Scholars@Duke
Gregory M. Palmer

Gregory M. Palmer

Professor of Radiation Oncology
Radiation Oncology
greg.palmer@duke.edu
Box 3455 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
203 Research Drive, MSRB1 Rm 281, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Evaluating Tumor Hypoxia Radiosensitization Via Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oxygen Imaging (EPROI).

Journal Article Mol Imaging Biol · June 2024 PURPOSE: Tumor hypoxia contributes to aggressive phenotypes and diminished therapeutic responses to radiation therapy (RT) with hypoxic tissue being 3-fold less radiosensitive than normoxic tissue. A major challenge in implementing hypoxic radiosensitizers ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Novel Preclinical Murine Model to Monitor Inflammatory Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Lymphovascular Invasion.

Journal Article Cancers (Basel) · April 12, 2023 Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an understudied and lethal breast cancer, is often misdiagnosed due to its unique presentation of diffuse tumor cell clusters in the skin and dermal lymphatics. Here, we describe a window chamber technique in combination w ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Clinical Study to Assess Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with an Auto-Calibrated, Pressure-Sensing Optical Probe in Head and Neck Cancer.

Journal Article Curr Oncol · February 24, 2023 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a powerful tool for quantifying optical and physiological tissue properties such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation and vascularity. DRS is increasingly used clinically for distinguishing cancerous lesions from normal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intravital optical imaging for immune cell tracking after photoimmunotherapy with plasmonic gold nanostars.

Journal Article Nanotechnology · August 31, 2022 Bladder cancer has been ranked as one of the most commonly occurring cancers in men and women with approximately half of the diagnoses being the late stage and/or metastatic diseases. We have developed a novel cancer treatment by combining gold nanostar-me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantifying the effects of anesthesia on intracellular oxygen via low-cost portable microscopy using dual-emissive nanoparticles.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · July 1, 2022 Intracellular oxygenation is an important parameter for numerous biological studies. While there are a variety of methods available for acquiring in vivo measurements of oxygenation in animal models, most are dependent on indirect oxygen measurements, rest ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Spectroscopic Technique to Simultaneously Characterize Fatty Acid Uptake, Mitochondrial Activity, Vascularity, and Oxygen Saturation for Longitudinal Studies In Vivo.

Journal Article Metabolites · April 19, 2022 Aggressive breast cancer has been shown to shift its metabolism towards increased lipid catabolism as the primary carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we present a technique to longitudinally monitor lipid metabolism and oxidative ph ... Full text Link to item Cite

An investigation of kV mini-GRID spatially fractionated radiation therapy: dosimetry and preclinical trial.

Journal Article Physics in medicine and biology · February 2022 Objective. To develop and characterize novel methods of extreme spatially fractionated kV radiation therapy (including mini-GRID therapy) and to evaluate efficacy in the context of a pre-clinical mouse study.Approach. Spatially fractionated G ... Full text Cite

Plasmonic gold nanostars for synergistic photoimmunotherapy to treat cancer.

Journal Article Nanophotonics · September 2021 Cancer is the second leading cause of death and there is an urgent need to improve cancer management. We have developed an innovative cancer therapy named Synergistic Immuno Photothermal Nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) by combining gold nanostars (GNS)-mediated pho ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Imaging Hypoxia

Chapter · January 1, 2021 Hypoxia is a well-established pathophysiologic feature of solid tumors that has demonstrated links to poor prognosis. It is a direct cause of radioresistance and also contributes to chemoresistance. In addition, it is immunosuppressive. Given these pleiotr ... Full text Cite

Dual-emissive, oxygen-sensing boron nanoparticles quantify oxygen consumption rate in breast cancer cells.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · November 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: Decreasing the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of tumor cells is a powerful method for ameliorating tumor hypoxia. However, quantifying the change in OCR is challenging in complex experimental systems. AIM: We present a method for quantifying t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Abstract 6630: Synergistic immuno photothermal nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) for combination cancer therapy

Conference Cancer Research · August 15, 2020 AbstractCheckpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has been a revolutionary milestone in cancer treatment because it can counter the tumor immunosuppressive environment to improve patients' overall survival and even ... Full text Cite

Abstract P1-03-03: Multichannel serial imaging of transgenic, preclinical murine models provides the first quantitative analysis of the unusual growth kinetics and lymph-vascular invasion of patient-derived inflammatory breast cancer cells and tumor emboli

Conference Cancer Research · February 15, 2020 AbstractBackground: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), a critical feature of advanced cancers, is a major route of metastatic dissemination. Of the clinically-distinct types of breast cancer, the most lethal var ... Full text Cite

Nanostar probes: A golden platform for Synergistic Immuno Photothermal Nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) for the treatment of metastatic cancer

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2020 The discovery of new treatments for cancer is imperative. Recently, we showed in a proof-of-concept study that SYnergistic IMmuno PHOtothermal NanotherapY (SYMPHONY) is a powerful treatment for metastatic bladder cancer and brain tumor in mouse models. Our ... Full text Cite

Cherenkov emissions for studying tumor changes during radiation therapy: An exploratory study in domesticated dogs with naturally-occurring cancer.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 PURPOSE: Real-time monitoring of physiological changes of tumor tissue during radiation therapy (RT) could improve therapeutic efficacy and predict therapeutic outcomes. Cherenkov radiation is a normal byproduct of radiation deposited in tissue. Previous s ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Simultaneous in vivo optical quantification of key metabolic and vascular endpoints reveals tumor metabolic diversity in murine breast tumor models.

Journal Article J Biophotonics · April 2019 Therapeutically exploiting vascular and metabolic endpoints becomes critical to translational cancer studies because altered vascularity and deregulated metabolism are two important cancer hallmarks. The metabolic and vascular phenotypes of three sibling b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Targeting Fluorescent Nanodiamonds to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors in Tumor.

Journal Article Bioconjug Chem · March 20, 2019 The increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors is associated with angiogenesis in a growing tumor, presenting potential targets for tumor-selective imaging by way of targeted tracers. Though fluorescent tracers are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and Pre-clinical Methods for Quantifying Tumor Hypoxia.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 2019 Hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic of most solid malignant tumors, contributes to diminished therapeutic responses and more aggressive phenotypes. The term hypoxia has two definitions. One definition would be a physiologic state where the oxygen partial p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perspectives on Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) Research, Clinical Management and Community Engagement from the Duke IBC Consortium.

Journal Article J Cancer · 2019 Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an understudied and aggressive form of breast cancer with a poor prognosis, accounting for 2-6% of new breast cancer diagnoses but 10% of all breast cancer-related deaths in the United States. Currently there are no ther ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Implantable "smart tattoo" SERS nanosensors for in vivo detection of nucleic acid biotargets in a large animal model

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2019 Although nanotechnology has led to important advances in in vitro diagnostics, the development of nanosensors for in vivo molecular detection remains very challenging. Here, we demonstrated the proof-of-principle of in vivo detection of nucleic acid target ... Full text Cite

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensors for in vivo detection of nucleic acid targets in a large animal model

Journal Article Nano Research · August 1, 2018 Although nanotechnology has led to important advances in in vitro diagnostics, the development of nanosensors for in vivo detection remains very challenging. Here, we demonstrated the proof-of-principle of in vivo detection of nucleic acid targets using a ... Full text Open Access Cite

Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Murine Model of Chronic Radiation-Induced Proctitis.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · August 1, 2018 PURPOSE: Radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used to treat most pelvic malignancies. While treatment is often effective, curative radiation doses to the rectum can result in chronic radiation-induced proctitis, which is characterized by diarrhea, tenesmus, and/o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Near-simultaneous quantification of glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and vascular parameters in murine flank tumors using quantitative diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · July 1, 2018 The shifting metabolic landscape of aggressive tumors, with fluctuating oxygenation conditions and temporal changes in glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, is a critical phenomenon to study in order to understand negative treatment outcomes. Recently, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract 4152: Synergistic gold nanostar-mediated photothermal and immunotherapy for cancer metastasis treatment

Conference Cancer Research · July 1, 2018 AbstractCancer has become a severe thread to human health resulting in more than eight million deaths each year. Cancer metastasis is the main mechanism in more than 90 percent of cancer deaths. However, cur ... Full text Cite

Assessing effects of pressure on tumor and normal tissue physiology using an automated self-calibrated, pressure-sensing probe for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · May 2018 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) represents a quantitative, noninvasive, nondestructive means of assessing vascular oxygenation, vascularity, and structural properties. However, it is known that such measurements can be influenced by the effects of p ... Full text Link to item Cite

XIAP Regulation by MNK Links MAPK and NFκB Signaling to Determine an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype.

Journal Article Cancer Res · April 1, 2018 Hyperactivation of the NFκB pathway is a distinct feature of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a highly proliferative and lethal disease. Gene expression studies in IBC patient tissue have linked EGFR (EGFR/HER2)-mediated MAPK signaling to NFκB hyperactivi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive optical spectroscopy for identification of non-melanoma skin cancer: Pilot study.

Journal Article Lasers Surg Med · March 2018 OBJECTIVE: Optical spectroscopy offers a noninvasive alternative to biopsy as a first-line screening tool for suspicious skin lesions. This study sought to define several optical parameters across malignant and benign tissue types. STUDY DESIGN: Prospectiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Synergistic immuno photothermal nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) to treat metastatic cancers and induce anti-cancer vaccine effect

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2018 Biocompatible gold nanostars (GNS) with tip-enhanced electromagnetic and optical properties have been developed and applied for multifunctional cancer diagnostics and therapy (theranostics). Their multiple sharp branches acting like "lightning rods" can co ... Full text Cite

Non-invasive, simultaneous quantification of vascular oxygenation, glucose uptake and mitochondria membrane potential in a flank tumor model

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2018 For the first time, we performed simultaneous in vivo spectroscopy of tissue hemoglobin, 2-NBDG, and TMRE in a preclinical model, to successfully capture vascular and metabolic parameters in vivo in solid tumors. ... Full text Cite

Red blood cell phenotype fidelity following glycerol cryopreservation optimized for research purposes.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2018 Intact red blood cells (RBCs) are required for phenotypic analyses. In order to allow separation (time and location) between subject encounter and sample analysis, we developed a research-specific RBC cryopreservation protocol and assessed its impact on da ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

NIR-emissive PEG-b-TCL micelles for breast tumor imaging and minimally invasive pharmacokinetic analysis.

Journal Article Nanoscale · September 21, 2017 Motivated by the goal of developing a fully biodegradable optical contrast agent with translational clinical potential, a nanoparticle delivery vehicle was generated from the self-assembly of poly(ethylene-glycol)-block-poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-capro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Luminescent boron polymers for biomedical imaging

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 20, 2017 Link to item Cite

Synergistic Immuno Photothermal Nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) for the Treatment of Unresectable and Metastatic Cancers.

Journal Article Sci Rep · August 17, 2017 Metastatic spread is the mechanism in more than 90 percent of cancer deaths and current therapeutic options, such as systemic chemotherapy, are often ineffective. Here we provide a proof of principle for a novel two-pronged modality referred to as Synergis ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Noninvasive measurement of tissue blood oxygenation with Cerenkov imaging during therapeutic radiation delivery.

Journal Article Opt Lett · August 15, 2017 Tumor tissue oxygenation significantly affects the outcome of radiotherapy. Real-time monitoring of tumor hypoxia is highly desirable for effective radiotherapy, and is the basis for improved treatment because hypoxic tumor cells are more resistant to radi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Luminescent Difluoroboron β-Diketonate PLA-PEG Nanoparticle.

Journal Article Biomacromolecules · February 13, 2017 Luminescent difluoroboron β-diketonate poly(lactic acid) (BF2bdkPLA) materials serve as biological imaging agents. In this study, dye structures were modified to achieve emission colors that span the visible region with potential for multiplexing applicati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Miniature spectral imaging device for wide-field quantitative functional imaging of the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · February 1, 2017 We have developed a portable, breast margin assessment probe leveraging diffuse optical spectroscopy to quantify the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins during breast conserving surgery. The approach presented here leverages a custom-made 16-ch ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role Of L-Amino Acid Transporter (lat-1) In The Hypoxia-Induced Export Of Anti-Adhesive S-Nitrosothiols (snos)

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · January 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

The development of an in vivo mobile dynamic microscopy system that images cancerous tumors via fluorescent and phosphorescent nanoparticles

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2017 Hypoxia correlates with reduced radiosensitivity and therapy response. Imaging anesthisized mice using fluorescent nanoparticles causes problems in modeling hypoxia. Therefore, a mobile imaging apparatus was developed to image un-anesthetized mice. ... Full text Cite

Tunable and amplified Raman gold nanoprobes for effective tracking (TARGET): in vivo sensing and imaging.

Journal Article Nanoscale · April 28, 2016 We describe the development of a highly tunable, physiologically stable, and ultra-bright Raman probe, named as TARGET (Tunable and Amplified Raman Gold Nanoprobes for Effective Tracking), for in vitro and in vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Portable system for wide-field, sub-millimeter functional imaging of the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · April 18, 2016 We have developed a portable, breast margin assessment probe (BMAP) that surgeons can use to evaluate the breast tumor margin status during surgery. The approach presented here leverages a custom16-channel photodiode array raster-scanning-based system with ... Full text Cite

MEK1/2 inhibitors reverse acute vascular occlusion in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

Journal Article FASEB J · March 2016 In sickle cell disease (SCD), treatment of recurrent vasoocclusive episodes, leading to pain crises and organ damage, is still a therapeutic challenge. Vasoocclusion is caused primarily by adherence of homozygous for hemoglobin S (SS) red blood cells (SSRB ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel Manganese-Porphyrin Superoxide Dismutase-Mimetic Widens the Therapeutic Margin in a Preclinical Head and Neck Cancer Model.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · November 15, 2015 PURPOSE: To test the effects of a novel Mn porphyrin oxidative stress modifier, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnBuOE), for its radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties in normal tissue versus tumor, respectively. ME ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Renitrosylation of banked human red blood cells improves deformability and reduces adhesivity.

Journal Article Transfusion · October 2015 BACKGROUND: Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is a frequent health care practice. However, unfavorable consequences may occur from transfusions of stored RBCs and are associated with RBC changes during storage. Loss of S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multimodal oxygen imaging utilizing dual emissive polymers and a CMOS camera

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 16, 2015 Link to item Cite

Oxygen sensing difluoroboron dinaphthoylmethane polylactide

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 16, 2015 Link to item Cite

Snap-shot multispectral imaging of vascular dynamics in a mouse window-chamber model.

Journal Article Opt Lett · July 15, 2015 Understanding tumor vascular dynamics through parameters such as blood flow and oxygenation can yield insight into tumor biology and therapeutic response. Hyperspectral microscopy enables optical detection of hemoglobin saturation or blood velocity by eith ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Oxygen Sensing Difluoroboron Dinaphthoylmethane Polylactide.

Journal Article Macromolecules · May 12, 2015 Dual emissive luminescence properties of solid-state difluoroboron β-diketonate-poly(lactic acid) (BF2bdk-PLA) materials have been utilized as biological oxygen sensors. Dyes with red-shifted absorption and emission are important for multiplexing and in vi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modulation of murine breast tumor vascularity, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic response by exercise.

Journal Article J Natl Cancer Inst · May 2015 Exercise has been shown to improve postischemia perfusion of normal tissues; we investigated whether these effects extend to solid tumors. Estrogen receptor-negative (ER-, 4T1) and ER+ (E0771) tumor cells were implanted orthotopically into syngeneic mice ( ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Luminescent difluoroboron β-diketonate PEG-PLA oxygen nanosensors for tumor imaging.

Journal Article Macromol Rapid Commun · April 2015 Surface modification of nanoparticles and biosensors is a dynamic, expanding area of research for targeted delivery in vivo. For more efficient delivery, surfaces are PEGylated to impart stealth properties, long circulation, and enable enhanced permeabilit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vascularization of Porous PolyHEMA Scaffolds

Conference FASEB JOURNAL · April 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Effects of high-dose microbeam irradiation on tumor microvascular function and angiogenesis.

Journal Article Radiat Res · February 2015 Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a form of cancer treatment in which a single large dose of radiation is spatially fractionated in-line or grid-like patterns. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MRT is capable of eliciting high levels of tumor r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated measurement of microcirculatory blood flow velocity in pulmonary metastases of rats.

Journal Article J Vis Exp · November 30, 2014 Because the lung is a major target organ of metastatic disease, animal models to study the physiology of pulmonary metastases are of great importance. However, very few methods exist to date to investigate lung metastases in a dynamic fashion at the microc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cellular migration and invasion uncoupled: increased migration is not an inexorable consequence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · September 15, 2014 Metastatic dissemination requires carcinoma cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade through the basement membrane. To acquire these characteristics, epithelial tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), whereby cells lose po ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systemic anti-tumour effects of local thermally sensitive liposome therapy.

Journal Article Int J Hyperthermia · September 2014 PURPOSE: There were two primary objectives of this study: (1) to determine whether treatment of a tumour site with systemically administered thermally sensitive liposomes and local hyperthermia (HT) for triggered release would have dual anti-tumour effect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuning optical properties of difluoroboron beta-diketonate biomaterials for oxygen sensing

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 10, 2014 Link to item Cite

Boron nanoparticles for oxygen sensing: Material design, optical properties, and bioimaging

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 10, 2014 Link to item Cite

Measuring tumor cycling hypoxia and angiogenesis using a side-firing fiber optic probe.

Journal Article J Biophotonics · July 2014 Hypoxia and angiogenesis can significantly influence the efficacy of cancer therapy and the behavior of surviving tumor cells. There is a growing demand for technologies to measure tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis temporally in vivo to enable advances in dru ... Full text Link to item Cite

WE-E-BRE-06: High-Dose Microbeam Radiation Induces Different Responses in Tumor Microenvironment Compared to Conventional Seamless Radiation in Window Chamber Tumor Models.

Journal Article Med Phys · June 2014 PURPOSE: Microbeam radiation therapy and GRID therapy are different forms of Spatially-Fractioned Radiation Therapy (SFRT) that is fundamentally different from the conventional seamless and temporally fractionated radiation therapy. SFRT is characterized b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypoxia in melanoma: using optical spectroscopy and EF5 to assess tumor oxygenation before and during regional chemotherapy for melanoma.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · May 2014 BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that tumor hypoxia plays a significant role in the chemoresistance of melanoma, but to our knowledge, real-time tumor oxygenation during isolated limb infusion (ILI) has not been studied. We sought to demonstrate th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasmonics-enhanced and optically modulated delivery of gold nanostars into brain tumor.

Journal Article Nanoscale · April 21, 2014 Plasmonics-active gold nanostars exhibiting strong imaging contrast and efficient photothermal transduction were synthesized for a novel pulsed laser-modulated plasmonics-enhanced brain tumor microvascular permeabilization. We demonstrate a selective, opti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomimetic engineered muscle with capacity for vascular integration and functional maturation in vivo.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 15, 2014 Featured Publication Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle can serve as a physiological model of natural muscle and a potential therapeutic vehicle for rapid repair of severe muscle loss and injury. Here, we describe a platform for engineering and testing highly functional biomime ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Tissue integration of porous polyHEMA scaffold

Conference FASEB JOURNAL · April 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Corrigendum

Journal Article Microcirculation · February 2014 Full text Cite

Anti-hypotensive treatment and endothelin blockade synergistically antagonize exercise fatigue in rats under simulated high altitude.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 Rapid ascent to high altitude causes illness and fatigue, and there is a demand for effective acute treatments to alleviate such effects. We hypothesized that increased oxygen delivery to the tissue using a combination of a hypertensive agent and an endoth ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Abstract B151: Monitoring tumor microenvironment (Hb saturation and oxygenation) in response to plasmonics-assisted photothermal cancer therapy.

Journal Article Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · November 1, 2013 AbstractIntroduction: Advanced biophotonic technology provides a novel strategy to not only achieve target-specific cancer therapy, but also monitor physiological response during treatment. To date, photoact ... Full text Cite

Quantitative mapping of hemodynamics in the lung, brain, and dorsal window chamber-grown tumors using a novel, automated algorithm.

Journal Article Microcirculation · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamic properties of vascular beds are of great interest in a variety of clinical and laboratory settings. However, there presently exists no automated, accurate, technically simple method for generating blood velocity maps of complex micro ... Full text Link to item Cite

18F-EF5 PET imaging as an early response biomarker for the hypoxia-activated prodrug SN30000 combined with radiation treatment in a non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model.

Journal Article J Nucl Med · August 2013 UNLABELLED: Hypoxia is a significant therapeutic problem for solid tumors because hypoxic cells are treatment-resistant and more aggressive. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs such as SN30000 use a mechanism of activation in hypoxic cells similar to that of 2-nitr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monitoring of cycling hypoxia and angiogenesis in FaDu head and neck tumors using a side-firing sensor

Journal Article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · May 27, 2013 Many studies have found that hypoxia, particularly cycling hypoxia (CH), can lead to enhanced tumor metastasis and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. It was also reported that tumor total hemoglobin content (THb), which is directly related to tumor ... Full text Cite

Automated measurement of blood flow velocity and direction and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the rat lung using intravital microscopy.

Journal Article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · January 15, 2013 Intravital microscopy of the pulmonary microcirculation in research animals is of great scientific interest for its utility in identifying regional changes in pulmonary microcirculatory blood flow. Although feasibility studies have been reported, the pulmo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sickle erythrocytes target cytotoxics to hypoxic tumor microvessels and potentiate a tumoricidal response.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 Resistance of hypoxic solid tumor niches to chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains a major scientific challenge that calls for conceptually new approaches. Here we exploit a hitherto unrecognized ability of sickled erythrocytes (SSRBCs) but not normal RBCs ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Wavelength optimization for quantitative spectral imaging of breast tumor margins.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2013 A wavelength selection method that combines an inverse Monte Carlo model of reflectance and a genetic algorithm for global optimization was developed for the application of spectral imaging of breast tumor margins. The selection of wavelengths impacts syst ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A diffuse reflectance spectral imaging system for tumor margin assessment using custom annular photodiode arrays.

Journal Article Biomed Opt Express · December 1, 2012 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a well-established method to quantitatively distinguish between benign and cancerous tissue for tumor margin assessment. Current multipixel DRS margin assessment tools are bulky fiber-based probes that have limited ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The combination of theophylline and endothelin receptor antagonism improves exercise performance of rats under simulated high altitude.

Journal Article J Appl Physiol (1985) · October 15, 2012 Decreased physical performance is a well-known consequence of rapid ascent to high altitude. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) potentially limits cardiac output and systemic blood flow, thus preventing successful adaptation to rapid ascent. We hypot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experimental validation of an inverse fluorescence Monte Carlo model to extract concentrations of metabolically relevant fluorophores from turbid phantoms and a murine tumor model.

Journal Article Journal of biomedical optics · July 24, 2012 Abstract.An inverse Monte Carlo based model has been developed to extract intrinsic fluorescence from turbid media. The goal of this work was to experimentally validate the model to extract intrinsic fluorescence of three biologically meaningful fluorophor ... Full text Cite

Experimental validation of an inverse fluorescence Monte Carlo model to extract concentrations of metabolically relevant fluorophores from turbid phantoms and a murine tumor model.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · July 2012 An inverse Monte Carlo based model has been developed to extract intrinsic fluorescence from turbid media. The goal of this work was to experimentally validate the model to extract intrinsic fluorescence of three biologically meaningful fluorophores relate ... Full text Link to item Cite

TH‐A‐BRB‐04: Vascular Response to Microbeam Radiation Therapy in Vivo Using a Murine Window Chamber Tumor Model

Conference Medical Physics · June 2012 Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has shown a marked tumor‐specific effect. The tissue‐sparing property of this unique treatment is possibly facilitated by efficient normal‐vessel repair mechanisms, contrary to the catastrophic disruption of poorly ... Full text Cite

Application of optical imaging and spectroscopy to radiation biology.

Journal Article Radiat Res · April 2012 Optical imaging and spectroscopy is a diverse field that has been of critical importance in a wide range of areas in radiation research. It is capable of spanning a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and has the sensitivity and specificity needed f ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel angiopoietin-derived peptide displays anti-angiogenic activity and inhibits tumour-induced and retinal neovascularization.

Journal Article Br J Pharmacol · March 2012 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pathological angiogenesis is associated with various human diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and retinopathy. The angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie2 system plays critical roles in several steps of angiogenic remodelling. Here, we h ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-resolution in vivo imaging of fluorescent proteins using window chamber models.

Journal Article Methods Mol Biol · 2012 Fluorescent proteins enable in vivo characterization of a wide and growing array of morphological and functional biomarkers. To fully capitalize on the spatial and temporal information afforded by these reporter proteins, a method for imaging these protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Luminescent boron b-diketonate biomaterials: Synthesis, properties and applications

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 28, 2011 Link to item Cite

In vivo optical molecular imaging and analysis in mice using dorsal window chamber models applied to hypoxia, vasculature and fluorescent reporters.

Journal Article Nat Protoc · August 18, 2011 Featured Publication Optical techniques for functional imaging in mice have a number of key advantages over other common imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography or computed tomography, including high resolution, low cost and an exten ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular imaging of hypoxia.

Journal Article J Nucl Med · February 2011 Featured Publication A wide variety of imaging approaches have been developed in the past few decades for monitoring tumor oxygenation and hypoxia in vivo. In particular, nuclear medicine has seen the development of several radiolabeled hypoxia markers and is the preferred met ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in Microenvironmental Effects and Drug Delivery between Different Classes of Antiangiogenic Drugs

Conference International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · November 2010 Full text Cite

Stereocomplexed poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles with dual-emissive boron dyes for tumor accumulation.

Journal Article ACS Nano · September 28, 2010 Responsive biomaterials play important roles in imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments are one class of biomaterial utilized for these purposes. The incorporation of luminescent ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A low-cost, portable, and quantitative spectral imaging system for application to biological tissues.

Journal Article Opt Express · June 7, 2010 The ability of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to extract quantitative biological composition of tissues has been used to discern tissue types in both pre-clinical and clinical cancer studies. Typically, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy systems are design ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Non-invasive monitoring of intra-tumor drug concentration and therapeutic response using optical spectroscopy.

Journal Article J Control Release · March 19, 2010 Featured Publication Optical spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in tumor physiology with therapy, and its influence on drug delivery and treatment efficacy for hyperthermia treatment combined with free doxorubicin or a low-temperature sensitive liposomal formulation. Mon ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vivo fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy

Chapter · January 1, 2010 Fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy is a highly active area of biomedical research operating at the interface between physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. It fundamentally investigates the interaction between light and matter and offer ... Full text Cite

Utility of functional imaging in prediction or assessment of treatment response and prognosis following thermotherapy.

Journal Article Int J Hyperthermia · 2010 The purpose of this review is to examine the roles that functional imaging may play in prediction of treatment response and determination of overall prognosis in patients who are enrolled in thermotherapy trials, either in combination with radiotherapy, ch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optical imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2010 Featured Publication The influence of the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia plays a significant role in determining cancer progression, treatment response, and treatment resistance. That the tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous with significant intratumor and intert ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract A10: Antiangiogenic therapy (VEGF-R1–3 and PDGFR inhibitor) increases tumor hemoglobin saturation and decreases interstitial pressure, and microvessel density

Conference Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · December 10, 2009 AbstractMethods: We evaluate the effects of pazopanib, a novel multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, by examining its effects on tumor oxygenation, interstitial pressure (IFP), and vascularity as compare ... Full text Cite

A dual-emissive-materials design concept enables tumour hypoxia imaging.

Journal Article Nat Mater · September 2009 Featured Publication Luminescent materials are widely used for imaging and sensing owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response and facile detection by many optical technologies. Typically materials must be chemically tailored to achieve intense, photostable fluorescence, o ... Full text Link to item Cite

POLY 216-Boron biomaterials for imaging and oxygen sensing

Journal Article ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 16, 2009 Link to item Cite

A robust Monte Carlo model for the extraction of biological absorption and scattering in vivo.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · April 2009 We have a toolbox to quantify tissue optical properties that is composed of specialized fiberoptic probes for UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a fast, scalable inverse Monte Carlo (MC) model. In this paper, we assess the robustness of the to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative optical spectroscopy: a robust tool for direct measurement of breast cancer vascular oxygenation and total hemoglobin content in vivo.

Journal Article Cancer Res · April 1, 2009 We propose the use of a robust, biopsy needle-based, fiber-optic tool for routine clinical quantification of tumor oxygenation at the time of diagnostic biopsy for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to show diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a q ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative physiology of the precancerous cervix in vivo through optical spectroscopy.

Journal Article Neoplasia · April 2009 Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer worldwide. The ability to quantify physiological and morphological changes in the cervix is not only useful in the diagnosis of cervical precancers but also important in aiding the design of cost-effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Light emitting boron biomaterials for imaging and oxygen sensing

Journal Article ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · March 22, 2009 Link to item Cite

A strategy for quantitative spectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using light emitting diodes and photodiodes.

Journal Article Opt Express · February 2, 2009 A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system was modified as a step towards miniaturization and spectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering. The modified system uses a tunable source and an optical fiber for illumination and a photodiode in contact w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Advances in quantitative UV-visible spectroscopy for clinical and pre-clinical application in cancer.

Journal Article Curr Opin Biotechnol · February 2009 Methods of optical spectroscopy that provide quantitative, physically or physiologically meaningful measures of tissue properties are an attractive tool for the study, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various cancers. Recent development of methodolog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitative diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy: tool to monitor tumor physiology in vivo.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2009 Featured Publication This study demonstrates the use of optical spectroscopy for monitoring tumor oxygenation and metabolism in response to hyperoxic gas breathing. Hemoglobin saturation and redox ratio were quantified for a set of 14 and 9 mice, respectively, measured at base ... Full text Link to item Cite

Electromagnetic spectroscopy of normal breast tissue specimens obtained from reduction surgeries: comparison of optical and microwave properties.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · October 2008 Techniques utilizing electromagnetic energy at microwave and optical frequencies have been shown to be promising for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Since different biophysical mechanisms are exploited at these frequencies to discriminate between he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost-effective diffuse reflectance spectroscopy device for quantifying tissue absorption and scattering in vivo.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2008 A hybrid optical device that uses a multimode fiber coupled to a tunable light source for illumination and a 2.4-mm photodiode for detection in contact with the tissue surface is developed as a first step toward our goal of developing a cost-effective, min ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: a Monte-Carlo-model-based approach.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2008 We explore the use of Monte-Carlo-model-based approaches for the analysis of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra measured ex vivo from breast tissues. These models are used to extract the absorption, scattering, and fluorescence properties of mali ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monte-Carlo-based model for the extraction of intrinsic fluorescence from turbid media.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2008 Featured Publication A Monte-Carlo-based model of fluorescence is developed that is capable of extracting the intrinsic fluorescence properties of tissue, which are independent of the absorption and scattering properties of tissue. This model is flexible in its applicability t ... Full text Link to item Cite

A miniature optical device for noninvasive, fast characterization of tumor pathology

Journal Article Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008 · January 1, 2008 An optical spectroscopy system for cancer diagnostics is miniaturized. The performance of the device is validated with phantom studies. Absorption and scattering coefficients are extracted with high accuracy with an inverse Monte Carlo model. © 2008 Optica ... Full text Cite

Use of genetic algorithms to optimize fiber optic probe design for the extraction of tissue optical properties.

Journal Article IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · August 2007 Featured Publication This paper outlines a framework by which the optimal illumination/collection geometry can be identified for a particular biomedical application. In this paper, this framework was used to identify the optimal probe geometry for the accurate determination of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of a physical model and principal component analysis for the diagnosis of epithelial neoplasias in vivo using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Journal Article Opt Express · June 11, 2007 We explored the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum for the diagnosis of epithelial precancers and cancers in vivo. A physical model (Monte Carlo inverse model) and an empirical model (principal component an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of optical clearing agents on the in vivo optical properties of squamous epithelial tissue.

Journal Article Lasers Surg Med · December 2006 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optical clearing agents (OCAs) have previously been shown to increase depth penetration within turbid tissue ex vivo. This paper quantifies tissue optical properties of the hamster cheek pouch model in order to provide a means to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of breast cancer using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: Comparison of a Monte Carlo versus partial least squares analysis based feature extraction technique.

Journal Article Lasers Surg Med · August 2006 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We explored the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum for the diagnosis of breast cancer. A physical model (Monte Carlo inverse model) and an empirical model (partial least squares an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monte Carlo-based inverse model for calculating tissue optical properties. Part I: Theory and validation on synthetic phantoms.

Journal Article Appl Opt · February 10, 2006 Featured Publication A flexible and fast Monte Carlo-based model of diffuse reflectance has been developed for the extraction of the absorption and scattering properties of turbid media, such as human tissues. This method is valid for a wide range of optical properties and is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monte Carlo-based inverse model for calculating tissue optical properties. Part II: Application to breast cancer diagnosis.

Journal Article Appl Opt · February 10, 2006 Featured Publication The Monte Carlo-based inverse model of diffuse reflectance described in part I of this pair of companion papers was applied to the diffuse reflectance spectra of a set of 17 malignant and 24 normal-benign ex vivo human breast tissue samples. This model all ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of genetic algorithms to optimize fiber optic probe design for the extraction of tissue optical properties

Journal Article Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2006 An approach for optimizing the probe geometry for extracting optical properties is developed. It was found that optical properties could be extracted with accuracies of better than 0.5 cm-1, while requiring no a priori assumptions. © 2005 Optical Society o ... Cite

Monte carlo based model of fluorescence: Theory and application to breast cancer diagnosis

Journal Article Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2006 A Monte Carlo model of fluorescence is developed that can extract intrinsic fluorescence properties of tissue, independent of absorption and scattering. This model is shown to elucidate significant contrast between malignant and non-malignant breast tissue ... Cite

Use of genetic algorithms to optimize fiber optic probe design for the extraction of tissue optical properties

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2006 An approach for optimizing the probe geometry for extracting optical properties is developed. It was found that optical properties could be extracted with accuracies of better than 0.5 cm-1, while requiring no a priori assumptions. © 2005 Optical Society o ... Full text Cite

Use of a multiseparation fiber optic probe for the optical diagnosis of breast cancer.

Journal Article J Biomed Opt · 2005 We explore the effects of the illumination and collection geometry on optical spectroscopic diagnosis of breast cancer. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the UV-visible spectral range are made with a multiseparation probe at three illumi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monte Carlo based inverse model of diffuse reflectance for determination of UV-VIS optical properties and its application to breast cancer diagnosis

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2004 A method for extracting optical properties from diffuse reflectance spectra is applied to human breast tissue. It was found that using the physically-based model for classification of malignancy performed substantially better than an empirical model. ... Cite

The use of a multi-separation probe for optical diagnosis of breast cancer

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2004 We explored the effects of probe-geometry on UV-VIS fluorescence and diffuse reflectance measurements from breast tissues. It shows that integrated fluorescence intensities measured with a multi-separation probe can be used to discriminate malignant from n ... Cite

Investigation of fiber-optic probe designs for optical spectroscopic diagnosis of epithelial pre-cancers.

Journal Article Lasers Surg Med · 2004 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of fluorescence spectroscopy for diagnosing pre-cancers in stratified squamous epithelial tissues in vivo using two different probe geometries with (1) overlapping ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance properties of malignant and benign breast tissues.

Journal Article Ann Surg Oncol · January 2004 BACKGROUND: Fluorescence spectroscopy is an evolving technology that can rapidly differentiate between benign and malignant tissues. These differences are thought to be due to endogenous fluorophores, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin ade ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of multiexcitation fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of breast cancer (March 2003).

Journal Article IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · November 2003 Featured Publication Nonmalignant (n = 36) and malignant (n = 20) tissue samples were obtained from breast cancer and breast reduction surgeries. These tissues were characterized using multiple excitation wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autofluorescence spectroscopy of normal and malignant human breast cell lines.

Journal Article Photochem Photobiol · November 2003 The fluorescence of tryptophan, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) were characterized in normal human breast cells as well as in malignant human breast cells of similar and dissimilar genet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Optical Spectroscopy

Journal Article Medical Laser Application · January 1, 2003 Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy have shown great promise in diagnosing cancer at a number of organ sites, including the cervix, bronchus, and colon. Recent research has also found that similar techniques, when applied to the breast, can p ... Full text Cite

Diagnosis of breast cancer using auto fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Journal Article Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings · December 1, 2002 Proof-of-principle studies were carried out to assess the diagnostic potential of auto fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for discriminating between malignant and non-malignant breast tissues, ex vivo. Auto fluorescence spectra at excitation ... Cite

Optimal methods for fluorescence and diffuse reflectance measurements of tissue biopsy samples.

Journal Article Lasers Surg Med · 2002 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In developing fluorescence spectroscopy systems for the in vivo detection of pre-cancer and cancer, it is often necessary to perform preliminary testing on tissue biopsies. Current standard protocols call for the tissue to be imme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ex vivo diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy

Journal Article LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE · January 1, 2002 Link to item Cite