Scholars@Duke
Anthony Ross Means

Anthony Ross Means

Nanaline H. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology, in the School of Medicine
Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
means001@mc.duke.edu
Duke Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710
C238A Lev Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Hypothalamic CaMKK2 contributes to the regulation of energy balance.

Journal Article Cell Metab · May 2008 Featured Publication Detailed knowledge of the pathways by which ghrelin and leptin signal to AMPK in hypothalamic neurons and lead to regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis is central to the development of effective means to combat obesity. Here we identify CaMKK2 as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Degradation of the tumor suppressor PML by Pin1 contributes to the cancer phenotype of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · February 2008 Featured Publication Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is an important regulator due to its role in numerous cellular processes including apoptosis, viral infection, senescence, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle regulation. Despite the role of PML in many cellular functions ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-dependent kinase IV links Toll-like receptor 4 signaling with survival pathway of activated dendritic cells.

Journal Article Blood · January 15, 2008 Featured Publication Microbial products, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), regulate the lifespan of dendritic cells (DCs) by largely undefined mechanisms. Here, we identify a role for calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genotoxic stress regulates expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl6 in germinal center B cells.

Journal Article Nat Immunol · October 2007 Featured Publication Antigen-specific B cells are selected in germinal centers, the structure in which these cells proliferate while accomplishing genome-remodeling processes such as class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. These events are associated with conside ... Full text Link to item Cite

PIN1, the cell cycle and cancer.

Journal Article Nat Rev Cancer · May 2007 Featured Publication PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that can alter the conformation of phosphoproteins and so affect protein function and/or stability. PIN1 regulates a number of proteins important for cell-cycle progression and, based on gain- and loss-of-function studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiological roles of the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase cascade in health and disease.

Journal Article Subcell Biochem · 2007 Featured Publication Numerous hormones, growth factors and physiological processes cause a rise in cytosolic Ca2+, which is translated into meaningful cellular responses by interacting with a large number of Ca2(+)-binding proteins. The Ca2(+)-binding protein that is most perv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by multisite phosphorylation in response to agents that elevate cellular cAMP.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 1, 2006 Featured Publication The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cAMP signaling systems are both key regulators of cellular metabolism. In this study, we show that AMPK activity is attenuated in response to cAMP-elevating agents through modulation of at least two of its alpha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rho kinase differentially regulates phosphorylation of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms A and B during cell rounding and migration.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 24, 2006 Featured Publication The actin-myosin cytoskeleton is generally accepted to produce the contractile forces necessary for cellular processes such as cell rounding and migration. All vertebrates examined to date are known to express at least two isoforms of non-muscle myosin II, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ubiquitylation of cyclin E requires the sequential function of SCF complexes containing distinct hCdc4 isoforms.

Journal Article Mol Cell · July 7, 2006 Featured Publication Cyclin E, an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), is targeted for proteasomal degradation by phosphorylation-dependent multiubiquitylation via the ubiquitin ligase SCF(hCdc4). SCF ubiquitin ligases are composed of a core of conserved subunits and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The loss of PIN1 deregulates cyclin E and sensitizes mouse embryo fibroblasts to genomic instability.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 6, 2006 Featured Publication During the G0/G1-S phase transition, the timely synthesis and degradation of key regulatory proteins is required for normal cell cycle progression. Two of these proteins, c-Myc and cyclin E, are recognized by the Cdc4 E3 ligase of the Skp1/Cul1/Rbx1 (SCF) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chutes and Ladders: the search for protein kinases that act on AMPK.

Journal Article Trends Biochem Sci · January 2006 Featured Publication AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of energy homeostasis in mammalian cells, is, in turn, regulated by long-sought upstream protein kinases (AMPKKs). Following the recent identification of the tumor-suppressor kinase LKB1 as an AMPKK, a b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) serves as a coactivator of steroid receptor by regulating the activity of phosphorylated steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/AIB1).

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · November 2005 Featured Publication Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/AIB1) interacts with steroid receptors in a ligand-dependent manner to activate receptor-mediated transcription. A number of intracellular signaling pathways initiated by growth factors and hormones induce phosphorylat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 30, 2005 Featured Publication The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gives rise to all mature, terminally differentiated cells of the blood. Here we show that calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is present in c-Kit+ ScaI+ Lin(-/low) hematopoietic progenitor cells (KLS cells) and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 12, 2005 Featured Publication The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular metabolism in response to metabolic stress and to other regulatory signals. AMPK activity is absolutely dependent upon phosphorylation of AMPKalphaThr-172 in its activation loop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV regulates nuclear export of Cabin1 during T-cell activation.

Journal Article EMBO J · June 15, 2005 Featured Publication Calcium signaling is critical for activation of T lymphocytes and has been proposed to be transduced through multiple calmodulin target proteins. Whereas the calcineurin-NFAT signaling module is critical for all mammalian T cells, the role of calmodulin-de ... Full text Link to item Cite

The autonomous activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV is required for its role in transcription.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 27, 2005 Featured Publication Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that is positively regulated by two main events. The first is the binding of calcium/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM), which relieves intramolecular autoinhibition of the e ... Full text Link to item Cite

A role for Pin1 in mammalian germ cell development and spermatogenesis.

Journal Article Front Biosci · September 1, 2004 Featured Publication The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is proposed to have diverse functions in many vital aspects of the cell. Despite the multitude of proteins targeted by Pin1 and the proposed regulatory role it plays in critical cellular functions, Pin1 is an essential ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

PINA is essential for growth and positively influences NIMA function in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 30, 2004 Featured Publication The phospho-Ser/Thr-directed prolyl-isomerase Pin1 was originally identified in vertebrate systems as a negative regulator of NIMA, a Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates the G(2)/M transition in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we explore the physiological rol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation and function of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV/protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A signaling complex.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 23, 2004 Featured Publication Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a member of the broad substrate specificity class of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases and functions as a potent stimulator of Ca(2+)-dependent gene expression. Activation of CaMKIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 9, 2004 Featured Publication The selective inhibitor of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK), KN-93, arrests a variety of cell types in G(1). However, the biochemical nature of this G(1) arrest point and the physiological target of KN-93 in G(1) remain contr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 accumulation in growth-stimulated fibroblasts.

Journal Article Mol Biol Cell · April 2004 Featured Publication Calcium (Ca(2+)) and calmodulin (CaM) are required for progression of mammalian cells from quiescence into S phase. In multiple cell types, cyclosporin A causes a G(1) cell cycle arrest, implicating the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin as one Ca(2+ ... Full text Link to item Cite

A signalling pathway controlling c-Myc degradation that impacts oncogenic transformation of human cells.

Journal Article Nat Cell Biol · April 2004 Featured Publication The stability of c-Myc is regulated by multiple Ras effector pathways. Phosphorylation at Ser 62 stabilizes c-Myc, whereas subsequent phosphorylation at Thr 58 is required for its degradation. Here we show that Ser 62 is dephosphorylated by protein phospha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Catalytic activity is required for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV to enter the nucleus.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 19, 2004 Featured Publication Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a nuclear protein kinase that responds to acute rises in intracellular calcium by phosphorylating and activating proteins involved in transcription. Consistent with these roles, CaMKIV is found pre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Targeted expression of calmodulin increases ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during mouse development.

Journal Article Endocrinology · March 2004 Featured Publication The cell signaling pathways that control ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation during development are poorly understood. Here we show that increasing levels of the ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor calmodulin (CaM) can regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation in vi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of cell cycle progression by calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways.

Journal Article Endocr Rev · December 2003 Featured Publication Many hormones, growth factors, and cytokines regulate proliferation of their target cells. Perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). The majo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spermatogonial depletion in adult Pin1-deficient mice.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · December 2003 Featured Publication Spermatogonia in the mouse testis arise from early postnatal gonocytes that are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) during embryonic development. The proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells provide the basis for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pin1 regulates the timing of mammalian primordial germ cell proliferation.

Journal Article Development · August 2003 Featured Publication Primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to male and female germ cells to transmit the genome from generation to generation. Defects in PGC development often result in infertility. In the mouse embryo, PGCs undergo proliferation and expansion during and afte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteomic analysis of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I and IV in vitro substrates reveals distinct catalytic preferences.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 21, 2003 Featured Publication The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I and IV (CaMKI and CaMKIV) are closely related by primary sequence and predicted to have similar substrate specificities based on peptide studies. We identified a fragment of p300-(1-117) th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pressure overload selectively up-regulates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · February 2003 Featured Publication Signals transduced by the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), have been suggested to regulate the development of hypertrophy. We address the role of the three multifunctional CaMKs, CaMK I, II, and IV, in this process usin ... Full text Link to item Cite

The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1.

Journal Article Prog Cell Cycle Res · 2003 Featured Publication The phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro specific prolyl-isomerase Pin1 has been implicated in multiple aspects of cell cycle regulation. It has been suggested that Pin1 function is required for both normal mitotic progression and reentry into the cell cycle from quiescenc ... Link to item Cite

A new identity for MLK3 as an NIMA-related, cell cycle-regulated kinase that is localized near centrosomes and influences microtubule organization.

Journal Article Mol Biol Cell · January 2003 Featured Publication Although conserved counterparts for most proteins involved in the G(2)/M transition of the cell cycle have been found in all eukaryotes, a notable exception is the essential but functionally enigmatic fungal kinase NIMA. While a number of vertebrate kinase ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanisms for regulation of calmodulin kinase IIalpha by Ca(2+)/calmodulin and autophosphorylation of threonine 286.

Journal Article Biochemistry · November 26, 2002 Featured Publication A mechanism that relates calmodulin (CaM) binding to enzyme activation remains to be established within the context of full-length calmodulin kinase IIalpha (CaM KIIalpha). Previous studies using peptides and/or truncated enzymes have shown that L299 of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

A CaMK cascade activates CRE-mediated transcription in neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article EMBO Rep · October 2002 Featured Publication Calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate a diverse set of cellular responses, from proliferation to muscular contraction and neuro-endocrine secretion. The ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor, calmodulin (CaM), translates changes in local intracellular Ca2+ concentrations into ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin overexpression causes Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, which can be prevented by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase.

Journal Article Lab Invest · September 2002 We investigated the mechanism of beta-cell loss in transgenic mice with elevated levels of beta cell calmodulin. The transgenic mice experienced a sudden rise in blood glucose levels between 21 and 28 days of age. This change was associated with developmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

AMP-activated protein kinase kinase: detection with recombinant AMPK alpha1 subunit.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · May 10, 2002 The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase important for the responses to metabolic stress. It consists of a catalytic alpha subunit and two non-catalytic subunits, beta and gamma, and is regulated both by t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pcp1p, an Spc110p-related calmodulin target at the centrosome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Journal Article Cell Growth Differ · February 2002 Featured Publication In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the calmodulin-binding protein Spc110p/Nuf1p facilitates mitotic spindle formation from the fungal centrosome or spindle pole body (SPB). The human Spc110p orthologue kendrin is a centrosomal, calmodulin-bindi ... Link to item Cite

Calcium binding is required for calmodulin function in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article Eukaryot Cell · February 2002 Featured Publication To explore the structural basis for the essential role of calmodulin (CaM) in Aspergillus nidulans, we have compared the biochemical and in vivo properties of A. nidulans CaM (AnCaM) with those of heterologous CaMs. Neither Saccharomyces cerevisiae CaM (Sc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defective signaling in a subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells in the absence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · January 2002 Featured Publication Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV-deficient (CaMKIV(-/-)) mice have been used to investigate the role of this enzyme in CD4(+) T cells. We identify a functional defect in a subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells, characterized by a cell surface marker ... Full text Link to item Cite

The modular nature of histone deacetylase HDAC4 confers phosphorylation-dependent intracellular trafficking.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 14, 2001 Featured Publication In C2C12 myoblasts, endogenous histone deacetylase HDAC4 shuttles between cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, supporting the hypothesis that its subcellular localization is dynamically regulated. However, upon differentiation, this dynamic equilibrium is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spermatogenesis and the regulation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV localization are not dependent on calspermin.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · September 2001 Featured Publication Calspermin and Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) are two proteins encoded by the Camk4 gene. CaMKIV is found in multiple tissues, including brain, thymus, and testis, while calspermin is restricted to the testis. In the mouse testis, b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (caMKIV) messenger RNA during murine embryogenesis.

Journal Article Cell Growth Differ · July 2001 Featured Publication Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a monomeric, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that is expressed in subanatomic regions of the central and peripheral nervous system, T lymphocytes, and male germ cells. It is frequent ... Link to item Cite

Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent kinases: from activation to function.

Journal Article Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol · 2001 Featured Publication Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential protein that serves as a ubiquitous intracellular receptor for Ca(2+). The Ca(2+)/CaM complex initiates a plethora of signaling cascades that culminate in alteration of cellular functions. Among the many Ca(2+)/CaM-binding ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification and characterization of two Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases required for normal nuclear division in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 8, 2000 We utilized an expression screen to identify two novel Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated protein kinases in Aspergillus nidulans. The two kinases, CMKB and CMKC, possess high sequence identity with mammalian CaM kinases (CaMKs) I/IV and CaMKKalpha/beta, re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Female fertility is reduced in mice lacking Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.

Journal Article Endocrinology · December 2000 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with limited tissue distribution. CaMKIV is highly expressed in the testis, where it is found in transcriptionally inactive elongating spermatids. We have recently ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebellar defects in Ca2+/calmodulin kinase IV-deficient mice.

Journal Article J Neurosci · November 15, 2000 The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase CaMKIV was first identified in the cerebellum and has been implicated in nuclear signaling events that control neuronal growth, differentiation, and plasticity. To understand the physiological importance of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Author correction.

Journal Article Trends Cell Biol · October 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin: a prototypical calcium sensor.

Journal Article Trends Cell Biol · August 2000 Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the E-F-hand family of Ca2+-sensing proteins. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulate calmodulin in three distinct ways. First, at the cellular level, by directing its subcellular dist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic elevation of calmodulin in the ventricles of transgenic mice increases the autonomous activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which regulates atrial natriuretic factor gene expression.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · August 2000 Although isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in cultured cells, this issue has yet to be addressed in vivo. We report that the overexpression of calmodulin in ventricula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spermiogenesis and exchange of basic nuclear proteins are impaired in male germ cells lacking Camk4.

Journal Article Nat Genet · August 2000 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4; also known as CaMKIV), a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with limited tissue distribution, has been implicated in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. In ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV is expressed in spermatids and targeted to chromatin and the nuclear matrix.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 17, 2000 Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV and calspermin are two proteins encoded by the Camk4 gene. Both are highly expressed in the testis, where in situ hybridization studies in rat testes have demonstrated that CaMKIV mRNA is localized to pachytene ... Full text Link to item Cite

Requirement of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 for the replication checkpoint.

Journal Article Science · March 3, 2000 The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been implicated in regulating cell cycle progression. Pin1 was found to be required for the DNA replication checkpoint in Xenopus laevis. Egg extracts depleted of Pin1 inappropriately transited from the G2 to the M ph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Activation of orphan receptor-mediated transcription by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.

Journal Article EMBO J · February 15, 2000 Retinoid-related receptor alpha (RORalpha) is an orphan nuclear receptor that constitutively activates transcription from its cognate response element. We show that RORalpha is Ca(2+ )responsive, and a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent form of Ca(2+)/calmoduli ... Full text Link to item Cite

c-Jun enhancement of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-dependent transcription induced by transforming growth factor-beta is independent of c-Jun binding to DNA.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · December 1999 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) enhances transcription from reporter genes regulated by a single consensus cAMP-response element (CRE) upon transfection into the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Whereas both CRE-binding protein ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin kinase II chimeras used to investigate the structural requirements for smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase autoinhibition and calmodulin-dependent activation.

Journal Article Biochemistry · November 16, 1999 Segments of the autoregulatory domain of MK, a catalytically active fragment of the monomeric smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) (residues 472-972), were replaced with their counterparts from a homologous but multimeric enzyme, calmodulin-dep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modulation of Xenopus oocyte-expressed phospholemman-induced ion currents by co-expression of protein kinases.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta · September 21, 1999 Phospholemman (PLM), the major sarcolemmal substrate for phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) protein kinase C (PKC) and NIMA kinase in muscle, induces hyperpolarization-activated anion currents in Xenopus oocytes, most probably by enhancing endo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peptide specificity determinants at P-7 and P-6 enhance the catalytic efficiency of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I in the absence of activation loop phosphorylation.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 16, 1999 Phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaM KI) at Thr-177 by recombinant rat Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase B (CaM KKB) modulates the kinetics of synapsin-(4-13) peptide phosphorylation by reducing the Km 44-fold and decrea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular cloning and characterization of Aspergillus nidulans cyclophilin B.

Journal Article Fungal Genet Biol · June 1999 Cyclophilins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins which serve as the intracellular receptors for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Here we report the characterization of the first cyclophilin cloned from the filamentous fungus Aspergi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Components of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and cellular localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 27, 1998 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I and IV (CaMKI and CaMKIV, respectively) require phosphorylation on an equivalent single Thr in the activation loop of subdomain VIII for maximal activity. Two distinct CaMKI/IV kinases, CaMKKalpha and CaMKKbeta, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The clash in titin.

Journal Article Nature · October 29, 1998 Full text Link to item Cite

The mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, interacts with Cdc25 and Plx1.

Journal Article EMBO J · August 10, 1998 The cis/trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, is a regulator of mitosis that is well conserved from yeast to man. Here we demonstrate that depletion of Pin1-binding proteins from Xenopus egg extracts results in hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

A signaling complex of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV and protein phosphatase 2A.

Journal Article Science · May 22, 1998 Stimulation of T lymphocytes results in a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that parallels the activation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), a nuclear enzyme that can phosphorylate and activate the cyclic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of substrate phosphorylation and use of calmodulin mutants to address implications from the enzyme crystal structure of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 12, 1997 Calcium/calmodulin (CaM) directly activates CaM-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) by binding to the enzyme and indirectly promotes the phosphorylation and synergistic activation of CaMKI by an exogenous kinase. We have evaluated the initial CaM-dependent ... Full text Link to item Cite

The origin of the special issue.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · June 1997 Full text Link to item Cite

Defective survival and activation of thymocytes in transgenic mice expressing a catalytically inactive form of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · June 1997 We have generated transgenic mice that express a catalytically inactive form of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) specifically in thymic T cells. The presence of this protein results in a markedly reduced thymic cellularity, although the ... Full text Link to item Cite

The structure of a calmodulin mutant with a deletion in the central helix: implications for molecular recognition and protein binding.

Journal Article Structure · May 15, 1997 BACKGROUND: Calmodulin (CaM) is the major calcium-dependent regulator of a large variety of important intracellular processes in eukaryotes. The structure of CaM consists of two globular calcium-binding domains joined by a central 28-residue alpha helix. T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional consequences of truncating amino acid side chains located at a calmodulin-peptide interface.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 28, 1997 To test the relevance of the calmodulin-peptide crystal structures to their respective calmodulin-enzyme interactions, amino acid side chains in calmodulin were altered at positions that interact with the calmodulin-binding peptide of smooth muscle myosin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of a constitutively active Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase in Aspergillus nidulans spores prevents germination and entry into the cell cycle.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 7, 1997 The unique gene for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) has been shown to be essential in Aspergillus nidulans. Disruption of the gene prevents entry of spores into the nuclear division cycle. Here we show that expression of a constitutively ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation and properties of the rat Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV gene and its protein products.

Journal Article Recent Prog Horm Res · 1997 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a monomeric multifunctional enzyme that is expressed only in subanatomical portions of the brain, T lymphocytes, and postmeiotic male germ cells. It is present in the nucleus of the cells in which it ... Link to item Cite

Methionine to glutamine substitutions in the C-terminal domain of calmodulin impair the activation of three protein kinases.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 29, 1996 The 9 methionine residues of vertebrate calmodulin (CaM) were individually changed to glutamine residues in order to investigate their roles in enzyme binding and activation. The mutant proteins showed three classes of effect on the activation of smooth mu ... Full text Link to item Cite

cAMP-response element modulator tau is a positive regulator of testis angiotensin converting enzyme transcription.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 29, 1996 Testis angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a unique form of ACE, only produced by male germ cells, and results from a testis-specific promoter found within the ACE gene. We have investigated the role of cAMP-response element modulator (CREM)tau in testi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase is essential for both growth and nuclear division in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article Mol Biol Cell · October 1996 The calmodulin gene has been shown to be essential for cell cycle progression in a number of eukaryotic organisms. In vertebrates and Aspergillus nidulans the calmodulin dependence also requires calcium. We demonstrate that the unique gene encoding a multi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV/GR.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 30, 1996 The activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV/Gr (CaMKIV/Gr) is shown to be strictly regulated by phosphorylation of three residues both in vitro and in response to antigen receptor-mediated signaling in lymphocytes. One residue, Thr-200, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alterations in calcium channel currents underlie defective insulin secretion in a transgenic mouse.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 28, 1996 A transgenic mouse overexpressing a mutant form of calmodulin (CaM-8) that is selectively targeted to pancreatic beta-cells has an impaired ability to secrete insulin in response to elevated blood glucose. Fluorescence measurements of cytosolic Ca2+ concen ... Full text Link to item Cite

HER-2/c-erbB2 is phosphorylated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II on a single site in the cytoplasmic tail at threonine-1172.

Journal Article Oncogene · June 20, 1996 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Cam kinase II) is known to desensitise epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-1) tyrosine kinase activity by a process involving phosphorylation at serines 1046/47 in the cytoplasmic tail. We have developed an experim ... Link to item Cite

Multiple Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases from rat brain. Purification, regulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin, and partial amino acid sequence.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 3, 1996 We have purified to near homogeneity from rat brain two Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaM kinase I) activating kinases, termed here CaM kinase I kinase-alpha and CaM kinase I kinase-beta (CaMKIK alpha and CaMKIK beta, respectively). Both Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of Ca++/calmodulin binding proteins in Aspergillus nidulans cell cycle regulation.

Journal Article Prog Cell Cycle Res · 1996 The goal of this review is to summarise the current knowledge concerning the targets of Ca++/calmodulin that are essential for cell cycle progression in lower eukaryotes. Emphasis is placed on Aspergillus nidulans since this is the only organism to date sh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Organization and analysis of the complete rat calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV gene.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 8, 1995 A 42-kilobase pair region of rat DNA containing the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM kinase IV) gene has been cloned and characterized. The gene consists of 12 exons and 11 introns and is predicted to encode both beta and alpha forms of CaM ... Full text Link to item Cite

Defective glycolysis and calcium signaling underlie impaired insulin secretion in a transgenic mouse.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 1, 1995 Pancreatic beta cells from mice that overexpress the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin have a unique secretory defect that leads to chronic hyperglycemia. To further understand the molecular basis underlying this defect, we have studied signaling pathways ... Full text Link to item Cite

An intron facilitates activation of the calspermin gene by the testis-specific transcription factor CREM tau.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 8, 1995 Calspermin is a high affinity Ca2+/calmodulin binding protein that is found only in postmeiotic male germ cells. Our previous studies have shown that the calspermin transcript is produced by utilization of a testis-specific promoter located within an intro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I: cDNA cloning, domain structure and activation by phosphorylation at threonine-177 by calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I kinase.

Journal Article EMBO J · August 1, 1995 Human Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM) dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) encodes a 370 amino acid protein with a calculated M(r) of 41,337. The 1.5 kb CaMKI mRNA is expressed in many different human tissues and is the product of a single gene located on human chro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phosphorylation and activation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV by Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase. Phosphorylation of threonine 196 is essential for activation.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 21, 1995 Purified pig brain Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase (Lee, J. C., and Edelman, A. M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 2158-2164) enhances, by up to 24-fold, the activity of recombinant CaM kinase IV in a reaction also requiring Ca(2+)-Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Through the glass lightly.

Journal Article Science · March 17, 1995 Full text Link to item Cite

Calspermin gene transcription is regulated by two cyclic AMP response elements contained in an alternative promoter in the calmodulin kinase IV gene.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · January 1995 The transcript for the high-affinity Ca2+/calmodulin-binding protein calspermin is generated from the gene encoding Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV only in postmeiotic germ cells during spermatogenesis. We demonstrate that this testis-specific ... Full text Link to item Cite

Targeted overexpression of an inactive calmodulin that binds Ca2+ to the mouse pancreatic beta-cell results in impaired secretion and chronic hyperglycemia.

Journal Article Endocrinology · January 1995 We have previously reported that elevated levels of calmodulin in pancreatic beta-cells of mice resulted in a unique secretory defect. To determine if this effect was due to Ca2+ buffering, a mutant form of calmodulin that has an eight-amino acid deletion ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selective activation and inhibition of calmodulin-dependent enzymes by a calmodulin-like protein found in human epithelial cells.

Journal Article Eur J Biochem · December 1, 1994 A calmodulin-like protein, which is identical in size and 85% identical to vertebrate calmodulin, was recently identified by 'subtractive hybridization' comparison of transcripts expressed in normal versus transformed human mammary epithelial cells. Unlike ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase types II and IV differentially regulate CREB-dependent gene expression.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · September 1994 Phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP [cAMP]- response element [CRE]-binding protein) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) leads to the activation of many promoters containing CREs. In neurons and other cell types, CREB phosphorylation and activation of CR ... Full text Link to item Cite

The calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (calcineurin A) is an essential gene in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article EMBO J · August 15, 1994 The gene encoding the homologue of the catalytic subunit of the Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin A) has been isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. This gene, cnaA+, is essential in this fungal system. Analysis of growth-arrested ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle regulation.

Journal Article FEBS Lett · June 20, 1994 Calcium and its ubiquitous intracellular receptor calmodulin are required for cell proliferation. Studies in a variety of model systems are beginning to identify components of the calcium/calmodulin cascade required for movement of quiescent cells into the ... Full text Link to item Cite

The calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (calcineurin A) is an essential gene in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article EMBO J · June 1, 1994 The gene encoding the homologue of the catalytic subunit of the Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin A) has been isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. This gene, cnaA+, is essential in this fungal system. Analysis of growth-arrested ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of the noncatalytic domain of the NIMA kinase causes a G2 arrest in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article EMBO J · May 1, 1994 Temperature-sensitive mutation of the nimA gene of Aspergillus nidulans causes a reversible G2 arrest, whereas overexpression of nimA causes premature entry into mitosis from which the cells cannot exit. The nimA gene encodes a Ser/Thr-specific protein kin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of substrate specificity determinants for the cell cycle-regulated NIMA protein kinase.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 4, 1994 NIMA is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase required for the G2/M transition in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Previous biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme indicated that NIMA is a protein serine/threonine specific kinase ... Link to item Cite

Biochemical characterization of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV expressed in insect cells.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 15, 1993 We have expressed the rat brain Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase type IV in insect cells. The recombinant enzyme is produced as a single polypeptide that migrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 61 kDa. Recombinant CaM kinase IV ... Link to item Cite

Modulation of calmodulin plasticity in molecular recognition on the basis of x-ray structures.

Journal Article Science · December 10, 1993 Calmodulin is the primary calcium-dependent signal transducer and regulator of a wide variety of essential cellular functions. The structure of calcium-calmodulin bound to the peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of brain calmodulin-depen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-cardiac troponin C chimeras. Effects of domain exchange on calcium binding and enzyme activation.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 25, 1993 Calmodulin (CaM) and the cardiac isoform of troponin C (cTnC) are close structural homologs, but cTnC cannot activate most CaM target enzymes. To investigate structure-function relationships, we constructed a series of CaM.cTnC chimeras and determined thei ... Link to item Cite

Activation of four enzymes by two series of calmodulin mutants with point mutations in individual Ca2+ binding sites.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 25, 1993 Activation of four target enzymes by two series of calmodulin Ca2+ binding site mutants has been examined. In each mutant, the conserved bidentate glutamate of one of the Ca2+ binding sites is mutated to glutamine or lysine. The enzymes studied were smooth ... Link to item Cite

Targeted developmental overexpression of calmodulin induces proliferative and hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes in transgenic mice.

Journal Article Endocrinology · July 1993 Calmodulin (CaM) levels are developmentally regulated in the mouse heart. During late gestational and early postnatal stages, CaM levels decline several-fold in close temporal association with the declining population of proliferating cardiomyocytes. This ... Full text Link to item Cite

Essential roles for calcium and calmodulin in G2/M progression in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · May 1993 nimT encodes a protein in Aspergillus nidulans that is required for tyrosine dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 and has a strong homology to cdc25-type proteins. Conditional mutation of nimT (nimT23 mutation) arrests cells in G2 at the restrictive temperature. A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Properties and regulation of the cell cycle-specific NIMA protein kinase of Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 25, 1993 NIMA is the protein product of the nimA gene of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, required for progression of cells from G2 into mitosis. The protein kinase activity of NIMA, assayed by phosphorylation of beta-casein, varies during the nuclear d ... Link to item Cite

Coordinate regulation of mRNAs from multiple calmodulin genes during myoblast differentiation in vitro.

Journal Article J Cell Physiol · February 1993 Multiple genes encoding identical calmodulin molecules have been found in all mammalian species so far examined, but little is known regarding the factors involved in regulating the expression of this gene family. We have investigated the possibility of di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 A resolution.

Journal Article J Mol Biol · December 20, 1992 We have determined and refined the crystal structure of a recombinant calmodulin at 1.7 A resolution. The structure was determined by molecular replacement, using the 2.2 A published native bovine brain structure as the starting model. The final crystallog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of intrasteric inhibition of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 15, 1992 A regulatory region involved in both autoinhibition and calmodulin (CaM) binding has previously been identified in the multifunctional Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase II). We have tested the role of various segments of the regulatory region i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structural basis of the intrasteric regulation of myosin light chain kinases.

Journal Article Science · October 2, 1992 The smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) catalytic core was modeled by using the crystallographic coordinates of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (cAPK) and a bound pseudosubstrate inhibitor peptide, PKI(5-24). Despite ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium/calmodulin transduces thrombin-stimulated secretion: studies in intact and minimally permeabilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · September 1992 Thrombin stimulates cultured endothelial cells (EC) to secrete stored von Willebrand factor (vWF), but the signal transduction pathways are poorly defined. Thrombin is known to elevate the concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and to activate pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Target enzyme recognition by calmodulin: 2.4 A structure of a calmodulin-peptide complex.

Journal Article Science · August 28, 1992 The crystal structure of calcium-bound calmodulin (Ca(2+)-CaM) bound to a peptide analog of the CaM-binding region of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase has been determined and refined to a resolution of 2.4 angstroms (A). The structure is com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrasteric regulation of myosin light chain kinase: the pseudosubstrate prototope binds to the active site.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · April 1992 We previously proposed a molecular mechanism for the activation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) by calmodulin (CaM). According to this model, smMLCK is autoinhibited in the absence of Ca2+/CaM due to the interaction of a pseudosubstrate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated beta-cell calmodulin produces a unique insulin secretory defect in transgenic mice.

Journal Article Endocrinology · March 1992 Transgenic mice with elevated levels of beta-cell calmodulin develop severe diabetes even though pancreatic beta-cells contain reserve levels of insulin. Electron microscopic examination of transgenic pancreas confirmed the presence of abundant insulin sec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cooperative regulation of cell proliferation by calcium and calmodulin in Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · March 1992 Calcium and calmodulin have been widely implicated in the control of cell proliferation. We have created a strain of the genetically tractable filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, that is conditional for calmodulin expression. This was accomplished by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of amino acids essential for calmodulin binding and activation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 15, 1992 Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent enzyme that phosphorylates the 20-kDa light chains of myosin. In a previous study (Bagchi, I.C., Kemp, B.E., and Means, A.R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15843-15849), we ... Link to item Cite

Characterization of the secondary structure of calmodulin in complex with a calmodulin-binding domain peptide.

Journal Article Biochemistry · February 11, 1992 The interaction between calcium-saturated chicken calmodulin and a peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of the chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase has been studied by multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonanc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression of a constitutive form of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II leads to arrest of the cell cycle in G2.

Journal Article EMBO J · February 1992 Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase. We have created a calcium/calmodulin independent form of this enzyme by truncation. Expression of this enzyme fragment in a rabbit reticulocyte ly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin and cell cycle control.

Journal Article J Physiol Paris · 1992 Previous studies have indicated a role for the calcium receptor calmodulin in the control of eukaryotic cell proliferation. Using a molecular genetic approach in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans we have shown that CaM is required for cell cycle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased calmodulin affects cell morphology and mRNA levels of cytoskeletal protein genes.

Journal Article Cell Motil Cytoskeleton · 1992 We have previously described stable mouse C127 cell lines in which a CaM mini-gene has been expressed in a bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector (Rasmussen and Means: EMBO J. 6:3961-3968, 1987). Elevation of CaM to levels five-fold higher than in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three amino acid substitutions in domain I of calmodulin prevent the activation of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 15, 1991 TaM-BMI is a genetically engineered chimeric protein consisting of the first 55 amino acids of cardiac troponin C (but with the normally inactive first Ca2+ binding domain reactivated by site- directed mutagenesis) ligated to the last three domains of chic ... Link to item Cite

Structure of the smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase calmodulin-binding domain peptide bound to calmodulin.

Journal Article Biochemistry · October 22, 1991 The interaction between the peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of the smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase and (Ca2+)4-calmodulin has been studied by multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The study was ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and a male germ cell-specific calmodulin-binding protein are derived from the same gene.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · August 1991 A cDNA representing a unique Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been cloned and sequenced from a rat brain cDNA library. This enzyme, expressed in brain, testis, and spleen, is only 32% identical to the various isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-depende ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulatory functions of calmodulin.

Journal Article Pharmacol Ther · 1991 Calmodulin is a Ca2+ binding protein present in all eukaryotic cells that serves as the primary intracellular receptor for Ca2+. This 148 amino acid protein is involved in activation of more than 20 enzymes which mediate a wide variety of physiological pro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by calmodulin.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 1991 The mutagenesis work described in this paper has been instrumental in furthering our understanding of how CaM binds to and activates MLCK. Figure 2 schematically represents this interaction. The inactive MLCK appears to have a catalytic domain that is repr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization and expression of the unique calmodulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 15, 1990 Complete cDNA and genomic clones for the unique calmodulin (CaM) gene of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans have been isolated and characterized. The gene contains five introns, of which three are at unique positions relative to other CaM genes. T ... Link to item Cite

Chimeric calmodulin-cardiac troponin C proteins differentially activate calmodulin target enzymes.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 5, 1990 To evaluate the role of domain I of calmodulin (CaM) in the activation of target enzymes, a series of CaM mutants was constructed in which domain I (49 amino acids) was substantially deleted, or was exchanged with the homologous region (58 amino acids) of ... Link to item Cite

Calmodulin activation of target enzymes. Consequences of deletions in the central helix.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · March 5, 1990 The central helical region of calmodulin (CaM) includes amino acids 65-92 and serves to separate the two pairs of Ca2(+)-binding sites. This region may impart conformational flexibility and also interact with target proteins. The functional effects of dele ... Link to item Cite

Effects of changes in calmodulin levels on cell proliferation.

Journal Article Environ Health Perspect · March 1990 Calmodulin (CaM) is one of several proteins regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. CaM is synthesized at the G1/S boundary and has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression. To elucidate the role of calmodulin in cell cycle control, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulatory and structural motifs of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 1990 The amino acid sequence for chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) was deduced from a full-length cDNA. This has allowed definition of both the complete sequence of the inactive 64-kDa proteolytic fragment, which contains the pseudosubstr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Altered synthesis of the 26-kDa heat stress protein family and thermotolerance in cell lines with elevated levels of calcium-binding proteins.

Journal Article J Cell Physiol · March 1990 Using a bovine papilloma virus-based vector, mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells have been transformed to express elevated amounts of functional calmodulin (CaM) (Rasmussen and Means, 1987) and another Ca2(+)-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV) (Rasmussen and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin, cell growth and gene expression.

Journal Article Trends Neurosci · November 1989 Calmodulin is thought to regulate a number of intracellular processes, including cell proliferation. Previous studies using drugs that antagonize calmodulin function have indicated that calmodulin is required for progression at specific points in the eukar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Studies of the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Mutation of threonine 286 to alanine and aspartate.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 5, 1989 A cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of mouse brain Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) was transcribed in vitro and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Inclusion of [35S]methionine in the translation system yielded a single 3 ... Link to item Cite

Analysis of expression of multiple genes encoding calmodulin during spermatogenesis.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · October 1989 It has recently been determined that the intracellular calcium receptor, calmodulin, is encoded by a multigene family. At least three calmodulin genes that encode the identical protein are expressed in adult testis from a variety of mammalian species. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myosin light chain kinase structure function analysis using bacterial expression.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 25, 1989 A 40-kDa fragment of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase was produced and partially purified from a bacterial expression system. This fragment exhibits calmodulin binding and substrate phosphorylation properties similar to those of the isolated ... Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-induced early-onset diabetes in transgenic mice.

Journal Article Cell · September 22, 1989 Calmodulin is implicated as the primary transducer of the calcium signal in pancreatic beta cells, where it is present at very high concentrations. We have produced three lines of transgenic mice carrying a calmodulin minigene regulated by the rat insulin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in the structure of calmodulin induced by a peptide based on the calmodulin-binding domain of myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article Biochemistry · August 8, 1989 Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data were used to study the solution structure of calmodulin complexed with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 577-603 of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. The X-ray data indicate that, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

The presence of parvalbumin in a nonmuscle cell line attenuates progression through mitosis.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · March 1989 Based on studies that have examined the effect of calcium chelators on cells, it has been proposed that this cation plays a role in regulating cell proliferation. In this study a novel approach was used to indirectly examine the role of calcium in cell cyc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular cloning sequence and distribution of rat calspermin, a high affinity calmodulin-binding protein.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 5, 1989 Calspermin is a heat-stable, acidic calmodulin-binding protein predominantly found in mammalian testis. The cDNA representing the rat form of this protein has been cloned from a rat testis lambda gt11 library. Sequence analysis of two overlapping clones re ... Link to item Cite

Expression of RNAs for calmodulin, actins, and tubulins in rat testis cells.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · February 1989 Messenger RNAs encoding calmodulin, alpha- and beta-tubulins, and actins were analyzed in nucleic acid isolated from purified rat testis cell populations. Cell-specific patterns were discovered that suggest coordinate regulation of members of different gen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin is required for cell-cycle progression during G1 and mitosis.

Journal Article EMBO J · January 1989 In order to examine the consequences of a transient increase or decrease in intracellular calmodulin (CaM) levels, two bovine-papilloma-virus (BPV)-based expression vectors capable of inducibly synthesizing CaM sense (BPV-MCM) or anti-sense (BPV-CaMAS) RNA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chicken calmodulin promoter activity in proliferating and differentiated cells.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · January 1989 A 1218-base pair (bp) portion of the chicken calmodulin promoter was sequenced and assayed for promoter activity. This portion of the promoter was found sufficient to produce accurate transcriptional initiation. The promoter sequence was GC rich, particula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium, calmodulin and cell proliferation.

Journal Article Cell Calcium · December 1988 Calcium and calmodulin have been proposed to be regulatory factors in cell cycle progression. Clonal mouse cell lines harboring episomally-carried genes have been prepared to address this question. Some lines produce extra calmodulin, others express antise ... Full text Link to item Cite

Domain II of calmodulin is involved in activation of calcineurin.

Journal Article FEBS Lett · September 26, 1988 A family of mutant proteins related to calmodulin (CaM) has been produced using cDNA constructs in bacterial expression vectors. The new proteins contain amino acid substitutions in Ca2+-binding domains I, II, both I and II, or both II and IV. The calmodul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Autoregulation of enzymes by pseudosubstrate prototopes: myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article Science · August 19, 1988 The myosin light chain kinase requires calmodulin for activation. Tryptic cleavage of the enzyme generates an inactive 64-kilodalton (kD) fragment that can be further cleaved to form a constitutively active, calmodulin-independent, 61-kD fragment. Microseq ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional significance of the central helix in calmodulin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 15, 1988 The 3-A crystal structure of calmodulin indicates that it has a polarized tertiary arrangement in which calcium binding domains I and II are separated from domains III and IV by a long central helix consisting of residues 65-92. To investigate the function ... Link to item Cite

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Characterization of distinct calmodulin binding and inhibitory domains.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 25, 1988 Regulatory domains of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were investigated utilizing synthetic peptides. These peptides were derived from the sequence between positions 281 and 319 as translated from the cDNA sequence of the ra ... Link to item Cite

Identification, characterization, and functional correlation of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase in sperm.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · May 1988 Preliminary data demonstrated that the inhibition of reactivated sperm motility by calcium was correlated with inhibited protein phosphorylation. The inhibition of phosphorylation by Ca2+ was found to be catalyzed by the calmodulin-dependent protein phosph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mapping of calmodulin-binding domain of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II from rat brain.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · April 15, 1988 Recent molecular cloning experiments have identified a 25 amino-acid region as the calmodulin-binding domain of the alpha-subunit of rat brain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase II (CaM-K II). Synthetic peptides, derived from the dedu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular mechanisms of action of calmodulin.

Journal Article Recent Prog Horm Res · 1988 Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin regulation of smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Pharmacol · 1988 Calmodulin is the predominant Ca2+ receptor in all nonmuscle and smooth muscle cells. As such, it mediates the activity of more than 20 intracellular enzymes. The structure of calmodulin reveals an eight-turn helix that separates the two pairs of Ca2+ bind ... Link to item Cite

Calmodulin is involved in regulation of cell proliferation.

Journal Article EMBO J · December 20, 1987 A chicken calmodulin (CaM) gene has been expressed in mouse C127 cells using a bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-based vector (BPV-CM). The vector-borne genes produce a mature mRNA of the expected size that is present on cytoplasmic polyribosomes. In clonal cel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental regulation of calmodulin, actin, and tubulin RNAs during rat testis differentiation.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · December 1987 Postnatal testis differentiation involves transition through neonatal, pre-meiotic, meiotic, haploid, and mature stages. We have examined the qualitative and quantitative changes in rat testis RNAs that specifically hybridize to cDNAs encoding the cytoskel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proteolysis of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Formation of inactive and calmodulin-independent fragments.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 5, 1987 Proteolysis by trypsin of gizzard myosin light chain kinase in the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin causes a biphasic effect on kinase activity. During the initial phase of proteolysis, Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase activity is reduced over a thousand-fold. F ... Link to item Cite

Functional analysis of a complementary DNA for the 50-kilodalton subunit of calmodulin kinase II.

Journal Article Science · July 17, 1987 The calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a major component of brain synaptic junctions and has been proposed to play a variety of important roles in brain function. A complementary DNA representing a portion of the smaller 50-kilodalton subuni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the parvalbumin gene.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 25, 1987 The structure of the rat parvalbumin gene has been elucidated from analysis of six overlapping clones isolated from a rat lambda Charon 4A genomic library. Two of the clones were mapped in detail, and all exons were localized by Southern hybridization usin ... Link to item Cite

The nontranscribed chicken calmodulin pseudogene cross-hybridizes with mRNA from the slow-muscle troponin C gene.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biol · April 1987 A chicken calmodulin pseudogene with no introns was previously shown to hybridize under stringent conditions with an mRNA species present in skeletal and cardiac muscles, yet it would not hybridize to calmodulin mRNA (J. P. Stein, R. P. Munjaal, L. Lagace' ... Full text Link to item Cite

The calmodulin binding domain of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase contains a pseudosubstrate sequence.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 25, 1987 Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase contains a 64 residue sequence that binds calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner (Guerriero, V., Jr., Russo, M. A., and Means, A. R. (1987) Biochemistry, in press). Within this region is a sequence with homology to th ... Link to item Cite

Bacterially synthesized vertebrate calmodulin is a specific substrate for ubiquitination.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 25, 1987 Calmodulin purified from bacteria which express a cloned chicken calmodulin gene can be selectively conjugated with ubiquitin, using enzymes present in reticulocyte extracts. Analyses of peptide products generated from limited proteolytic digestion of the ... Link to item Cite

Hormonal regulation of a chicken oviduct messenger ribonucleic acid that shares a common domain with gizzard myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article Mol Endocrinol · January 1987 Changes in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and calmodulin (CaM) mRNAs have been evaluated during estrogen-mediated differentiation of the chicken oviduct. Also examined were acute changes that occur in oviduct RNA from animals stimulated with estrogen, wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of calmodulin and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase: application of a label selection technique with trace acetylated calmodulin.

Journal Article Proteins · 1987 A method is described for rapidly surveying the effects of modifying individual amino acid residues of a protein on its ability to interact specifically with another macromolecule. The procedure has been used to examine the individual roles of the seven ly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Domain organization of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase deduced from a cloned cDNA.

Journal Article Biochemistry · December 30, 1986 Myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) are the most studied of the calmodulin-activated enzymes; however, minimal sequence information is available for the smooth muscle form of the enzyme. The production of an antibody against the enzyme and the use of express ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular cloning of the cDNA for androgen-dependent sperm-coating glycoproteins secreted by the rat epididymis.

Journal Article Eur J Biochem · November 17, 1986 cDNA clones coding for two closely related androgen-dependent sperm-coating glycoproteins secreted by the rat epididymis were selected by screening an epididymal cDNA library constructed in lambda gt 11 with affinity-purified antibody directed against the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Axokinin phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is sufficient for activation of sperm flagellar motility.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · August 1986 Using a selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, N-[2(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-8), the requirement for cAMP-dependent phosphoproteins in the initiation of dog sperm flagellar motility was examined. H-8 inhibited motility ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetically engineered calmodulins differentially activate target enzymes.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 25, 1986 Three mutant calmodulin (CaM) genes together with the normal chicken CaM cDNA have been expressed in bacteria for the purpose of determining structure/function relationships in CaM. The mutant CaM genes were generated by in vitro recombination between a ch ... Link to item Cite

NMR studies of a complex of deuterated calmodulin with melittin.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 1986 Completely deuterated calmodulin ([2H]CaM) has been prepared by expressing the chicken gene for CaM in Escherichia coli grown in 2H2O on a deuterated medium. The structural and dynamic properties of a 1:1 CaM/melittin (Mel) complex have been investigated b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation of a rat parvalbumin gene and full length cDNA.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 5, 1986 The complete sequence of the rat parvalbumin mRNA was determined by sequencing a near full length cDNA clone and a primer extension product of the 5' untranslated region of this clone. The parvalbumin sequence contained 72 nucleotides of the 5' untranslate ... Link to item Cite

Molecular cloning of the cDNA for two major androgen-dependent secretory proteins of 18.5 kilodaltons synthesized by the rat epididymis.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 15, 1986 cDNA clones representing two closely related androgen-dependent secretory proteins of 18.5 kDa were selected by screening a rat epididymal cDNA library constructed in lambda gt 11 with affinity-purified antibody directed against the 18.5-kDa proteins. The ... Link to item Cite

Functional domains of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · June 25, 1985 The proteolytic susceptibility of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase, a calmodulin-dependent enzyme, has been utilized to define the relative location of the catalytic and regulatory domains of the enzyme. Myosin light chain kinase isolated from thi ... Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional structure of calmodulin.

Journal Article Nature · May 2, 1985 The three-dimensional structure of calmodulin has been determined crystallographically at 3.0 A resolution. The molecule consists of two globular lobes connected by a long exposed alpha-helix. Each lobe binds two calcium ions through helix-loop-helix domai ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacterial expression and characterization of proteins derived from the chicken calmodulin cDNA and a calmodulin processed gene.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 25, 1985 Both normal chicken calmodulin (CaM) and a CaM-like mutant protein have been expressed in bacteria, isolated and evaluated with respect to several physical and biological properties. The mutant CaM is derived from a CaM-like gene that lacks intervening seq ... Link to item Cite

The Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin: molecular cloning and developmental regulation of mRNA abundance.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 1985 Parvalbumin (PV) is a Ca2+-binding protein found only in vertebrates. It is postulated to serve as a soluble relaxing factor in fast mammalian muscle. We have isolated a rat PV cDNA clone and used this as a probe to examine changes in PV mRNA during muscle ... Full text Link to item Cite

The structural organization of the chicken calmodulin gene.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 25, 1985 The structural organization of the entire chicken calmodulin (CaM) gene was determined by analysis of overlapping genomic clones obtained from Charon 4A and cosmid DNA libraries. These clones together span 39 kilobases of chicken genomic DNA. The CaM gene ... Link to item Cite

Quantitation and significance of 125I-calmodulin binding to myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylase distributed on polyacrylamide gels.

Journal Article Biochem Biophys Res Commun · January 16, 1985 Glycogen phosphorylase (a or b) binds 125I-calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner, in the 125I-calmodulin overlay technique. This binding is quantitatively identical to 125I-calmodulin binding to myosin light chain kinase. In an in vitro assay, calmodulin s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization and analysis of an apparent autophosphorylation of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase.

Journal Article J Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res · 1985 A phosphorylation occurs at two sites in chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase that appears to be catalyzed by an autophosphorylation reaction. This reaction is inhibited by approximately 75% in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin, but is unaffected by the ... Link to item Cite

Flagellar motility requires the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a heat-stable NP-40-soluble 56 kd protein, axokinin.

Journal Article Cell · September 1984 Using NP-40-treated dog sperm as a model, the stimulatory effect of cAMP upon reactivated flagellar motility has been shown to be dependent upon the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a heat-stable NP-40-soluble protein of 56 kd. Examination by two-dimensio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen modulation of nuclear matrix-associated steroid hormone binding.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 1984 Estrogen regulation of the intranuclear distribution of estrogen-binding proteins has been examined in the chicken liver. Administration of estrogen [diethylstilbestrol (DES)] resulted in a rapid, dose-dependent increase in two types of estrogen-binding si ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen stimulates the transient association of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase with the chicken liver nuclear matrix.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · August 1984 Previous work has demonstrated that estrogen administration to immature chickens results in a rapid but transient increase in nuclear estrogen receptor content, a large portion of which is associated with the nuclear matrix. The present studies were undert ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potentiation of bleomycin lethality by anticalmodulin drugs: a role for calmodulin in DNA repair.

Journal Article Science · June 22, 1984 Treatment of exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells with bleomycin causes a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival due to DNA damage. This lethal effect can be potentiated by the addition of a nonlethal dose of the anticalmodulin drug N-(4-ami ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin-microtubule association in cultured mammalian cells.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · March 1984 A Triton X-100-lysed cell system has been used to identify calmodulin on the cytoskeleton of 3T3 and transformed SV3T3 cells. By indirect immunofluorescence, calmodulin was found to be associated with both the cytoplasmic microtubule complex and the centro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in calmodulin and its mRNA accompany reentry of quiescent (G0) cells into the cell cycle.

Journal Article Cell · January 1984 Release of CHO-K1 cells from plateau or stationary phase and reentry into the cell cycle is specifically and reversibly blocked at two distinct sites by the anticalmodulin drug W13. The first block occurs early during release while the cells are still at G ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue-specific expression of a chicken calmodulin pseudogene lacking intervening sequences.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 1983 An eel calmodulin cDNA probe has been used to isolate a calmodulin gene from a chicken DNA library. Sequence analysis revealed this calmodulin gene (cCM1) to contain the nucleotides that code for 148 amino acids, a termination codon, and 486 residues of 3' ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chicken calmodulin genes. A species comparison of cDNA sequences and isolation of a genomic clone.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · October 10, 1983 A cDNA library, prepared from poly(A+) mRNA isolated from chicken brain, was screened for calmodulin sequences using the cloned full length structural gene from Electrophorus electricus as probe (Lagacé, L., Chandra, T., Woo, S.L.C., and Means, A.R. (1983) ... Link to item Cite

Follicle-stimulating hormone activation of glycogen phosphorylase in the Sertoli cell-enriched rat testis.

Journal Article Endocrinology · October 1983 The potential role of glycogen phosphorylase in providing energy for the Sertoli cell-enriched testis has been investigated. This enzyme is detectable in testes from rats 6-54 days of age. Glycogen phosphorylase in isolated Sertoli cell-enriched testes is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of multiple species of calmodulin messenger RNA using a full length complementary DNA.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · February 10, 1983 Poly(A) RNA from eel electroplax was used to construct a full length cDNA complementary to calmodulin (CaM) mRNA which was cloned in the PstI site of pBR322 DNA. Recombinant plasmids containing sequences complementary to CaM mRNA were identified by hybridi ... Link to item Cite

Cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate, calcium and protein phosphorylation in flagellar motility.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · February 1983 cAMP and calcium are two important regulators of sperm flagellar motility. cAMP stimulates sperm motility by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase and catalyzing the phosphorylation of sperm proteins. The stimulation of sperm motility by cAMP appears to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of myosin light chain kinase with lymphocyte membrane-cytoskeleton complex.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · December 1982 A specific antibody against myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was used to identify the presence of a Ca2+-calmodulin-activated MLCK in mouse 1-lymphoma cells. With a double immunofluorescence technique, MLCK was determined to be accumulated directly under C ... Full text Link to item Cite

The evolution of a complex eucaryotic gene.

Journal Article Metabolism · July 1982 Two thirds of the natural chicken ovomucoid gene has been sequenced, including all exons and the intron sequences surrounding all fourteen intron/exon junctions. The junctions sequences surrounding four of the introns are redundant: however, the sequences ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of protein phosphorylation and motility of sperm by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium.

Journal Article Biol Reprod · May 1982 Motility and protein phosphorylation have been measured under identical experimental conditions in ejaculated dog sperm lysed with low concentrations of Triton X-100 and reactivated with [gamma-32P]ATP. Cyclic AMP stimulates motility and protein phosphoryl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of a complex eukaryotic gene.

Journal Article Natl Cancer Inst Monogr · 1982 Our current efforts to understand the evolutionary origin of the ovomucoid gene are reviewed. Sequence analyses have suggested that introns were present in the primordial ovomucoid gene before birds and mammals diverged, about 300 million years ago. Our wo ... Link to item Cite

Radioimmunoassay of calmodulin.

Journal Article Methods Enzymol · 1982 Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin and the cell cycle: involvement in regulation of cell-cycle progression.

Journal Article Cell · January 1982 Calmodulin levels are elevated twofold at late G1 and/or early S phases during the growth cycle of CHO-K1 cells. These levels are maintained throughout the remainder of the cell cycle unit cytokinesis. The G1 daughter cells then contain half the intracellu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin in endocrine cells.

Journal Article Annu Rev Physiol · 1982 Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation by and of calmodulin in mammalian cells.

Journal Article Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol · 1982 Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin in bovine rod outer segments.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · December 10, 1981 Link to item Cite

Production and characterization of an antibody to myosin light chain kinase and intracellular localization of the enzyme.

Journal Article Cell · December 1981 A specific precipitating antibody against chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has been produced in rabbits. The antibody inhibited enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner with 11 moles of antibody required to inhibit 80% of the activity of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental changes in the hormonal regulation of rat testis Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase.

Journal Article Endocrinology · October 1981 The stimulatory effects of FSH on Sertoli cell functions such as cAMP accumulation, protein kinase activation, and RNA and protein synthesis wane during testis maturation. However, FSH receptors increase with age and addition of cAMP stimulates these bioch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Steroid structural requirements for high affinity binding to human sex steroid binding protein (SBP).

Journal Article Steroids · September 1981 The sex steroid binding protein (SBP) which binds androgens circulating in the blood of man has been examined to determine the structural requirements for high affinity binding. SBP was purified partially and the ability of each of more than 150 steroids t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates calmodulin redistribution in rat pituitary.

Journal Article Nature · July 16, 1981 Calcium (Ca2+) seems to have an informational role in many tissues. In particular, it fulfills the requirements of a second messenger for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary gonadotrope (see ... Full text Link to item Cite

Presence and indirect immunofluorescent localization of calmodulin in Paramecium tetraurelia.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · June 1981 In this paper we demonstrate the presence and localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent regulatory protein, in the ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia. Calmodulin is demonstrated by several criteria: (a) the ability of whole cell Paramecium ext ... Full text Link to item Cite

A cloned calmodulin structural gene probe is complementary to DNA sequences from diverse species.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 1981 Calmodulin mRNA has been partially purified from a total nucleic acid extract of the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. A 9- to 10S fraction was determined to contain 39% calmo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors affecting Sertoli cell function in the testis.

Journal Article Environ Health Perspect · April 1981 The Sertoli cell is the primary target for FSH action in the mammalian testis. These cells contain the majority of testicular plasma membrane receptors for this hormone. Receptor occupancy is directly correlated with a stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of protein kinase inhibitor by follicle-stimulating hormone in Sertoli cells in vitro.

Journal Article Endocrinology · February 1981 The heat-stable protein inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is specifically regulated by hormones in cultures of rat Sertoli cells maintained under completely defined conditions. Hormones that are known to elevate Sertoli cell cAMP concentrations, n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of intracellular levels of calmodulin and tubulin in normal and transformed cells.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 1981 Transformation of mammalian tissue culture cells by oncogenic viruses results in a 2-fold increase in the intracellular concentration of calmodulin quantitated by radioimmunoassay. The two pairs of companion cell lines used in this study were the Swiss mou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactions of calmodulin with coated vesicles from brain.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 1981 Coated vesicles purified in the presence of calcium are enriched approximately 7-fold in calmodulin content relative to standard preparations isolated in the absence of free calcium. Radioiodinated calmodulin binds specifically to coated vesicles in vitro. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amino acid sequence of the signal peptide of apoVLDL-II, a major apoprotein in avian very low density lipoproteins.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · November 10, 1980 ApoVLDL-II is a major apoprotein in avian very low density lipoproteins (Jackson, R. L., Lin, H.-Y., Chan, L., and Means, A.R. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 250-253). Partially purified apoVLDL-II mRNA was translated in vitro in a wheat germ system in the pre ... Link to item Cite

Primary sequence of ovomucoid messenger RNA as determined from cloned complementary DNA.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · November 1980 Ovomucoid messenger RNA (mRNAom) comprises approximately 8% of the total mRNA in the estrogen-stimulated oviduct. The recombinant plasmid pOM100 contained DNA complementary to the 3' end of mRNAom. DNA complementary to the 5' end of mRNAom was obtained fro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ovomucoid intervening sequences specify functional domains and generate protein polymorphism.

Journal Article Cell · October 1980 Two thirds of the natural chicken ovomucoid gene has been sequenced, including all exons and the intron sequences surrounding all fourteen intron/exon junctions. The junction sequences surrounding four of the introns are redundant; however, the sequences s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of calmodulin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 10, 1980 Crystals of rat testis calmodulin, a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein have been grown from solutions of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 29.79(4) A, b = 53.74(7) A, c = 24.78(3) A, alpha = 93.46(2)degrees, ... Link to item Cite

Calmodulin in endocrine cells and its multiple roles in hormone action.

Journal Article Mol Cell Endocrinol · September 1980 Calmodulin interaction with Ca2+ may present a receptor mechanism analogous to the association of steroid hormones with cytoplasmic receptor proteins. In the systems examined to date, neither calmodulin nor Ca2+ alone have stimulatory effects. We have atte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protein inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: production and characterization of antibodies and intracellular localization.

Journal Article Cell · August 1980 Multiple forms of protein kinase inhibitor exist in mammalian testis. Specific antibodies to testicular protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) have been raised in sheep. The antibody to the smallest of the inhibitors (9300 daltons) has been purified by antigen-aff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calmodulin--an intracellular calcium receptor.

Journal Article Nature · May 8, 1980 Calmodulin, a protein that binds calcium with high affinity and specificity, is structurally conserved and functionally preserved throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. It serves as an intracellular Ca2+-receptor and mediates the Ca2+ regulation of cycl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Localization of calmodulin in rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · May 1980 Calmodulin, a multifunctional Ca(++)-binding protein, is present in all eucaryotic cells. We have investigated the distribution of this protein in the rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy using a Fab-peroxidase conjugate technique. In Purkinje and g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crystallographic studies of calmodulin.

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · 1980 Full text Link to item Cite

Evolutionary mechanisms for eucaryotic genes.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Res Cent Bull · 1980 Link to item Cite

Molecular structure and flanking nucleotide sequences of the natural chicken ovomucoid gene.

Journal Article Cell · November 1979 Five independent clones containing the natural chicken ovomucoid gene have been isolated from a chicken gene library. One of these clones, CL21, contains the complete ovomucoid gene and includes more than 3 kb of DNA sequences flanking both termini of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tubulin and calmodulin. Effects of microtubule and microfilament inhibitors on localization in the mitotic apparatus.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · June 1979 Indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the distribution of calmodulin in the mitotic apparatus of rat kangaroo PtK2 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The distribution of calmodulin in PtK2 cells was compared to the distribution of tubulin, ... Full text Link to item Cite

The chick ovomucoid gene contains at least six intervening sequences.

Journal Article Nature · March 22, 1979 A 15-kilobase pair EcoRI chick DNA fragment, containing both the termination codon UGA and the 5'-portion of the structural ovomucoid gene, has been cloned in lambda phage Charon 4A by in vitro packaging. Restriction mapping and electron microscopic analys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in steroid specificity for rat androgen binding protein and the cytoplasmic receptor.

Journal Article Steroids · March 1979 Two proteins in the rat, androgen binding protein (ABP) and the cytoplasmic receptor (CR), have high affinity and limited capacity for binding androgens. To determine the structural requirements for binding with high affinity, each protein was partially pu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of microtubule assembly-disassembly by calcium-dependent regulator protein.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 1978 The Ca2+-dependent regulator (CDR) protein of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is a low molecular weight, acidic, Ca2+-binding protein which has been implicated in a number of Ca2+-dependent enzymatic functions. Indirect immunofluorescence has revealed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcium-dependent regulator protein: localization in mitotic apparatus of eukaryotic cells.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 1978 Calcium-dependent regulator protein is a low molecular weight (17,000), thermostable, calcium binding protein which is structurally homologous to skeletal muscle troponin C. This protein is present in all nonmuscle cells and has been shown to decorate stre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sequence homology of the Ca2+-dependent regulator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from rat testis with other Ca2+-binding proteins.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · January 25, 1978 A Ca2+-dependent regulator protein of cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) has previously been isolated from rat testis and shown to be a heat-stable, Ca2+-binding protein with a molecular weight of approximately 17,000. The Ca2+-depende ... Link to item Cite

Mechanisms for the testicular hypertrophy which follows hemicastration.

Journal Article Endocrinology · January 1978 The hormonal and testicular effects of hemicastration have been examined using rodent models. When rats were hemicastrated at 5 days of age, significant testicular hypertrophy was noted within 5 days. Hypertrophy decreased as the age at hemicastration appr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ovalbumin gene: purification of the coding strand.

Journal Article Biochemistry · December 27, 1977 Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization and follicle stimulating hormone activation of Sertoli cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases.

Journal Article Endocrinology · November 1977 The Sertoli cell of the rat testis contains two cytoplasmic forms of adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase, designated as Peak I and Peak II, which change in relative proportion during Sertoli cell maturation. Peak I and Peak ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen induction of plasma vitellogenin in the cockerel: studies with a phosvitin antibody.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 1977 The effects of estrogen on plasma vitellogenin have been studied in the cockerel by immunoprecipitation techniques using an antiserum prepared against the egg yolk phosphoprotein, phosvitin. The antiserum gave precipitin lines of complete identity to phosv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ca2+-dependent regulation of cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase by parvalbumin.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · August 25, 1977 Carp parvalbumin has been shown to activate rat brain phosphodiesterase in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The concentration of Ca2+ required for half-maximal stimulation is 1.4 X 10(-7) M, whereas rat testis Ca2+-dependent regulator (CDR) of phosphodiesterase re ... Link to item Cite

Stability of nuclear triiodothyronine binding sites.

Journal Article Endocrinology · August 1977 Rat liver nuclei have recently been shown to possess limited, high affinity binding sites for triiodothyronine, only a fraction of which are believed to be filled in vivo. We have found that preincubation of nuclei in the absence of added triiodothyronine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Female steroid hormones and lipoprotein synthesis in the cockerel: effects of progesterone and nafoxidine on the estrogenic stimulation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) synthesis.

Journal Article Endocrinology · June 1977 Since progesterone is known to modulate the effects of estradiol in a number of organ systems, we have studied the effects of the two hormones on very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) synthesis in the cockerel. We have also examined the effect of an estroge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biological cross-reactivity of rat testis phosphodiesterase activator protein and rabbit skeletal muscle troponin-C.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · April 10, 1977 Phosphodiesterase activator protein and troponin-C have been purified from rat testis and rabbit skeletal muscle, respectively. The two proteins appear to be structurally distinct since the activator protein migrates faster than troponin-C on sodium dodecy ... Link to item Cite

Characterization of a spectrophotometric assay for cAMP phosphodiesterase.

Journal Article J Cyclic Nucleotide Res · April 1977 The hydrolysis of cAMP can be monitored spectrophotometrically through the conversion of 5' AMP to 5' IMP using a specific 5' AMP amino-hydrolase (EC3.5.4.6). The optical properties and extinction coefficient differences of these compounds have been quanti ... Link to item Cite

Concerning the hormonal regulation of androgen binding protein in rat testis.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 1976 Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured in testis following an acute injection of FSH to ascertain whether this protein could serve as an endpoint marker of FSH action in the Sertoli cell. A single intravenous injection of oFSH (200 mug NIH-S-10) resul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in the cockerel. Effects of estrogen.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · August 1976 The effect of estrogen on the synthesis of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the cockerel was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Synthesis was studied by immunoprecipitation techniques with antisera prepared against VLDL and a major VLDL prote ... Full text Link to item Cite

The ovalbumin gene. Partial purification of the coding strand.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · July 10, 1976 Purified ovalbumin messenger RNA was employed to selectively enrich the concentration of the gene coding for ovalbumin from total chick DNA by molecular hybridization. The coding strand of the ovalbumin gene was partially purified from sheared chick DNA by ... Link to item Cite

Partial purification of a progesterone-inducible messenger RNA (avidin) from hen oviduct.

Journal Article Endocrinology · July 1976 The messenger RNA (mRNA) for avidin, which represents less than 0.05% of the total cellular proteins, was partially purified from hen oviduct, and the presence of avidin mRNA was shown to depend upon prior stimulation by progesterone. A total nucleic acid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Secondary structure of ovalbumin messenger RNA.

Journal Article Biochemistry · May 18, 1976 The secondary structure of highly purified ovalbumin mRNA was studied by automated thermal denaturation techniques and the data were subjected to computer processing. Comparative studies with 20 natural and synthetic model nucleic acids suggested that the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and characterization of the major apolipoprotein from chicken high density lipoproteins.

Journal Article Biochim Biophys Acta · February 20, 1976 High density lipoproteins were isolated from plasma of white Leghorn hens by ultracentrifugal flotation between densities 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml. After delipidation, the lipid-free proteins were fractionated by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 in urea; one m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biochemical actions of follice-stimulating hormone in the sertoli cell of the rat testis.

Journal Article Endocrinology · February 1976 The sequenc of biochemical events associated with the action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the testis has been investigated using a Sertoli cell-enriched testis model system. The Sertoli cell-encriched testis, created by irradiation of male rats ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physical and chemical characterization of purified ovalbumin messenger RNA.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · September 10, 1975 Preparative agarose gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions has been successfully employed to purify large quantities of ovalbumin mRNA from hen oviducts. The mRNA thus prepared is physically homogeneous based on its migration as a single component ... Link to item Cite

Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 1975 Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured during postnatal development in normal and irradiated rats to determine whether development of a blood-testis barrier and formation of a continuous lumen from testis to epididymis is correlated with entry of ABP ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of a specific probe for ovalbumin messenger RNA to quantitate estrogen-induced gene transcripts.

Journal Article Biochemistry · May 20, 1975 DNA complementary to purified ovalbumin messenger RNA (cDNA ov) was synthesized in vitro using RNA-directed DNA olymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus. This cDNAov was then employed in hybridization assays to determine the effect of estrogen on the numb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen induction of ovalbumin mRNA: evidence for transcription control.

Journal Article Mol Cell Biochem · April 30, 1975 Estrogen induces the synthesis and accumulation of the specific messenger RNA for the egg white protein ovalbumin. The messenger RNA has been purified to apparent homogeneity on a preparative scale and utilized to synthesize a radioactive complementary DNA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Steroid hormone regulation of specific messenger RNA and protein synthesis in eucaryotic cells.

Journal Article J Cell Physiol · April 1975 Evidence is presented that the induction of specific proteins in the chick oviduct by the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, involves a primary effect at the level of gene transcription. The intracellular levels of mRNA's which code for the synthe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preparation and preliminary characterization of purified ovalbumin messenger RNA from the hen oviduct.

Journal Article Biochemistry · January 14, 1975 Preparation of milligram amounts of purified ovalbumin mRNA was accomplished by a sequential combination of precise sizing techniques with the selective purification of the poly(A) containing RNA by either affinity chromatography or adsorption to nitrocell ... Full text Link to item Cite

Female steroid hormones and target cell nuclei.

Journal Article Science · February 15, 1974 The data discussed herein demonstrate the great variation in target-tissue response that can occur after administration of steroid hormones. The female sex steroids can exert regulatory effects on the synthesis, activity, and possibly even the degradation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Female steroid hormones and target cell nuclei.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · February 1974 The data discussed herein demonstrate the great variation in target-tissue response that can occur after administration of steroid hormones. The female sex steroids can exert regulatory effects on the synthesis, activity, and possibly even the degradation ... Cite

Synthesis of (3H)DNA complementary to ovalbumin messenger RNA: evidence for limited copies of the ovalbumin gene in chick oviduct.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 1973 Accumulation of ovalbumin messenger RNA in chick oviduct is absolutely dependent upon estrogen. After estrogen treatment, ovalbumin comprises 60-65% of the total oviduct protein. We used maximally stimulated animals to extract and partially purify the oval ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rates of induction of specific translatable messenger RNAs for ovalbumin and avidin by steroid hormones.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 1973 In the chick oviduct, injections of estrogen and progesterone induce synthesis of the specific proteins ovalbumin and avidin, respectively. We have studied the rate of induction of the specific messenger RNA molecules for these proteins after a single inje ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estrogen-induced changes in translation, and specific messenger RNA levels during oviduct differentiation.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · September 1972 Estrogen-induced morphologic differentiation of chick oviduct is accompanied by increases in the total endogenous mRNA activity of oviduct polysomes. Concomitant increases are also noted in ribosome translational capacity and activity of peptide chain init ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ovalbumin messenger RNA of chick oviduct: partial characterization, estrogen dependence, and translation in vitro.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 1972 A rapidly-labeled RNA fraction can be isolated from hen oviduct polysomes that has characteristics of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the cell-specific protein, ovalbumin. This RNA, which sediments in the 8-17S region of sucrose gradients, possesses propertie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of sex steroid action in vitro.

Journal Article Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh) · 1971 Full text Link to item Cite