body Problem

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · June 14, 2004 I review some anecdotal history of the few-body problem in physics, survey the present scope of the field, and mention some unsolved problems as possible future challenges. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. ... Full text Cite

Almost exponential transverse spectra from power law spectra

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · January 1, 2004 We point out that exponential shape of transverse spectra can be obtained as the Fourier transform of the limiting distribution of randomly positioned partons with power law spectra given by pQCD, which actually realize Tsallis distributions. Such spectra ... Full text Cite

Elliptic flow of resonances at RHIC: Probing final state

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2004 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0312081 ... Link to item Cite

How relativistic heavy ion collisions can help us

Journal Article Physics News (Indian Physics Association) · 2004 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0407010 ... Link to item Cite

Hadronization in heavy-ion collisions: Recombination or fragmentation?

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · January 1, 2004 We show that hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at transverse momenta larger than 2 GeV/c can be explained by the competition of two different hadronization mechanisms. Above 5 GeV/c hadron production can be described by fragmentation o ... Full text Cite

Elliptic flow of resonances in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Probing final state interactions and the structure of resonances

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2004 We propose the measurement of the elliptic flow of hadron resonances at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider as a tool to probe the amount of hadronic final state interactions for resonances at intermediate and large transverse momenta. This can be achieved ... Full text Cite

Preface: The 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · January 1, 2004 Cite

A Vision for Nuclear Theory: Report to NSAC

Journal Article · November 18, 2003 This is the report of the NSAC Subcommittee on Nuclear Theory in response to a charge by the funding agencies to review and evaluate current NSF and DOE supported efforts in nuclear theory and identify strategic plans to ensure a strong U.S. nuclear theory ... Link to item Cite

Studies of parton thermalization at RHIC

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · November 1, 2003 We consider the evolution of a parton system which is formed in the central region just after a relativistic heavy ion collision. The parton consists of mostly gluons, minijets, which are produced by elastic scattering between constituent partons of the co ... Full text Cite

Transverse momentum distribution of net baryon number at RHIC

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · October 1, 2003 We calculate the transverse momentum distribution of net quarks (quarks minus antiquarks) in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the framework of the parton cascade model at two different rapidities. Parton re-scattering and fragment ... Full text Cite

Net baryon density in Au+Au collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider.

Journal Article Physical review letters · August 2003 We calculate the net-baryon rapidity distribution in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the framework of the parton cascade model (PCM). Parton rescattering and fragmentation leads to a substantial increase in the net-baryon ... Full text Cite

Chaotic Quantization of Four-Dimensional U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory

Journal Article · July 18, 2003 We demonstrate that the quantized U(1) lattice gauge theory in four Euclidean dimensions can be obtained as the long time limit of the corresponding classical U(1) gauge theory in 4+1 dimensions. The Planck constant hbar is related to the excitation energy ... Link to item Cite

Entropy Production in High Energy Processes

Journal Article · June 30, 2003 We calculate the entropy produced in the decoherence of a classical field configuration and compare it with the entropy of a fully thermalized state with the same energy. We find that decoherence alone accounts for a large fraction of the equilibrium entro ... Link to item Cite

Negative elliptic flow from anomaly induced DCC formation

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · June 30, 2003 We discuss characteristic experimental signatures related to the mechanism of DCC formation triggered by the chiral U(l) anomaly in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We predict an enhancement of the fraction of neutral pions compared with all pions in the ... Full text Cite

Beyond Quantum Field Theory: Chaotic Lattices?

Journal Article · May 29, 2003 We review the idea of chaotic quantization, based on the dynamics of classical lattice gauge systems as well as on non-abelian plasma physics in the infrared limit. The basic conjecture between Planck constant and properties of the five dimensional classic ... Link to item Cite

Hadronization in heavy-ion collisions: recombination and fragmentation of partons.

Journal Article Physical review letters · May 2003 We argue that the emission of hadrons with transverse momentum up to about 5 GeV/c in central relativistic heavy ion collisions is dominated by recombination, rather than fragmentation of partons. This mechanism provides a natural explanation for the obser ... Full text Cite

High-energy photons from passage of jets through quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · April 4, 2003 A novel mechanism for the production of high-energy photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented. Calculations indicate that this mechanism is the leading source of directly produced photons at RHIC in the region p⊥≤6 GeV/c. ... Cite

Parton cascades in high energy nuclear collisions

Journal Article International Journal of Modern Physics E · April 1, 2003 This is a review of the parton cascade model (PCM) which provides a QCD-based description of nucleus-nucleus reactions at very high energy. The PCM describes the collision dynamics within the early and dense phase of the reaction in terms of the relativist ... Full text Cite

Parton rescattering and colour screening in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · March 10, 2003 We study the microscopic dynamics of quarks and gluons in relativistic heavy ion collisions in the framework of the Parton Cascade Model. We use lowest order perturbative QCD cross sections with fixed lower momentum cutoff p Tmin. We calculate the time evo ... Full text Cite

Light from cascading partons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Journal Article Physical review letters · February 2003 We calculate the production of high energy photons from Compton and annihilation processes as well as fragmentation off quarks in the parton cascade model. The multiple scattering of partons is seen to lead to a substantial production of high energy photon ... Full text Cite

Parton rescattering and screening in Au + Au collisions at RHIC

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · January 9, 2003 We study the microscopic dynamics of quarks and gluons in relativistic heavy ion collisions in the framework of the Parton Cascade Model. We use lowest order perturbative QCD cross sections with fixed lower momentum cutoff PTmin. We calculate the time-evol ... Full text Cite

High-Energy Photons from Passage of Jets through Quark-Gluon Plasma

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 2003 We calculate the production of high-energy photons from Compton scattering and annihilation of a quark jet passing through a quark gluon plasma produced in a relativistic heavy ion collision. The contributions are large and reflect the momentum distributio ... Full text Cite

Phenomenology of jet quenching in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2003 We derive an analytical expression for the quenching factor in the strong quenching limit where the [Formula Presented] spectrum of hard partons is dominated by surface emission. We explore the phenomenological consequences of different scaling laws for th ... Full text Cite

Phenomenology of jet quenching in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2003 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0208038 ... Link to item Cite

Hadron production in heavy ion collisions: Fragmentation and recombination from a dense parton phase

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2003 We discuss hadron production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We argue that hadrons at transverse momenta [Formula Presented] are formed by recombination of partons from the dense parton phase created in central collis ... Full text Cite

Hadron production in heavy ion collisions: Fragmentation and recombination from a dense parton phase

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · 2003 We discuss hadron production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We argue that hadrons at transverse momenta P T<5 GeV are formed by recombination of partons from the dense parton phase created in central collisions at ... Cite

Net baryon density in Au + Au collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · 2003 The net-baryon multiplicity density distributions in Au + Au collisions were calculated at 130 and 200 GeV center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair. The parton cascade model predicted a net-baryon excess at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions, which was in agr ... Cite

Phenomenology of jet quenching in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2003 We derive an analytical expression for the quenching factor in the strong quenching limit where the pT spectrum of hard partons is dominated by surface emission. We explore the phenomenological consequences of different scaling laws for the energy loss and ... Full text Cite

Semihard scattering of partons at SPS and RHIC: A Study in contrast.

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C, Rapid Communication · December 2002 We analyze the contribution of pQCD based semi-hard parton (re)scattering to the reaction dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. While such processes are able to account for the measured yield of high momentum direct photons at SPS ... Link to item Cite

A relativistic parton cascade with radiation

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · October 1, 2002 We consider the evolution of a parton system which is formed at the central rapidity region just after an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision. The evolution of the system, which is composed of gluons, quarks and antiquarks, is described by relativistic B ... Full text Cite

Statistical fluctuations as probes of dense matter

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · May 6, 2002 The use of statistical fluctuations as probes of the microscopic dynamics of hot and dense hadronic matter is reviewed. Critical fluctuations near the critical point of QCD matter are predicted to enhance fluctuations in pionic observables. Chemical fluctu ... Full text Cite

THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE REVISITED

Journal Article · April 2002 Full text Cite

Fluctuation probes of quark deconfinement

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · February 11, 2002 Full text Cite

Results from the Mainz neutrino mass experiment

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 2002 Full text Cite

Experimental signatures of anomaly induced DCC formation

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 2002 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0011031 ... Link to item Cite

Semihard scattering of partons at [Formula Presented] vs 200 GeV: A study in contrast

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2002 We analyze the contribution of perturbative QCD based semihard parton (re)scattering to the reaction dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. While such processes are able to account for the measured yield of high-momentum direct phot ... Full text Cite

Experimental signatures of anomaly induced disoriented chiral condensate formation

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 2002 We discuss characteristic experimental signatures related to the formation of domains of disoriented chiral condensate triggered by the axial anomaly in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We predict that the enhancement of the fraction of neutral pions com ... Full text Cite

Chaotic quantization of classical gauge fields

Journal Article Foundations of Physics Letters · October 1, 2001 We argue that the quantized non-Abelian gauge theory can be obtained as the infrared limit of the corresponding classical gauge theory in a higher dimension. We show how the transformation from classical to quantum field theory emerges, and calculate Planc ... Full text Cite

Fluctuation probes of quark deconfinement

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · September 4, 2000 A different type of fluctuations in the multiplicities and momentum distributions of particles emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is considered. These fluctuations are sensitive to the microscopic structure of the dense matter. The fluctuations o ... Full text Cite

Nuclear enhanced higher-twist effects in the Drell-Yan process

Journal Article Nuclear Physics B · August 28, 2000 We calculate the Drell-Yan cross section, resolving the full kinematics of the lepton pair, at high transverse momentum for hadron nucleus collisions. We use the general framework of Luo, Qiu and Sterman to calculate double scattering contributions that ar ... Full text Cite

Klaus Kinder-Geiger

Journal Article Physics Today · April 1, 2000 Full text Cite

Ergodic properties of classical SU(2) lattice gauge theory

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · March 1, 2000 We investigate the relationship between the Lyapunov exponents of periodic trajectories, the average and fluctuations of Lyapunov exponents of ergodic trajectories, and the ergodic autocorrelation time for the two-dimensional hyperbola billiard. We then st ... Full text Cite

Collision of SU(2) gauge fields in 3+1 dimensions

Journal Article Computer Physics Communications · January 1, 2000 The Yang-Mills equations provide a classical mean field description of the non-Abelian soft glue field dynamics in heavy ion collisions at high energies. A C++ code for the numerical solution on a three-dimensional gauge lattice is presented. Non-perturbat ... Full text Cite

Ergodic properties of classical SU(2) lattice gauge theory

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 2000 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/9906037 ... Link to item Cite

Ergodic properties of classical SU(2) lattice gauge theory

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 2000 We investigate the relationship between the Lyapunov exponents of periodic trajectories, the average and fluctuations of Lyapunov exponents of ergodic trajectories, and the ergodic autocorrelation time for the twodimensional hyperbola billiard. We then stu ... Cite

K-factors in parton cascades at RHIC and SPS

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · December 30, 1999 Different treatments for the inclusion of higher-order perturbative QCD corrections in parton based transport models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions are studied and their influence on experimental observables is investigated. At RHIC, particle multipl ... Full text Cite

Quark matter '99 - Theoretical summary: What next?

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · December 27, 1999 Full text Cite

Lattice gauge description of colliding nuclei

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · November 1, 1999 We propose a novel formalism for simultaneously describing both the hard and soft parton dynamics in ultrarelativistic collisions of nuclei. The emission of gluons from the initially coherent parton configurations of the colliding nuclei and low-p1 colour ... Full text Cite

Beyond the Parton Cascade Model: Klaus Kinder-Geiger and VNI

Journal Article AIP Conference Proceedings · 1999 Full text Cite

Angular dependence of the nuclear enhancement of drell-yan pairs

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1999 We calculate the nuclear enhancement in the angular distribution of Drell-Yan pairs produced in proton-nucleus reactions. Nuclear effects are encoded in universal twist-4 parton correlation functions. We find that the Lam-Tung relation for the angular coef ... Full text Cite

Real time dynamics of colliding gauge fields and the 'glue burst'

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1999 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9812066 ... Link to item Cite

Real time dynamics of colliding gauge fields and the “glue burst”

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1999 The Yang-Mills equations provide a classical mean field description of gauge fields. In view of developing a coherent description of the formation of the quark gluon plasma in high energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions we study pure gauge field dynamics in ... Full text Cite

Quarks unleashed at low energy

Journal Article Physics World · January 1, 1999 Full text Cite

Hard Thermal Loops from Transport Processes

Journal Article · December 9, 1998 This paper discusses attempts to numerically compute the effects of hard thermal loops in non-abelian gauge theories at finite temperature by means of solutions of Heinz' transport equation for an ensemble of classical colored particles interacting with a ... Link to item Cite

How Dense Does Parton Matter Get in Pb + Pb Collisions at the CERN SPS?

Journal Article Acta Physica Hungarica New Series Heavy Ion Physics · December 1, 1998 We examine the qualitative features of parton production through materialization in heavy-ion collisions within perturbative QCD, and estimate the magnitude of the resulting parton density created during the early stage of the collisions. The implications ... Cite

Formation and Decay of Chiral Condensates in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Journal Article · October 1, 1998 We discuss the various physics aspects of hypothetical, coherent excitations of the pion field caused by spontaneously generated local distortions of the chiral order parameter. Such distortions, which may occur in the expansion of a hot fireball created i ... Link to item Cite

Anomaly induced domain formation of disoriented chiral condensates

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · September 23, 1998 We discuss the effect of the chiral anomaly as a possible mechanism for triggering the formation of domains of disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The anomalous (Formula presented) coupling and the strong, Lorentz cont ... Full text Cite

Non-central heavy-ion collisions are the place to look for DCC

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · August 10, 1998 We give two reasons why we believe that non-central ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are the place to look for the disoriented chiral condensates (DCC). First, we argue that the most probable quench scenario for the formation of DCC requires non-cent ... Full text Cite

Charmonium Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Journal Article · June 8, 1998 This is a review of theoretical attempts to describe production of heavy quark bound states in nucleus-nucleus collisions, in particular, the relative suppression of $J/\psi$ and $\psi'$ production observed in these reactions. The review begins with a surv ... Link to item Cite

Signatures for the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Nuclear Physics A · February 16, 1998 I survey the experimental signatures of a quark-gluon plasma in the light of present and future experiments. This includes a review of new theoretical results concerning the QCD equation of state and the formation of a dense parton plasma in high energy nu ... Full text Cite

Model of charmonium absorption by light mesons

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1998 We calculate the cross sections for dissociation of [Formula Presented] by pions and ρ mesons within the framework of a meson exchange model. We find that these cross sections are small at center-of-mass energies less than 1 GeV above threshold, and that d ... Full text Cite

Anomaly induced domain formation of disoriented chiral condensates

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1998 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9805261 ... Link to item Cite

Chern-Simons number diffusion with hard thermal loops

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1998 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9710436 ... Link to item Cite

Classical gluon radiation in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions: Space-time structure, instabilities, and thermalization

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1998 We investigate the space-time structure of the classical gluon field produced in an ultrarelativistic collision between color charges. The classical solution which was computed previously in a perturbative approach is shown to become unstable on account of ... Full text Cite

Chern-Simons number diffusion with hard thermal loops

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1998 We construct an extension of the standard Kogut-Susskind lattice model for classical [Formula Presented]-dimensional Yang-Mills theory, in which “classical particle” degrees of freedom are added. We argue that this will correctly reproduce the “hard therma ... Full text Cite

Classical lattice gauge fields with hard thermal loops

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · September 18, 1997 We propose a formulation of the long-distance dynamics of gauge theories at finite temperature on a lattice in Minkowski space, including the effects of hard thermal loops on the dynamics of the long wavelength modes. Our approach is based on the dual clas ... Full text Cite

Quantum fluctuations and dynamical chaos

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · March 31, 1997 We discuss the intimate connection between the chaotic dynamics of a classical field theory and the instability of the one-loop effective action of the associated quantum field theory. Using massless scalar electrodynamics as an example, we show how the ra ... Full text Cite

Chemical equilibration of an expanding quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · March 20, 1997 The chemical equilibration of the parton distribution in collisions of two heavy nuclei at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is investigated. Initial conditions are obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation. The onset of transverse expansion of ... Full text Cite

Expanding quark-gluon plasmas: Transverse flow, chemical equilibration, and electromagnetic radiation

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1997 We investigate the chemical equilibration of the parton distributions in collisions of two heavy nuclei. We use initial conditions obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation and, for comparison, from the HIJING model. We consider a one-dimens ... Full text Cite

Quantum Fluctuations and Dynamical Chaos: An Effective Potential Approach

Journal Article Foundations of Physics · January 1, 1997 We discuss the intimate connection between the chaotic dynamics of a classical field theory and the instability of the one-loop effective action of the associated quantum field theory. Using the example of massless scalar electrodynamics, we show how the r ... Full text Cite

Thermalization and Lyapunov exponents in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1997 We investigate thermalization processes occurring at different time scales in the Yang-Mills-Higgs system at high temperatures. We determine the largest Lyapunov exponent associated with the gauge fields and verify its relation to the perturbatively calcul ... Full text Cite

Classical fields near thermal equilibrium

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1997 We discuss the classical limit for the long-distance (“soft”) modes of a quantum field when the hard modes of the field are in thermal equilibrium. We address the question of the correct semiclassical dynamics when a momentum cutoff [Formula presented] is ... Full text Cite

Gluon radiation and coherent states in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1997 We explore the correspondence between classical gluon radiation and quantum radiation in a coherent state for gluons produced in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The expectation value of the invariant momentum distribution of gluons in the coherent st ... Full text Cite

Strangeness in paradise: The strange quark as a probe of QCD

Journal Article Acta Physica Hungarica New Series Heavy Ion Physics · December 1, 1996 I review the arguments for considering the strange quark as a probe of changes in the QCD vacuum, and of the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, in particular. I survey existing data showing enhanced production of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy ion c ... Cite

Self-Screened Parton Cascades

Journal Article · August 8, 1996 The high density of scattered partons predicted in nuclear collisions at very high energy makes color screening effects significant. We explain how these screening mechanisms may suppress nonperturbative, soft QCD processes, permitting a consistent calcula ... Link to item Cite

Study of Chaos and Scaling in Classical SU(2) Gauge Theory

Journal Article · July 5, 1996 Following a recent suggestion by Nielsen, Rugh, and Rugh, we study the energy scaling of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of classical Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory. It is shown that the conjectured scaling behavior $\lambda_0\sim E^{1/4}$ at small e ... Link to item Cite

Probing the Fifth State of Matter with Relativistic Heavy Ions: A Theoretical Overview

Journal Article · June 28, 1996 I review the current status of lattice Monte-Carlo computations of the equation of state of QCD, our current understanding of the thermalization process at collider energies, and two new theoretical developments, one pertaining to the ab-initio calculation ... Link to item Cite

Disoriented chiral condensate and strong electromagnetic fields

Journal Article Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics · June 6, 1996 We discuss the effect of strong electromagnetic fields on chiral orientation in the framework of the linear σ model. Based on lessons we learn from computation of the effective potential at one loop, we argue that the chiral U(1) anomaly dominates chiral d ... Full text Cite

Wave packet collisions in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1996 We present numerical simulations of colliding wave packets in spontaneously broken SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory. Compared with pure Yang-Mills theory, introducing the Higgs field leads to new aspects in the dynamics of the system. The evolution of the gau ... Full text Cite

Screening of initial parton production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Phys. Lett. B · 1996 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9509285 ... Link to item Cite

From reversible quantum microdynamics to irreversible quantum transport

Journal Article Physics Report · January 1, 1996 The transition from reversible microdynamics to irreversible transport can be studied very efficiently and systematically with the help of the so-called projection method. After a concise introduction to that method we illustrate its power by using it to a ... Full text Cite

Symmetry restoration in gauge boson wave packet collisions in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory

Journal Article Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology · January 1, 1996 We investigate the restoration of spontaneously broken gauge symmetry in collisions of gauge boson wave packets in the SU(2) Higgs model. © 1996 The American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

The search for the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · January 1, 1996 We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate ... Full text Cite

Physics and signatures of the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Reports on Progress in Physics · December 1, 1995 This is a critical review of the various observables that have been proposed to signal the change from dense hadronic matter to a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature or baryon density. I discuss current models of quark-gluon plasma formation in relativi ... Full text Cite

Reheating after supercooling in the chiral phase transition

Journal Article Physics Letters B · November 16, 1995 We study the conversion of the latent heat of a supercooled quark-gluon plasma into excitations of the pion field. Supercooling is predicted to occur in the late stages of the evolution of a quark-gluon plasma produced in energetic heavy-ion collisions, if ... Full text Cite

Chaos driven by soft-hard mode coupling in thermal Yang-Mills theory

Journal Article Physics Letters B · November 9, 1995 We argue on a basis of a simple few modes model of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory that the color off-diagonal coupling of the soft plasmon to hard thermal excitations of the gauge field drives the collective plasma oscillations into chaotic motion despite the pre ... Full text Cite

Quark matter '95: Where are we and what needs to be done?

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · July 24, 1995 Full text Cite

NUCLEAR THEORY WHITE PAPER 1995

Journal Article · February 15, 1995 We review the accomplishments of nuclear theory during the past five years and identify the future challenges and research opportunities. [Final, substantially revised version of the nuclear theory white paper] ... Link to item Cite

Open charm production in an equilibrating parton plasma

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 1995 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9412352 ... Link to item Cite

Pion fusion in peripheral pp collisions

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1995 We estimate the cross section for quasielastic double pion exchange in high energy proton-proton collisions. Total and elastic ππ cross sections are calculated in an equivalent pion approximation, with pion-baryon vertices taken from chiral perturbation th ... Full text Cite

Lyapunov exponent and plasmon damping rate in non-Abelian gauge theories

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1995 We explain why the maximal positive Lyapunov exponent of classical SU(N) gauge theory coincides with (twice) the damping rate of a plasmon at rest in the leading order of thermal gauge theory. © 1995 The American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

Wave packet dynamics in Yang-Mills theory

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1995 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9502276 ... Link to item Cite

Colored Chaos

Journal Article · August 14, 1994 I review recent progress in our understanding of the basis of statistical models for hadronic reactions and of the mechanisms of thermalization in nonabelian gauge theories. (Invited talk given at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Hot Hadronic Matter: ... Link to item Cite

Larger domains of disoriented chiral condensate through annealing

Journal Article Physics Letters B · June 23, 1994 Relativistic heavy ion collisions can generate metastable domains in which the chiral condensate is disoriented. Nucleussizeddomains can yield measurable fluctuations in the number of neutral and charged pions. We propose a scenario in whichdomains are "an ... Full text Cite

Variational approach to real-time evolution of Yang-Mills gauge fields on the lattice

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · February 28, 1994 Applying a variational method to a gaussian wave ansatz, we have derived a set of semi-classical evolution equations for SU(2) lattice gauge fields, which take the classical form in the limit of a vanishing width of the gaussian wave packet. These equation ... Full text Cite

D-meson as a probe of early parton rescattering

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 3, 1994 Initial parton scatterings produce a hot and dilute gluonic gas in high energy nuclear collisions. Pre-equilibrium gluon rescatterings are shown to have significant contributions to the charm production. In contrast to the gluon shadowing effect in the ini ... Full text Cite

Parton equilibration at RHIC and LHC

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 3, 1994 The processes leading to phase space equilibration of parton distributions in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are investigated. A set of rate equations describing the chemical equilibration of quarks and gluons based on perturbative QCD including me ... Full text Cite

Manifestation of infrared instabilities in high-energy processes in nonAbelian gauge theories

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1994 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9310001 ... Link to item Cite

Hamiltonian dynamics of Yang-Mills fields on a lattice

Journal Article Int. J. Mod. Phys. C · 1994 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9306002 ... Link to item Cite

Wigner functional approach to quantum field dynamics

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1994 We introduce the Wigner functional representing a quantum field in terms of the field amplitudes and their conjugate momenta. The equation of motion for the functional of a scalar field points out the relevance of solutions of the classical field equations ... Full text Cite

QCD evolution equations for high-energy partons in nuclear matter

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1994 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9312281 ... Link to item Cite

Measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor from inclusive quasielastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized He3

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 1, 1994 We report a measurement of the asymmetry in spin-dependent quasielastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized He3 target. The neutron magnetic form factor GMn has been extracted from the measured asymmetry based on recent PWIA c ... Full text Cite

The Dirac-Coulomb problem for the κ-Poincar e ́ quantum group

Journal Article Physics Letters B · December 16, 1993 The recently introduced κ-Poincar e ́-Dirac equation is gauged to treat the κ-Dirac-Coulomb problem. For the resulting equation, we prove that the perturbation to first order in the quantum group parameter vanishes identically. The second order perturbation ... Full text Cite

Pion condensation in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · October 21, 1993 Recently it was pointed out that coherent or condensated states of pions may account for the explanation of the Centauro events observed in cosmic ray showers. We argue that an occurence of condensed pions requires that the system evolves far out of therma ... Full text Cite

Magnetic screening in thermal Yang-Mills theories

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · September 6, 1993 We develop a method to calculate the density of magnetic monopoles in nonabelian gauge theories at finite temperature in the dilute gas approximation in the semiclassical limit. This quantity is related to the inverse magnetic screening length for which we ... Full text Cite

Some remarks on pion condensation in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Phys. Lett. B · 1993 http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9307336 ... Link to item Cite

Parton equilibration in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 1993 http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9303004 ... Link to item Cite

Collective excitations of the QED vacuum

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1993 Using relativistic Green's-function techniques we examined single-electron excitations from the occupied Dirac sea in the presence of strong external fields. The energies of these excited states are determined taking into account the electron-electron inte ... Full text Cite

QCD phenomenology of nucleon-nucleon cross sections

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · December 1, 1992 The authors calculate the inclusive parton-parton cross section in p+p and p+p collisions in the framework of perturbative QCD and snow that the measured non-diffractive cross section requires a transverse momentum cut-off p Tmin of several GeV c-1 at high ... Full text Cite

Signatures of the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · July 20, 1992 I review the various observables that have been proposed as signals for the change in the structure of dense hadronic matter, when it becomes quark-gluon plasma at high temperature, or quark matter at high baryon density. I also discuss the inherent ambigu ... Full text Cite

Dynamics of parton cascades in highly relativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · July 20, 1992 We present a QCD based relativistic kinetic model for high energy nuclear colisions, which is inspired by the parton picture of hadronic interactions. The nuclear dynamics is traced back to the microscopic level of quark and gluon interactions in the frame ... Full text Cite

Exact Dirac propagator in a magnetic "sheet"

Journal Article Physics Letters A · April 6, 1992 We derive the exact fermionic Green function in an idealized magnetic field configuration, which becomes exact in the infinite energy limit. The fields under consideration can be produced, e.g., in peripheral ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. © 1992. ... Full text Cite

W boson condensation in p-p collisions?

Journal Article Physics Letters B · March 12, 1992 We address the question of whether W± boson condensation can occur in high-energy collisions. © 1992. ... Full text Cite

Dynamics of parton cascades in highly relativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section B · February 3, 1992 We present a fully relativistic space-time approach for the simulation of highly-energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions. The model incorporates the idea of the factorization of short-range parton-parton interactions and the hadronization process. The nuclear ... Full text Cite

Quark - anti-quark condensates in strong magnetic fields

Journal Article Mod. Phys. Lett. A · 1992 Cite

Multiparticle production in lepton-nucleus collisions and relativistic string models

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 1, 1992 Nuclear attenuation of the leading (xf>0) hadron and the nuclear enhancement of target fragmentation (xf<0) hadrons in lepton-nucleus reactions are calculated via a (3+1)-dimensional string-parton model. A (1+1)-dimensional string model is used to investig ... Full text Cite

Vacuum polarization and the electric charge of the positron

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1992 We show that higher-order vacuum polarization would contribute a measurable net charge to atoms, if the charges of electrons and positrons do not balance precisely. We obtain the limit Qe+Qē<10-18e for the sum of the charges of electron and positron. This ... Full text Cite

Color screening in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Phys. Lett. B · 1992 Cite

Deterministic chaos in non-Abelian lattice gauge theory

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1992 We present numerical evidence that the real-time Hamiltonian dynamics of SU(2) gauge theory on a spatial lattice exhibits deterministic chaos in the semiclassical limit. We determine the largest Lyapunov exponent of the gauge field as a function of energy ... Full text Cite

Probing parton thermalization time with charm production

Journal Article Phys. Rev. Lett. · 1992 Cite

Cosmic ray tracking: a new approach to high-energy γ-astronomy

Journal Article Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment · December 1991 Full text Cite

Low energy e+e- scattering

Journal Article Reports on Progress in Physics · December 1, 1991 Electron-positron scattering provides a model-independent test for the existence of neutral particles coupling to the e+e- field. The authors review the effects of possible particle resonances X0 in the energy range between threshold and a few MeV on elect ... Full text Cite

Quark gluon plasma signatures?

Journal Article Phys. Rev. · 1991 Cite

Higgs boson production in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. Coherent double-pomeron exchange

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 1, 1991 Higgs boson production by coherent double-pomeron exchange in peripheral nuclear collisions at energies of several TeV per nucleon is calculated. It is shown that a trigger on quasi-elastic nuclear collisions strongly suppresses the cross section. The anal ... Full text Cite

Low-energy e+ e- scattering

Journal Article Rept. Prog. Phys. · 1991 Cite

Nuclear polarization in heavy atoms and superheavy quasiatoms

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1991 We consider the contribution of nuclear polarization to the Lamb shift of K- and L-shell electrons in heavy atoms and quasiatoms. Our formal approach is based on the concept of effective photon propagators with nuclear-polarization insertions treating effe ... Full text Cite

Transverse baryon flow as possible evidence for a quark-gluon-plasma phase

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1991 In order to investigate the coupling between collective flow of nucleons and pions in hot pion-dominated hadronic matter, we calculate the pion-nucleon drag coefficient in linearized transport theory. We find that the characteristic time for flow equalizat ... Full text Cite

Strangeness in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 1, 1991 Recently studied aspects of the production of strange hadrons in relativistic nuclear collisions and their relevance as a signature of quark-gluon plasma formation are reviewed. © 1991. ... Full text Cite

Higgs boson production in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 1, 1991 The idea of producing neutral particles via fusion of virtual photons accompanying ultra-relaitivistic heavy ions is reviewed. In particular, the possibility that such a mechanism could provide a method for producing and detecting intermediate mass Higgs b ... Full text Cite

Production of supersymmetric particles in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · December 1, 1990 Heavy ions with energies of some TeV per nucleon can be considered as carriers of intense photon fields. In peripheral collisions elementary particles with masses up to a few 100 GeV can be produced via two-photon processes. The authors evaluate total cros ... Full text Cite

Investigation of autoionizing levels in the ag i spectrum populated by a combination of discharge and laser excitation

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics · September 28, 1990 Ag I autoionizing levels were populated by a combination of discharge and laser excitation. Twenty-six of the observed lines are assigned to dipole transitions to the Ag I 4d95snl (nl=5p, 6s, 5d, 7s, 6d) configurations. An additional 37 unclassified lines ... Full text Cite

Pair creation in a flux tube

Journal Article Physics Letters B · September 6, 1990 We have studied the pair creation rate in a cylindrical region of space with a homogeneous electric field parallel to the cylinder axis. MIT boundary conditions on the surface of the cylinder are imposed. The wave functions of the created particles are cal ... Full text Cite

Production of hypothetical, light neutral particles in high-energy channeling

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1990 The rates for X° creation by photons and electrons channeling along a crystal axis are estimated. The process is found to depend strongly on the parameters of the crystal fields. Promising X° production rates can therefore be obtained for germanium rather ... Full text Cite

Time independent description of the t(d, n)α fusion reaction in the presence of a muon

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1990 We describe the (α n μ)-(d t μ) continuum above and below the d+(t μ)1s threshold using the R-matrix formalism. The continuum is explicitly constructed in an adiabatic approximation, and the asymptotic phase shifts and amplitudes in all channels are obtain ... Full text Cite

(η-η′-ι)-mixing, decay and production mechanisms

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields · June 1, 1990 We present a phenomenological model for meson-glueball mixing and apply it to the mixing of the pseudoscalar mesons η and η′ with the ι(1440)-particle as the prime candidate for a 0-+-glueball. Using the MIT bag model framework, our model incorporates, amo ... Full text Cite

Transverse size effects in the fragmentation of hadronic strings

Journal Article Physics Letters B · April 26, 1990 The transverse momentum distribution of (anti) quarks created in the chromo-electric field of an infinitely long hadronic flux tube is derived. The effects of the finite radius of the hadronic strings on their fragmentation are studied simulating e+e- anni ... Full text Cite

Boson interferometry in string fragmentation

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields · March 1, 1990 Bose-Einstein correlation of identical pions in e+e- annihilation at {Mathematical expression} GeV c.m. energy is studied within the framework of a dynamic string model of hadrons. It is shown that taking Fourier transform of the measured correlation funct ... Full text Cite

Strangeness production with 'massive' gluons

Journal Article Phys. Rev. · 1990 Cite

Hadronic matter in the string model

Journal Article Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. · 1990 Cite

Magnetic neutrino scattering by crystals

Journal Article Phys. Rev. · 1990 Cite

PC-fortran programs for muon reactivation calculations in muon-cataluzed fusion

Journal Article Computer Physics Communications · January 1, 1990 The introduction of a μ- particle into a mixture of hydrogen isotopes brings about a repetitive cycle of processes leading to nuclear fusion and the release of energy. Sticking is one of the critical processes limiting the number of fusions induced by one ... Full text Cite

Muon catalyzed fusion for nuclei with Z > 1

Journal Article J. Phys. G · 1990 Cite

Localized bound states of fermions interacting via massive vector bosons

Journal Article Journal of Mathematical Physics · January 1, 1990 A model for composite systems consisting of fermions with internal degrees of freedom interacting via intermediate vector bosons (IVB) is constructed. Highly localized, low-mass bound states are found in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The dependence of th ... Full text Cite

Composite particle decay as a possible source of e+e- lines in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · December 1, 1989 The authors discuss an extended particle structure whose decay into e +e- may be the source of the correlated electron-positron coincidences in heavy-ion collisions measured at GSI. The general properties of the particle, like its excitation spectrum and l ... Full text Cite

Spin exchange in low energy electron-ion collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters · December 1, 1989 The elastic scattering of an electron by a hydrogenic ion of charge (Z-1) is investigated. For scattering energies Ekin in the eV region, where the Bohr-Sommerfeld parameter y is large compared to one, the cross section for spin exchange of the electrons i ... Full text Cite

Electron density waves in superconducting matter

Journal Article Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids · October 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Pair correlations of neutral strange particles emitted in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · March 16, 1989 We point out the possible role of neutral strange particles (Λ, KoS) as probes for the size of a baryon-rich fireball formed in relativistic nuclear collisions. A striking difference in the size parameters determined by the hyperons on one hand, and kaons ... Full text Cite

Nuclear polarization contribution to the Lamb shift in heavy atoms

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1989 The energy shift of the 1s1/2 state in U92238 due to virtual excitation of nuclear rotational modes is shown to be a considerable correction for atomic high-precision experiments. In contrast to this, nuclear polarization effects are of minor importance fo ... Full text Cite

Atomic parity violation in U(90+)$

Journal Article Phys. Rev. A · 1989 Cite

Electroweak physics at ultrarelativistic heavy-ion colliders

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · January 1, 1989 Nuclear beams with energies of several TeV per nucleon are considered as carriers of intense fields of photons in the energy range up to 100 GeV. Cross sections for intermediate boson and Higgs production by two-photon collisions are predicted to be in the ... Full text Cite

Muon reactivation in muon-catalyzed D-T fusion

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1989 We comprehensively reanalyze and search for the density dependence of the effective muon alpha sticking fraction ωsff observed experimentally in muon catalyzed deuterium-tritium fusion. In our work particular emphasis has been put on the density dependent ... Full text Cite

Survival of J/Psi in hadronic matter at high energy density

Journal Article Mod. Phys. Lett. A · 1989 Cite

Strongly bound bipositronium states in QED?

Journal Article J. Phys. G · 1989 Cite

Prospects for an atomic parity-violation experiment in U90+

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1989 Parity mixing of electron states should be extremely strong for heliumlike uranium. We calculate its size and discuss whether it could be determined experimentally. We analyze one specific scheme for such an experiment. The required laser intensities for t ... Full text Cite

Nonlinear interactions and poly-positronium bound states

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1988 The creation of a hypothetical many-electron-positron bound system was suggested as a possible source of the correlated peaks observed in the e + and e- spectra of various heavy-ion collisions. A new electron-electron interaction was assumed, which becomes ... Full text Cite

Can multiple structures in positron spectra be caused by atomic effects?

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters · December 1, 1988 In recent experiments at least two structures have been detected in positron spectra from subcritical (total charge Z ≦ 174) heavy-ion collisions at bombarding energies ELab=5.7-5.9 MeV/n. The origin of these structures is unexplained up to now. Atomic eff ... Full text Cite

Coherent photon production in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1988 We have studied photon production in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies in the Molecular Dynamics approach, where the radiation amplitudes have been derived from the many-body dynamics in the classical bremsstrahlung formalism. This concept allo ... Full text Cite

Electronic excitations in heavy ion collisions with sequential fission

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1988 We calculate δ-electron and positron distributions resulting from heavy ion collisions under consideration of a sequential fission in the outgoing channel. The resulting spectra are found to be only weakly sensitive to the underlying dynamics of the fissio ... Full text Cite

Exclusion of quasi-bound e+ e- states at MeV energies within the framework of QED

Journal Article Annals of Physics · August 1, 1988 We give general arguments that no narrow quasi-bound e+ e- state can exist above 2me. We extend the virial theorem of QED to quasi-bound states and show that corrections due to renormalization and due to the fact that a resonance is not an energy eigenstat ... Full text Cite

Bethe-Salpeter equation for a four fermion system

Journal Article Mod. Phys. Lett. A · 1988 Cite

Local vacuum excitations in strong electromagnetic fields?

Journal Article Int. J. Mod. Phys. A · 1988 Cite

Positron production in crossed beams of bare uranium nuclei

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1988 Positron creation in crossed-beam collisions of high-energy, fully stripped heavy ions is investigated within the coupled-channel formalism. In comparison with fixed-target collisions of highly stripped heavy-ion projectiles positron production probabiliti ... Full text Cite

Nonlinear extensions of the Dirac equation and their implications in QED

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1988 We investigate the influence of additional nonlinear terms in the Dirac Lagrangian on strongly bound electron states in heavy and superheavy atoms. Upper bounds for the coupling constants are deduced by comparison with precision spectroscopy data in QED. W ... Full text Cite

Strangeness and heavy ion reactions

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 1, 1988 We investigate possible consequences of strangeness formation in heavy ion reactions at different excitation energies. First of all we study ground state properties of multi-Λ hypernuclei. They seem to have strongly enhanced interaction radii and could be ... Full text Cite

Resonant Bhabha scattering at MeV energies

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · December 1, 1987 We discuss, on a phenomenological level, the possible appearance of resonances in e++e- scattering at energies in the MeV region. The expected resonance cross section and angular distribution are examined. The observability depends crucially on the attaina ... Full text Cite

Description of multi-particle cluster correlations in the ground state of many-body systems

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1987 A new method to describe the presence of multi-particle clusters in the ground state (vacuum) of a many-body system is presented. It relies on a unitary transformation in Fock space and can be used to investigate alpha -clustering in nuclei as well as clus ... Full text Cite

Electron-positron scattering matrix in supercritical heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · November 19, 1987 The scattering matrix describing the electron-positron excitation during a heavy-ion collision is discussed. It is shown that spontaneous positron emission in the presence of a long nuclear delay time precisely corresponds to the formal resonance condition ... Full text Cite

Puzzling positron peaks in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physica Scripta · November 1, 1987 Characteristic features of positron creation in collisions of very heavy ions are depicted. First continuum solutions of the two-centre Dirac equation are presented. Calculated e+-production probabilities are compared with experimental data. The observatio ... Full text Cite

Pion and photon bremsstrahlung in a heavy ion reaction model with friction

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1987 Based on a classical dynamical model of nuclear motion with a velocity dependent friction force we calculate pionic and electromagnetic bremsstrahlung emitted in heavy ion collisions with bombarding energies between 20 and 84 MeV/n. For arbitrary projectil ... Full text Cite

Calculation of L3 subshell alignment within a coupled-state formalism

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters · June 1, 1987 Theoretical results for the impact parameter dependence of the A20 alignment parameter are compared with experimental data. The calculations have been performed within a coupled channel formalism, using relativistic atomic wave functions as basis states. © ... Full text Cite

Angular correlations of electron-positron pairs produced in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · March 1, 1987 We investigate the strength of angular correlations between coincident electron-positron pairs produced in Pb + Pb collisions at 5.7 MeV/u. The angular correlations are predicted to be observable at electron energies above 200 keV, almost independent of po ... Full text Cite

Spontaneously broken gauge theory in strong external fields

Journal Article Physics Letters B · January 15, 1987 It was proposed in a former paper [A. Schäfer, B. Müller and W. Greiner, Phys. Lett. B 149 (1984) 455] that in strong fields the VEV of a Higgs field can become space and time dependent and that the Goldstone boson might become visible. As an example the G ... Full text Cite

Strange particles as signature of the quark-gluon plasma: A status report

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · January 5, 1987 The prospects of detecting the formation of a quark-gluon plasma in nuclear collisions at very high energy are reviewed. Predictions that the strange versus nonstrange antibaryon ratio is a good signal in the baryon-"rich" region are confirmed. The usefuln ... Full text Cite

Casimir energy at finite temperature

Journal Article Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · January 1, 1987 We derive an integral representation for the temperature corrections to the Casimir effect between perfectly conducting parallel plates placed in the electromagnetic field for arbitrary dimension. The representation has the advantage that dependence upon t ... Full text Cite

On the detection of cosmic-background neutrinos by acoustic phonon scattering

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1987 We examine the possible detection of cosmic-background neutrinos by coherent neutrino-phonon scattering. Our conclusion is that at least for simple detector schemes the reaction rate is unobservably small. © 1987 The American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

Positron and delta electron emission in the systems Ta + Th and Au + U

Journal Article Physica B+C · January 1, 1987 We present theoretical positron- and δ-electron spectra for the sub-critical systems Ta + Th (Ztot = 163) and U + Au (Ztot = 171) as a function of impact parameter b and laboratory angle θL. For the system Ta + Th in addition the excitation function for dy ... Full text Cite

K-shell ionization by antiprotons

Journal Article Phys. Rev. A · 1987 Cite

How adiabatic is quantum tunneling?

Journal Article Annals of Physics · January 1, 1987 We consider the coupling between collective and intrinsic degrees of freedom of a many-dimensional quantum system. We give a criterion for the validity of the adiabatic approximation in tunneling processes and derive an equation for the "lag" of the intrin ... Full text Cite

The relativistic fermi gas in a nonuniform velocity field

Journal Article Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · January 1, 1987 We review the relativistic Fermi gas in an inhomogeneous velocity field and calculate components of the current vector and the energy-momentum tensor in a comoving frame. We derive quantum corrections to the classical distribution function in the framework ... Full text Cite

Is there a tightly bound poly-positronium state?

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1986 The authors suggest that a system containing several electron-positron pairs (an 'e+e- droplet') could be highly localised and tightly bound if there exists a many-body force of short range acting between leptons. Such a state could have properties require ... Full text Cite

Strangeness production and evolution in quark gluon plasma

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · December 1, 1986 The formation and evolution of strange quarks in quark gluon plasma is studied assuming perturbative QCD and qualitative models of plasma phase expansion. Chemical equilibrium abundance characteristic of the hottest and densest phase of nuclear collisions ... Full text Cite

Positron line structures in U-U collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1986 U-U collisions at energies near the Coulomb barrier are discussed. A quantum mechanical treatment of nuclear motion including the influence of quasibound states in a pocket of the scattering potential is developed. Positron emission probabilities are calcu ... Full text Cite

Systematics of spontaneous positron lines

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1986 Dynamical and spontaneous positron emission are investigated for heavy-ion collisions with long time delay using a semiclassical description. Numerical results and analytical expressions for the characteristic quantities of the resulting spontaneous positr ... Full text Cite

Models for new particle production in nuclear collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atomic Nuclei · September 1, 1986 Following up our earlier work and also stimulated by recent experimental results on positron production in heavy ion collisions we investigate various mechanisms for the production of a light, previously unknown particle in such collisions. As more convent ... Full text Cite

A new scaling law for electron emission in intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · March 27, 1986 A new scaling law is presented for the emission of electrons in intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions. An improved formula is obtained which correctly describes electron emission also in the limit of very short nuclear stopping times τ. In this limit th ... Full text Cite

MO-radiation interference phenomena as a "clock" for nuclear reaction times

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters · March 1, 1986 Molecular orbital K x-rays emitted during Pb+Pb collisions are investigated. Two results are presented: A slight filling up of the minimum observed in the differential radiation cross-section is given by radiative transitions from the M-shell to the L-shel ... Full text Cite

Improved bounds on the dimension of space-time

Journal Article Phys. Rev. Lett. · 1986 Cite

Geometrical properties of gauge theories

Journal Article Annals of Physics · January 1, 1986 We calculate the metric of the orbit space in the free Yang-Mills theory and in scalar electrodynamics. From this metric we derive the curvature of the orbit space. We examine singular points where the curvature is ill defined. Finally we discuss the relat ... Full text Cite

Comment on "production mechanisms for a new neutral particle below 2 MeV"

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1986 Full text Cite

The Casimir effect

Journal Article Physics Reports · January 1, 1986 This report gives an introduction to the Casimir effect in quantum field theory and its applications. The interaction between the vacuum of a quantized field and an external boundary or a classical external field is investigated laying particular emphasis ... Full text Cite

Phenomenological consequences of a hypothetical light neutral particle in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 1, 1986 We discuss the possibility that the line structure observed in the spectrum of the positrons produced in heavy ion collisions is due to the decay of a new neutral elementary particle. We argue that this can be ruled out unless one is willing to accept fine ... Full text Cite

Strangeness in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Reports · January 1, 1986 Abundances of strange antibaryons formed in nuclear collisions at above 10 GeV/A are considered as a most accessible diagnostic tool for the study of the possible formation and physical properties of the quark-gluon plasma phase of hadronic matter. In this ... Full text Cite

Production of light pseudoscalar particles in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1986 We calculate the cross section for the production of a hypothetical light neutral pseudoscalar particle in heavy-ion collisions due to the two-photon process. For an inverse coupling strength f in the 100-GeV range we predict a cross section of 10-14 fm2 f ... Full text Cite

Bounds on the fractal dimension of space

Journal Article J. Phys. A · 1986 Cite

Muon sticking in muon catalysed doorway D-T fusion

Journal Article Physics Letters B · December 12, 1985 Loss of muons due to capture (sticking) by the α-particle formed in a muon catalysed D-T fusion process driven by the intermediate nuclear resonant state in 5He( 3 2+) is investigated. Depending on the properties of the resonant doorway state, the muon sti ... Full text Cite

Hartree-Fock-calculation of parity-violation in cesium

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1985 We present a relativistic Hartree-Fock calculation of the parity violating E1-matrixelement of the 6 s↔7 s transition in cesium. Our result E1= -8.4·10-12iea0 for sin2θw = 0.22 is in good agreement with the experimental value. We also give a general discus ... Full text Cite

Electromagnetic probes of nuclear collisions at intermediate energy

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1985 We show that emission of high-energy electrons and photons in nuclear collisions at intermediate energies is sensitive to the space-time evolution of the reaction. The electron and photon spectra measure related but complementary quantities connected with ... Full text Cite

Coupled state analysis of electron excitations in asymmetric collision systems

Journal Article Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A · November 1, 1985 A coupled channel formalism is presented, using relativistic basis states of the target atom. Screening effects are incorporated by means of an effective potential of the Hartree-Fock-Slater type. Relativistic wave packets are employed for the description ... Full text Cite

Dirakovskiye chastitsy v polye magnitnykh monopolyei i silyanykh Elyektrichyeskikh zaryadov

Journal Article Il Nuovo Cimento A · October 1, 1985 The field of a magnetic pointlike monopole acts in a similar way on a charged Dirac particle as the field of a very strong electric point charge. To explore this parallel we construct a field solution for an extended magnetic-charge distribution. In contra ... Full text Cite

Atomic excitations in supercritical fields of giant nuclear systems

Journal Article Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B · May 15, 1985 Theoretical results for the δ-electron distribution and positron emission in superheavy systems are compared with recent experimental data. Special emphasis is laid on atomic excitations in deep inelastic nuclear collisions. It is demonstrated that the stu ... Full text Cite

Quark-gluon plasma cooling through pion emission in a chiral bag model

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section A · March 18, 1985 A hypothetical quark-gluon plasma is described as a large bag, filled with quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, of radius R ∼ 2-6 fm and temperature T ∼ 100-250 MeV. We consider the cooling of this plasma through pion emission at the bag surface in a chiral-mod ... Full text Cite

Lα emission from collisional excitation of H Atoms by threshold energy Ar+ ions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · March 1, 1985 In a specially designed collision chamber, H atoms produced by a microwave discharge were excited into the 2 p state by impact of Ar+ ions in a beam. A degree of dissociation up to η=94% was measured at the exit of the microwave source, although in the cen ... Full text Cite

Letter to the editor

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1985 The possibility of the production of a new neutral elementary particle in heavy-ion collisions is discussed. © 1985 The Institute of Physics. ... Full text Cite

Comment on "new atomic mechanism for positron production in heavy-ion collisoins"

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1985 A Comment on the Letter by W. Lichten and A. Robatino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 781 (1985). © 1985 The American Physical Society. ... Full text Cite

Positron production in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Prog. Part. Nucl. Science · 1985 Cite

Superheavy quasi-atoms and quantum electrodynamics in strong fields

Journal Article Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B · January 1, 1985 Distinct peak structures have been observed in spectra of positrons emitted in collisions of very heavy ions such as U-Th, U-U, Th-Cm and U-Cm. Characteristic features of these structures are discussed and confronted with our theoretical results. It is arg ... Full text Cite

The decay of the vacuum in supercritical fields of giant nuclear systems

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1985 The structure of the vacuum has become of general importance in modern physics. In this context the vacuum of quantum electrodynamics plays a special role because it changes drastically in strong external electric fields and these changes can be followed i ... Full text Cite

Delta electron emission as an atomic clock in deep-inelastic and intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1985 We investigate the spectra of electrons which are emitted during heavy ion collisions, traditionally denoted as δ-electrons. The slope in the kinetic energy distribution of ejected δ-electrons provides a finger-print of the occuring delay and deceleration ... Full text Cite

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the presence of strong fields

Journal Article Physics Letters B · December 27, 1984 We analyse the properties of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the presence of external sources, concentrating on the question whether these sources can lead to a change of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field. We discuss in particular how the me ... Full text Cite

On the fission mechanism of an ellipsoidal MIT bag

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1984 The single-particle spectrum of a light quark moving in the field generated by a heavy quark-antiquark pair placed at the foci of an ellipsoidal bag is calculated in a variational approach. Residual interactions due to gluon exchange are accounted for in t ... Full text Cite

The influence of electron-electron interaction on inner-shell excitation processes in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · December 1, 1984 The authors present calculations of electron excitation rates in heavy-ion collisions, in which the electron-electron interaction is treated within a relativistic self-consistent field approach. In comparison with earlier calculations neglecting electron s ... Full text Cite

Nuclear time delay in resonant heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · October 1, 1984 From a quantum mechanical model for quasielastic nuclear scattering, involving a pocket in the internuclear potential, we derive a distribution of nuclear delay times. We show that coherent excitation of states in a rotational band of nuclear resonances le ... Full text Cite

Electric and magnetic polarizability of the nucleon in the MIT bag model

Journal Article Physics Letters B · August 16, 1984 The electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton and neutron are calculated in the framework of the MIT bag model. Neglecting vacuum-polarization we get αp = αn = 10.8 × 10-4 fm3, βp = 2.3 × 10-4 fm3 and βn = 1.5 × 10-4 fm3, in good agreement with ... Full text Cite

Time structure and atomic excltation spectra in heavy-ion collisions with nuclear contact

Journal Article Annals of Physics · January 1, 1984 From a quantum mechanical model for quasielastic nuclear scattering, employing a pocket in the internuclear potential at close distances, a distribution of nuclear delay times is derived. The influence of this time structure on atomic excitation spectra is ... Full text Cite

Electron emission and positron production in deep inelastic heavy-ion reactions

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 1, 1984 Atomic excitations are used to obtain information on the course of a nuclear reaction. Employing a semiclassical picture we calculate the emission of δ electrons and positrons in deep inelastic nuclear reactions for the example of U+U collisions incorporat ... Full text Cite

Pionic bremsstrahlung in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Nucl. Phys. A · 1984 Cite

Deformed solutions of the MIT quark bag model

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1983 The authors have solved the quark confinement boundary-value problem of the MIT bag model numerically for axially deformed bag shapes. As first results they present a Nilsson-type level diagram for quarks confined in a deformed cavity. Minimising the baryo ... Full text Cite

String-like solutions and regge trajectories in a cylindrically deformed quark bag model

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields · December 1, 1983 With the string picture in mind, we study quark bags of a simple fixed geometry: cylindrical. It is shown that the Dirac boundary value problem {Mathematical expression} of the M.I.T. bag model has no solutions, if this quark confinement condition is appli ... Full text Cite

Positrons from supercritical fields of giant nuclear systems

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1983 During collisions of heavy nuclei with a combined charge Z≳160 the electronic 1 s-state is deeply bound due to the strong Coulomb field, for Z≧173 it even enters as a resonance the lower continuum of the Dirac-Hamiltonian. In pure Rutherford scattering no ... Full text Cite

Critical remarks on a scaling law for inner-shell ionization

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · September 1, 1983 In superheavy quasimolecules the number of created 1 sσ-vacancies per collisions P1sσ can be evaluated approximately by a simple scaling law. This analytical relation correctly reproduces the measured dependence of P1sσ on the impact parameter, bombarding ... Full text Cite

Interference effects in MO X-ray spectra caused by nuclear sticking in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Physics Letters A · March 7, 1983 Molecular orbital K X-rays emitted during Pb + Pb collisions are investigated assuming nuclear contact with sticking times of 10-19 s and 3 × 10-20 s, respectively. A peak in the differential radiation spectrum near the united-atom Kα line is obtained whic ... Full text Cite

Fission of bags by spontaneous quark-antiquark pair production in supercritical colour fields

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields · March 1, 1983 We describe the fission of heavy quarkonia as the decay of the bag vacuum state by spontaneous creation of a light quark-antiquark pair due to super-critical colour-electric fields. In the adiabatic approximation the heavy quarks are reduced to two point c ... Full text Cite

Beam energy dependence of spontaneous positron creation in delayed nuclear collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · February 1, 1983 We compute positron emission from U+Cm collisions within a quantum mechanical model for delayed nuclear collisions. We demonstrate a striking beam energy dependence of the strength of the spontaneous positron peak. © 1983 Springer-Verlag. ... Full text Cite

New scheme for spontaneous symmetry breaking of color SU(3)

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1983 A new spontaneous-symmetry-breaking mechanism is formulated for SU(3), which is used to describe the formation of bags around quarks. The Higgs field is replaced by the scalar product of two colored fermion fields. This model gives mass only to one gluon ( ... Full text Cite

Can the observed structures in positron spectra be caused by internal conversion?

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · January 1, 1983 The energy distribution of positrons emitted in quasimolecular collisions of Uranium on Uranium and Uranium on Curium has been measured by several groups. Peak structures in the positron spectra were observed. We discuss the possibility that these structur ... Full text Cite

Quantum mechanical treatment of electron-positron excitations in heavy ion collisions with nuclear contact

Journal Article Annals of Physics · January 1, 1983 A general theory is formulated of electron-positron excitations in heavy ion collisions with nuclear contact, treating the nuclear relative motion quantum mechanically. A set of coupled channel equations for the electronic occupation amplitudes is derived, ... Full text Cite

Description of atomic excitations in heavy-ion reactions

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1983 Excitations of the atomic shell in heavy-ion collisions are influenced by the presence of a nuclear reaction. In the present Rapid Communication we point out the equivalence between a semiclassical description based on the nuclear autocorrelation function ... Full text Cite

Cylindrical deformed quark bags

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1982 Presents approximate solutions of the MIT bag model for quarks in cylindrical bags. For a cylindrical bag surface it is found that Dirac's equation does not admit solutions corresponding to the linear boundary condition in psi = psi . It admits, neverthele ... Full text Cite

Role of internal symmetry in pp annihilation

Journal Article Physics Letters B · October 14, 1982 Internal symmetry influences the form of quantum spectra as well as the abundance of particles emitted by a thermal source. Isospin conservation in proton-antiproton annihilation is used to quantitatively illustrate the influence of these phenomena on mean ... Full text Cite

δ-electron production rates in the superheavy system Br + Pb

Journal Article Physics Letters A · April 5, 1982 A coincidence measurement between δ-electrons and 1sσ-vacancies in the heavy ion collision of 3579Br + 82208Pb is compared with absolute values of theoretical coupled channel results. © 1982. ... Full text Cite

Stability and decay of the Dirac vacuum in external gauge fields

Journal Article Physics Reports · January 1, 1982 We consider various gauge fields coupled to the free Dirac equation according to symmetry principles. The gauge fields are treated as classical, unquantized fields. Sufficiently strong time-independent fields may give rise to spontaneous particle creation ... Full text Cite

Strangeness production in the quark-gluon plasma

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1982 Rates are calculated for the processes gg→ss̄ and uū,dd̄→ss̄ in highly excited quarkgluon plasma. For temperature T>~160 MeV the strangeness abundance saturates during the lifetime (∼10-23 sec) of the plasma created in high-energy nuclear collisions. The chem ... Full text Cite

Self-energy of electrons in critical fields

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1982 The energy shift of K electrons in heavy atoms due to the self-energy correction has been calculated. This process is treated to all orders in Zα, where Z denotes the nuclear charge. For the superheavy system Z=170, where the K-shell binding energy reaches ... Full text Cite

The decay of the vacuum in the field of superheavy nuclear systems

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · September 1, 1981 In the strong Coulomb field of a nucleus or quasimolecule with Z≳172 a change of the QED vacuum has been predicted, signalled by the spontaneous emission of positrons if holes in the K-shell are available. The dynamical semiclassical theory of positron exc ... Full text Cite

Systematics of inner-shell ionization in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · September 1, 1981 We present a detailed comparison of theoretical results on 1 sσ-ionization probabilities and δ-electron production rates with recent experimental data. The investigations are restricted to collisions of very heavy ions with (Z1+Z2)α≳1 below the Coulomb bar ... Full text Cite

Limiting charge for electrostatic point sources

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A: Atoms and Nuclei · June 1, 1981 We investigate the behaviour of the vacuum charge around a supercritical nucleus with Z>137 in dependence on the nuclear radius. The screening effects are considered in a quasiclassical approximation. We show that in the point nucleus limit the nuclear cha ... Full text Cite

Temperature dependence of the bag constant and the effective lagrangian for gauge fields at finite temperatures

Journal Article Physics Letters B · April 30, 1981 We calculate the free energy for a gauge field at finite temperature in the presence of a constant gauge magnetic field in the one-loop approximation, omitting unstable modes. The effect of finite temperature on the approximate "true" Savvidy ground state ... Full text Cite

K-vacancy formation in deep inelastic nuclear reactions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · March 1, 1981 Full text Cite

Theory of positron production in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1981 Collisions of very heavy ions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are discussed as a unique tool to study the behavior of the electron-positron field in the presence of strong external electromagnetic fields. To calculate the excitation processes indu ... Full text Cite

Electron-translation effects in heavy-ion scattering

Journal Article Physical Review A · January 1, 1981 The origin and importance of electron-translation effects within a molecular description of electronic excitations in heavy-ion collisions is investigated. First, a fully consistent quantum-mechanical description of the scattering process is developed; the ... Full text Cite

Mean-field approximation for inclusive observables

Journal Article Phys. Rev. C · 1981 Cite

K-vacancy formation in deep inelastic nuclear reactions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1980 We investigate the dependence of inner shell vacancy production on interaction time T in deep inelastic nuclear reactions. Coupled channel calculations for Xe-Pb, Pb-Pb, and U-U collisions are presented. In the heaviest system strong interference minima fo ... Full text Cite

Pion bremsstrahlung and critical phenomena in relativistic nuclear collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · June 16, 1980 We investigate the dependence of pion bremsstrahlung on the deceleration of the nuclei in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The vicinity of an abnormal phase in nuclear matter can lead - owing to critical N-N scattering - to faster deceleration or decreas ... Full text Cite

Coupled channel analysis of inner-shell vacancy formation in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · June 1, 1980 We calculate the ionization probability of the quasimolecular 1 sσ-state in collisions of very heavy ions with (Z1+Z2) α≳1. Multistep excitation processes between bound and continuum states are investigated. Due to the multistep processes the number of cre ... Full text Cite

Radiation and the structure of space-time

Journal Article General Relativity and Gravitation · April 1, 1980 The classical bremsstrahlung problem is discussed with respect to the global structure of space-time. Various physical phenomena (such as the Hawking effect, etc.) connected with the large-scale structure of space-time are mentioned. © 1980 Plenum Publishi ... Full text Cite

Mach-shock electron distributions from solids

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter and Quanta · January 1, 1980 Heavy ion induced density fluctuations in the electron plasma of solids known as wakes show the characteristic features of Mach-shock waves. We propose a method to detect the electron wake in solid state materials by measuring the angular distribution of e ... Full text Cite

Dirac particles in Rindler space

Journal Article Phys. Rev. D · 1980 Cite

Phase transitions in nuclear matter

Journal Article Physical Review C · January 1, 1980 A method for the description of spin-isospin phase transitions in nuclear matter is developed. It allows a complete description of the pion condensation phase transition in the framework of the Landau-Migdal Fermi liquid theory. The equation of the order p ... Full text Cite

Pion radiation from fast heavy ions

Journal Article Phys. Scripta · 1980 Cite

Some comments on the relativistic Thomas-Fermi model

Journal Article Phys. Lett. B · 1980 Cite

Limiting charge for point nuclei

Journal Article Phys. Lett. B · 1980 Cite

Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields in heavy ion collision

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1980 Quantum Electrodynamics of strong external fields is discussed in the context of atomic physics. For sufficiently large electromagnetic coupling constant Zα bound states can approach and even join the antiparticle continuum of the Dirac equation. The resul ... Full text Cite

Dynamical aspects: Coherent production of positrons in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · January 1, 1980 Collisions of very heavy ions are discussed as a means to investigate quantum electrodynamics in the presence of strong external fields. The action of the combined Coulomb field of the closely approaching nuclei leads to strong binding of the inner electro ... Full text Cite

Self-consistent determination of critical two-centre distances

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · December 1, 1979 In collisions of very heavy ions (Z1+Z2 greater than 173) the binding energy of the quasimolecular 1s sigma state may exceed twice the electron rest mass. The critical internuclear separation is calculated within the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater model. ... Full text Cite

On the adequacy of first-order perturbation theory for calculations of inner-shell ionisation

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · December 1, 1979 Transition probabilities for inner-shell electrons during the formation of quasi-molecular systems in heavy-ion collisions are considered. The effect of transitions to the continuum on discrete transition probabilities is given via a simple prescription sa ... Full text Cite

How good is the adiabatic basis in heavy ion collisions?

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · December 1, 1979 Discusses the optimal choice of the basis for calculations of inner-shell excitations in the collision of heavy ions. Starting from a variational principle which minimises the time-integrated coupling strength, a relation between a model two-centre distanc ... Full text Cite

Cosmological particle production

Journal Article Physics Letters A · November 12, 1979 We apply the WKB approximation of path integrals to pair creation in expanding universes. Friedman cosmologies for arbitrary equations of state p = αρ{variant} are discussed. Observational data are in favor of a stiff equation of state (p ∼ ρ{variant}). © ... Full text Cite

The impact parameter dependence of the Pb + Pb K - MO spectrum

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · September 1, 1979 Molecular orbital X-rays are emitted during ion-atom collisions. The theoretical treatment, numerical results for the Pb + Pb system and a comparison with background radiation like NNB, SEB and γ-decay of Coulomb excited nuclei are presented. © 1979 Spring ... Full text Cite

Delta electrons: An atomic clock for deep inelastic collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · June 1, 1979 We calculate the δ-electron distribution resulting from heavy ion collisions with projectile energies above the Coulomb barrier. It is shown that the life time (Δτ≳10-21s) of superheavy composite systems causes pronounced oscillations in the electron spect ... Full text Cite

Phase transitions and shock waves in nuclei

Journal Article Physics Letters B · March 26, 1979 In the present paper we investigate the compatibility of shock waves and phase transitions in nuclear matter. We show, that a continuous phase transition, i.e. the coexistence of the two phases, is not compatible with the existence of a sharp shock front. ... Full text Cite

Vacuum with spin in the ecsk-theory of gravitation

Journal Article Physics Letters A · March 5, 1979 The decay of the isotropic spin 1/2 particle-antiparticle vaccum in an external torsion field is shown. For very high torsion fields the overcritical vacuum is described in a statistical model. © 1979. ... Full text Cite

Electrons in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Phys. Rev. A · 1979 Cite

Role of multistep processes in heavy-ion inner-shell excitations

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1979 This Letter discusses inner-shell excitation in collisions of very heavy ions (Z1+Z2140) in the framework of the quasimolecular model. The importance of multistep excitations and of coupling between continuum states is demonstrated. The 1sσ vacancy probabi ... Full text Cite

Angular correlation between autoionization electrons and scattered ions in 2000-eV He+-He collisions

Journal Article Physical Review A · 1979 Complex population amplitudes for the excitation of magnetic sublevels of He(2p2)D1 and He(2s2p)P1 states in 2-keV He+ -He collisions have been determined by measuring the energy spectra of the corresponding autoionization electrons ejected at different an ... Full text Cite

Mach cones induced by fast heavy ions in electron plasma

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1978 Fast heavy ions penetrating through solids initiate density oscillations of the electron plasma, forming Mach cones if the projectile velocity exceeds a critical value cs. These Mach waves should lead to the directed emission of electrons from the target. ... Full text Cite

Relaxation times in intermediate quasi-molecules

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · December 1, 1978 The influence of perturbative interactions is discussed in the frame-work of time-dependent perturbation theory. A characteristic time (to be called relaxation time), during which a given initial state of the system will be depleted, is defined. In case th ... Full text Cite

On gravitation theories with limiting curvature

Journal Article Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General · December 1, 1978 The authors discuss the solutions of the generalised gravitational field equations derived from the nonlinear Lagrangian for a limiting curvature theory and compare the free space solutions as well as the solutions for an extended star with the correspondi ... Full text Cite

Delta electrons as a probe of strong magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters A · November 13, 1978 We propose that the spin polarization of delta electrons should be used as a measure of the strong magnetic fields (B∼1017 G) induced by the nuclear motion in collisions of very heavy ions. The polarization is typically of the order of 10-20 percent in Pb- ... Full text Cite

Positron emission in PbPb and PbU collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · September 25, 1978 We present quantitative calculations of positron emission dynamically induced in the collision of PbPb and PbU. The results are compared with recent measurements, yielding evidence for new processes characteristic for quantum electrodynamics of strong fiel ... Full text Cite

Spontaneous vacuum decay of supercritical nuclear composites

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A · March 1, 1978 We show that in deep inelastic heavy ion collisions with Z1+Z2> 173 the spontaneous decay of the neutral vacuum by emission of positrons may be isolated from other competing positron producing processes. From the details of the spontaneous positron spectru ... Full text Cite

The influence of rotational coupling on K-vacancy formation in U-Pb collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A · March 1, 1978 The probability for 2p1/2σ-ionization in U-U and Pb-Pb collisions is calculated. The results are used to explain the measured impact parameter dependence for K-vacancy production in U-Pb collisions as the sum of direct ionization and strong rotational and ... Full text Cite

Inner shell ionization in the Pb-Pb quasimolecule

Journal Article Physics Letters A · February 6, 1978 Direct ionization of the 1sσ, 2sσ, 3sσ and 2p 1 2σ electronic states via radial coupling in the Pb-Pb quasimolecule is investigated as function of the impact parameter b. The ionization probability decreases exponentially like P(b)∼exp(- b a), with a1sσ=19 ... Full text Cite

K-X-ray spectrum of the Pb + Pb quasimolecules

Journal Article Physics Letters B · January 2, 1978 We present ab initio calculations of the quasimolecular K-X-ray spectrum from the Pb + Pb system, where both the Kd-hole amplitude and the radiation amplitude is calculated in first order perturbation theory. A comparison with the background radiation like ... Full text Cite

Scaling behaviour of inner-shell ionization in superheavy quasi-molecules

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A · January 1, 1978 We derive an approximate analytical formula for the K-shell ionization in collisions of very heavy atoms. The impact parameter and bombarding energy dependence are well described. The binding energy of the bound state at closest approach enters in a simple ... Full text Cite

Ion-electron coincidence measurements of the azimuthal dependence of electrons from autoionizing He atoms excited in 2000-eV He+-He collisions

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · 1978 The azimuthal angular dependence and corresponding energy spectra have been measured for electrons ejected at 135° from the beam direction by autoionizing He atoms in the (2p2)D1 and (2s2p)P1 states, which were excited by 2000-eV He+ ions scattered through ... Full text Cite

Particles in a stationary spherically symmetric gravitational field

Journal Article Journal of Physics A: General Physics · December 1, 1977 Dirac's equation has been considered in a Schwarzschild (Reissner-Nordstrom) background. Resonances in a continuum of states are found, similar to the Klein-Gordon case. Also the solutions of the Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations are investigated for an ext ... Full text Cite

On the identification of superheavy elements from L and M spectra

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1977 Various possibilities for interpreting the recently observed X-rays from supposedly superheavy elements are studied. These X-rays can also be explained by atomic lines of superheavy elements from the Z=164 and Z=114 islands. ... Full text Cite

Parastatistics as an effective description of complex particles (nucleus-nucleus collisions and muonic atoms)

Journal Article Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics · December 1, 1977 Parastatistics with continuous order are proposed. The various parastatistics are used in scattering theory as an effective description accounting for the internal structure of composite particles (nuclei). Also investigated is the possibility that muons a ... Full text Cite

Interpretation of external fields as temperature

Journal Article Physics Letters A · November 14, 1977 We show that average excitation of the vacuum state in the presence of an external electric field can be described by an effective temperature kT = eE (2πm). We present a qualitative generalization of our result to other interactions. Some phenomenological ... Full text Cite

Transition rates of electrons in superheavy elements

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei · September 1, 1977 Transition rates for electrons in the superheavy elements Z=114, 126, 134, 145, 164 and 173 are calculated. K, L and M-shells are considered as final states. The 2 s-1 s transition of multipolarity M 1 is dominant for Z = 173 with a transition time of 10-1 ... Full text Cite

The electrostatic and gravitational field of spherically symmetric objects

Journal Article Physics Letters A · July 25, 1977 The electrostatic and gravitational fields of an extended spherically symmetric object is presented. The limit to a point-like object is discussed for Born-Infeld type of electrodynamics and it is shown, that the extreme Reissner-Nordstrøm field, where no ... Full text Cite

Shakeoff of the vacuum polarization in quasimolecular collisions of very heavy ions

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1977 The theory of direct electron-positron pair production in the collision of heavy ions is formulated in the framework of the quasimolecular model. The pair production process acquires a collective nature for (Z1+Z2)>1 and can be understood as the shakeoff o ... Full text Cite

The critical distance in collisions of heavy ions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · November 22, 1976 There is a large discrepancy in published values of the critical distance in heavy-ion collisions. We have recalculated the critical distance by a more accurate method for symmetric collisions of point nuclei as a function of Z. The reasons for the discrep ... Full text Cite

Vector coupling and bound states of fermions in three space dimensions

Journal Article Physical Review D · January 1, 1976 The behavior of fermions interacting via vector gluons in the strong-coupling limit is investigated. A suitable coupling between the Dirac and the vector-gluon field gives rise to bound-state solutions. The coherent field approximation is employed to find ... Full text Cite

The two center Dirac equation

Journal Article Z. Naturforsch. · 1976 Cite

Radiative transitions induced in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · January 1, 1976 Amplitudes for radiative transitions in fast-rotating molecules and heavy-ion collisions are derived. The effect of the Coriolis force on the electron motion and on the radiative transition amplitude is formulated. The term in the transition amplitude depe ... Full text Cite

Direct formation of quasimolecular 1sσ vacancies in uranium-uranium collisions

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1976 The direct (Coulomb) formation of electron vacancies in the 1sσ state of superheavy quasimolecules is investigated for the first time. Its dependence on the impact parameter, projectile energy, and its contribution from excitations into the continum and hi ... Full text Cite

Positron creation in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Ann. Rev. Nucl. Science · 1976 Cite

Dynamical theory of intermediate molecular phenomena in heavy ion scattering

Journal Article Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics · December 1, 1975 A general formulation of the collision between two heavy ions is presented. While this formalism may also be applied to nuclear structure problems, the emphasis is placed upon the electronic structure. Molecular and relativistic effects on the electronic m ... Full text Cite

Spectroscopy of superheavy two centre orbitals

Journal Article Physics Letters B · January 6, 1975 The inner shell molecular orbitals formed in heavy ion collisions become states of superheavy atoms as the two nuclei amalgamate. It is shown that there is a unique correspondence between the scattering energy, i.e., the distance of closest approach, and t ... Full text Cite

Sudden rearrangements in intermediate molecular systems

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1975 Intensity oscillations are observed in the quasimolecular K x-ray spectrum emitted in high-energy Ni58-Ni58 collisions. The oscillating structure is shown, theoretically, to reflect the existence of a two-step mechanism for the production of molecular-orbi ... Full text Cite

Stabilization of the charged vacuum created by very strong electrical fields in nuclear matter

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1975 The expectation value of electrical charge in charged vacuum is calculated utilizing the Thomas-Fermi model. We find almost complete screening of the nuclear charge. For any given nuclear density there is an upper bound for the electrical potential. For no ... Full text Cite

Induced radiative transitions of intermediate molecules in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Physics Letters B · April 15, 1974 Three types of transitions exists in intermediate molecules occuring in heavy ion scattering: spontaneous radiative, induced non-radiative, and induced radiative decay. The latter ones yield an asymmetric angular distribution for molecular X-rays with resp ... Full text Cite

Transition energies in the ionized Br+Br quasi-molecule

Journal Article Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2 · April 1, 1974 Full text Cite

The charged vacuum in over-critical fields

Journal Article Nuclear Physics, Section B · January 21, 1974 The concept of over-critical fields, i.e. fields in which spontaneous, energy-less electron-position pair creation may occur, is discussed. It is shown that only a charged vacuum can be a stable ground state of the overcritical field. The time-dependent tr ... Full text Cite

Theory of induced molecular-orbital K X rays in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1974 The mechanisms of spontaneous and induced emission of radiation are derived from the Dirac equation in a rotating coordinate system. The molecular-orbital x-ray spectra exhibit a strong asymmetry with respect to the beam axis. The asymmetry peaks for the h ... Full text Cite

Induced decay of the neutral vaccum in overcritical fields occurring in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1974 In critical or nearly critical heavy-ion collisions, induced as well as spontaneous energyless e-e+ pair creation result in the decay of the neutral vacuum. Induced transitions from the negative-energy continuum into a vacant molecular 1s level can occur e ... Full text Cite

Critical discussion of the vacuum polarization measurements in muonic atoms

Journal Article Annals of Physics · January 1, 1974 Recent disagreement between theoretical and experimental values of transition energies for outer states in muonic atoms is discussed in the range of 150-440 keV. A brief review of the present status of calculation of the theoretical contributions is given. ... Full text Cite

The change of the vacuum in superheavy quasimolecules

Journal Article Phys. Scripta · 1974 Cite

The charged vacuum in overcritical fields

Journal Article NUKLEONIKA · January 1, 1974 Cite

Solution of the Dirac equation with two Coulomb centres

Journal Article NUKLEONIKA · January 1, 1974 Cite

Electron wave functions in over-critical electrostatic potentials

Journal Article Il Nuovo Cimento A Series 11 · December 1, 1973 The mathematical properties of the solutions of the Dirac equation in over-critical external potentials are investigated. The 1/r Coulomb potential is treated as the limit R → 0 of cut-off Coulomb potentials (R is the cut-off parameter). The results are in ... Full text Cite

Solution of the Dirac equation with two Coulomb centres

Journal Article Physics Letters B · October 15, 1973 The Dirac equation for a relativistic particle (electron) in the field of two Coulomb centres Z1 and Z2 - pointlike as well as extended charges - has been solved. The systems BrBr, IAu, UU are shown as examples. © 1973. ... Full text Cite

Autoionization spectra of positrons in heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2 · September 1, 1973 Full text Cite

Superheavy electronic molecules

Journal Article Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2 · July 1, 1972 Full text Cite

Auto-ionization of positrons in heavy ion collisions

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik · June 1, 1972 Autoionization of positrons occurs as a fundamentally new process of quantum electrodynamics, if empty 1 s- or 2 p1/2- etc. electronic shells obtain binding energies larger than 2 mec2. This effect should be experimentally observable in the scattering of v ... Full text Cite

Electron shells in over-critical external fields

Journal Article Zeitschrift für Physik · February 1, 1972 When the charge of a nucleus exceeds Z=Zcr≈ 164-172 the energy of the 1 s-electron level is lowered beyond the critical value of -mec2. Then this bound level is degenerated with negative energy continuum solutions of the Dirac equation and becomes a resona ... Full text Cite

Electron shells in strong external fields

Journal Article Z. Phys. A · 1972 Cite

Solution of the dirac equation for strong external fields

Journal Article Physical Review Letters · January 1, 1972 The 1s bound state of superheavy atoms and molecules reaches a binding energy of -2mc2 at 169. It is shown that the K shell is still localized in r space even beyond this critical proton number and that it has a width Γ (several keV large) which is a posit ... Full text Cite

Shear viscosity of classical Yang-Mills field

Journal Article Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology Link to item Cite