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Michael Anthony Moody

J. Buren Sidbury Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases
Box 106016 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
Rm 2139, 27 Alexandria Way, Room 2135 / DUMC Box 106016, Durham, NC 27703

Selected Publications


Importance of outbreak response research in bridging knowledge gaps on emerging infectious diseases.

Journal Article BMJ Glob Health · June 4, 2025 An important outcome of the devastating 2014 West African Ebola virus disease outbreak and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has been the growing promotion of conducting research during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) as a valuable and acceptable ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fluorescence-barcoded cell lines stably expressing membrane-anchored influenza neuraminidases.

Journal Article Vaccine · May 22, 2025 The discovery of broadly protective antibodies to the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) has raised interest in NA as a vaccine target. However, recombinant, solubilized tetrameric NA ectodomains are often challenging to express and isolate, hindering the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disease diagnostics using machine learning of B cell and T cell receptor sequences.

Journal Article Science · February 21, 2025 Clinical diagnosis typically incorporates physical examination, patient history, various laboratory tests, and imaging studies but makes limited use of the human immune system's own record of antigen exposures encoded by receptors on B cells and T cells. W ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of a pathogen X tabletop exercise to assess the operational response preparedness of an emerging infectious diseases research network.

Journal Article Front Public Health · 2025 In mid-2020, the Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases (CREID) Network was established to address critical gaps in research expertise and capacity in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). As the Network was established during ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coinfection with HIV-1 skews iNKT cells toward TCR anergy and limited expansion potential in people with hepatitis C.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2025 INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Liver fibrosis progression is more rapid in people with HIV/HCV coinfection compared to HCV monoinfection ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Presentation of Early Syphilis and Genomic Sequences of Treponema pallidum Strains in Patient Specimens and Isolates Obtained by Rabbit Inoculation.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · December 16, 2024 BACKGROUND: The global resurgence of syphilis necessitates vaccine development. METHODS: We collected ulcer exudates and blood from 17 participants with primary syphilis (PS) and skin biopsies and blood from 51 patients with secondary syphilis (SS) in Guan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Circulating HBsAg-specific B cells are partially rescued in chronically HBV-infected patients with functional cure.

Journal Article Emerg Microbes Infect · December 2024 It is well established that humoral immunity targeting hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) plays a critical role in viral clearance and clinical cure. However, the functional changes in HBsAg-specific B cells before and after achieving functional cur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunodominant extracellular loops of Treponema pallidum FadL outer membrane proteins elicit antibodies with opsonic and growth-inhibitory activities.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · December 2024 The global resurgence of syphilis has created a potent stimulus for vaccine development. To identify potentially protective antibodies against Treponema pallidum (TPA), we used Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx) to display extracellular loops (ECLs) f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spatiotemporal control of immune responses with nucleic acid cocktail vaccine.

Journal Article Adv Ther (Weinh) · November 2024 Nucleic acid vaccines play important roles in prevention and treatment of diseases. However, limited immunogenicity remains a major obstacle for DNA vaccine applications in the clinic. To address the issue, the present study investigates a cocktail approac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and genomic diversity of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum to inform vaccine research: an international, molecular epidemiology study.

Journal Article Lancet Microbe · September 2024 BACKGROUND: The increase in syphilis rates worldwide necessitates development of a vaccine with global efficacy. We aimed to explore Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (TPA) molecular epidemiology essential for vaccine research by analysing clinical da ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Hepatitis B Virus Point-of-care DNA Viral Load Testing Compared With Laboratory-based Standard-of-care Approaches on Uptake of HBV Viral Load Testing, Treatment, and Turnaround Times: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2024 BACKGROUND: Point-of-care (PoC) hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load (VL) assays represent an alternative to laboratory-based standard-of-care (SoC) VL assays to accelerate diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the impact of using PoC versus SoC approach ... Full text Link to item Cite

A HIV-1 Gp41 Peptide-Liposome Vaccine Elicits Neutralizing Epitope-Targeted Antibody Responses in Healthy Individuals.

Journal Article medRxiv · March 18, 2024 BACKGROUND: HIV-1 vaccine development is a global health priority. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) which target the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) have some of the highest neutralization breadth. An MPER peptide-liposome vaccin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaccine induction of CD4-mimicking HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in macaques.

Journal Article Cell · January 4, 2024 The CD4-binding site (CD4bs) is a conserved epitope on HIV-1 envelope (Env) that can be targeted by protective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). HIV-1 vaccines have not elicited CD4bs bnAbs for many reasons, including the occlusion of CD4bs by glyca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lessons From COVID-19 for Pandemic Preparedness: Proceedings From a Multistakeholder Think Tank.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · December 15, 2023 While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present global challenges, sufficient time has passed to reflect on lessons learned and use those insights to inform policy and approaches to prepare for the next pandemic. In May 2022, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conjugation of HIV-1 envelope to hepatitis B surface antigen alters vaccine responses in rhesus macaques.

Journal Article NPJ Vaccines · November 24, 2023 An effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a critical unmet need for ending the AIDS epidemic. Vaccine trials conducted to date have suggested the need to increase the durability and functionality of vaccine-elicited antibodies to improve efficacy. We hypothesized ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Transient inhibition of lysosomal functions potentiates nucleic acid vaccines.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 31, 2023 Nucleic acid vaccines have shown promising results in the clinic against infectious diseases and cancers. To robustly improve the vaccine efficacy and safety, we developed an approach to increase the intracellular stability of nucleic acids by transiently ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial.

Journal Article Nat Med · September 2023 Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal SHIV infection in rhesus macaques elicited heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Cell Rep · March 28, 2023 Infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 have been shown to develop neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against heterologous HIV-1 strains, characteristic of broadly nAbs (bnAbs). Thus, having a neonatal model for the induction of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Belimumab use during pregnancy: Interim results of the belimumab pregnancy registry.

Journal Article Birth Defects Res · January 15, 2023 BACKGROUND: Belimumab is approved for active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, but limited data exist regarding its use in pregnancy. The Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR, GSK Study BEL114256; NCT01532310) was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques

Conference Frontiers in Immunology · January 1, 2023 Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a common pre-clinical model used to test HIV vaccine efficacy and passive immunization strategies. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent the Fc-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions impacting antiviral activities of antibodies in RMs re ... Full text Cite

Case Report: Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children with complete DiGeorge anomaly.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2023 Children with complete DiGeorge anomaly (cDGA) have congenital athymia, resulting in severe T cell immunodeficiency and susceptibility to a broad range of infections. We report the clinical course, immunologic phenotypes, treatment, and outcomes of three c ... Full text Link to item Cite

H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to seasonal influenza strains are important surrogates for vaccine-elicited protection. However, HAI assays can be variable across labs, with low sensitivity across diverse viruses due to lack ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Epivolve phage display to generate a monoclonal antibody with opsonic activity directed against a subdominant epitope on extracellular loop 4 of Treponema pallidum BamA (TP0326).

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum (Tp), is resurging globally. Tp's repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) includes BamA (β-barrel assembly machinery subunit A/TP0326), a bipartite pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multivariate analysis of FcR-mediated NK cell functions identifies unique clustering among humans and rhesus macaques.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2023 Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a common pre-clinical model used to test HIV vaccine efficacy and passive immunization strategies. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent the Fc-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions impacting antiviral activities of antibodies in RMs re ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Defining genetic diversity of rhesus macaque Fcγ receptors with long-read RNA sequencing.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2023 Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound glycoproteins that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) constant regions of IgG antibodies. Interactions between IgG immune complexes and FcγRs can initiate signal transduction that mediates important components ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infant Antibody Repertoires during the First Two Years of Influenza Vaccination.

Journal Article mBio · December 20, 2022 The first encounter with influenza virus biases later immune responses. This "immune imprinting," formerly from infection within a few years of birth, is in the United States now largely from immunization with a quadrivalent, split vaccine (IIV4 [quadrival ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self-assembling peptide nanofiber HIV vaccine elicits robust vaccine-induced antibody functions and modulates Fc glycosylation.

Journal Article Sci Adv · September 23, 2022 To develop vaccines for certain key global pathogens such as HIV, it is crucial to elicit both neutralizing and non-neutralizing Fc-mediated effector antibody functions. Clinical evidence indicates that non-neutralizing antibody functions including antibod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stabilized HIV-1 envelope immunization induces neutralizing antibodies to the CD4bs and protects macaques against mucosal infection.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · September 7, 2022 A successful HIV-1 vaccine will require induction of a polyclonal neutralizing antibody (nAb) response, yet vaccine-mediated induction of such a response in primates remains a challenge. We found that a stabilized HIV-1 CH505 envelope (Env) trimer formulat ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Infants' diminished response to DTaP vaccine is associated with exposure to organophosphate esters.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · September 1, 2022 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly applied as flame retardants and plasticizers. Toxicological studies suggest exposure effects on immune endpoints, raising concerns as infants' OPE exposures are elevated compared to older children and adults due t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular Loops of the Treponema pallidum FadL Orthologs TP0856 and TP0858 Elicit IgG Antibodies and IgG+-Specific B-Cells in the Rabbit Model of Experimental Syphilis.

Journal Article mBio · August 30, 2022 The resurgence of syphilis in the new millennium has called attention to the importance of a vaccine for global containment strategies. Studies with immune rabbit serum (IRS) indicate that a syphilis vaccine should elicit antibodies (Abs) that promote opso ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-Related Changes in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Are Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Symptoms Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · August 24, 2022 BACKGROUND: Children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and typically have milder illness courses than adults, but the factors underlying these age-associated differences are not well understood. The upper respiratory microbiome undergoes substan ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Frequent Development of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Life in a Large Cohort of Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · May 16, 2022 BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in children may develop earlier after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to adults. METHODS: We evaluated plasma from 212 antiretroviral therapy-naive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Children With Asthma.

Journal Article Pediatrics · April 1, 2022 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Asthma is considered a precaution for use of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) in persons aged ≥5 years because of concerns for wheezing events. We evaluated the safety of LAIV4 in children with asthma, compa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 2, 2021 BACKGROUND: Child with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection typically have mild symptoms that do not require medical attention, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses that the vi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Assessment of Simulated Surveillance Testing and Quarantine in a SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated Population of Students on a University Campus.

Journal Article JAMA Health Forum · October 2021 IMPORTANCE: The importance of surveillance testing and quarantine on university campuses to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be reevaluated in the context of a complex and rapidly changing environment that includes vaccines, variants, and waning immu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents.

Journal Article JCI Insight · September 8, 2021 As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, questions have emerged regarding the strength and durability of immune responses in specific populations. In this study, we evaluated humoral immune responses in 69 children and adolescents with asymptomatic or m ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Cell · August 5, 2021 SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SA ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

HIV envelope antigen valency on peptide nanofibers modulates antibody magnitude and binding breadth.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 14, 2021 A major challenge in developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is the genetic diversity of its viral envelope. Because of the broad range of sequences exhibited by HIV-1 strains, protective antibodies must be able to bind and neutralize a widely mutate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 8, 2021 Immune memory of a first infection with influenza virus establishes a lasting imprint. Recall of that memory dominates the response to later infections or vaccinations by antigenically drifted strains. Early childhood immunization before infection may leav ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structural and genetic convergence of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated non-human primates.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · June 2021 A primary goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the consistent elicitation of protective, neutralizing antibodies. While highly similar neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been isolated from multiple HIV-infected individuals, it is unclear whether vaccinati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies.

Journal Article Cell · May 27, 2021 Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. We studied the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope (Env) as a model antigen. 2G12 is a broadly neutralizing Ab (b ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents.

Journal Article medRxiv · April 20, 2021 As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, questions have emerged regarding the strength and durability of immune responses in specific populations. In this study, we evaluated humoral immune responses in 69 children and adolescents with asymptomatic or m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related changes in the upper respiratory microbiome are associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and illness severity.

Journal Article medRxiv · March 23, 2021 UNLABELLED: Children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and typically have milder illness courses than adults. We studied the nasopharyngeal microbiomes of 274 children, adolescents, and young adults with SARS-CoV-2 exposure using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Broad neutralization of H1 and H3 viruses by adjuvanted influenza HA stem vaccines in nonhuman primates.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · March 3, 2021 Seasonal influenza vaccines confer protection against specific viral strains but have restricted breadth that limits their protective efficacy. The H1 and H3 subtypes of influenza A virus cause most of the seasonal epidemics observed in humans and are the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaccine Development: Steps to Approval of an Investigational Vaccine.

Journal Article North Carolina medical journal · March 2021 Full text Cite

The functions of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies in vitro and in mice and nonhuman primates.

Journal Article bioRxiv · February 18, 2021 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recapitulation of HIV-1 Env-antibody coevolution in macaques leading to neutralization breadth.

Journal Article Science · January 8, 2021 Neutralizing antibodies elicited by HIV-1 coevolve with viral envelope proteins (Env) in distinctive patterns, in some cases acquiring substantial breadth. We report that primary HIV-1 envelope proteins-when expressed by simian-human immunodeficiency virus ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Functional Homology for Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Across Humans and Rhesus Macaques.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2021 Analyses of human clinical HIV-1 vaccine trials and preclinical vaccine studies performed in rhesus macaque (RM) models have identified associations between non-neutralizing Fc Receptor (FcR)-dependent antibody effector functions and reduced risk of infect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Different adjuvanted pediatric HIV envelope vaccines induced distinct plasma antibody responses despite similar B cell receptor repertoires in infant rhesus macaques.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2021 Different HIV vaccine regimens elicit distinct plasma antibody responses in both human and nonhuman primate models. Previous studies in human and non-human primate infants showed that adjuvants influenced the quality of plasma antibody responses induced by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structure and Fc-Effector Function of Rhesusized Variants of Human Anti-HIV-1 IgG1s.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2021 Passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of human origin into Non-Human Primates (NHPs), especially those which function predominantly by a Fc-effector mechanism, requires an a priori preparation step, in which the human mAb is reengineered to an e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of a Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a College Campus - Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2-October 11, 2020.

Journal Article MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep · November 20, 2020 On university campuses and in similar congregate environments, surveillance testing of asymptomatic persons is a critical strategy (1,2) for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All students at D ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study.

Journal Article medRxiv · September 1, 2020 BACKGROUND: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection typically have mild symptoms that do not require medical attention, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spectrum of illnesses that the virus causes in children. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recognition Patterns of the C1/C2 Epitopes Involved in Fc-Mediated Response in HIV-1 Natural Infection and the RV114 Vaccine Trial.

Journal Article mBio · June 30, 2020 Antibodies (Abs) specific for CD4-induced envelope (Env) epitopes within constant region 1 and 2 (C1/C2) were induced in the RV144 vaccine trial, where antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection. We comb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of Neutralizing Responses against Autologous Virus in Maternal HIV Vaccine Trials.

Journal Article mSphere · June 3, 2020 A maternal vaccine capable of boosting neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses directed against circulating viruses in HIV-infected pregnant women could effectively decrease mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, it is not known if an HIV envelope (En ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques.

Journal Article NPJ Vaccines · May 8, 2020 Despite incredible scientific efforts, there is no cure for HIV infection. While antiretroviral treatment (ART) can help control the virus and prevent transmission, it cannot eradicate HIV from viral reservoirs established before the initiation of therapy. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maternal Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Can Select for Neutralization-Resistant, Infant-Transmitted/Founder HIV Variants.

Journal Article mBio · March 10, 2020 Each year, >180,000 infants become infected via mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV despite the availability of effective maternal antiretroviral treatments, underlining the need for a maternal HIV vaccine. We characterized 224 maternal HIV envelope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design.

Journal Article Clin Ther · March 2020 PURPOSE: The field of HIV-1 vaccinology has evolved during the last 30 years from the first viral vector HIV gene insert constructs to vaccination regimens using a myriad of strategies. These strategies now include germline-targeting, lineage-based, and st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune checkpoint modulation enhances HIV-1 antibody induction.

Journal Article Nat Commun · February 19, 2020 Eliciting protective titers of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development, but current vaccine strategies have yet to induce bnAbs in humans. Many bnAbs isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals are encoded by immun ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Have Distinct Immune Cell Transcriptional Profiles following HIV Envelope Immunization.

Journal Article Cell Rep · February 4, 2020 HIV-1-infected infants develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) more rapidly than adults, suggesting differences in the neonatal versus adult responses to the HIV-1 envelope (Env). Here, trimeric forms of HIV-1 Env immunogens elicit increased gp120- ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Aberrant B cell repertoire selection associated with HIV neutralizing antibody breadth.

Journal Article Nat Immunol · February 2020 A goal of HIV vaccine development is to elicit antibodies with neutralizing breadth. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV often have unusual sequences with long heavy-chain complementarity-determining region loops, high somatic mutation rates and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency.

Journal Article J Virol · January 31, 2020 Induction of protective antibodies is a critical goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. One strategy is to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) that kill virus-infected cells, as these antibody specificities have been implicated in slowing HIV-1 disease p ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV vaccine delayed boosting increases Env variable region 2-specific antibody effector functions.

Journal Article JCI Insight · January 30, 2020 In the RV144 HIV-1 phase III trial, vaccine efficacy directly correlated with the magnitude of the variable region 2-specific (V2-specific) IgG antibody response, and in the presence of low plasma IgA levels, with the magnitude of plasma antibody-dependent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques.

Journal Article NPJ Vaccines · 2020 Despite incredible scientific efforts, there is no cure for HIV infection. While antiretroviral treatment (ART) can help control the virus and prevent transmission, it cannot eradicate HIV from viral reservoirs established before the initiation of therapy. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaccine Development

Chapter · August 15, 2019 Genomic and Precision Medicine: Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders, Third Edition, provides current clinical solutions on the application of genome discovery on a broad spectrum of disease categories in IMD - including asthma, obesity and ... ... Cite

HLA class II-Restricted CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 Virus Controllers.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 15, 2019 A paradigm shifting study demonstrated that induction of MHC class E and II-restricted CD8+ T cells was associated with the clearance of SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Another recent study highlighted the presence of HIV-1-specific class II-restricted C ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Early Development of Three MPER-Directed Neutralizing Antibody Lineages from an HIV-1-Infected Individual.

Journal Article Immunity · March 19, 2019 Lineage-based vaccine design is an attractive approach for eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1. However, most bNAb lineages studied to date have features indicative of unusual recombination and/or development. From an individual ... Full text Link to item Cite

Right-sided endocarditis from Staphylococcus lugdunensis in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.

Journal Article Infect Dis Rep · February 26, 2019 Infective endocarditis is often caused by bacterial pathogens and can affect native and prosthetic tissue. Common pathogens in pediatric patients include Staphylococcus aureus, viridans group streptococci, enterococcal species and coagulase-negative staphy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influenza and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2019 Despite the availability of yearly vaccinations, influenza continues to cause seasonal, and pandemic rises in illness and death. An error prone replication mechanism results in antigenic drift and viral escape from immune pressure, and recombination result ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inference of the HIV-1 VRC01 Antibody Lineage Unmutated Common Ancestor Reveals Alternative Pathways to Overcome a Key Glycan Barrier.

Journal Article Immunity · December 18, 2018 Elicitation of VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is an appealing approach for a preventative HIV-1 vaccine. Despite extensive investigations, strategies to induce VRC01-class bnAbs and overcome the barrier posed by the envelope N276 glyca ... Full text Link to item Cite

V2-Directed Vaccine-like Antibodies from HIV-1 Infection Identify an Additional K169-Binding Light Chain Motif with Broad ADCC Activity.

Journal Article Cell Rep · December 11, 2018 Antibodies that bind residue K169 in the V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope correlated with reduced risk of infection in the RV144 vaccine trial but were restricted to two ED-motif-encoding light chain genes. Here, we identify an HIV-infected donor with high- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Journal Article Vaccine · October 8, 2018 OBJECTIVE: Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertusiss (Tdap) vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy, regardless of prior receipt. Data on reactogenicity and immunogenicity, particularly after repeated Tdap, are limited. We com ... Full text Link to item Cite

RAB11FIP5 Expression and Altered Natural Killer Cell Function Are Associated with Induction of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses.

Journal Article Cell · October 4, 2018 HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are difficult to induce with vaccines but are generated in ∼50% of HIV-1-infected individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host control of bnAb induction is critical to vaccine design. Here, we pe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Macaque SHIV Induction of 2G12-like Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · October 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Intra-seasonal antibody repertoire analysis of a subject immunized with an MF59®-adjuvanted pandemic 2009 H1N1 vaccine.

Journal Article Vaccine · August 23, 2018 During the height of the 2009 H1N1 swine-derived influenza pandemic, a clinical trial was conducted in which seven subjects were immunized using a monovalent, MF59®-adjuvanted vaccine, developed from an egg-passaged candidate vaccine virus (CVV), A/Califor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structure of influenza hemagglutinin antibody from Rhesus Macaque with disulfide bond in its CDRH3

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 19, 2018 Link to item Cite

Strength through Organization: Classifying Antibody Activity against EBOV.

Journal Article Cell Host Microbe · August 8, 2018 In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe and in a related Cell paper, works by Gunn et al. (2018) and Saphire et al. (2018) describe a large number of monoclonal antibodies against Ebola virus (EBOV) and correlate their activity with in vivo protection. ... Full text Link to item Cite

A CD4-mimetic compound enhances vaccine efficacy against stringent immunodeficiency virus challenge.

Journal Article Nat Commun · June 18, 2018 The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)3) mediates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into cells. The "closed," antibody-resistant Env trimer is driven to more open conformations by binding the host receptor, CD4. Broadly neutralizing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses.

Journal Article J Exp Med · June 4, 2018 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are required to develop germinal center (GC) responses and drive immunoglobulin class switch, affinity maturation, and long-term B cell memory. In this study, we characterize a recently developed vaccine platform, nucleoside ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1-Specific IgA Monoclonal Antibodies from an HIV-1 Vaccinee Mediate Galactosylceramide Blocking and Phagocytosis.

Journal Article J Virol · April 1, 2018 Vaccine-elicited humoral immune responses comprise an array of antibody forms and specificities, with only a fraction contributing to protective host immunity. Elucidation of antibody effector functions responsible for protective immunity against human imm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional interrogation and mining of natively paired human VH:VL antibody repertoires.

Journal Article Nat Biotechnol · February 2018 We present a technology to screen millions of B cells for natively paired human antibody repertoires. Libraries of natively paired, variable region heavy and light (VH:VL) amplicons are expressed in a yeast display platform that is optimized for human Fab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conserved epitope on influenza-virus hemagglutinin head defined by a vaccine-induced antibody.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 2, 2018 Circulating influenza viruses evade neutralization in their human hosts by acquiring escape mutations at epitopes of prevalent antibodies. A goal for next-generation influenza vaccines is to reduce escape likelihood by selectively eliciting antibodies reco ... Full text Link to item Cite

IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells.

Journal Article Commun Biol · 2018 HIV continues to be a major global health issue. In spite of successful prevention interventions and treatment methods, the development of an HIV vaccine remains a major priority for the field and would be the optimal strategy to prevent new infections. We ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Vaccine Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies in Animal Models.

Journal Article Cell Rep · December 26, 2017 The events required for the induction of broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) following HIV-1 envelope (Env) vaccination are unknown, and their induction in animal models as proof of concept would be critical. Here, we describe the induction of plasma ant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations.

Journal Article Nat Commun · November 23, 2017 A strategy for HIV-1 vaccine development is to define envelope (Env) evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in infection and to recreate those events by vaccination. Here, we report host tolerance mechanisms that limit the development of CD4- ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques.

Journal Article J Virol · November 1, 2017 Dominant antibody responses in vaccinees who received the HIV-1 multiclade (A, B, and C) envelope (Env) DNA/recombinant adenovirus virus type 5 (rAd5) vaccine studied in HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) efficacy trial 505 (HVTN 505) targeted Env gp41 an ... Full text Link to item Cite

DEVELOPMENT OF A NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT RHESUS MACAQUES

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE · November 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Monoclonal Antibodies, Derived from Humans Vaccinated with the RV144 HIV Vaccine Containing the HVEM Binding Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D, Neutralize HSV Infection, Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, and Protect Mice from Ocular Challenge with HSV-1.

Journal Article J Virol · October 1, 2017 The RV144 HIV vaccine trial included a recombinant HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) construct fused to a small portion of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) so that the first 40 amino acids of gp120 were replaced by the signal sequence and the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Poxvirus Vector Priming, Protein Coadministration, and Vaccine Intervals on HIV gp120 Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Magnitude and Function in Infant Macaques.

Journal Article Clin Vaccine Immunol · October 2017 Despite success in reducing vertical HIV transmission by maternal antiretroviral therapy, several obstacles limit its efficacy during breastfeeding, and breast-milk transmission is now the dominant mode of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in infa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge.

Journal Article Nat Commun · June 8, 2017 The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parental Approach to the Prevention and Management of Fever and Pain Following Childhood Immunizations: A Survey Study.

Journal Article Clin Pediatr (Phila) · May 2017 Antipyretic analgesics are commonly used to prevent and treat adverse events following immunizations. Current practice discourages routine use due to possible blunting of vaccine immune responses. We surveyed 150 parents/caregivers of recently vaccinated 6 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasmablast Response to Primary Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in a Monkey Model of Congenital CMV Transmission.

Journal Article Clin Vaccine Immunol · May 2017 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide and the leading infectious cause of neurologic deficits and hearing loss in newborns. Development of a maternal HCMV vaccine to prevent vertical virus transmission is a high pri ... Full text Link to item Cite

T-bet+ B cells are induced by human viral infections and dominate the HIV gp140 response.

Journal Article JCI Insight · April 20, 2017 Humoral immunity is critical for viral control, but the identity and mechanisms regulating human antiviral B cells are unclear. Here, we characterized human B cells expressing T-bet and analyzed their dynamics during viral infections. T-bet+ B cells demons ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of the Envelope gp120 Phe 43 Cavity on HIV-1 Sensitivity to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Responses.

Journal Article J Virol · April 1, 2017 HIV-1-infected cells presenting envelope glycoproteins (Env) in the CD4-bound conformation on their surface are preferentially targeted by antibody-dependent cellular-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to avoid the exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Staged induction of HIV-1 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · March 15, 2017 A preventive HIV-1 vaccine should induce HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, bnAbs generally require high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) to acquire breadth, and current vaccine strategies have not been successful in indu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mimicry of an HIV broadly neutralizing antibody epitope with a synthetic glycopeptide.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · March 15, 2017 A goal for an HIV-1 vaccine is to overcome virus variability by inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). One key target of bnAbs is the glycan-polypeptide at the base of the envelope (Env) third variable loop (V3). We have designed and synthesized ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaccine Elicitation of High Mannose-Dependent Neutralizing Antibodies against the V3-Glycan Broadly Neutralizing Epitope in Nonhuman Primates.

Journal Article Cell Rep · February 28, 2017 Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that target HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. A bnAb target is the Env third variable loop (V3)-glycan site. To determine whether immunization could induce antibodies to the V3 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunodominance of Antibody Recognition of the HIV Envelope V2 Region in Ig-Humanized Mice.

Journal Article J Immunol · February 1, 2017 In the RV144 gp120 HIV vaccine trial, decreased transmission risk was correlated with Abs that reacted with a linear epitope at a lysine residue at position 169 (K169) in the HIV-1 envelope (Env) V2 region. The K169 V2 response was restricted to Abs bearin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Boosting of HIV envelope CD4 binding site antibodies with long variable heavy third complementarity determining region in the randomized double blind RV305 HIV-1 vaccine trial.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · February 2017 UNLABELLED: The canary pox vector and gp120 vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120) in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial conferred an estimated 31% vaccine efficacy. Although the vaccine Env AE.A244 gp120 is antigenic for the unmutated common ancestor of V1V ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma.

Journal Article Sci Immunol · January 27, 2017 Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Antibody 10E8, reactive with the distal portion of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, is broadly neutralizing. However, the ontogeny of di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Immunol Rev · January 2017 Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of inhibiting infection with diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a key, as-yet-unachieved goal of prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine strategies. However, some HIV-infected ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunogenicity of a novel Clade B HIV-1 vaccine combination: Results of phase 1 randomized placebo controlled trial of an HIV-1 GM-CSF-expressing DNA prime with a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine boost in healthy HIV-1 uninfected adults.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2017 BACKGROUND: A phase 1 trial of a clade B HIV vaccine in HIV-uninfected adults evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a DNA prime co-expressing GM-CSF (Dg) followed by different numbers and intervals of modified vaccinia Ankara Boosts (M). Both vaccines ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 Envelope Mimicry of Host Enzyme Kynureninase Does Not Disrupt Tryptophan Metabolism.

Journal Article J Immunol · December 15, 2016 The HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) has evolved to subvert the host immune system, hindering viral control by the host. The tryptophan metabolic enzyme kynureninase (KYNU) is mimicked by a portion of the HIV Env gp41 membrane proximal region (MPER) and is cro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tissue memory B cell repertoire analysis after ALVAC/AIDSVAX B/E gp120 immunization of rhesus macaques.

Journal Article JCI Insight · December 8, 2016 The ALVAC prime/ALVAC + AIDSVAX B/E boost RV144 vaccine trial induced an estimated 31% efficacy in a low-risk cohort where HIV‑1 exposures were likely at mucosal surfaces. An immune correlates study demonstrated that antibodies targeting the V2 region and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influenza immunization elicits antibodies specific for an egg-adapted vaccine strain.

Journal Article Nat Med · December 2016 For broad protection against infection by viruses such as influenza or HIV, vaccines should elicit antibodies that bind conserved viral epitopes, such as the receptor-binding site (RBS). RBS-directed antibodies have been described for both HIV and influenz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amino Acid Changes in the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal Region Control Virus Neutralization Sensitivity.

Journal Article EBioMedicine · October 2016 Most HIV-1 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies that are active against highly sensitive (tier-1) viruses or rare cases of vaccine-matched neutralization-resistant (tier-2) viruses, but no vaccine has induced antibodies that can broadly neutralize heter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of antipyretic analgesics on immune responses to vaccination.

Journal Article Hum Vaccin Immunother · September 2016 While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate vaccine adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. Our objective was to review literature evaluating the effect of antipyretic analgesics on vaccine imm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody-Mediated Internalization of Infectious HIV-1 Virions Differs among Antibody Isotypes and Subclasses.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · August 2016 Emerging data support a role for antibody Fc-mediated antiviral activity in vaccine efficacy and in the control of HIV-1 replication by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-mediated virus internalization is an Fc-mediated function that may act at the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune perturbations in HIV-1-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Sci Immunol · July 29, 2016 Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. bnAbs occur in some HIV-1-infected individuals and frequently have characteristics of autoantibodies. We have studied cohorts of HIV-1-infected individuals who mad ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rhesus macaque model of Asian-lineage Zika virus infection.

Journal Article Nat Commun · June 28, 2016 Infection with Asian-lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Animal models of infection are thus urgently needed. Here we show that rhesus m ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Therapeutic Antibody for Cancer, Derived from Single Human B Cells.

Journal Article Cell Rep · May 17, 2016 Some patients with cancer never develop metastasis, and their host response might provide cues for innovative treatment strategies. We previously reported an association between autoantibodies against complement factor H (CFH) and early-stage lung cancer. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Combined HIV-1 Envelope Systemic and Mucosal Immunization of Lactating Rhesus Monkeys Induces a Robust Immunoglobulin A Isotype B Cell Response in Breast Milk.

Journal Article J Virol · May 15, 2016 UNLABELLED: Maternal vaccination to induce anti-HIV immune factors in breast milk is a potential intervention to prevent postnatal HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We previously demonstrated that immunization of lactating rhesus monkeys with a mo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Antibodies Elicited by Multiple Envelope Glycoprotein Immunogens in Primates Neutralize Primary Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1) Sensitized by CD4-Mimetic Compounds.

Journal Article J Virol · May 15, 2016 UNLABELLED: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) mediate virus entry through a series of complex conformational changes triggered by binding to the receptors CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4. Broadly neutralizing antibodies that recogniz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Initiation of immune tolerance-controlled HIV gp41 neutralizing B cell lineages.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · April 27, 2016 Development of an HIV vaccine is a global priority. A major roadblock to a vaccine is an inability to induce protective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). HIV gp41 bnAbs have characteristics that predispose them to be controlled by tolerance. We used ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maturation Pathway from Germline to Broad HIV-1 Neutralizer of a CD4-Mimic Antibody.

Journal Article Cell · April 7, 2016 Antibodies with ontogenies from VH1-2 or VH1-46-germline genes dominate the broadly neutralizing response against the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on HIV-1. Here, we define with longitudinal sampling from time-of-infection the development of a VH1-46-derived a ... Full text Link to item Cite

The function and affinity maturation of HIV-1 gp120-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from colostral B cells.

Journal Article Mucosal Immunol · March 2016 Despite the risk of transmitting HIV-1, mothers in resource-poor areas are encouraged to breastfeed their infants because of beneficial immunologic and nutritional factors in milk. Interestingly, in the absence of antiretroviral prophylaxis, the overwhelmi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interrogation of individual intratumoral B lymphocytes from lung cancer patients for molecular target discovery.

Journal Article Cancer Immunol Immunother · February 2016 Intratumoral B lymphocytes are an integral part of the lung tumor microenvironment. Interrogation of the antibodies they express may improve our understanding of the host response to cancer and could be useful in elucidating novel molecular targets. We use ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Structural Constraints of Vaccine-Induced Tier-2 Autologous HIV Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site.

Journal Article Cell Rep · January 5, 2016 Antibodies that neutralize autologous transmitted/founder (TF) HIV occur in most HIV-infected individuals and can evolve to neutralization breadth. Autologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against neutralization-resistant (Tier-2) viruses are rarely induc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunogenic Stimulus for Germline Precursors of Antibodies that Engage the Influenza Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site.

Journal Article Cell Rep · December 29, 2015 Influenza-virus antigenicity evolves to escape host immune protection. Antibody lineages within individuals evolve in turn to increase affinity and hence potency. Strategies for a "universal" influenza vaccine to elicit lineages that escape this evolutiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting proteins direct T cell-mediated cytolysis of latently HIV-infected cells.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · November 2, 2015 Enhancement of HIV-specific immunity is likely required to eliminate latent HIV infection. Here, we have developed an immunotherapeutic modality aimed to improve T cell-mediated clearance of HIV-1-infected cells. Specifically, we employed Dual-Affinity Re- ... Full text Link to item Cite

A systematic review of syphilis serological treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons: rethinking the significance of serological non-responsiveness and the serofast state after therapy.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · October 28, 2015 BACKGROUND: Syphilis remains a global public health threat and can lead to severe complications. In addition to resolution of clinical manifestations, a reduction in nontreponemal antibody titers after treatment is regarded as "proof of cure." However, som ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Antigenic Sequences and Sites from Intra-Host Evolution (LASSIE) Identifies Immune-Selected HIV Variants.

Journal Article Viruses · October 21, 2015 Within-host genetic sequencing from samples collected over time provides a dynamic view of how viruses evade host immunity. Immune-driven mutations might stimulate neutralization breadth by selecting antibodies adapted to cycles of immune escape that gener ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strain-Specific V3 and CD4 Binding Site Autologous HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Select Neutralization-Resistant Viruses.

Journal Article Cell Host Microbe · September 9, 2015 The third variable (V3) loop and the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV-1 envelope are frequently targeted by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in infected individuals. In chronic infection, HIV-1 escape mutants repopulate the plasma, and V3 and CD4bs nAbs e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid Development of gp120-Focused Neutralizing B Cell Responses during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of African Green Monkeys.

Journal Article J Virol · September 2015 UNLABELLED: The initial phases of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may be critical for development of effective envelope (Env)-specific antibodies capable of impeding the establishment of the latent pool of HIV-1-infected CD4(+) ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 VACCINES. Diversion of HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity by gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies.

Journal Article Science · August 14, 2015 An HIV-1 DNA prime vaccine, with a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) boost, failed to protect from HIV-1 acquisition. We studied the nature of the vaccine-induced antibody (Ab) response to HIV-1 envelope (Env). HIV-1-reactive plasma Ab titers were highe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · August 2015 HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective, t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Maternal HIV-1 envelope-specific antibody responses and reduced risk of perinatal transmission.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · July 1, 2015 Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral drugs, more than 250,000 infants are vertically infected with HIV-1 annually, emphasizing the need for additional interventions to eliminate pediatric HIV-1 infections. Here, we aimed to define humoral immune ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation.

Journal Article Protein Sci · June 2015 Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the mean ... Full text Link to item Cite

Viral receptor-binding site antibodies with diverse germline origins.

Journal Article Cell · May 21, 2015 Vaccines for rapidly evolving pathogens will confer lasting immunity if they elicit antibodies recognizing conserved epitopes, such as a receptor-binding site (RBS). From characteristics of an influenza-virus RBS-directed antibody, we devised a signature m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibodies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.

Journal Article Curr Opin HIV AIDS · May 2015 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis can reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 to less than 2%, one-quarter of a million infants continue to be infected with HIV-1 annually. ARV prophylaxis alone will fail to eliminate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Key mutations stabilize antigen-binding conformation during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza antibody lineage.

Journal Article Proteins · April 2015 Affinity maturation, the process in which somatic hypermutation and positive selection generate antibodies with increasing affinity for an antigen, is pivotal in acquired humoral immunity. We have studied the mechanism of affinity gain in a human B-cell li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Key mutations stabilize antigen-binding conformation during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza antibody lineage

Journal Article Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · April 1, 2015 Affinity maturation, the process in which somatic hypermutation and positive selection generate antibodies with increasing affinity for an antigen, is pivotal in acquired humoral immunity. We have studied the mechanism of affinity gain in a human B-cell li ... Full text Cite

Restricted isotype, distinct variable gene usage, and high rate of gp120 specificity of HIV-1 envelope-specific B cells in colostrum compared with those in blood of HIV-1-infected, lactating African women.

Journal Article Mucosal Immunol · March 2015 Featured Publication A successful HIV-1 vaccine must elicit immune responses that impede mucosal virus transmission, though functional roles of protective HIV-1 Envelope (Env)-specific mucosal antibodies remain unclear. Colostrum is a rich source of readily accessible mucosal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infant HIV type 1 gp120 vaccination elicits robust and durable anti-V1V2 immunoglobulin G responses and only rare envelope-specific immunoglobulin A responses.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · February 15, 2015 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Infant responses to vaccines can be impeded by maternal antibodies and immune system immaturity. It is therefore unclear whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccination would elicit similar responses in adults and infants. METHO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody light-chain-restricted recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial is phylogenetically conserved.

Journal Article Immunity · December 18, 2014 Featured Publication In HIV-1, the ability to mount antibody responses to conserved, neutralizing epitopes is critical for protection. Here we have studied the light chain usage of human and rhesus macaque antibodies targeted to a dominant region of the HIV-1 envelope second v ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunoglobulin gene insertions and deletions in the affinity maturation of HIV-1 broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Cell Host Microbe · September 10, 2014 Featured Publication Induction of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development but has remained challenging partially due to unusual traits of bnAbs, including high somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequencies and in-frame insertions and deleti ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 envelope gp41 antibodies can originate from terminal ileum B cells that share cross-reactivity with commensal bacteria.

Journal Article Cell Host Microbe · August 13, 2014 Featured Publication Monoclonal antibodies derived from blood plasma cells of acute HIV-1-infected individuals are predominantly targeted to the HIV Env gp41 and cross-reactive with commensal bacteria. To understand this phenomenon, we examined anti-HIV responses in ileum B ce ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cooperation of B cell lineages in induction of HIV-1-broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Cell · July 31, 2014 Featured Publication Development of strategies for induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by vaccines is a priority. Determining the steps of bnAb induction in HIV-1-infected individuals who make bnAbs is a key strategy for immunogen design. Here, we study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human responses to influenza vaccination show seroconversion signatures and convergent antibody rearrangements.

Journal Article Cell Host Microbe · July 9, 2014 Featured Publication B cells produce a diverse antibody repertoire by undergoing gene rearrangements. Pathogen exposure induces the clonal expansion of B cells expressing antibodies that can bind the infectious agent. To assess human B cell responses to trivalent seasonal infl ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 vaccine-induced C1 and V2 Env-specific antibodies synergize for increased antiviral activities.

Journal Article J Virol · July 2014 Featured Publication The RV144 ALVAC/AIDSVax HIV-1 vaccine clinical trial showed an estimated vaccine efficacy of 31.2%. Viral genetic analysis identified a vaccine-induced site of immune pressure in the HIV-1 envelope (Env) variable region 2 (V2) focused on residue 169, which ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leukopak PBMC sample processing for preparing quality control material to support proficiency testing programs.

Journal Article J Immunol Methods · July 2014 Featured Publication External proficiency testing programs designed to evaluate the performance of end-point laboratories involved in vaccine and therapeutic clinical trials form an important part of clinical trial quality assurance. Good clinical laboratory practice (GCLP) gu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Progress in HIV-1 vaccine development.

Journal Article J Allergy Clin Immunol · July 2014 Featured Publication The past 2 years have seen a number of basic and translational science advances in the quest for development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. These advances include discovery of new envelope targets of potentially protective antibodies, demonstration that CD ... Full text Link to item Cite

CD4-mimetic small molecules sensitize human immunodeficiency virus to vaccine-elicited antibodies.

Journal Article J Virol · June 2014 Featured Publication UNLABELLED: Approaches to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission are urgently needed. Difficulties in eliciting antibodies that bind conserved epitopes exposed on the unliganded conformation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trime ... Full text Link to item Cite

Capacity for infectious HIV-1 virion capture differs by envelope antibody specificity.

Journal Article J Virol · May 2014 Featured Publication Antibody capacity to recognize infectious virus is a prerequisite of many antiviral functions. We determined the infectious virion capture index (IVCI) of different antibody specificities. Whereas broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), except for an MPER ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modulation of HIV-1 immunity by adjuvants.

Journal Article Curr Opin HIV AIDS · May 2014 Featured Publication PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the role of adjuvants in eliciting desirable antibody responses against HIV-1 with particular emphasis on both historical context and recent developments. RECENT FINDINGS: Increased understanding of the role of pattern recog ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced antibody responses to an HIV-1 membrane-proximal external region antigen in mice reconstituted with cultured lymphocytes.

Journal Article J Immunol · April 1, 2014 Featured Publication We have shown that the protective HIV-1 Ab, 2F5, avidly reacts with a conserved mammalian self-Ag, kynureninase, and that the development of B cells specific for the 2F5 epitope is constrained by immunological tolerance. These observations suggest that the ... Full text Link to item Cite

An autoreactive antibody from an SLE/HIV-1 individual broadly neutralizes HIV-1.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · April 2014 Featured Publication Broadly HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) display one or more unusual traits, including a long heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3), polyreactivity, and high levels of somatic mutations. These shared characteristics suggest that BnA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) and TLR9 agonists cooperate to enhance HIV-1 envelope antibody responses in rhesus macaques.

Journal Article J Virol · March 2014 Featured Publication UNLABELLED: The development of a vaccine that can induce high titers of functional antibodies against HIV-1 remains a high priority. We have developed an adjuvant based on an oil-in-water emulsion that incorporates Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to test ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reconstructing a B-Cell Clonal Lineage. II. Mutation, Selection, and Affinity Maturation.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2014 Featured Publication Affinity maturation of the antibody response is a fundamental process in adaptive immunity during which B-cells activated by infection or vaccination undergo rapid proliferation accompanied by the acquisition of point mutations in their rearranged immunogl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

HIV-1 specific IgA detected in vaginal secretions of HIV uninfected women participating in a microbicide trial in Southern Africa are primarily directed toward gp120 and gp140 specificities.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2014 BACKGROUND: Many participants in microbicide trials remain uninfected despite ongoing exposure to HIV-1. Determining the emergence and nature of mucosal HIV-specific immune responses in such women is important, since these responses may contribute to prote ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modulation of HIV-1 immunity by adjuvants

Journal Article Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2014 Purpose of Review: To summarize the role of adjuvants in eliciting desirable antibody responses against HIV-1 with particular emphasis on both historical context and recent developments. RECENT FINDINGS: Increased understanding of the role of pattern recog ... Full text Cite

Heterogeneity of Anti-V2 ADCC Ab Responses and Implications for Vaccine Development

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · November 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Antibody Repertoire Induced by the Multiclade (Env A, B, C) HIV-1 DNA Prime, rAd5 Boost VRC Vaccine

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · November 1, 2013 Featured Publication Link to item Cite

Intestinal Commensal Bacteria Shape the Pre-transmission Antibody Repertoire to HIV-1 Infection

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · November 1, 2013 Featured Publication Link to item Cite

The human fetal lymphocyte lineage: identification by CD27 and LIN28B expression in B cell progenitors.

Journal Article J Leukoc Biol · November 2013 Featured Publication CD27, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is used to identify human memory B cells. Nonetheless, CD27(+) B cells are present in patients with HIGM1 syndrome who are unable to generate GCs or memory B cells. CD27(+)IgD(+) fetal B cells are present in umbilica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lack of B cell dysfunction is associated with functional, gp120-dominant antibody responses in breast milk of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected African green monkeys.

Journal Article J Virol · October 2013 Featured Publication The design of an effective vaccine to reduce the incidence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via breastfeeding will require identification of protective immune responses that block postnatal virus acquisition. Nat ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Microbial Vaccine Development

Journal Article · August 29, 2013 Full text Cite

HIV-1 gp41 envelope IgA is frequently elicited after transmission but has an initial short response half-life.

Journal Article Mucosal Immunol · July 2013 Featured Publication Prevention of HIV-1 transmission at mucosal surfaces will likely require durable pre-existing mucosal anti-HIV-1 antibodies (Abs). Defining the ontogeny, specificities and potentially protective nature of the initial mucosal virus-specific B-cell response ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infectious virion capture by HIV-1 gp120-specific IgG from RV144 vaccinees.

Journal Article J Virol · July 2013 Featured Publication The detailed examination of the antibody repertoire from RV144 provides a unique template for understanding potentially protective antibody functions. Some potential immune correlates of protection were untested in the correlates analyses due to inherent a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Epitope specificity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC] responses.

Journal Article Curr HIV Res · July 2013 Featured Publication Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC] has been suggested to play an important role in control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 [HIV-1] viral load and protection from infection. ADCC antibody responses have been mapped to multiple linear and conf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaccine-induced plasma IgA specific for the C1 region of the HIV-1 envelope blocks binding and effector function of IgG.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 28, 2013 Featured Publication Analysis of correlates of risk of infection in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial demonstrated that plasma IgG against the HIV-1 envelope (Env) variable region 1 and 2 inversely correlated with risk, whereas HIV-1 Env-specific plasma IgA responses dire ... Full text Link to item Cite

An in vitro culture system for studying the human B cell repertoire

Conference JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY · May 1, 2013 Featured Publication Link to item Cite

Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control.

Journal Article Science · April 5, 2013 Featured Publication A variant upstream of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) shows the most significant genome-wide effect on HIV control in European Americans and is also associated with the level of HLA-C expression. We characterized the differential cell surface expression ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Analysis of Broad Neutralizing B Cell Lineages to Guide HIV-1 Immunogen Design

Conference JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES · April 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Vaccine induction of antibodies against a structurally heterogeneous site of immune pressure within HIV-1 envelope protein variable regions 1 and 2.

Journal Article Immunity · January 24, 2013 Featured Publication The RV144 HIV-1 trial of the canary pox vector (ALVAC-HIV) plus the gp120 AIDSVAX B/E vaccine demonstrated an estimated efficacy of 31%, which correlated directly with antibodies to HIV-1 envelope variable regions 1 and 2 (V1-V2). Genetic analysis of trial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preconfiguration of the antigen-binding site during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza virus antibody.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 2, 2013 Featured Publication Affinity maturation refines a naive B-cell response by selecting mutations in antibody variable domains that enhance antigen binding. We describe a B-cell lineage expressing broadly neutralizing influenza virus antibodies derived from a subject immunized w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microbial Vaccine Development

Chapter · November 15, 2012 Full text Cite

HIV-1 antibodies from infection and vaccination: insights for guiding vaccine design.

Journal Article Trends Microbiol · November 2012 Featured Publication Attempts to formulate a protective HIV-1 vaccine through classic vaccine design strategies have not been successful. Elicitation of HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) at high titers that are present before exposure might be required to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies from an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial target multiple epitopes and preferentially use the VH1 gene family.

Journal Article J Virol · November 2012 Featured Publication The ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX-B/E RV144 vaccine trial showed an estimated efficacy of 31%. RV144 secondary immune correlate analysis demonstrated that the combination of low plasma anti-HIV-1 Env IgA antibodies and high levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytoto ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of immune escape mutations on HIV-1 fitness in the context of the cognate transmitted/founder genome.

Journal Article Retrovirology · October 30, 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: A modest change in HIV-1 fitness can have a significant impact on viral quasispecies evolution and viral pathogenesis, transmission and disease progression. To determine the impact of immune escape mutations selected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response in the RV144 and Vax003 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · August 1, 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: A recombinant canarypox vector expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag, Pro, and membrane-linked gp120 (vCP1521), combined with a bivalent gp120 protein boost (AIDSVAX B/E), provided modest protection against HIV-1 infection ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 gp120 vaccine induces affinity maturation in both new and persistent antibody clonal lineages.

Journal Article J Virol · July 2012 Featured Publication Most antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are highly somatically mutated in antibody clonal lineages that persist over time. Here, we describe the analysis of human antibodies induced during an HIV-1 vaccine trial (GSK PRO HIV-002) that used the clade ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel variant marking HLA-DP expression levels predicts recovery from hepatitis B virus infection.

Journal Article J Virol · June 2012 Featured Publication Variants near the HLA-DP gene show the strongest genome-wide association with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV recovery/persistence in Asians. To test the effect of the HLA-DP region on outcomes to HBV infection, we sequenced the polymorph ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simultaneous Detection of Antigen-Specific IgG- and IgM-Secreting Cells with a B Cell Fluorospot Assay.

Journal Article Cells · March 21, 2012 The traditional enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is the gold standard for the enumeration of antigen-specific B cells. Since B cell availability from biological samples is often limited, either because of sample size/volume or the need of performin ... Full text Link to item Cite

CD27+ Developing B Cells are Common in Human Fetal Liver

Conference Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · February 2012 Full text Cite

Isolation of HIV-1-neutralizing mucosal monoclonal antibodies from human colostrum.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Generation of potent anti-HIV antibody responses in mucosal compartments is a potential requirement of a transmission-blocking HIV vaccine. HIV-specific, functional antibody responses are present in breast milk, and these mucosal antibody respo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Clonal analysis of human anti-V3 monoclonal antibodies selected by a V3 tetramer.

Journal Article Hum Antibodies · 2012 Featured Publication The production of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been improved recently using the single B cell and PCR technology. A number of new anti-HIV-1 mAbs directed to various epitopes were produced by selecting single B cells from HIV positive individuals ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies identified from a patient with 2F5-like antibodies.

Journal Article J Virol · November 2011 Featured Publication The genes encoding broadly HIV-1-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are highly divergent from their germ line counterparts. We have hypothesized that such high levels of somatic hypermutation could pose a challenge for elicitation of the broad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated.

Journal Article J Exp Med · October 24, 2011 Featured Publication The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after HIV-1 transmission, we ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Primary infection by a human immunodeficiency virus with atypical coreceptor tropism.

Journal Article J Virol · October 2011 Featured Publication The great majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains enter CD4+ target cells by interacting with one of two coreceptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. Here we describe a transmitted/founder (T/F) virus (ZP6248) that was profoundly impaired in its abi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of a clonal lineage of HIV-1 envelope V2/V3 conformational epitope-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and their inferred unmutated common ancestors.

Journal Article J Virol · October 2011 Featured Publication V2/V3 conformational epitope antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 (PG9 and PG16) have been recently described. Since an elicitation of previously known broadly neutralizing antibodies has proven elusive, the induction of antibodies with such specificit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 23, 2011 Featured Publication Seasonal antigenic drift of circulating influenza virus leads to a requirement for frequent changes in vaccine composition, because exposure or vaccination elicits human antibodies with limited cross-neutralization of drifted strains. We describe a human m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation of a monoclonal antibody that targets the alpha-2 helix of gp120 and represents the initial autologous neutralizing-antibody response in an HIV-1 subtype C-infected individual.

Journal Article J Virol · August 2011 Featured Publication The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 subtype C infection. We previously identified a Center for AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) participant, CAP88, who developed a potent neutralizing-antibody ... Full text Link to item Cite

An HIV-1 gp120 envelope human monoclonal antibody that recognizes a C1 conformational epitope mediates potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity and defines a common ADCC epitope in human HIV-1 serum.

Journal Article J Virol · July 2011 Featured Publication Among nonneutralizing HIV-1 envelope antibodies (Abs), those capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity have been postulated to be important for control of HIV-1 infection. ADCC-mediating Ab must recognize HIV-1 antigens ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of immune mechanisms in induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Curr Opin Immunol · June 2011 Featured Publication Although antibodies can be elicited by HIV-1 infection or immunization, those that are broadly neutralizing (bnAbs) are undetectable in most individuals, and when they do arise in HIV-1 infection, only do so years after transmission. Until recently, the re ... Full text Link to item Cite

B cell responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination: pathways to preventing infection.

Journal Article Trends Mol Med · February 2011 Featured Publication The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies ... Full text Link to item Cite

H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with influenza strains may have protected older subjects. In contrast, a history of recent seasonal ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Isolation of a human anti-HIV gp41 membrane proximal region neutralizing antibody by antigen-specific single B cell sorting.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2011 Featured Publication Broadly neutralizing antibodies are not commonly produced in HIV-1 infected individuals nor by experimental HIV-1 vaccines. When these antibodies do occur, it is important to be able to isolate and characterize them to provide clues for vaccine design. CAP ... Full text Link to item Cite

The humoral response to HIV-1: new insights, renewed focus.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 15, 2010 Featured Publication During the past 2 decades, significant advances in our understanding of the humoral immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have been made, yet a tremendous amount of work lies ahead. Despite these advances, strategies to r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Anti-phospholipid human monoclonal antibodies inhibit CCR5-tropic HIV-1 and induce beta-chemokines.

Journal Article J Exp Med · April 12, 2010 Featured Publication Traditional antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 infection is thought to result from the binding of antibodies to virions, thus preventing virus entry. However, antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are rare and are not induced by current vaccines. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to multiple HIV-1 subtype and SIVcpz envelope glycoproteins.

Journal Article Virology · November 10, 2009 The extraordinarily high level of genetic variation of HIV-1 env genes poses a challenge to obtain antibodies that cross-react with multiple subtype Env glycoproteins. To determine if cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to highly conserved epitopes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional, non-clonal IgMa-restricted B cell receptor interactions with the HIV-1 envelope gp41 membrane proximal external region.

Journal Article PLoS One · October 6, 2009 The membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 has several features that make it an attractive antibody-based vaccine target, but eliciting an effective gp41 MPER-specific protective antibody response remains elusive. One fundamental issue is w ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after envelope gp120 protein vaccination or HIV-1 infection.

Journal Article J Immunol · August 15, 2009 Successful vaccines (i.e., tetanus and diphtheria) can induce long-lived Ab levels that are maintained by bone marrow plasma cells and plasma Ab levels do not correlate with numbers of blood memory B cells. Destruction of CD4(+) T cells early in HIV-1 acut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polyclonal B cell differentiation and loss of gastrointestinal tract germinal centers in the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection.

Journal Article PLoS Med · July 7, 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The antibody response to HIV-1 does not appear in the plasma until approximately 2-5 weeks after transmission, and neutralizing antibodies to autologous HIV-1 generally do not become detectable until 12 weeks or more after transmission. Moreove ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

High-throughput isolation of immunoglobulin genes from single human B cells and expression as monoclonal antibodies.

Journal Article J Virol Methods · June 2009 Featured Publication Defining human B cell repertoires to viral pathogens is critical for design of vaccines that induce broadly protective antibodies to infections such as HIV-1 and influenza. Single B cell sorting and cloning of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy- and light-chain var ... Full text Link to item Cite

Traumatic lumbar punctures in neonates: test performance of the cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · December 2008 BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings are often used to diagnose meningitis in neonates given antibiotics before the lumbar puncture is performed. Traumatic lumbar punctures are common and complicate interpretation of CSF white blood cell counts. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antigen-specific B cell detection reagents: use and quality control.

Journal Article Cytometry A · November 2008 Featured Publication Tests for immunoglobulin reactivity with specific antigens are some of the oldest and most used assays in immunology. With efforts to understand B cell development, B cell dysregulation in autoimmunity, and to generate B cell vaccines for infectious agents ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polychromatic plots: graphical display of multidimensional data.

Journal Article Cytometry A · September 2008 Featured Publication Limitations of graphical displays as well as human perception make the presentation and analysis of multidimensional data challenging. Graphical display of information on paper or by current projectors is perforce limited to two dimensions; the encoding of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of plasma (TRAIL), TNFR-2, Fas ligand, and plasma microparticles after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: implications for HIV-1 vaccine design.

Journal Article J Virol · August 2008 The death of CD4(+) CCR5(+) T cells is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We studied the plasma levels of cell death mediators and products--tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas ligand, TNF rec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Induction of Plasma (TRAIL), TNFR-2, Fas Ligand and Plasma Microparticles After HIV-1 Transmission: Implications for HIV-1 Vaccine Design.

Journal Article Journal of virology · May 2008 Death of CD4+, CCR5+ T cells is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus infection. We studied the plasma levels of cell death mediators and products - tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor rec ... Cite

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 antibodies that mask membrane proximal region epitopes: antibody binding kinetics, induction, and potential for regulation in acute infection.

Journal Article J Virol · January 2008 Two human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (2F5 and 4E10) against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope g41 cluster II membrane proximal external region (MPER) broadly neutralize HIV-1 primary isolates. However, these antibody specificities ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid parameters in neonates with intraventricular drainage devices.

Journal Article J Neurosurg · September 2007 OBJECT: Infection is a common and potentially devastating complication following placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reservoirs in neonates. The goal of this study was to determine the normal ranges for cell count pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal meningitis: what is the correlation among cerebrospinal fluid cultures, blood cultures, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters?

Journal Article Pediatrics · April 2006 BACKGROUND: Meningitis is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Clinicians frequently use the presence of positive blood cultures to determine whether neonates should undergo lumbar puncture. Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) paramet ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of neonatal Gram-negative rod and Gram-positive cocci meningitis.

Journal Article J Perinatol · February 2006 OBJECTIVE: Neonatal meningitis is an illness with potentially devastating consequences. Early identification of potential risk factors for Gram-negative rod (GNR) infections versus Gram-positive cocci (GPC) infection prior to obtaining final culture result ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibody polyspecificity and neutralization of HIV-1: a hypothesis.

Journal Article Hum Antibodies · 2005 Featured Publication HIV-1 has evolved many ways to evade protective host immune responses, thus creating a number of problems for HIV vaccine developers. In particular, durable, broadly specific neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 have proved difficult to induce with current HIV ... Link to item Cite

Increased expression of anti-apoptosis genes in peripheral blood cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Journal Article Mol Genet Metab · April 2003 Resistance to apoptosis has been described in neutrophils from patients with PNH and related hematologic disorders (aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome), but its molecular basis is not understood. Using gene expression analysis, PNH granulocytes had ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of solution conformations in C4-V3 hybrid peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120: relation to specificity of peptide-induced anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article J Virol · January 1999 Immunogenic peptides containing epitopes of the gp120 C4 and V3 regions from human immunodeficiency virus strains MN and EV91 have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling and used as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. The results, comb ... Full text Link to item Cite

The PIG-A mutation and absence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins do not confer resistance to apoptosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Journal Article Blood · October 1, 1998 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis and deficient hematopoiesis. The development of PNH involves an acquired mutation in the X-linked PIG-A gene, which leads to incomplete ... Link to item Cite

Conformational preferences of a chimeric peptide HIV-1 immunogen from the C4-V3 domains of gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1 CAN0A based on solution NMR: comparison to a related immunogenic peptide from HIV-1 RF.

Journal Article Biochemistry · April 23, 1996 A critical problem to overcome on HIV vaccine design is the variability among HIV strains. One strategy to solve this problem is the construction of multicomponent immunogens reflective of common HIV motifs. Currently, it is not known if these motifs shoul ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV type 1 V3 region primer-induced antibody suppression is overcome by administration of C4-V3 peptides as a polyvalent immunogen.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · February 1995 The extreme variability of HIV-1 immunogenic regions has hampered attempts to design immunogens capable of inducing broadly reactive neutralizing anti-HIV antibody responses. We have begun to study the immune responses generated to a polyvalent mixture of ... Full text Link to item Cite

NMR-derived solution conformations of a hybrid synthetic peptide containing multiple epitopes of envelope protein gp120 from the RF strain of human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article Biochemistry · March 1, 1994 Solution conformations of a 40-residue hybrid peptide containing T-helper epitopes and B-cell determinants from envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been investigated with NMR. Peptides of this general design are highly im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of human CD44H and CD44E isoform binding to hyaluronan by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD44 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

Journal Article J Immunol · December 1, 1993 CD44 molecules are comprised of multiple alternatively spliced forms and are associated with diverse functions such as mediation of carcinoma metastasis and T cell coactivation. To study the function of individual CD44 isoforms, we have transfected CD44 is ... Link to item Cite

Induction of HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates using a prime-boost regimen of hybrid synthetic gp120 envelope peptides.

Journal Article J Immunol · August 1, 1993 We have tested synthetic peptides composed of Th (T1) and V3 loop B cell neutralizing determinants [SP10 MN(A)] of HIVMN gp120 and the fusogenic (F) domain of gp41 as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. After two immunizations with either HIV env peptide T1-SP10 ... Link to item Cite

Allylic substitution/rearrangement of cannabinoids with trimethylsilyl bromide

Journal Article Tetrahedron Letters · June 9, 1992 Trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) in the presence of catalytic ZnI2 induces facile substitution of allylic acetates to the bromides with or without rearrangement as governed by product stability. This was applied to the preparation of a key interme ... Full text Cite

ACCUMULATION OF PYRROLE RESIDUES AS THE MOLECULAR-BASIS OF CUMULATIVE NEUROTOXIC DOSE OF 2,5-HEXANEDIONE

Journal Article JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY · May 1, 1988 Link to item Cite

Pyrrole oxidation and protein cross-linking as necessary steps in the development of gamma-diketone neuropathy.

Journal Article Chem Res Toxicol · 1988 It has been well documented that the gamma-diketone HD1 is the ultimate toxic metabolite of n-hexane. Furthermore, it has been shown that the pathogenetic mechanism by which HD exerts its neurotoxic effects is through binding to protein lysly residues and ... Full text Link to item Cite