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Barbara Dudley Alexander

Barbara Dudley Alexander

Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Infectious Diseases
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Selected Publications

Donor-derived Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections in lung transplant recipients: A prospective study of donor and recipient respiratory tract screening and recipient outcomes.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · July 16, 2024 Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species are urogenital mollicutes that can cause serious donor-derived infections in lung transplant recipients. Best practices for mollicute screening remain unknown. We conducted a single-center prospective study analyzi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium immunogenum acquisition from hospital tap water: a genomic and epidemiologic analysis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 12, 2024 We identified 23 cases of Mycobacterium immunogenum respiratory acquisition linked to a colonized plumbing system at a new hospital addition. We conducted a genomic and epidemiologic investigation to assess for clonal acquisition of M. immunogenum from hos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Letermovir for Primary and Secondary Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Abdominal Organ Transplantation: A Single Center Experience.

Journal Article J Pharm Pract · June 2024 Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after abdominal organ transplantation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of valganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis is limited by drug-induced myelosuppression and potential emergence of res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Late surgical site infections among solid organ transplant recipients: an unrecognized clinical entity.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · May 24, 2024 This study identified 26 late invasive primary surgical site infection (IP-SSI) within 4-12 months of transplantation among 2073 SOT recipients at Duke University Hospital over the period 2015-2019. Thoracic organ transplants accounted for 25 late IP-SSI. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors, management, and clinical outcomes of invasive Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections after lung transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · April 2024 Mollicute infections, caused by Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species, are serious complications after lung transplantation; however, understanding of the epidemiology and outcomes of these infections remains limited. We conducted a single-center retrospective ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Limitations of antifungal prophylaxis in preventing invasive Candida surgical site infections after liver transplant surgery.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 6, 2024 Invasive primary Candida surgical site infections (IP-SSIs) are a common complication of liver transplantation, and targeted antifungal prophylaxis is an efficient strategy to limit their occurrence. We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply to Williams et al.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · March 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients on Universal Antifungal Prophylaxis.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Many centers use universal antifungal prophylaxis after lung transplant, but risk factors for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in this setting are poorly described. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center cohort study including 603 lung trans ... Full text Link to item Cite

A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 21, 2023 The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level ... Full text Link to item Cite

Real-world Experiences in the Transplantation of Hepatitis C-NAAT-positive Organs.

Journal Article Transplant Direct · November 2023 BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive donors have increased the organ pool. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have led to high rates of treatment success and sustained virologic response (SVR) in recipients with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Real-world Use of Mold-Active Triazole Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Diseases: Results From a Subgroup Analysis of a Multicenter National Registry.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2023 BACKGROUND: Antifungal prophylaxis can prevent invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in high-risk, immunocompromised patients. This study assessed the real-world use of mold-active triazoles (MATs) for the prevention of IFDs. METHODS: This subgroup analysis of a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2023 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation in National Institute of Child Heal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology, management, and clinical outcomes of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections in heart transplant and ventricular assist device recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · July 2023 Nontuberculous mycobacteria are emerging pathogens, yet data on the epidemiology and management of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and ventricular assist device (VAD) recipients are scarce. We ... Full text Link to item Cite

C5a-licensed phagocytes drive sterilizing immunity during systemic fungal infection.

Journal Article Cell · June 22, 2023 Systemic candidiasis is a common, high-mortality, nosocomial fungal infection. Unexpectedly, it has emerged as a complication of anti-complement C5-targeted monoclonal antibody treatment, indicating a critical niche for C5 in antifungal immunity. We identi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rezafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (ReSTORE): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 trial.

Journal Article Lancet · January 7, 2023 BACKGROUND: Rezafungin is a next-generation, once-a-week echinocandin in development for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis and for the prevention of invasive fungal disease caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis spp after bloo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of surgical site infections after solid organ transplants in the period 2015-2019: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · December 2022 Surgical site infections (SSI) are severe complications of solid organ transplant (SOT). This retrospective study assessed the epidemiology of and outcomes associated with invasive primary SSI (IP-SSI) occurring within 3 months of transplantation in adult ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Real-world effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole as the primary agent in patients with haematological malignancies.

Journal Article Mycoses · November 2022 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients undergoing induction/reinduction chemotherapy for haematologic malignancies (HM) are at risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs). In 2015, Duke University Hospital (DUH) implemented a new standardised fungal prophylaxi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ibrexafungerp, a Novel Triterpenoid Antifungal in Development for the Treatment of Mold Infections.

Journal Article J Fungi (Basel) · October 25, 2022 Molds are ubiquitous in the environment, and immunocompromised patients are at substantial risk of morbidity and mortality due to their underlying disease and the resistance of pathogenic molds to currently recommended antifungal therapies. This combinatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Donor-derived Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections in lung transplant recipients: A prospective study of donor and recipient respiratory tract screening and recipient outcomes.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · July 16, 2024 Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species are urogenital mollicutes that can cause serious donor-derived infections in lung transplant recipients. Best practices for mollicute screening remain unknown. We conducted a single-center prospective study analyzi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium immunogenum acquisition from hospital tap water: a genomic and epidemiologic analysis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 12, 2024 We identified 23 cases of Mycobacterium immunogenum respiratory acquisition linked to a colonized plumbing system at a new hospital addition. We conducted a genomic and epidemiologic investigation to assess for clonal acquisition of M. immunogenum from hos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Letermovir for Primary and Secondary Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Abdominal Organ Transplantation: A Single Center Experience.

Journal Article J Pharm Pract · June 2024 Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after abdominal organ transplantation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of valganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis is limited by drug-induced myelosuppression and potential emergence of res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Late surgical site infections among solid organ transplant recipients: an unrecognized clinical entity.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · May 24, 2024 This study identified 26 late invasive primary surgical site infection (IP-SSI) within 4-12 months of transplantation among 2073 SOT recipients at Duke University Hospital over the period 2015-2019. Thoracic organ transplants accounted for 25 late IP-SSI. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors, management, and clinical outcomes of invasive Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections after lung transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · April 2024 Mollicute infections, caused by Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species, are serious complications after lung transplantation; however, understanding of the epidemiology and outcomes of these infections remains limited. We conducted a single-center retrospective ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Limitations of antifungal prophylaxis in preventing invasive Candida surgical site infections after liver transplant surgery.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 6, 2024 Invasive primary Candida surgical site infections (IP-SSIs) are a common complication of liver transplantation, and targeted antifungal prophylaxis is an efficient strategy to limit their occurrence. We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply to Williams et al.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · March 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients on Universal Antifungal Prophylaxis.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Many centers use universal antifungal prophylaxis after lung transplant, but risk factors for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in this setting are poorly described. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center cohort study including 603 lung trans ... Full text Link to item Cite

A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 21, 2023 The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level ... Full text Link to item Cite

Real-world Experiences in the Transplantation of Hepatitis C-NAAT-positive Organs.

Journal Article Transplant Direct · November 2023 BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive donors have increased the organ pool. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have led to high rates of treatment success and sustained virologic response (SVR) in recipients with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Real-world Use of Mold-Active Triazole Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Diseases: Results From a Subgroup Analysis of a Multicenter National Registry.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2023 BACKGROUND: Antifungal prophylaxis can prevent invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in high-risk, immunocompromised patients. This study assessed the real-world use of mold-active triazoles (MATs) for the prevention of IFDs. METHODS: This subgroup analysis of a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2023 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation in National Institute of Child Heal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology, management, and clinical outcomes of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections in heart transplant and ventricular assist device recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · July 2023 Nontuberculous mycobacteria are emerging pathogens, yet data on the epidemiology and management of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and ventricular assist device (VAD) recipients are scarce. We ... Full text Link to item Cite

C5a-licensed phagocytes drive sterilizing immunity during systemic fungal infection.

Journal Article Cell · June 22, 2023 Systemic candidiasis is a common, high-mortality, nosocomial fungal infection. Unexpectedly, it has emerged as a complication of anti-complement C5-targeted monoclonal antibody treatment, indicating a critical niche for C5 in antifungal immunity. We identi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rezafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (ReSTORE): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 trial.

Journal Article Lancet · January 7, 2023 BACKGROUND: Rezafungin is a next-generation, once-a-week echinocandin in development for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis and for the prevention of invasive fungal disease caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis spp after bloo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of surgical site infections after solid organ transplants in the period 2015-2019: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · December 2022 Surgical site infections (SSI) are severe complications of solid organ transplant (SOT). This retrospective study assessed the epidemiology of and outcomes associated with invasive primary SSI (IP-SSI) occurring within 3 months of transplantation in adult ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Real-world effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole as the primary agent in patients with haematological malignancies.

Journal Article Mycoses · November 2022 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients undergoing induction/reinduction chemotherapy for haematologic malignancies (HM) are at risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs). In 2015, Duke University Hospital (DUH) implemented a new standardised fungal prophylaxi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ibrexafungerp, a Novel Triterpenoid Antifungal in Development for the Treatment of Mold Infections.

Journal Article J Fungi (Basel) · October 25, 2022 Molds are ubiquitous in the environment, and immunocompromised patients are at substantial risk of morbidity and mortality due to their underlying disease and the resistance of pathogenic molds to currently recommended antifungal therapies. This combinatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maribavir for Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infections With or Without Resistance Post-Transplant: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · September 10, 2022 BACKGROUND: Therapies for refractory cytomegalovirus infections (with or without resistance [R/R]) in transplant recipients are limited by toxicities. Maribavir has multimodal anti-cytomegalovirus activity through the inhibition of UL97 protein kinase. MET ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Multicenter Registry of Patients Receiving Systemic Mold-Active Triazoles for the Management of Invasive Fungal Infections.

Journal Article Infect Dis Ther · August 2022 INTRODUCTION: 'Real-world' data for mold-active triazoles (MATs) in the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are lacking. This study evaluated usage of MATs in a disease registry for the management of IFIs. METHODS: Data were collected for this m ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Safety of Inhaled Amphotericin B Lipid Complex as Antifungal Prophylaxis in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · June 21, 2022 Inhaled formulations of amphotericin B are the most widely used antifungal prophylactic agents in lung transplant recipients, yet there are limited data on their safety. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 603 consecutive patients wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delayed mortality among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 25, 2022 INTRODUCTION: Most studies of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with COVID-19 focus on outcomes within one month of illness onset. Delayed mortality in SOT recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 has not been fully examined. METHODS: We used data from a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Changing trends in mortality among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the course of the pandemic.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · January 2022 Mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 has declined over the course of the pandemic. Mortality trends specifically in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) are unknown. Using data from a multicenter registry of SOTR hospitalized for COVID-19 ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Curvularia alcornii Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Following Aortic Valve Replacement: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · November 2021 We report the first case of Curvularia alcornii aortic pseudoaneurysm following bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in an immunocompetent host. Infection was complicated by septic emboli to multiple organs. Despite aggressive surgical intervention and a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Impact of Changes of the 2020 Consensus Definitions of Invasive Aspergillosis on Clinical Trial Design: Unintended Consequences for Prevention Trials?

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · October 2021 BACKGROUND: Consensus definitions for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) were updated in 2020 to increase the certainty of IFD for inclusion in clinical trials, for instance by increasing biomarker cutoff limits to define positivity. To date, ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

COVID-19 in hospitalized lung and non-lung solid organ transplant recipients: A comparative analysis from a multicenter study.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · August 2021 Lung transplant recipients (LTR) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have higher mortality than non-lung solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR), but direct comparisons are limited. Risk factors for mortality specifically in LTR have not been exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

The host transcriptional response to Candidemia is dominated by neutrophil activation and heme biosynthesis and supports novel diagnostic approaches.

Journal Article Genome Med · July 5, 2021 BACKGROUND: Candidemia is one of the most common nosocomial bloodstream infections in the United States, causing significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, but the breadth of the host response to Candida infections in human patients rema ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients as compared to immunocompetent patients: Acute phase cytokines and outcomes in a prospective, matched cohort study.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · June 2021 We undertook a prospective, matched cohort study of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) and gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) to compare the characteristics, outcomes, and chemokine and cytokine response in transplant recipients to immunocomp ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Journal Article Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed · May 2021 OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (WWLST) for extremely low gestational age neonates. DESIGN: Observational study of prospectively collected registry data from ... Full text Link to item Cite

Invasive Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection After Cardiac Surgery: Epidemiology, Management, and Clinical Outcomes.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 8, 2021 BACKGROUND: We recently mitigated a clonal outbreak of hospital-acquired Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), which included a large cluster of adult patients who developed invasive infection after exposure to heater-cooler units during cardiac surgery. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidance on Imaging for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis: From the Imaging Working Group for the Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Fungal Disease from the EORTC/MSGERC.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · March 12, 2021 BACKGROUND: Clinical imaging in suspected invasive fungal disease (IFD) has a significant role in early detection of disease and helps direct further testing and treatment. Revised definitions of IFD from the EORTC/MSGERC were recently published and provid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply to Marinelli and Rotstein.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 27, 2021 Full text Link to item Cite

Needles in a haystack: Extremely rare invasive fungal infections reported in FungiScopeⓇ-Global Registry for Emerging Fungal Infections.

Journal Article J Infect · November 2020 OBJECTIVES: Emerging invasive fungal infections (IFI) have become a notable challenge. Apart from the more frequently described fusariosis, lomentosporiosis, mucormycosis, scedosporiosis, and certain dematiaceae or yeasts, little is known about extremely r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pathways to Leadership: Reflections of Recent Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Leaders During Conception and Launch of the Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity Movement Within the IDSA.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 14, 2020 Opportunities for leadership in the specialty of infectious diseases (ID) have markedly increased over the last decade, including in newly recognized areas. Commensurate with the expansion of opportunities in ID, pathways to leadership positions within the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · September 12, 2020 BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have be ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Oral and Inhaled Ribavirin Treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Transplantation · June 2020 BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) causes mortality rates of 10%-20% despite antiviral therapy. Ribavirin (RBV) has been used to treat RSV-infected LTRs with limited data. METHODS: A retrospective s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply to Authors (Drs. Marinelli and Rotstein).

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 23, 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

Cytomegalovirus in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation: Impact on Costs and Clinical Outcomes Using a Preemptive Strategy.

Journal Article Biol Blood Marrow Transplant · March 2020 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) results in significant morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Establishing the cost and clinical impact is imperative to the selection of appropriate CMV preventative strategies. This is a retrospe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age matters: older age as a risk factor for CMV reactivation in the CMV serostatus-positive kidney transplant recipient.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · March 2020 Evaluate risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation during the first year after kidney transplantation in the CMV-seropositive older recipient. Retrospective single-center study. Between 2011 and 2015, 91 patients ≥ 65 years received a kidney tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors and mortality in invasive Rasamsonia spp. infection: Analysis of cases in the FungiScope® registry and from the literature.

Journal Article Mycoses · March 2020 BACKGROUND: The new Rasamsonia spp. complex can develop invasive infection in immunosuppression or chronic pulmonary disease. It has potential to be misidentified as other genera due to morphological similarities. Nowadays, there is a gap of knowledge on t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Invasive Fungal Infection After Lung Transplantation: Epidemiology in the Setting of Antifungal Prophylaxis.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 1, 2020 BACKGROUND: Lung transplant recipients commonly develop invasive fungal infections (IFIs), but the most effective strategies to prevent IFIs following lung transplantation are not known. METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical data on all patients who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants with a Need for Child Protective Services Supervision.

Journal Article J Pediatr · December 2019 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with need for Child Protective Services (CPS) supervision at hospital discharge compared with those discharged without CPS supervision. STUDY DESIGN: For infants born at <27 weeks of ges ... Full text Link to item Cite

Charting the Path Forward: Development, Goals and Initiatives of the 2019 Infectious Diseases Society of America Strategic Plan.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 27, 2019 In October 2018, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Board of Directors (BOD) decided to develop a 2019 IDSA Strategic Plan. The IDSA BOD has invested in strategic planning at regular intervals as part of an ongoing process to review and to r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between Policy Changes for Oxygen Saturation Alarm Settings and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Infants Born Very Preterm.

Journal Article J Pediatr · June 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of policy changes for pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) alarm limits on neonatal mortality and morbidity among infants born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born very pret ... Full text Link to item Cite

Respiratory Medications in Infants <29 Weeks during the First Year Postdischarge: The Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) Consortium.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of respiratory medications used in neonatal intensive care unit graduates. STUDY DESIGN: The Prematurity Respiratory Outcomes Program enrolled 835 babies <29 weeks of gestation in the first week. Of 751 survivors, 738 (98%) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infections after kidney transplantation. Does age matter?

Journal Article Clin Transplant · April 2019 Infections threaten successful outcomes after kidney transplantation. Our aim was to determine if the number, types of infections and the risk factors for common infections differed between older compared to younger kidney transplant (KT) recipients in the ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Fidaxomicin for Prophylaxis of Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea in Adults Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 7, 2019 BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is common during hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We evaluated fidaxomicin for prevention of CDAD in HSCT patients. METHODS ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Weaning of Moderately Preterm Infants from the Incubator to the Crib: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2019 OBJECTIVE: To assess whether length of hospital stay is decreased among moderately preterm infants weaned from incubator to crib at a lower vs higher weight. STUDY DESIGN: This trial was conducted in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single-center analysis of infectious complications in older adults during the first year after kidney transplantation.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · January 2019 Infections are among the top three causes of death of older adults in the first year after kidney transplantation (KT). Our aim was to describe infectious complications among KT recipients aged ≥ 65 during the first 12 months post-transplant. Single-center ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infection in kidney transplant recipients

Chapter · January 1, 2019 In organ transplant recipients, impaired inflammatory responses suppress the clinical and radiologic findings of infection. The possible etiologies of infection are diverse, ranging from common bacterial and viral pathogens that affect the entire community ... Full text Cite

Genomic characterization of recurrent mold infections in thoracic transplant recipients.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · October 2018 Invasive mold disease in thoracic organ transplant recipients is a well-recognized complication, but the long-term persistence of molds within the human body and evasion of host defenses has not been well-described. We present 2 cases of invasive mold dise ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Recurrent Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Acute Leukemia.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · June 2018 BACKGROUND: Rates and risk factors for recurrent enterococcal bloodstream infection (R-EBSI) and whether the same genetic lineage causes index EBSI and R-EBSI are unknown in patients with acute leukemia (AL) receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: Ninety-two AL p ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental Impairment Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Research Network.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 2018 OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcome in a contemporary cohort of extremely preterm infants. We hypothesize that the rate of severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) decreases over time. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of neurod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome of Preterm Infants with Transient Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia on Serial Cranial Imaging Up to Term Equivalent Age.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of preterm infants whose cystic periventricular leukomalacia "disappeared" on serial screening cranial imaging studies. STUDY DESIGN: Infants ≤26 weeks of gestation born between 2002 and 2012 who had cranial imaging stud ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antecedents and Outcomes of Abnormal Cranial Imaging in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and findings of cranial imaging in moderately preterm infants (born at 290/7-336/7 weeks of gestation) across centers, and to examine the association between abnormal imaging and clinical characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delivery Room Resuscitation and Short-Term Outcomes in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 2018 OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and extent of delivery room resuscitation and evaluate the association of delivery room resuscitation with neonatal outcomes in moderately preterm (MPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Admission Temperature and Associated Mortality and Morbidity among Moderately and Extremely Preterm Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2018 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the temperature distribution among moderately preterm (MPT, 29-33 weeks) and extremely preterm (EPT, <29 weeks) infants upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in 2012-2013, the change in admission temperature distribution ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes in Extremely Premature Neonates With Ventriculomegaly in the Absence of Periventricular-Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Journal Article JAMA Pediatr · January 1, 2018 IMPORTANCE: Studies of cranial ultrasonography and early childhood outcomes among cohorts of extremely preterm neonates have linked periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 and Standard Antifungal Agents against 178 Clinical Isolates of Resistant and Susceptible Candida Species.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2017 SCY-078 in vitro activity was determined for 178 isolates of resistant or susceptible Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida parapsilosis, including 44 Candida isolates with known genotypic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Mold Infections in Patients Receiving Azole Prophylaxis.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 1, 2017 Breakthrough invasive mold infections (IMIs) that occur during posaconazole or voriconazole prophylaxis are rare complications for which epidemiological data are lacking. This retrospective analysis comparing 24 microbiologically documented breakthrough wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Establishment and Use of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Molds and Yeasts by Use of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M57 Standard.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2017 Breakpoints are used to predict whether an antifungal agent will be clinically effective against a particular fungal isolate. They are based on a combination of MIC values, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic values, and clinical outcome data. For many fungus- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two-Phase Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: Investigation and Mitigation.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) commonly colonize municipal water supplies and cause healthcare-associated outbreaks. We investigated a biphasic outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Case patients had recen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium Abscessus Infection in Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices

Conference JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION · April 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Invasive Mycobacterium abscessus Infection in Heart Transplant Recipients

Conference JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION · April 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Fungal CYP51 Inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 Exhibit Strong In Vitro Activity against Candida glabrata and C. krusei Isolates Clinically Resistant to Azole and Echinocandin Antifungal Compounds.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 2017 The in vitro activities of fungal CYP51 inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 were determined for Candida glabrata (n = 34) and C. krusei (n = 50). C. glabrata isolates were screened for FKS gene mutations. All isolates were resistant clinically and/or in vitro t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemorrhagic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Nephritis: An Unusual Cause of Acute Allograft Dysfunction.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · January 2017 Interstitial nephritis due to viruses is well-described after solid organ transplantation. Viruses implicated include cytomegalovirus; BK polyomavirus; Epstein-Barr virus; and, less commonly, adenovirus. We describe a rare case of hemorrhagic allograft nep ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Mycoses Study Group International Prospective Study of Phaeohyphomycosis: An Analysis of 99 Proven/Probable Cases.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · 2017 BACKGROUND: Phaeohyphomycosis is infection caused by dematiaceous, or darkly pigmented, fungi. The spectrum of disease is broad, and optimal therapy remains poorly defined. The Mycoses Study Group established an international case registry of patients with ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The epidemiology and outcomes of invasive Candida infections among organ transplant recipients in the United States: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET).

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · December 2016 BACKGROUND: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a common cause of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs), but knowledge of epidemiology in this population is limited. METHOD: The present analysis describes data from 15 US centers that prospectively ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus Sepsis by Whole-Genome Next-Generation Sequencing.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · September 2016 We report the case of a 60-year-old man with septic shock due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus that was diagnosed in 24 hours by a novel whole-genome next-generation sequencing assay. This technology shows great promise in identifying fastidious pathogens, and ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 2016 OBJECTIVE: To estimate risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants as a function of preterm formula (PF) and maternal milk intake and calculate the impact of suboptimal feeding on the incidence and costs of NEC. ST ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sun HY, et al (Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:36-44).

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 15, 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Role of Antifungal Susceptibility Testing in Non-Aspergillus Invasive Mold Infections.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2016 No clinical breakpoints are available to delineate antifungal drug efficacy in non-Aspergillus invasive mold infections (NAIMIs). In this analysis of 39 NAIMI episodes, the MIC of the first-line antifungal drug was the most important predictor of therapeut ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalent mutator genotype identified in fungal pathogen Candida glabrata promotes multi-drug resistance.

Journal Article Nat Commun · March 29, 2016 The fungal pathogen Candida glabrata has emerged as a major health threat since it readily acquires resistance to multiple drug classes, including triazoles and/or echinocandins. Thus far, cellular mechanisms promoting the emergence of resistance to multip ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

CXCR1-mediated neutrophil degranulation and fungal killing promote Candida clearance and host survival.

Journal Article Sci Transl Med · January 20, 2016 Systemic Candida albicans infection causes high morbidity and mortality and is now the leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection in the United States. Neutropenia is a major risk factor for poor outcome in infected patients; however, the molecular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparing Etest and Broth Microdilution for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Most-Relevant Pathogenic Molds.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2015 Invasive mold infections are life-threatening diseases for which appropriate antifungal therapy is crucial. Their epidemiology is evolving, with the emergence of triazole-resistant Aspergillus spp. and multidrug-resistant non-Aspergillus molds. Despite the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal activities of SCY-078 (MK-3118) and standard antifungal agents against clinical non-Aspergillus mold isolates.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · July 2015 The limited armamentarium of active and oral antifungal drugs against emerging non-Aspergillus molds is of particular concern. Current antifungal agents and the new orally available beta-1,3-d-glucan synthase inhibitor SCY-078 were tested in vitro against ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients: Results from the Transplant Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET).

Journal Article Med Mycol · June 2015 Transplant recipients are at a high risk for developing invasive fungal infections. The agents of phaeohyphomycosis are environmental molds found worldwide, and they cause a broad spectrum of disease including skin and subcutaneous lesions, pneumonia, cent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal activity of compounds targeting the Hsp90-calcineurin pathway against various mould species.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · May 2015 OBJECTIVES: Invasive mould infections are associated with a high mortality rate and the emergence of MDR moulds is of particular concern. Calcineurin and its chaperone, the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), represent an important pathway for fungal virulence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants from 2000 through 2011.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · January 22, 2015 BACKGROUND: Understanding the causes and timing of death in extremely premature infants may guide research efforts and inform the counseling of families. METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data on 6075 deaths among 22,248 live births, with gestat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of immune reconstitution syndrome in organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis: implications for the management of immunosuppression.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 1, 2015 BACKGROUND: Risk factors including how changes in immunosuppression influence the occurrence of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with cryptococcosis have not been fully defined. METHODS: SOT recipients with cr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Arising during Leukemia Treatment Using a Panel of Host Response Proteins and Fungal Antigens.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2015 Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an opportunistic fungal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or other forms of immunosuppression. In this group, Aspergillus infections acc ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Opportunistic Mycoses

Chapter · January 1, 2015 Full text Cite

Hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in cardiac transplantation: a single-center experience.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · October 2014 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibody (HBcAb)-positive donors are increasingly utilized in solid organ transplantation. We report a single center's experience in cardiac transplantation with 18 HBcAb-positive donors. Available follow-up on recipients of ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complexities associated with the molecular and proteomic identification of Paecilomyces species in the clinical mycology laboratory.

Journal Article Med Mycol · July 2014 Paecilomyces species are emerging fungal pathogens. Morphological identifications are complicated by similarities among the members of the P. variotii complex as well as to some Rasamsonia and Hamigera species. The purpose of this study was to compare matr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonmolecular methods for the diagnosis of respiratory fungal infections.

Journal Article Clin Lab Med · June 2014 Diagnosis of invasive fungal pneumonias by conventional culture methods is difficult to assess and often delayed. Nonmolecular fungal markers have emerged as an important adjunctive tool to support their diagnosis in combination with other clinical, radiol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in lung transplant recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · June 2014 Invasive mold infections (IMIs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients (LTRs), yet information regarding the epidemiology of IMI in this population is limited. From 2001 to 2006, multicenter prospective surveillance ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term stability at -20 °C of Aspergillus galactomannan in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2014 Research to develop and validate novel methods for diagnosis of aspergillosis based on detection of galactomannan requires the use of clinical specimens that have been stored frozen. Data indicating that galactomannan remains stable when frozen are scant. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections.

Journal Article Med Mycol · May 2014 Candida albicans can cause candidemia in neutropenic and critically ill patients and oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with low CD4(+) counts. Because all patients at risk do not develop Candida infections, i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endemic fungal infections in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients enrolled in the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET).

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · April 2014 BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients, but few data have been reported on the epidemiology of endemic fungal infections in t ... Full text Link to item Cite

CX3CR1-dependent renal macrophage survival promotes Candida control and host survival.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · December 2013 Systemic Candida albicans infection causes high morbidity and mortality and is associated with neutropenia; however, the roles of other innate immune cells in pathogenesis are poorly defined. Here, using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, we found that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and evaluation of a calibrator material for nucleic acid-based assays for diagnosing aspergillosis.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2013 Twelve laboratories evaluated candidate material for an Aspergillus DNA calibrator. The DNA material was quantified using limiting-dilution analysis; the mean concentration was determined to be 1.73 × 10(10) units/ml. The calibrator can be used to standard ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increasing echinocandin resistance in Candida glabrata: clinical failure correlates with presence of FKS mutations and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 2013 BACKGROUND: Fluconazole (FLC) resistance is common in C. glabrata and echinocandins are often used as first-line therapy. Resistance to echinocandin therapy has been associated with FKS1 and FKS2 gene alterations. METHODS: We reviewed records of all patien ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of BK polyomavirus after kidney transplantation: a comparison of urine electron microscopy with plasma polymerase chain reaction.

Journal Article Clin Transplant · 2013 BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection continues to be a significant source of allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. The optimal screening method to detect BKV remains undetermined. In this retrospective analysis of 347 consecutive kidney transpl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost of invasive fungal infections in the era of new diagnostics and expanded treatment options.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · October 2012 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the true institutional cost of treating invasive fungal infections in light of recent advances in diagnostic techniques and antifungal therapies for both treatment and prophylaxis of these infections. DESIGN: Economic analysis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a digital microfluidic real-time PCR platform to detect DNA of Candida albicans in blood.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · September 2012 Species of Candida frequently cause life-threatening infections in neonates, transplant and intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and others with compromised host defenses. The successful management of systemic candidiasis depends upon early, rapid diagnosis ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphisms increase susceptibility to candidemia.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · March 15, 2012 BACKGROUND: Candidemia is a severe invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Recognition of Candida species is mediated through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). This study assessed whether genetic variation in TLR sign ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of caspase-12 on susceptibility to candidemia.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · March 2012 Candida is one of the leading causes of sepsis, and an effective host immune response to Candida critically depends on the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which need caspase-1 cleavage to become bioactive. Caspase-12 has been suggested to inhibit caspase-1 acti ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cytokine gene polymorphisms and the outcome of invasive candidiasis: a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · February 15, 2012 BACKGROUND:  Candida bloodstream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Although clinical and microbiological factors affecting prognosis have been identified, the impact of genetic variation in the innate immune ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

β-D-glucan surveillance with preemptive anidulafungin for invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit patients: a randomized pilot study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2012 BACKGROUND: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a devastating disease. While prompt antifungal therapy improves outcomes, empiric treatment based on the presence of fever has little clinical impact. Β-D-Glucan (BDG) is a fungal cell wall component detectable in t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Fungal diagnostics in pneumonia.

Journal Article Semin Respir Crit Care Med · December 2011 Fungal pneumonia is increasingly common, particularly in highly immunosuppressed patients, such as solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and the diagnosis is evolving. Although standard techniques such as microscopy and culture rema ... Full text Link to item Cite

Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States, 2001-2006.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · October 2011 Recent reports describe increasing incidence of non-Aspergillus mold infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. To investigate the epidemiology of infections with Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedosporiu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Genetic variation in the dectin-1/CARD9 recognition pathway and susceptibility to candidemia.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 1, 2011 BACKGROUND: Candidemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients or patients undergoing invasive treatments. Dectin-1 is the main β-glucan receptor, and patients with a complete deficiency of either dectin-1 or its adaptor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitation of Candida CFU in initial positive blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2011 One potential limitation of DNA-based molecular diagnostic tests for Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) is organism burden, which is not sufficiently characterized. We hypothesized that the number of CFU per milliliter (CFU/ml) present in an episode of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida spp. revisited: review of microbiologic, molecular, pharmacodynamic, and clinical data as they pertain to the development of species-specific interpretive criteria.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · July 2011 We reassessed the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for voriconazole. We examined i) the essential (EA: ±2 dilutions) and categorical agreement between 24-h CLSI and EUCAST methods for voriconazole testing of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter, prospective clinical evaluation of respiratory samples from subjects at risk for Pneumocystis jirovecii infection by use of a commercial real-time PCR assay.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2011 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection. Microscopic diagnosis, including diagnosis using the Merifluor-Pneumocystis direct fluorescent antigen (MP-DFA) test, has limitations. Real-time PCR may assist in diagnosis, but no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fungal infections in transplant and oncology patients.

Journal Article Hematol Oncol Clin North Am · February 2011 Recent shifts in the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) among transplant and oncology populations have led to new recommendations on treatment; however, they have also brought new controversies. New pharmacologic therapies are being studied ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phaeohyphomycoses (brown-black moulds)

Chapter · January 1, 2011 Phaeohyphomycosis, a term first introduced by Ajello and colleagues [1], is an encompassing clinical designation for a spectrum of infections caused by darkly pigmented moulds [2, 3]. In its simplest definition, phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by ... Full text Cite

Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States, 2001-2006

Journal Article Emerging Infectious Diseases · January 1, 2011 Recent reports describe increasing incidence of non- Aspergillus mold infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. To investigate the epidemiology of infections with Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedospori ... Full text Cite

Nebulizer delivery of micafungin aerosols.

Journal Article Pharmacotherapy · January 2011 STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal nebulization system for aerosolizing micafungin and to further assess the physiochemical properties of aerosolized micafungin. DESIGN: In vitro experiment. SETTING: University research center. NEBULIZERS: Pari LC ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro characterization of nebulizer delivery of liposomal amphotericin B aerosols.

Journal Article Pharm Dev Technol · 2011 Pharmaceutical aerosols have the potential to prevent pulmonary infectious diseases. Liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB, Ambisome, Astellas Pharma US, Deerfield, IL, USA) is approved as an intravenous infusion for empiric treatment of presumed fungal infection ... Full text Link to item Cite

The (1,3){beta}-D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 2010 The Fungitell assay for (1,3)β-D-glucan (BG) detection in serum has been evaluated in patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and healthy controls and for the early diagnosis of IFI in cancer patients. We evaluated the BG assay for the detection of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unrecognized pretransplant and donor‐derived cryptococcal disease in organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · November 1, 2010 BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis occurring ≤30 days after transplantation is an unusual event, and its characteristics are not known. METHODS: Patients included 175 solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients with cryptococcosis in a multicenter cohort. Very early-o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Med Mycol · September 2010 Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not fully defined. In a prospective cohort comprising 146 SOT recipients with cryptococcosis, we describe the presentation, antifung ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal Apophysomyces elegans infection transmitted by deceased donor renal allografts.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · September 2010 Two patients developed renal mucormycosis following transplantation of kidneys from the same donor, a near-drowning victim in a motor vehicle crash. Genotypically, indistinguishable strains of Apophysomyces elegans were recovered from both recipients. We i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aspergillus DNA contamination in blood collection tubes.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · August 2010 Fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic methods are at risk for contamination. Sample collection containers were investigated for fungal DNA contamination using real-time PCR assays. Up to 18% of blood collection tubes were contaminated wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Breakthrough invasive candidiasis in patients on micafungin.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2010 For Candida species, a bimodal wild-type MIC distribution for echinocandins exists, but resistance to echinocandins is rare. We characterized isolates from patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) breaking through >or=3 doses of micafungin therapy during th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors associated with mortality in transplant patients with invasive aspergillosis.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 15, 2010 BACKGROUND: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with mortality i ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Fungal infections in transplant and oncology patients.

Journal Article Infect Dis Clin North Am · June 2010 Recent shifts in the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) among transplant and oncology populations have led to new recommendations on treatment; however, they have also brought new controversies. New pharmacologic therapies are being studied ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microfluidic platform versus conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · May 2010 Rapid, accurate diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is compromised by low sensitivity of culture and serology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has emerged as a sensitive method to detect M. pneumoniae DNA in clinica ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET).

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 15, 2010 BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among organ transplant recipients. Multicenter prospective surveillance data to determine disease burden and secular trends are lacking. METHODS: The Transplant-Asso ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 15, 2010 BACKGROUND: The incidence and epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), a leading cause of death among hematopoeitic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are derived mainly from single-institution retrospective studies. METHODS: The Transplant ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevalence of renal anomalies after urinary tract infections in hospitalized infants less than 2 months of age.

Journal Article J Perinatol · April 2010 OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the incidence of anatomical abnormalities after a urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants <2 months of age hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, single-center c ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Early-Onset Cryptococcosis in Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) Recipients.

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION · April 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

Identifying predictors of central nervous system disease in solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis.

Journal Article Transplantation · January 15, 2010 BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is often deferred in patients with cryptococcal disease, particularly in the absence of neurologic manifestations. We sought to determine whether a subset of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with high l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Geographic differences in disease expression of cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients in the United States.

Journal Article Ann Transplant · 2010 BACKGROUND: Whether there are geographic differences in clinical presentation of cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in the United States (US) is not known. MATERIAL/METHODS: Patients comprised a cohort of 120 SOT recipients from US t ... Link to item Cite

Lipid formulations of amphotericin B significantly improve outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with central nervous system cryptococcosis.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · December 1, 2009 BACKGROUND: Whether outcome of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients treated with lipid formulations of amphotericin B is different from the outcome of the condition treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylaxis of invasive mycoses in solid organ transplantation.

Journal Article Curr Infect Dis Rep · November 2009 Solid organ transplantation is emerging as a lifesaving procedure for increasing numbers of patients, and invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing such procedures. Risks for developing these infe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Wild-type MIC distribution and epidemiological cutoff values for Aspergillus fumigatus and three triazoles as determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2009 Antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species has been standardized by both the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Recent studies suggest the emergence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular identification of Aspergillus species collected for the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2009 A large aggregate collection of clinical isolates of aspergilli (n = 218) from transplant patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis was available from the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network, a 6-year prospective surveillance ... Full text Link to item Cite

Initial characterization of micafungin pulmonary delivery via two different nebulizers and multivariate data analysis of aerosol mass distribution profiles.

Journal Article AAPS PharmSciTech · 2009 Pharmaceutical aerosols have been targeted to the lungs for the treatment of asthma and pulmonary infectious diseases successfully. Micafungin (Astellas Pharma US, Deerfield, IL, USA) has been shown to be an effective antifungal agent when administrated in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rationale for reading fluconazole MICs at 24 hours rather than 48 hours when testing Candida spp. by the CLSI M27-A2 standard method.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2008 We investigated if CLSI M27-A2 Candida species breakpoints for fluconazole MIC are valid when read at 24 h. Analysis of a data set showed good correlation between 48- and 24-h MICs, as well as similar outcomes and pharmacodynamic efficacy parameters, excep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Posaconazole as salvage therapy in patients with invasive fungal infections after solid organ transplant.

Journal Article Transplantation · September 27, 2008 BACKGROUND: The incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has increased during the past 20 years and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this post hoc analysis of a large, open-label, m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Central nervous system cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of abnormal neuroimaging findings.

Journal Article Transplantation · September 15, 2008 BACKGROUND: Prognostic implications of cryptococcal antigen and outcomes associated with central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcal lesions in solid organ transplant recipients have not been fully defined. METHODS: Patients were derived form a cohort of 122 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 The CLSI Antifungal Subcommittee followed the M23-A2 "blueprint" to develop interpretive MIC breakpoints for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida species. MICs of < or = 2 microg/ml for all three echinocandins encompass 98.8 to 100% o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Survival after lung transplantation of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · May 2008 Within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), B. cenocepacia portends increased mortality compared with other species. We investigated the impact of Bcc infection on mortality and re-infection following lung transplant (LT). Species designation for isolat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcineurin inhibitor agents interact synergistically with antifungal agents in vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans isolates: correlation with outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · February 2008 Synergistic interactions were observed between CIs and antifungal agents against 53 (90%) of 59 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis and may account for better outcomes in patients with cryptococcosis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of serum cryptococcal antigen.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 15, 2008 BACKGROUND: The role of serum cryptococcal antigen in the diagnosis and determinants of antigen positivity in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with pulmonary cryptococcosis has not been fully defined. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of the Candida albicans/Candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization method for simultaneous dual-color identification of C. albicans and C. glabrata directly from blood culture bottles.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2008 We evaluated the performance of the Candida albicans/Candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) method, a rapid two-color assay for detection of C. albicans and C. glabrata, in a multicenter study. The assay is desig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome after Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in infants.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · December 2007 We compared outcomes in infants with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infants with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection had a longer median duration of bacteremia (4.5 versus 1 day, P = 0.01), but no di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severity of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in solid organ transplant patients.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · December 2007 Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide spectrum of disease severity. Studies have implicated immunosuppressants as a risk factor for severe disease. We hypothesized that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients with CDAD would be at great ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia among intensive care unit patients without cystic fibrosis: a case-control study.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · August 2007 BACKGROUND: The Burkholderia cepacia complex is associated with colonization or disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For patients without CF, this complex is poorly understood apart from its presence in occasional point source outbreaks. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prospective Aspergillus galactomannan antigen testing in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · July 2007 BACKGROUND: The galactomannan (GM) assay is an approved noninvasive test for detection of invasive aspergillosis (IA) that has been validated in adult patients with hematologic malignancies who are undergoing bone marrow transplantation. There have been fe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantification of 1,3-beta-D-glucan levels in children: preliminary data for diagnostic use of the beta-glucan assay in a pediatric setting.

Journal Article Clin Vaccine Immunol · July 2007 1,3-Beta-D-Glucan serum levels have demonstrated good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of candidiasis in adult patients, but normal levels for children have not been established. We found higher 1,3-beta-D-glucan levels in children ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the Digene Hybrid Capture System Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA (version 2.0), Roche CMV UL54 analyte-specific reagent, and QIAGEN RealArt CMV LightCycler PCR reagent tests using AcroMetrix OptiQuant CMV DNA quantification panels and specimens from allogeneic-stem-cell transplant recipients.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2007 The Digene Hybrid Capture system cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA (version 2.0), Roche CMV UL54 analyte-specific reagent, and QIAGEN RealArt CMV LightCycler PCR reagent tests were compared using whole-virus standards and plasma specimens collected from allogeneic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter retrospective development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for nosocomial invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · April 2007 The study presented here was performed in order to create a rule that identifies subjects at high risk for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting. Retrospective review and statistical modelling were carried out on 2,890 patients who stayed at l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of laboratory screening criteria for herpes simplex virus testing of cerebrospinal fluid.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2007 Most patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) infection have abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices. Therefore, we implemented screening criteria based on CSF values and host immune status to guide testing. All CSF samples ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · March 1, 2007 Variables influencing the risk of dissemination and outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans infection were assessed in 111 organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis in a prospective, multicenter, international study. Sixty-one percent (68/111) of the pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative evaluation of Etest and sensititre yeastone panels against the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method for testing Candida susceptibility to seven antifungal agents.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2007 To assess their utility for antifungal susceptibility testing in our clinical laboratory, the Etest and Sensititre methods were compared with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method. Fluconazole (F ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal Candida meningitis: significance of cerebrospinal fluid parameters and blood cultures.

Journal Article J Perinatol · February 2007 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters in Candida meningitis and the proportion of candidemia associated with Candida meningitis. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated the initial lumbar punctu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Burkholderia glumae infection in an infant with chronic granulomatous disease.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 2007 An 8-month-old boy developed a necrotic lung mass from which Burkholderia glumae was recovered, leading to the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). While other Burkholderia species have been identified as important pathogens in persons with CG ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infections in the Transplant Recipient

Journal Article · January 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Caspofungin for invasive candidiasis at a tertiary care medical center.

Journal Article Am J Med · November 2006 BACKGROUND: Caspofungin is emerging as first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis. Data on the use of caspofungin for treatment for invasive candidiasis are limited to clinical trials and case reports. We report a single-center experience with 104 consecu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strategies for the prevention of infection after solid organ transplantation.

Journal Article Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther · October 2006 Infection is a frequent complication of organ transplantation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Preventative antimicrobial strategies are a key component of the care received by transplant patients. This review summarizes the evid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Severity of Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea in Solid-Organ Transplant Patients

Conference American Journal of Gastroenterology · September 2006 Full text Cite

Contemporary tools for the diagnosis and management of invasive mycoses

Journal Article Clinical Infectious Diseases · August 1, 2006 Invasive fungal infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality over the past 3 decades. Organ transplantation, the use of aggressive chemotherapy, and the availability and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatments for many medical ail ... Full text Cite

Cost savings with implementation of PNA FISH testing for identification of Candida albicans in blood cultures.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 2006 Antifungal expenditures are substantial for many hospitals. Using caspofungin for the treatment of candidemia accounts for a sizable proportion of the costs. A cost minimization study that used a decision analytic model was done to compare in-hospital diag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-comparative evaluation of the safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · March 2006 Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) over prolonged periods of time. Aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) has shown promise in lung transplant recipients as a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-Aspergillus fungal pneumonia in transplant recipients.

Journal Article Clin Chest Med · December 2005 Although species of Aspergillus and Candida account for most deeply invasive and life-threatening fungal infections, the past decades have seen a rise in the immunocompromised population. With this increase, additional fungi have emerged as important agent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Galactomannan and advances in fungal diagnostics

Journal Article Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation · December 1, 2005 Purpose of review: Invasive fungal infections remain a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised population. Fungal diagnostics, namely the Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (Bio-Rad, Redmond, WA) and the Fungitell 1→-β-D- ... Full text Cite

Allograft loss in renal transplant recipients with cryptococcus neoformans associated immune reconstitution syndrome.

Journal Article Transplantation · October 27, 2005 This study describes the association of allograft loss and immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in the course of Cryptococcosis neoformans infection in renal transplant recipients. Patients comprised 54 renal allograft recipients with cryptococcosis in a p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antifungal management practices and evolution of infection in organ transplant recipients with cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Journal Article Transplantation · October 27, 2005 BACKGROUND: Therapeutic practices for Cryptococcus neoformans infection in transplant recipients vary, particularly with regards to antifungal agent employed, and duration of therapy. The risk of relapse and time to recurrence is not known. We assessed ant ... Full text Link to item Cite

A longitudinal molecular surveillance study of human polyomavirus viremia in heart, kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant patients.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · October 15, 2005 In this study of 263 heart, kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant patients, BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) DNAemia were observed most commonly in kidney and/or pancreas transplant patients (26%), although they were also observed, to a lesser extent, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Herpesvirus infections in solid organ transplant patients at high risk of primary cytomegalovirus disease.

Conference J Infect Dis · October 15, 2005 The epidemiology of infections with 5 human herpesviruses (HHVs) (HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8, varicella zoster virus [VZV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) was investigated during the first year after solid organ transplantation in 263 patients who received oral ga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Candida glabrata fungemia in transplant patients receiving voriconazole after fluconazole.

Journal Article Transplantation · September 27, 2005 The clinical impact of voriconazole resistance in Candida glabrata is not well described. Five hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients that developed breakthrough Candida glabrata bloodstream infections while receiving voriconazole are described and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1-->3) beta-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · September 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: Measurement of (1-->3)-beta-D-Glucan (BG) has emerged as an adjunct diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (IFI). METHODS: Subjects at 6 clinical sites in the United States were enrolled as either fungal infection-negative subjects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reproducibility of low galactomannan enzyme immunoassay index values tested in multiple laboratories.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 2005 The Platelia galactomannan enzyme immunoassay is a commercially available nonculture method for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. Recently, steps have been taken to improve sensitivity; specifically, a low (0.5 to 0.7) galactomannan index (GMI) value to d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Echinocandins: role in antifungal therapy, 2005.

Journal Article Expert Opin Pharmacother · August 2005 Novel therapies to treat invasive fungal infections have revolutionised the care of patients with candidiasis, aspergillosis and other less common fungal infections. Physicians in the twenty first century have access to safer versions of conventional drugs ... Full text Link to item Cite

An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · June 15, 2005 BACKGROUND: We describe an immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)-like entity in the course of evolution of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. METHODS: The study population comprised a cohort of 83 consecutive organ transplant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacodynamics of oral ganciclovir and valganciclovir in solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Transplantation · June 15, 2005 BACKGROUND: A randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir following oral administration of ganciclovir or valganciclovir for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in solid organ transplant recipients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter evaluation of a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization probe for characterization of yeast isolates from blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · June 2005 We evaluated aliquots from 244 clinical blood culture bottles that demonstrated yeasts on Gram stain using a Candida albicans peptide nucleic acid (PNA) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ... Full text Link to item Cite

Posaconazole.

Journal Article Drugs Today (Barc) · June 2005 Invasive fungal infections are occurring with increasing frequency secondary to medical advances in the areas of transplantation, cancer management and autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, the currently available antifungal armamentarium does not meet the i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Study of renal safety in amphotericin B lipid complex-treated patients.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 1, 2005 To investigate the renal safety of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), records from 3514 ABLC-treated patients with fungal infections were reviewed. The median change in predicted creatinine clearance (CCr) from baseline to the end of therapy was -3 mL/mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemical interactions in the surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes.

Journal Article J Phys Chem B · March 3, 2005 Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) from the alpha-diimine complexes [Ru(bpm)(3)](2+) and [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+) is reported for the first time at a roughened silver electrode. In both cases, a possible adsorbate orientation has been proposed inv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryptococcosis after solid organ transplantation.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · March 2005 Full text Link to item Cite

Infections due to Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans in transplant recipients: clinical characteristics and impact of antifungal agent therapy on outcome.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: Unique characteristics, impact of therapy with antifungal agents, and outcome of infections with Scedosporium species were assessed in transplant recipients. METHODS: The patients comprised a total of 80 transplant recipients with Scedosporium ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from transplant recipients are not selected for resistance to calcineurin inhibitors by current immunosuppressive regimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2005 The immunosuppressants tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine A inhibit calcineurin and have potent antifungal activity. In this study, 24% of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from solid-organ transplant patients exhibited altered sensitivity to these drugs, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetic profile of ganciclovir after its oral administration and from its prodrug, valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacokinet · 2005 BACKGROUND: Valganciclovir (Valcyte) has recently been approved for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in high-risk (CMV donor positive [D+]/recipient negative [R-]) solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Large-scale studies describing the p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for cytomegalovirus viremia and disease developing after prophylaxis in high-risk solid-organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Transplantation · December 27, 2004 BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) D+/R- solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients carry increased risk of developing CMV disease; however, other risk factors in these patients have not been delineated. METHODS: We examined 20 demographic and clinical variabl ... Full text Link to item Cite

New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in lung transplant recipients.

Journal Article Respir Care Clin N Am · December 2004 Infections remain a serious and common problem in lung transplant recipients. Recent years have seen an explosion in the knowledge regarding this major cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are revolutionizing the ap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparoscopic surgery for melanoma metastases to the adrenal gland

Journal Article Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · October 2004 Full text Cite

Virulence associated with outbreak-related strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex among a cohort of patients with bacteremia.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 1, 2004 The Burkholderia cepacia complex includes 9 genomovars. The relative virulence of each is unknown. Host and pathogen features associated with mortality were evaluated among patients with B. cepacia complex bacteremia. Cases were ascertained through review ... Full text Link to item Cite

Absence of cytomegalovirus-resistance mutations after valganciclovir prophylaxis, in a prospective multicenter study of solid-organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · May 1, 2004 We investigated the emergence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) ganciclovir-resistance mutations in 301 high-risk solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients after oral prophylaxis, for 100 days, with either valganciclovir or ganciclovir. For patients treated with ganc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical utility of cytomegalovirus viral load testing for predicting CMV disease in D+/R- solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · April 2004 Despite prophylaxis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is common in donor seropositive (D+)/recipient seronegative (R-) transplant patients after cessation of prophylaxis. Early detection of CMV may allow for pre-emptive therapy to prevent active disease. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and safety of valganciclovir vs. oral ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · April 2004 We compared the efficacy and safety of valganciclovir with those of oral ganciclovir in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in high-risk seronegative solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients of organs from seropositive donors (D+/R-). In this randomise ... Full text Link to item Cite

Aspergillus fumigatus empyema, arthritis, and calcaneal osteomyelitis in a lung transplant patient successfully treated with posaconazole.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · March 2004 A 64-year-old male with Aspergillus fumigatus infection that had disseminated from the lung to the ankle and adjacent bone was treated successfully with posaconazole after therapy with itraconazole and amphotericin B lipid complex failed. Marked clinical i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ab initio calculations and normal coordinate analysis of ruthenium tris-alpha-diimine complexes.

Journal Article Inorg Chem · January 12, 2004 For the first time, a full scaled quantum chemical normal coordinate analysis has been performed on [Ru(LL')(3)](2+) complexes, where LL' = 2,2'-bipyrazine (bpz) or 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm). Geometric structures were fully optimized using density functional ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spontaneous dermal abscesses and ulcers as a result of Serratia marcescens.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · August 2003 Serratia sp have only rarely been reported as isolates from leg ulcers. We describe the case of a middle-aged man with a medical history significant for alcohol-induced cirrhosis who presented with rapidly progressive skin ulcers initially starting as purp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Opportunistic mycelial fungal infections in organ transplant recipients: emerging importance of non-Aspergillus mycelial fungi.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · July 15, 2003 To determine the spectrum and impact of mycelial fungal infections, particularly those due to non-Aspergillus molds, 53 liver and heart transplant recipients with invasive mycelial infections were prospectively identified in a multicenter study. Invasive m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death due to Pandoraea pnomenusa infection after lung transplantation.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 2003 A 30-year-old man died with Pandoraea pnomenusa sepsis after lung transplantation. Pandoraea species are gram-negative rods, closely related to, and commonly misidentified as, Burkholderia cepacia complex or Ralstonia species. Heretofore considered soil ba ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in risk profiles for and mortality associated with invasive aspergillosis among liver transplant recipients.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · January 1, 2003 To discern whether the characteristics and outcome of invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients have evolved during the past decade, 26 patients who underwent transplantation during 1990-1995 (known as "the earlier cohort") were compared with 2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylaxis of invasive mycoses in solid organ transplantation.

Journal Article Curr Opin Infect Dis · December 2002 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Solid organ transplantation is emerging as a life-saving procedure for increasing numbers of patients and invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing these procedures. This paper ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of fungal infection: new technologies for the mycology laboratory.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · 2002 The dramatic increase in nosocomial invasive mycoses over the past two decades has led to increased interest in the area of antifungal development. Unfortunately, the infusion of new diagnostic technology into the clinical mycology laboratory has lagged be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hospital management of tuberculosis in a region with a low incidence of tuberculosis and a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 2001 We prospectively assessed the management of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in an area with a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and a low incidence of TB. Clinicians' assessments were sensitive for TB but had poor predictive va ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infectious complications of lung transplantation.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · September 2001 Lung transplantation is associated with a high incidence of infection which directly impacts the morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. In addition, these infections may also have immunologic consequences that play a role in the evolution o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Viral infections after renal transplantation.

Journal Article Am J Kidney Dis · April 2001 Viral infections are a leading cause of posttransplantation morbidity and mortality. A number of recent developments have altered our understanding and management of these disorders. The pathogenetic roles of several viruses, including human herpesviruses ... Full text Link to item Cite

Significance of blood stream infection after lung transplantation: analysis in 176 consecutive patients.

Journal Article Transplantation · June 15, 2000 BACKGROUND: Although infection is a leading cause of death after lung transplantation, very little is known about the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical significance of bloodstream infections in lung transplant recipients. METHODS: All blood cultures we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycoses in the transplanted patient.

Journal Article Med Mycol · 2000 The incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) has increased considerably over the past 20 years, and transplant recipients are at especially high risk for fungal infections owing to their overall immunosuppressed condition. Organ transplantation procedu ... Link to item Cite

Hospital management of patients suspected of pulmonary TB in a high incidence area for MOTT.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · March 1, 1999 Link to item Cite

Bacteremia and fungemia in lung transplant recipients at Duke University Medical Center.

Journal Article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · March 1, 1999 Link to item Cite

Antifungal resistance trends towards the year 2000. Implications for therapy and new approaches.

Journal Article Drugs · November 1997 Medical advances have led to increased numbers of immunocompromised patients living longer. Coinciding with this increase in the immunocompromised patient population is an increase in the number of clinically significant fungal infections. Unfortunately, w ... Full text Link to item Cite