Scholars@Duke
F Joseph McClernon

F Joseph McClernon

Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
joseph.mcclernon@duke.edu
3527, Durham, NC 27710
2400 Pratt St., 6th Floor, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications

Trends in cannabis and tobacco co-use in the United States, 2002-2021.

Journal Article Addict Behav · November 2024 BACKGROUND: Co-use of cannabis and tobacco poses greater risks than use of either substance individually and may be becoming more prevalent with increasing cannabis medicalization and legalization. We aimed to assess trends in the prevalence of cannabis an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tobacco Exposures are Associated With Healthcare Utilization and Healthcare Costs in Pregnant Persons and Their Newborn Babies.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · October 22, 2024 INTRODUCTION: Identifying healthcare utilization and costs associated with active and passive smoking during pregnancy could help improve health management strategies. AIMS AND METHODS: Data are from the Newborn Epigenetics STudy (NEST), a birth cohort enr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leveraging information from secondary endpoints to enhance dynamic borrowing across subpopulations.

Journal Article Biometrics · October 2024 Randomized trials seek efficient treatment effect estimation within target populations, yet scientific interest often also centers on subpopulations. Although there are typically too few subjects within each subpopulation to efficiently estimate these subp ... Full text Cite

Associations between compliance with very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, abstinence self-efficacy, and quit outcomes in a pilot smoking cessation trial.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · September 1, 2024 BACKGROUND: Switching to Very Low Nicotine Content (VLNC) cigarettes reduces toxicant exposure and nicotine dependence, and may improve smoking cessation. However, non-compliance with VLNCs is often high, which may reduce their effectiveness. Here, we cond ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bidirectional relationships between pain and patterns of cannabis and tobacco use in a US nationally representative sample.

Journal Article Pain · August 21, 2024 One-fifth of US adults experience chronic pain, which is associated with increased tobacco and cannabis use. Although bidirectional relationships between tobacco and pain have been demonstrated, pathways between pain, cannabis use, and co-use of cannabis a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rural-urban differences in smoking quit ratios and cessation-related factors: Results from a nationally representative sample.

Journal Article J Rural Health · August 19, 2024 PURPOSE: There are significant rural/urban disparities that exist in cancer and chronic disease morbidity and mortality, many of which are attributed to increased tobacco use prevalence in rural populations compared to urban. Understanding differences in r ... Full text Link to item Cite

A case study of inclusion of rural populations in research: Implications for science and health equity.

Journal Article Clin Transl Sci · August 2024 Prior research highlights that rural populations have been historically underrepresented/excluded from clinical research. The primary objective of this study was to describe the inclusion of rural populations within our research enterprise using Clinical R ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Modeling the Effects of Policies that Restrict Tobacco Retail Outlets on Prenatal Smoke Exposure and Perinatal Health Care Utilization.

Journal Article Prev Sci · August 2024 Tobacco retail outlet (TRO) density has been associated with increased cotinine levels in pregnant persons and their children. As such, the higher densities of TROs may represent higher levels of active smoking during pregnancy. The purpose of this study i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced nicotine in cigarettes in a marketplace with alternative nicotine systems: randomized clinical trial.

Journal Article Lancet Reg Health Am · July 2024 BACKGROUND: Reducing cigarette addictiveness has the potential to avert millions of yearly tobacco-related deaths worldwide. Substantially reducing nicotine in cigarettes decreases cigarette consumption, but no large clinical trial has determined the effec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking Quit Attempts and Associated Factors Among Rural Adults Who Smoke Daily in the United States.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 21, 2024 INTRODUCTION: Rural American communities are heavily affected by tobacco-related health disparities. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of quit attempts (QAs) and factors that promote or impede QA among rural adults who smoke daily. METHODS: Data f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Parameter Space and Potential for Biomarker Development in 25 Years of fMRI Drug Cue Reactivity: A Systematic Review.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · April 1, 2024 IMPORTANCE: In the last 25 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging drug cue reactivity (FDCR) studies have characterized some core aspects in the neurobiology of drug addiction. However, no FDCR-derived biomarkers have been approved for treatment deve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differences in Normative Beliefs and Tobacco Product Use by Age Among Adults Who Smoke: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample.

Journal Article Subst Use Addctn J · January 2024 BACKGROUND: The prevalence of combusted cigarette (CC) smoking among older adults is stagnant, with 0 declines attributable to e-cigarette (EC) use. Given that normative beliefs are associated with quitting and switching to ECs, we assessed cross-sectional ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developing a shared understanding of translational science within CTSA hubs through facilitated retreats: A case study.

Journal Article J Clin Transl Sci · 2024 Translation of critical and broadly impactful health advancements is stymied by insufficient scientific scrutiny of barriers and roadblocks in the process. The Clinical & Translational Science Award (CTSA) funding opportunity announcement released in July ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of TRACER: A Translational Research Accomplishments Cataloguer for Clinical and Translational Science Award hub activity tracking, evaluation, and decision-making.

Journal Article J Clin Transl Sci · 2024 Organizations supporting translational research and translational science, including Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs, provide a diverse and often changing array of resources, support, and services to a myriad of researchers and researc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pain is associated with exclusive use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Findings from Wave 5 (2018–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Conference Addictive Behaviors · November 1, 2023 Introduction: Rates of tobacco and cannabis use are disproportionately high among individuals with pain, and evidence suggests that pain may engender greater likelihood of substance co-use, yielding additive risk. This study examined national associations ... Full text Cite

Pain is associated with exclusive use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Findings from Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Journal Article Addict Behav · November 2023 INTRODUCTION: Rates of tobacco and cannabis use are disproportionately high among individuals with pain, and evidence suggests that pain may engender greater likelihood of substance co-use, yielding additive risk. This study examined national associations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stagnant daily smoking prevalence between 2008 and 2019 among Black and Hispanic adults with serious psychological distress.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · July 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: Racial/ethnic minority status and mental illness independently drive inequity in cigarette smoking and related morbidity. Racial/ethnic minority groups suffer a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related diseases. People with serious mental ill ... Full text Link to item Cite

Older age is associated with greater misperception of the relative health risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among US adults who smoke.

Journal Article Tob Control · May 3, 2023 INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥55 has remained stagnant over the past decade. National data modelling suggests no reduction in cigarette smoking prevalence attributable to e-cigarette use in the USA among people aged ≥ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking abstinence and cessation-related outcomes one month after an immediate versus gradual reduction in nicotine content of cigarettes.

Journal Article Prev Med · December 2022 The United States Food and Drug Administration has the authority to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes to minimal or non-addictive levels and could do so immediately or gradually over time. A large clinical trial compared the two approaches. This se ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smokers' Self-Report and Behavioral Reactivity to Combined Personal Smoking Cues (Proximal + Environment + People): A Pilot Study.

Journal Article Brain Sci · November 15, 2022 Cue reactivity (CR) among smokers exposed to smoking-related stimuli, both proximal (e.g., cigarettes, lighter) and distal (environments, people), has been well-demonstrated. Furthermore, past work has shown that combining proximal smoking cues with smokin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tobacco Retail Outlets, Neighborhood Deprivation and the Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · November 12, 2022 INTRODUCTION: Smoking and smoke exposure among pregnant women remain persistent public health issues. Recent estimates suggest that approximately one out of four nonsmokers have measurable levels of cotinine, a marker indicating regular exposure to secondh ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neighborhood Deprivation is Associated with Increased Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure.

Journal Article Prev Sci · October 2022 Despite years of advisories against the behavior, smoking among pregnant women remains a persistent public health issue in the USA. Recent estimates suggest that 9.4% of women smoke before pregnancy and 7.1% during pregnancy in the USA. Epidemiological res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Gamified Mobile Health Contingency Management Intervention for PrEP Adherence Among Black MSM.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · October 2022 Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing HIV. However, low adherence is common and undermines these protective effects. This is particularly relevant for groups with disproportionately higher rates of HIV, including Black men who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Menthol preference moderates the relationship between cigarette nicotine content choice and reactions in young adults who smoke infrequently.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · September 1, 2022 BACKGROUND: Half of young adults who smoke use menthol cigarettes, which is associated with continued smoking and greater nicotine dependence. Additionally, early subjective reactions to cigarettes predict future use. Menthol may blunt the sensory effects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiple Tobacco Product Use Conceptual Framework: A 2021 Update on Evidence.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 13, 2022 INTRODUCTION: One-third of adults in the United States who use tobacco regularly use two or more types of tobacco products. As the use of e-cigarettes and other noncombusted tobacco products increases-making multiple tobacco product (MTP) use increasingly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preliminary Evaluation of Short-Term Abstinence Effects Among Never-Smoking Experienced Users of Modern Electronic Cigarettes.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 15, 2022 INTRODUCTION: ECIG use has increased among non-smokers, with the potential negative consequence of developing nicotine dependence. ECIG users report withdrawal symptoms upon abstinence, though the significance of these symptoms has been questioned. This pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spatially Varying Associations of Neighborhood Disadvantage with Alcohol and Tobacco Retail Outlet Rates.

Journal Article Int J Environ Res Public Health · April 26, 2022 More than 30% of cancer related deaths are related to tobacco or alcohol use. Controlling and restricting access to these cancer-causing products, especially in communities where there is a high prevalence of other cancer risk factors, has the potential to ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A methodological checklist for fMRI drug cue reactivity studies: development and expert consensus.

Journal Article Nat Protoc · March 2022 Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). Although there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms of SUDs and SUD trea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations of Alcohol and Tobacco Retail Outlet Rates with Neighborhood Disadvantage.

Journal Article Int J Environ Res Public Health · January 20, 2022 Tobacco causes 29% of cancer-related deaths while alcohol causes 5.5% of cancer-related deaths. Reducing the consumption of these cancer-causing products is a special priority area for the National Cancer Institute. While many factors are linked to tobacco ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prediction of Smoking Risk From Repeated Sampling of Environmental Images: Model Validation.

Journal Article J Med Internet Res · November 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Viewing their habitual smoking environments increases smokers' craving and smoking behaviors in laboratory settings. A deep learning approach can differentiate between habitual smoking versus nonsmoking environments, suggesting that it may be p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identifying neural signatures of tobacco retail outlet exposure: Preliminary validation of a "community neuroscience" paradigm.

Journal Article Addict Biol · September 2021 An extensive epidemiological literature indicates that increased exposure to tobacco retail outlets (TROs) places never smokers at greater risk for smoking uptake and current smokers at greater risk for increased consumption and smoking relapse. Yet resear ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactions to reduced nicotine content cigarettes in a sample of young adult, low-frequency smokers.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2021 RATIONALE: Reducing nicotine content in cigarettes to ≤ 2.4 mg per g of tobacco [mg/g] reduces smoking behavior and toxicant exposure among adult daily smokers. However, cigarettes with similar nicotine content could support continued experimentation and s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Responses to Gradual and Immediate Reduction of Nicotine in Cigarettes in Young Versus Older Adult Smokers.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 18, 2021 INTRODUCTION: As the FDA works to determine whether a nicotine reduction policy would benefit public health, one key question is whether to mandate an immediate or gradual reduction in nicotine levels in cigarettes. The aim of this study was to determine w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Appeal, subjective effects, and relative reinforcing effects of JUUL that vary in flavor and nicotine content.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · June 2021 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate characteristics of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Prior research indicates that regulation of certain characteristics of these products may have an effect on their appeal and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experiences With Smoking Cessation Attempts and Prior Use of Cessation Aids in Smokers With HIV: Findings From a Focus Group Study Conducted in Durham, North Carolina.

Journal Article AIDS Educ Prev · April 2021 Cigarette smoking remains disproportionately prevalent and is increasingly a cause of death and disability among people with HIV (PWH). Many PWH are interested in quitting, but interest in and uptake of first-line smoking cessation pharmacotherapies are va ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cigarette Smoking and Cessation-Related Interactions With Health Care Providers in the Context of Living With HIV: Focus Group Study Findings.

Journal Article J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care · March 2021 Smoking is disproportionately prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with the general population. We conducted five focus groups (n = 24) using semi-structured interview guides to explore perceptions and experiences of smoking and cessation ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Support for a nicotine reduction policy among participants enrolled in a 20-week trial of very low nicotine content cigarettes.

Journal Article Addict Behav · March 2021 INTRODUCTION: The Food and Drug Administration is considering a policy to drastically reduce the allowable nicotine content of cigarettes. The current study examined whether the policy implementation approach, i.e., either immediately reducing nicotine con ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prediction of Smoking Risk From Repeated Sampling of Environmental Images: Model Validation (Preprint)

Journal Article · February 11, 2021 BACKGROUNDViewing their habitual smoking environments increases smokers’ craving and smoking behaviors in laboratory settings. A deep learning approach can differentiate between habitual ... Full text Cite

Review of Popularity and Quality Standards of Opioid-Related Smartphone Apps.

Journal Article Curr Addict Rep · December 2020 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Opioid misuse, addiction, and related harm is a global crisis that affects public health and social and economic welfare. Many of the strategies being used to combat the opioid crisis could benefit from improved access and dissemination, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Not Quite the Rule, But No Longer the Exception: Multiple Tobacco Product Use and Implications for Treatment, Research, and Regulation.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · October 29, 2020 The patterns of tobacco product use in the United States have changed during the past several decades. Currently, a large proportion of tobacco users report using multiple tobacco products (MTPs). The prevalence of MTP use varies significantly by cigarette ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Smoking Cessation App Designed for Individuals With Co-Occurring Tobacco Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 24, 2020 INTRODUCTION: High rates of tobacco use among people with serious mental illness (SMI), along with their unique needs, suggest the importance of developing tailored smoking cessation interventions for this group. Previous early-phase work empirically valid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Disrupt the Feedback Loop of Affective States and Smoking Behavior.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 16, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Smoking to reduce negative affect has been identified as a key motivational feature of tobacco use. Our recent work suggests that smoking very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes reduces the relationship between negative affect and smoking ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and Piloting Testing of an Experimental Tobacco and Nicotine Product Marketplace.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 12, 2020 INTRODUCTION: We describe the development and pilot testing of the experimental tobacco and nicotine product marketplace (ETM)-a method for studying tobacco and nicotine product (TNP) choices and use behavior in a standardized way. AIMS AND METHODS: The ET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased subjective and reinforcing effects of initial nicotine exposure in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to matched peers: results from an experimental model of first-time tobacco use.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · April 2020 Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for adverse cigarette smoking outcomes, and little is known about factors underlying this risk. This study sought to evaluate the effects of initial nicotine exposure in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk perceptions regarding cigarette smoking in the United States continue to decline.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · April 1, 2020 Nationally representative data from the years 2006-2015 indicate that the prevalence of perceived great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day has declined significantly among the United States general population. These findings have impor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and a Panel of Exposure and Effect Biomarkers: Findings from Two Studies of U.S. Commercial Cigarette Smokers.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · April 2020 BACKGROUND: We examined the nicotine metabolite ratio's (NMR) relationship with smoking intensity, nicotine dependence, and a broad array of biomarkers of exposure and biological effect in commercial cigarette smokers. METHODS: Secondary analysis was condu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Digital envirotyping: quantifying environmental determinants of health and behavior.

Journal Article NPJ Digit Med · 2020 Digital phenotyping efforts have used wearable devices to connect a rich array of physiologic data to health outcomes or behaviors of interest. The environmental context surrounding these phenomena has received less attention, yet is critically needed to u ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Impact of Gradual and Immediate Nicotine Reduction on Subjective Cigarette Ratings.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 23, 2019 BACKGROUND: A recent clinical trial showed that an immediate transition to very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, compared with a gradual transition, produced greater reductions in smoking behavior, smoke exposure, and dependence. However, there was ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anticipated Effects of Nicotine Reduction on Youth Smoking Initiation and Maintenance.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 23, 2019 This commentary summarizes emerging findings on the potential impact of a nicotine reduction policy on youth and young adults. We conclude that: (1) adolescent smokers and nonsmokers alike are likely to be less sensitive to reinforcement from very low nico ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking abstinence effects on emotion dysregulation in adult cigarette smokers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · December 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is robustly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but little is known about psychological mechanisms accounting for this comorbid relationship. This study examined difficulties in emotion regulation, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Formative, multimethod case studies of learn to quit, an acceptance and commitment therapy smoking cessation app designed for people with serious mental illness.

Journal Article Transl Behav Med · November 25, 2019 Despite public health efforts, individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) still have very high rates of tobacco smoking. Innovative approaches to reach this population are needed. These series of case studies aimed to descriptively evaluate the usabilit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV.

Journal Article Int J Environ Res Public Health · September 12, 2019 Cigarette pack graphic warning labels (GWLs) are associated with increased knowledge of tobacco-related harms; scant research has evaluated their effects on behavior among vulnerable populations. We used a behavioral economic approach to measure the effect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identifying Smoking Environments From Images of Daily Life With Deep Learning.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · August 2, 2019 IMPORTANCE: Environments associated with smoking increase a smoker's craving to smoke and may provoke lapses during a quit attempt. Identifying smoking risk environments from images of a smoker's daily life provides a basis for environment-based interventi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age Moderates Smokers' Subjective Response to Very-Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 21, 2019 INTRODUCTION: Reducing the level of nicotine in cigarettes is a regulatory strategy that has the potential to greatly improve public health. If nicotine levels are reduced in all commercially available cigarettes, current smokers might find it easier to qu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mobile Applications for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence.

Journal Article Curr Addict Rep · June 2019 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Smoking remains a leading preventable cause of premature death in the world; thus, developing effective and scalable smoking cessation interventions is crucial. This review uses the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco Use on Brain Reward Function: Interaction With Nicotine Dependence Severity.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · May 21, 2019 INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effects of nicotine/tobacco on neural activation during performance of a monetary incentive delay task. AIMS AND METHODS: Prior to each scan, nonsmokers received nicotine or placebo nasal spray, and smokers were sm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · May 21, 2019 INTRODUCTION: Techniques employed in the field of neuroscience, such as eye tracking, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have been important in informing our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying tobacco smoki ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlates of support for a nicotine-reduction policy in smokers with 6-week exposure to very low nicotine cigarettes.

Journal Article Tob Control · May 2019 BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration recently issued an advanced notice of proposed rule-making for reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes to a minimally addictive level. Very little is known about whether use of very low nicotine content ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Multiple Tobacco Product Use and the Impact of Regulatory Action.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 18, 2019 INTRODUCTION: Over 35% of the adult tobacco-using population regularly use more than one tobacco product. Although rates of tobacco use in the United States have declined over the last decade, rates of multiple tobacco product (MTP) have either remained st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined Smoking Cues Enhance Reactivity and Predict Immediate Subsequent Smoking.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · January 4, 2019 INTRODUCTION: Cue reactivity (CR) research has reliably demonstrated robust cue-induced responding among smokers exposed to common proximal smoking cues (eg, cigarettes, lighter). More recent work demonstrates that distal stimuli, most notably the actual e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users' anticipated responses to a nicotine reduction policy and menthol ban in combusted cigarettes.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · January 1, 2019 BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess young adult dual e-cigarette (EC) and combusted cigarette (CC) users' anticipated responses to a hypothetical very low nicotine content product standard and menthol ban in CC. METHODS: Data came from 240 young ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal stability in cigarette smokers of urinary biomarkers of exposure to the toxicants acrylonitrile and acrolein.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 The urinary metabolites cyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA) and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) have been widely used as biomarkers of exposure to acrylonitrile and acrolein, respectively, but there are no published data on their consistency over ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal stability in cigarette smokers of urinary eicosanoid biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2019 The urinary metabolites (Z)-7-[1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid (8-iso-PGF2α), an F2-isoprostane and biomarker of oxidative damage, and "prostaglandin E2 metabolite" (PGE-M), a biomarker of inflammation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users' anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions.

Journal Article Subst Use Misuse · 2019 Introduction: The aim of this exploratory study was to assess young adult dual e-cigarette (EC) and combusted cigarette (CC) users' anticipated responses to hypothetical market restrictions regarding key EC characteristics. Methods: Data came from 240 youn ... Full text Link to item Cite

Whether to push or pull? Nicotine reduction and non-combusted alternatives - Two strategies for reducing smoking and improving public health.

Journal Article Prev Med · December 2018 Combustible cigarettes remain the most harmful and addictive tobacco product, and reducing the prevalence of smoking continues to be a critical public health goal. While nicotine is the constituent primarily responsible for addiction to cigarettes, most of ... Full text Link to item Cite

What Do Smokers Want in A Smartphone-Based Cessation Application?

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · November 15, 2018 BACKGROUND: Fueled by rapid technological advances over the past decade, there is growing interest in the use of smartphones to aid in smoking cessation. Hundreds of applications have been developed for this purpose, but little is known about how these app ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceived risk of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Care · October 2018 Perceived risk of smoking is associated with smoking status, interest in quitting, cessation attempts, and quit success. Research is needed to explore risk perceptions of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Data came fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smartphone-Based Contingency Management Intervention to Improve Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence: Pilot Trial.

Journal Article JMIR Mhealth Uhealth · September 10, 2018 BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provides a strong preventative benefit to individuals at risk for HIV. While PrEP adherence is highly correlated with its efficacy, adherence rates are variable both across and within persons. OBJECTIVE: The obje ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adherence to Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Literature Review and Synthesis of Correlates and Barriers.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · September 4, 2018 INTRODUCTION: Efficacious pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation are available, but poor adherence to these treatments may limit these interventions overall impact. To improve adherence to smoking cessation interventions, it is first necessary ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA · September 4, 2018 IMPORTANCE: The optimal temporal approach for reducing nicotine to minimally or nonaddictive levels in all cigarettes sold in the United States has not been determined. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of immediate vs gradual reduction in nicotine cont ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting Smoking Events with a Time-Varying Semi-Parametric Hawkes Process Model.

Journal Article Proc Mach Learn Res · August 2018 Health risks from cigarette smoking - the leading cause of preventable death in the United States - can be substantially reduced by quitting. Although most smokers are motivated to quit, the majority of quit attempts fail. A number of studies have explored ... Link to item Cite

Perceived nicotine content of reduced nicotine content cigarettes is a correlate of perceived health risks.

Journal Article Tob Control · July 2018 BACKGROUND: Reducing cigarette nicotine content may reduce smoking. Studies suggest that smokers believe that nicotine plays a role in smoking-related morbidity. This may lead smokers to assume that reduced nicotine means reduced risk, and attenuate potent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes on individual withdrawal symptoms over time and during abstinence.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · June 2018 In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has initiated a public dialogue about reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes. A reduced-nicotine standard could increase withdrawal symptoms among current smokers. We examined the impact of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decline in the perceived risk of cigarette smoking between 2006 and 2015: Findings from a U.S. nationally representative sample.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · April 1, 2018 INTRODUCTION: Perceived risk of smoking is associated with smoking status, interest in quitting, quit attempts, and sustained quitting. Tracking and reporting of risk perceptions is integral to inform regulation and education. However, no research describe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Childhood ADHD Symptoms and Future Illicit Drug Use: The Role of Adolescent Cigarette Use.

Journal Article J Pediatr Psychol · March 1, 2018 OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to understand how early cigarette use might predict subsequent illicit drug use, especially among individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during childhood. METHODS: Data were drawn from ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD, Smoking Withdrawal, and Inhibitory Control: Results of a Neuroimaging Study with Methylphenidate Challenge.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · March 2018 Smoking withdrawal negatively impacts inhibitory control, and these effects are greater for smokers with preexisting attention problems, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study preliminarily evaluated changes in inhibitor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceptual Characterization of the Macronutrient Picture System (MaPS) for Food Image fMRI.

Journal Article Front Psychol · 2018 Food image fMRI paradigms are used widely for investigating the neural basis of ingestive behavior. However, these paradigms have not been validated in terms of ingestive behavior constructs, engagement of food-relevant neural systems, or test-retest relia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm.

Journal Article Epigenetics · 2018 Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and altered DNA methylation in sperm from humans and rats, respectively. DNA methylation, measur ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Predicting Smoking Events with a Time-Varying Semi-Parametric Hawkes Process Model

Conference Proceedings of Machine Learning Research · January 1, 2018 Health risks from cigarette smoking - the leading cause of preventable death in the United States - can be substantially reduced by quitting. Although most smokers are motivated to quit, the majority of quit attempts fail. A number of studies have explored ... Cite

Implicit Attitudes and Smoking Behavior in a Smoking Cessation Induction Trial.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 13, 2017 INTRODUCTION: Although studies have suggested that implicit attitudes may predict smoking-related decisions, evidence that changes in implicit attitudes toward smoking are related to changes in smoking behavior is lacking. Using data from a trial comparing ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Pilot Trial Examining African American and White Responses to Algorithm-Guided Smoking Cessation Medication Selection in Persons Living with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · July 2017 Algorithm-based treatments (AT) may be an effective clinical tool to aid HIV clinicians in prescribing pharmacotherapy to increase smoking cessation among people living with HIV (PLWH). Initial results from AT indicated significant increases in abstinence ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking environment cues reduce ability to resist smoking as measured by a delay to smoking task.

Journal Article Addict Behav · April 2017 INTRODUCTION: Environments associated with smoking may promote lapse and relapse in smokers attempting to quit. Here we examined the effects of exposure to visual smoking environment cues on smoking urge and the ability to resist smoking, as measured with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association Between Baseline Corticothalamic-Mediated Inhibitory Control and Smoking Relapse Vulnerability.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · April 1, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Tobacco use disorder is associated with dysregulated neurocognitive function in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)-one node in a corticothalamic inhibitory control (IC) network. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between IC neural circuitry ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine increases anterior insula activation to expected and unexpected outcomes among nonsmokers.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 2017 RATIONALE: Tobacco has a higher rate of dependence than other drugs of abuse. However, the psychopharmacological effects of nicotine are incongruent with the tenacity of tobacco addiction since nicotine does not produce robust euphoria in humans or self-ad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reducing nicotine exposure results in weight gain in smokers randomised to very low nicotine content cigarettes.

Journal Article Tob Control · March 2017 BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration can reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. This potential regulatory action is hypothesised to improve public health by reducing smoking, but may have unintended consequences related to we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use and Perceived Risk of Electronic Cigarettes Among North Carolina Middle and High School Students.

Conference N C Med J · 2017 PURPOSE: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise among adolescents, but little is known regarding their risk perceptions of e-cigarette use. We aimed to describe the lifetime use and perceived risk of e-cigarette use in the context of othe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a reduced nicotine product standard: Moderating effects of and impact on cannabis use.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1, 2016 INTRODUCTION: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act authorized the FDA to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes. Research is needed to guide proposed regulations, including evaluation of consequences to public health. This study evaluat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking Abstinence-Induced Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity with Ventral Striatum Predict Lapse During a Quit Attempt.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · September 2016 The ventral and dorsal striatum are critical substrates of reward processing and motivation and have been repeatedly linked to addictive disorders, including nicotine dependence. However, little is known about how functional connectivity between these and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function.

Journal Article Addict Biol · July 2016 Featured Publication Smoking abstinence impairs executive function, which may promote continued smoking behavior and relapse. The differential influence of nicotine and non-nicotine (i.e. sensory, motor) smoking factors and related neural substrates is not known. In a fully fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-cigarette tobacco and poly-tobacco use among persons living with HIV drawn from a nationally representative sample.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · May 1, 2016 INTRODUCTION: Smoking is more prevalent among persons living with HIV (PLWH) than the general population. Little is known about the prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco and poly-tobacco use (PTU; using multiple tobacco products) among this population, which ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blunted striatal response to monetary reward anticipation during smoking abstinence predicts lapse during a contingency-managed quit attempt.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2016 RATIONALE: Tobacco smoking is associated with dysregulated reward processing within the striatum, characterized by hypersensitivity to smoking rewards and hyposensitivity to non-smoking rewards. This bias toward smoking reward at the expense of alternative ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal and Insular Response to Smoking-Related Environments: Neuroimaging Evidence for Drug-Context Effects in Nicotine Dependence.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · February 2016 Featured Publication Environments associated with prior drug use provoke craving and drug taking, and set the stage for lapse/relapse. Although the neurobehavioral bases of environment-induced drug taking have been investigated with animal models, the influence of drug-environ ... Full text Link to item Cite

"I Use Weed for My ADHD": A Qualitative Analysis of Online Forum Discussions on Cannabis Use and ADHD.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2016 BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for problematic cannabis use. However, clinical and anecdotal evidence suggest an increasingly popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD, including via online resou ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The fMRI BOLD response to unisensory and multisensory smoking cues in nicotine-dependent adults.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 30, 2015 Given that the vast majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of drug cue reactivity use unisensory visual cues, but that multisensory cues may elicit greater craving-related brain responses, the current study sought to compare the f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased Functional Connectivity in an Insula-Based Network is Associated with Improved Smoking Cessation Outcomes.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2015 Featured Publication Little is known regarding the underlying neurobiology of smoking cessation. Neuroimaging studies indicate a role for the insula in connecting the interoceptive awareness of tobacco craving with a larger brain network that motivates smoking. We investigated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Suboptimal foraging behavior: a new perspective on gambling.

Journal Article Behav Neurosci · October 2015 Why do people gamble? Conventional views hold that gambling may be motivated by irrational beliefs, risk-seeking, impulsive temperament, or dysfunction within the same reward circuitry affected by drugs of abuse. An alternate, unexplored perspective is tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized Trial of Reduced-Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · October 2015 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration can set standards that reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial between June 2013 and July 2014 at 10 sites. Eligibility criteria inclu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial differences in parenting style typologies and heavy episodic drinking trajectories.

Journal Article Health Psychol · July 2015 OBJECTIVE: This study examines racial differences between Whites and Blacks in the association of parenting style typologies with changes in heavy episodic drinking from adolescence to young adulthood. METHOD: The analytic sample consists of 9,942 adolesce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Olfactory cue reactivity in nicotine-dependent adult smokers.

Journal Article Psychol Addict Behav · March 2015 Cue-elicited reactivity is a significant factor in relapse during smoking quit attempts. Previous research has focused primarily on visual smoking cues, with very limited research examining reactivity to olfactory triggers. Twenty-six adult non-treatment-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and smoking trajectories: race and gender differences.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · March 1, 2015 PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms severity and directionality (hyperactive-impulsive symptoms relative to inattentive symptoms) on trajectories of the probability of current (past month) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking abstinence and neurocognition: implications for cessation and relapse.

Journal Article Curr Top Behav Neurosci · 2015 Featured Publication In this chapter, we review the last decade of research on the effects of smoking abstinence on various forms of neurocognition, including executive function (working memory, sustained attention, response inhibition), reward processing, and cue-reactivity. ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD and smoking

Chapter · January 1, 2015 Introduction Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the United States. Annually, smoking leads to more than 400 000 premature deaths in the USA and nearly 5 million deaths worldwide [1]. In the USA alone, $150 billion ... Full text Cite

Associations between gray matter volume, smoker status, and smoking heaviness

Journal Article Drug and Alcohol Dependence · January 2015 Full text Cite

Smoking automaticity and tolerance moderate brain activation during explore-exploit behavior.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · December 30, 2014 The adaptive trade-off between exploration and exploitation is a key component in models of reinforcement learning. Over the past decade, these models have been applied to the study of reward-seeking behavior. Drugs of addiction induce reward-seeking behav ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · November 2014 Featured Publication Smoking cessation results in withdrawal symptoms such as craving and negative mood that may contribute to lapse and relapse. Little is known regarding whether these symptoms are associated with the nicotine or non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke. Us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of varenicline and cognitive bias modification on neural response to smoking-related cues: study protocol for a randomized controlled study.

Journal Article Trials · October 7, 2014 BACKGROUND: Smoking-related cues can trigger drug-seeking behaviors, and computer-based interventions that reduce cognitive biases towards such cues may be efficacious and cost-effective cessation aids. In order to optimize such interventions, there needs ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Examining the effects of initial smoking abstinence on response to smoking-related stimuli and response inhibition in a human laboratory model.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2014 RATIONALE: Research is needed on initial smoking abstinence and relapse risk. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of different durations of initial abstinence on sensitivity to smoking-related stimuli and response inhibition in the contex ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pilot study of lis-dexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX/SPD489) to facilitate smoking cessation in nicotine-dependent adults with ADHD.

Journal Article J Atten Disord · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of lis-dexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) as an adjunct to nicotine replacement therapy in adult smokers with ADHD who were undergoing a quit attempt. METHODS: Thirty-two regular adu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards.

Journal Article Mol Autism · January 31, 2014 BACKGROUND: There has been significant progress in identifying genes that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the heterogeneity of symptom presentation in ASDs impedes the detection of ASD risk genes. One approach to understanding ge ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Combined ecological momentary assessment and global positioning system tracking to assess smoking behavior: a proof of concept study.

Journal Article J Dual Diagn · 2014 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods have provided a rich assessment of the contextual factors associated with a wide range of behaviors including alcohol use, eating, physical activity, and smoking. Despite this rich database, this inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking motivation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · January 2014 INTRODUCTION: Smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from smokers without ADHD across a range of smoking outcomes (e.g., higher prevalence rates of smoking, faster progression to regular smoking, and greater difficulty quitting ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between smoking and psychiatric comorbidity in U.S. Iraq- and Afghanistan-era veterans.

Journal Article Psychol Addict Behav · December 2013 The risk of smoking increases with specific psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder); but the risk has also been shown to increase as a function of the number of psychiatric illnesses with which a person is diagnosed. The current study e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking on the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · December 2013 RATIONALE: Cigarette smokers smoke in part because nicotine helps regulate attention. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a measure of early attentional gating that is reduced in abstinent smokers and in groups with attention regulation diff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Childhood economic strains in predicting substance use in emerging adulthood: mediation effects of youth self-control and parenting practices.

Journal Article J Pediatr Psychol · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of childhood economic strains on substance use in young adulthood and to assess the mediating roles of self-control as well as positive parenting during adolescence in a nationally representative longitudinal cohort. MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic receptor gene variants interact with attention deficient hyperactive disorder symptoms to predict smoking trajectories from early adolescence to adulthood.

Journal Article Addict Behav · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CHRNB3 (rs13280604) and CHRNA6 (rs892413) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in predicting sm ... Full text Link to item Cite

If you see something, swipe towards it: Crowdsourced event localization using smartphones

Conference UbiComp 2013 - Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing · October 15, 2013 This paper presents iSee, a crowdsourced approach to detecting and localizing events in outdoor environments. Upon spotting an event, an iSee user only needs to swipe on her smartphone's touchscreen in the direction of the event. These swiping directions a ... Full text Cite

I am your smartphone, and I know you are about to smoke: the application of mobile sensing and computing approaches to smoking research and treatment.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · October 2013 Featured Publication Much is known about the immediate and predictive antecedents of smoking lapse, which include situations (e.g., presence of other smokers), activities (e.g., alcohol consumption), and contexts (e.g., outside). This commentary suggests smartphone-based syste ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methylphenidate does not influence smoking-reinforced responding or attentional performance in adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · October 2013 Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) smoke cigarettes at rates higher than the general population and questions have been raised about how stimulant drugs-the frontline pharmacological treatment for ADHD-influence smoking risk a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual- and community-level correlates of cigarette-smoking trajectories from age 13 to 32 in a U.S. population-based sample.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · September 1, 2013 BACKGROUND: Characterizing smoking behavior is important for informing etiologic models and targeting prevention efforts. This study explored the effects of both individual- and community-level variables in predicting cigarette use vs. non-use and level of ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with anxiety sensitivity and electronic diary negative affect among smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · August 2013 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased smoking initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are neurosteroids that have been associated with mood measures as well as smoking status, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers for smoking cessation.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · June 2013 One way to enhance therapeutic development is through the identification and development of evaluative tools such as biomarkers. This review focuses on putative diagnostic, pharmacodynamic, and predictive biomarkers for smoking cessation. These types of bi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking abstinence on smoking-reinforced responding, withdrawal, and cognition in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2013 RATIONALE: Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a more difficult time quitting smoking compared to their non-ADHD peers. Little is known about the underlying behavioral mechanisms associated with this increased risk. OBJECT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and the bandit: a preliminary study of smoker and nonsmoker differences in exploratory behavior measured with a multiarmed bandit task.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · February 2013 Advantageous decision-making is an adaptive trade-off between exploring alternatives and exploiting the most rewarding option. This trade-off may be related to maladaptive decision-making associated with nicotine dependence; however, explore/exploit behavi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Frontoparietal attentional network activation differs between smokers and nonsmokers during affective cognition.

Journal Article Psychiatry Res · January 30, 2013 Smoking withdrawal-induced disruption of affect and cognition is associated with dysregulated prefrontal brain function, although little is known regarding the neural foci of smoker-nonsmoker differences during affective cognition. Thus, the current study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neural mechanisms of subclinical depressive symptoms in women: a pilot functional brain imaging study.

Journal Article BMC Psychiatry · September 21, 2012 BACKGROUND: Studies of individuals who do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) but with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms may aid in the identification of neurofunctional abnormalities that possibly precede and predict the developm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing the role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 2012 INTRODUCTION: Smoking prevalence among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is elevated relative to non-PTSD smokers, and there is evidence to suggest that affect regulation may be a motivation for smoking among those with this disorder. P ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sex, ADHD symptoms, and smoking outcomes: an integrative model.

Journal Article Med Hypotheses · May 2012 Both females and individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been found to be at increased risk for a range of smoking outcomes, and recent empirical findings have suggested that women with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing.

Journal Article Addict Biol · May 2012 Smoking abstinence disrupts affective and cognitive processes. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of smoking abstinence on emotional information processing. Smokers (n = 17) and non-smokers (n = ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine withdrawal modulates frontal brain function during an affective Stroop task.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 2012 BACKGROUND: Among nicotine-dependent smokers, smoking abstinence disrupts multiple cognitive and affective processes including conflict resolution and emotional information processing (EIP). However, the neurobiological basis of abstinence effects on resol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · March 2012 INTRODUCTION: Previous research on smoking withdrawal in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been limited by the use of retrospective and observational methods and has lacked repeated assessments on the first day of abstinence and evaluation of the co ... Full text Link to item Cite

A preliminary analysis of interactions between genotype, retrospective ADHD symptoms, and initial reactions to smoking in a sample of young adults.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 2012 INTRODUCTION: Initial reactions to cigarettes predict later regular smoking. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have also been shown to increase smoking risk and may moderate the relationship between genotype and smoking. We conduc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Remitted major depression is characterized by reward network hyperactivation during reward anticipation and hypoactivation during reward outcomes.

Journal Article J Affect Disord · February 2012 BACKGROUND: Although functional brain imaging has established that individuals with unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by frontostriatal dysfunction during reward processing, no research to date has examined the chronometry of neura ... Full text Link to item Cite

An examination of differences in variables maintaining smoking behavior in adult smokers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Journal Article Addiction Research and Theory · February 1, 2012 Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke cigarettes at higher rates and have greater difficulty quitting than their non-diagnosed peers. This study examined differences between smokers with and without ADHD on a range of smoki ... Full text Cite

Meditation-State Functional Connectivity (msFC): Strengthening of the Dorsal Attention Network and Beyond.

Journal Article Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · 2012 Meditation practice alters intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN). However, little is known regarding the effects of meditation on other resting-state networks. The aim of current study was to investigate t ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal is associated with increases in brain activation during decision making and reward anticipation: a preliminary study.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 2012 RATIONALE: Acute nicotine abstinence is associated with disruption of executive function and reward processes; however, the neurobiological basis of these effects has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: The effects of nicotine abstinence on brain function ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding the phenotypic structure of adult retrospective ADHD symptoms during childhood in the United States.

Journal Article J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol · 2012 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, and the phenotypic structure comprising inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive type symptoms has been the focus of a growing body of recent research. Methodological studies ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of unexpected changes in visual scenes on the human acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition.

Journal Article Behav Processes · January 2012 Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the process wherein startle responses to salient stimuli (e.g., startling sound pulses) are attenuated by the presentation of another stimulus (e.g., a brief pre-pulse) immediately before the startling stimulus. Accordin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive correlates of the effects of yoga meditation practice on emotion and cognition: a pilot study.

Journal Article Front Integr Neurosci · 2012 Mindfulness meditation involves attending to emotions without cognitive fixation of emotional experience. Over time, this practice is held to promote alterations in trait affectivity and attentional control with resultant effects on well-being and cognitio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Nicotine on Emotional Reactivity in PTSD and Non-PTSD Smokers: Results of a Pilot fMRI Study.

Journal Article Adv Pharmacol Sci · 2012 There is evidence that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may smoke in part to regulate negative affect. This pilot fMRI study examined the effects of nicotine on emotional information processing in smokers with and without PTSD. Across ... Full text Link to item Cite

Yoga meditation practitioners exhibit greater gray matter volume and fewer reported cognitive failures: results of a preliminary voxel-based morphometric analysis.

Journal Article Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · 2012 Hatha yoga techniques, including physical postures (asanas), breathing exercises (pranayama), and meditation, involve the practice of mindfulness. In turn, yoga meditation practices may induce the state of mindfulness, which, when evoked recurrently throug ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the superior frontal gyrus modulates craving for cigarettes.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · October 15, 2011 BACKGROUND: Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown strong correlations between cue-elicited craving for cigarettes and activation of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal symptoms are more severe among smokers with ADHD and independent of ADHD symptom change: results from a 12-day contingency-managed abstinence trial.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · September 2011 INTRODUCTION: Smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have greater difficulty quitting than those without ADHD, but preliminary data (McClernon, Kollins, Lutz, Fitzgerald, Murray, Redman, et al., 2008) suggest equivalent severity of wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive enhancers for the treatment of ADHD.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 2011 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with multiple cognition-related phenotypic features in both children and adults. This review aims to clarify the role of cognition in ADHD and how prevailing treatments, which are often highly e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and obesity and hypertension in early adulthood: a population-based study.

Journal Article Int J Obes (Lond) · June 2011 OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, obesity and hypertension in young adults in a large population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of 15,197 ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The effect of nicotine and trauma context on acoustic startle in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2011 RATIONALE: Exaggerated startle response is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) although results examining differences in the acoustic startle response (ASR) between those with and without PTSD are mixed. One variable that may affect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal modulates right inferior frontal cortex but not presupplementary motor area activation during inhibitory control.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · December 2010 Featured Publication Smokers exhibit decrements in inhibitory control (IC) during withdrawal. The objective of this study was to investigate the neural basis of these effects in critical substrates of IC--right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and presupplementary motor area (pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Silver acetate interactions with nicotine and non-nicotine smoke components.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · December 2010 Oral topical silver-containing formulations were marketed in the 1970s and 1980s as smoking deterrents, based on the finding that when using such formulations, an unpleasant taste occurs upon smoking. This approach has not been widely adopted, however, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal shifts the spatiotemporal dynamics of neurocognition.

Journal Article Addict Biol · October 2010 Featured Publication Smoking withdrawal is associated with significant deficits in the ability to initiate and maintain attention for extended periods of time (i.e. sustained attention; SA). However, the effects of smoking abstinence on the temporal dynamics of neurocognition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bringing the real world into the laboratory: personal smoking and nonsmoking environments.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · September 1, 2010 Pictorial representations of specific environments related to smoking can evoke robust craving to smoke, even in the absence of any proximal cues to smoke (e.g., cigarettes, lighters). To evaluate the salience of smoking environment cues, we developed a no ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal and striatal gray matter volume are associated with a smoking cessation treatment outcome: results of an exploratory voxel-based morphometric analysis.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · July 2010 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Compared to nonsmokers, smokers exhibit a number of potentially important differences in regional brain structure including reduced gray matter (GM) volume and/or density in areas including frontal and cingulate cortices, thalamus, and insula. H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Monetary incentives promote smoking abstinence in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · June 2010 Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke at rates significantly higher than the general population and have more difficulty quitting than nondiagnosed individuals. Currently, there are no evidence-based approaches for reducing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of nicotine on novelty detection and memory recognition performance: double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of smokers and nonsmokers.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2009 RATIONALE: Dependent smokers exhibit deficits in attentional and memory processes when smoking abstinent as compared to when satiated. While nicotine replacement therapy improves attention during abstinence, it is unclear whether this is due to the allevia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adverse childhood events are associated with obesity and disordered eating: results from a U.S. population-based survey of young adults.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · August 2009 The authors investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and obesity in young adulthood (M age = 22) in a large, U.S. representative sample (N = 15,197). Controlling for demographics and depression, men with a history of childhood sexual abuse wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of postnatal parental smoking on parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and oppositional symptoms.

Journal Article J Nerv Ment Dis · June 2009 To assess the effects of postnatal parental smoking on subsequent parent and teacher ratings of DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and oppositional behaviors in children diagnosed with ADHD and their siblings. Children between ... Full text Link to item Cite

24-h smoking abstinence potentiates fMRI-BOLD activation to smoking cues in cerebral cortex and dorsal striatum.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2009 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Exposure to smoking-related cues can trigger relapse in smokers attempting to maintain abstinence. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 24-h smoking abstinence on brain responses to smoking-related cues using functional m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactions between genotype and depressive symptoms on obesity.

Journal Article Behav Genet · May 2009 Depression and Genetic variation in serotonin and monoamine transmission have both been associated with body mass index (BMI), but their interaction effects are not well understood. We examined the interaction between depressive symptoms and functional pol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroimaging of Nicotine Dependence: Key Findings and Application to the Study of Smoking-Mental Illness Comorbidity.

Journal Article J Dual Diagn · April 1, 2009 Featured Publication Modern neuroimaging techniques offer the opportunity to non-invasively study neuroanatomical and neurofunctional correlates of nicotine dependence and its treatment. In the present review, the most widely used neuroimaging techniques-magnetic resonance ima ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between smoking and retrospectively reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a large sample of new mothers.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · March 2009 INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the association between retrospectively reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms experienced during childhood and five cigarette smoking-related outcomes in adulthood. METHODS: A large sample ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking abstinence on reaction time variability in smokers with and without ADHD: an ex-Gaussian analysis.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · February 1, 2009 Smoking abstinence differentially affects cognitive functioning in smokers with ADHD, compared to non-ADHD smokers. Alternative approaches for analyzing reaction time data from these tasks may further elucidate important group differences. Adults smoking > ... Full text Link to item Cite

ADHD and smoking: from genes to brain to behavior.

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · October 2008 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco smoking are among the most common and costly psychiatric and behavioral problems. The rates of co-occurrence of these two common problems are larger than expected by chance. Despite progress in id ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual differences in nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and sex predict transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · August 2008 Exposure to smoking cues increases craving for cigarettes and can precipitate relapse. Whereas brain imaging studies have identified a distinct network of brain regions subserving the processing of smoking cues, little is known about the influence of indiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ad lib smoking in post-traumatic stress disorder: an electronic diary study.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 2008 Using ambulatory methods for 1 week of monitoring, this study investigated the association between smoking and situational cues in 22 smokers with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 23 smokers without PTSD. Generalized estimating equations contraste ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proximal versus distal cues to smoke: the effects of environments on smokers' cue-reactivity.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · June 2008 Smokers are highly reactive to smoking-related cues that are directly linked, or most proximal, to actual smoking behavior (e.g., lit cigarettes). However, over the course of smoking, proximal cues may not be the only stimuli to become strongly associated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between trauma exposure and smoking in a population-based sample of young adults.

Journal Article J Adolesc Health · March 2008 PURPOSE: To evaluate the relation between smoking and trauma exposure in a population-based, longitudinal sample. Contrary to current smoking trends in the general population, recent findings indicate continued high smoking rates in trauma-exposed samples. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking abstinence on adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a preliminary study.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2008 RATIONALE: Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke at higher rates than the general population; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of overnig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genes implicated in serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning predict BMI categories.

Journal Article Obesity (Silver Spring) · February 2008 OBJECTIVE: This study addressed the hypothesis that variation in genes associated with dopamine function (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD4), serotonin function (SLC6A4, and regulation of monoamine levels (MAOA) may be predictive of BMI categories (obese and overweight + ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactions between genotype and retrospective ADHD symptoms predict lifetime smoking risk in a sample of young adults.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · January 2008 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with an increased risk of smoking, and genetic studies have identified similar candidate genes associated with both ADHD and smoking phenotypes. This paper addresses the question of wh ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of cigarette smoking on script-driven imagery in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Addict Behav · December 2007 The study investigated the effects of smoking a nicotinized or denicotinized cigarette on craving, affect and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms while recalling neutral, stressful and traumatic events in smokers with and without PTSD. Smokers co ... Full text Link to item Cite

DRD4 VNTR polymorphism is associated with transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2007 RATIONALE: A dopamine receptor 4 variable number tandem repeat (DRD4 VNTR) polymorphism has been related to reactivity to smoking cues among smokers, but the effect of this genetic variation on brain responses to smoking cues has not been evaluated. OBJECT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increases in impulsivity following smoking abstinence are related to baseline nicotine intake and boredom susceptibility.

Journal Article Addict Behav · October 2007 Trait impulsivity and response inhibition have been shown to be related to smoking behavior. One measure of response inhibition - antisaccade performance, or the ability to inhibit looking at a novel stimulus - has been shown to be worsened by smoking abst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selectively reduced responses to smoking cues in amygdala following extinction-based smoking cessation: results of a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Journal Article Addict Biol · September 2007 Preliminary studies suggest an extinction-based smoking cessation treatment using reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes decreases self-report craving for cigarettes prior to quitting and may be an effective smoking cessation treatment. The aims of this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automatic affective responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · August 2007 The authors examined automatic emotional reactions to smoking cues among 35 smokers and 25 nonsmokers (32 women and 28 men), using a novel implicit measure, the Affect Misattribution Procedure. Associative-learning theories of addiction suggest that smoker ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of foods, beverages, and other factors on cigarette palatability.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · April 2007 While smokers commonly report that various foods and beverages worsen or enhance the taste of cigarettes, the prevalence and diversity of these phenomena have not been studied. We administered an open-ended questionnaire to 209 smokers asking for reports o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain indices of nicotine's effects on attentional bias to smoking and emotional pictures and to task-relevant targets.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · March 2007 Aversive and smoking-related stimuli are related to smoking urges and relapse and can be potent distractors of selective attention. It has been suggested that the beneficial effect of nicotine replacement therapy may be mediated partly by the ability of ni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms predict nicotine dependence and progression to regular smoking from adolescence to young adulthood.

Journal Article J Pediatr Psychol · 2007 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between retrospectively reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and progression to smoking and the association with nicotine dependence. METHODS: Study sample consisted of a nationally represe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms.

Journal Article Obesity (Silver Spring) · January 2007 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of weight loss diets on mood, food cravings, and other self-reported symptoms. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Mood and other symptoms were evaluated by participant self-report using the Atkins Health Indicator Test ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and Stress

Journal Article · January 1, 2007 A two-factor model of smoking accounts for the relation between smoking and stress: (1) smokers with stress-related personality and psychopathological traits smoke in order to alleviate stressful cognitive and affective states and (2) smoking alleviates wi ... Full text Cite

Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2006 RATIONALE: Despite established links between nicotine dependence and depression, little research has examined the effects of nicotine on depression symptoms. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the acute and chronic effects of transdermal nicotine in nonsmoker ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced cue-elicited brain activation in African American compared with Caucasian smokers: an fMRI study.

Journal Article Addict Biol · March 2006 Current evidence indicates that, although African Americans (AA) are more likely to attempt to quit smoking than Caucasians (CC) in any given year, success rates are lower for AA. However, factors contributing to these differences are not well known. In or ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2006 RATIONALE: Nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies in humans and experimental animals to improve cognitive function. Nicotinic treatments are being developed as therapeutic treatments for cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: Critical for the developm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstinence-induced changes in self-report craving correlate with event-related FMRI responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2005 Drug cues have been shown to activate brain regions involved in attention, motivation, and reward in addicted users. However, as studies have typically measured responses in only one state (ie drug abstinence), it is unclear whether observed activations re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association between smoking and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a population-based sample of young adults.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · October 2005 CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with increased risk of smoking, and some studies have suggested that inattentive symptoms specifically may underlie this risk. Few studies, however, have examined ADHD symptoms in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mecamylamine moderates cue-induced emotional responses in smokers.

Journal Article Addict Behav · May 2005 The nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine, has been shown to reduce cue-elicited cocaine craving and to aid in smoking cessation. In a within-subjects design, 16 dependent smokers received mecamylamine (10 mg) or placebo capsules on two different days. Subjec ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of trauma recall on smoking topography in posttraumatic stress disorder and non-posttraumatic stress disorder trauma survivors.

Journal Article Addict Behav · February 2005 Smoking topography was measured in trauma survivors with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after recalling trauma-related and neutral experiences. Analysis of covariance was performed on puff topography and mood measures using nicotine depen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human functional neuroimaging in nicotine and tobacco research: basics, background, and beyond.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 2004 Modern functional neuroimaging techniques allow nicotine and tobacco researchers to investigate the neurobiological basis of addiction in humans. We introduce the methods and measures of the following neuroimaging techniques: Electroencephalography and eve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of nicotine on brain responses to emotional pictures.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 2004 Given that nicotine reduces negative affect, one would expect nicotine to have different effects on brain responses to emotionally negative stimuli than it does on responses to emotionally neutral or positive stimuli. However, no studies have assessed this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cigarette smoking, ambulatory cardiovascular monitoring, and mood in Vietnam veterans with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article Addict Behav · November 2004 This study investigated the association among cigarette smoking, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and ambulatory cardiovascular and mood monitoring in 117 male Vietnam combat veterans (61 with PTSD and 56 without PTSD). Positive smoking status was ass ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms in dependent smokers.

Journal Article Addict Behav · June 2004 This study was designed to assess the effect of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms. In two laboratory sessions, dependent smokers refrained from smoking for 4 h. During a deep breathing session, participants were instructed to take a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · April 2004 Changes in physiology and attentional performance associated with smoking abstinence were characterized in 67 female smokers during low-stress and high-stress conditions. Abstinence was associated with decreases in cognitive performance, heart rate, and el ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of transdermal nicotine on lateralized identification and memory interference.

Journal Article Hum Psychopharmacol · July 2003 It has been proposed that nicotine may enhance performance on tasks requiring primarily left hemisphere (LH) resources while impairing right hemisphere (RH)-based performance. However, this hypothesis has not been directly tested using a lateralized cognit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mood disturbance fails to resolve across 31 days of cigarette abstinence in women.

Journal Article J Consult Clin Psychol · February 2002 Smoking abstinence responses were characterized in 96 female smokers. Participants completed subjective state measures twice per week for 5 weeks and were then randomly assigned to a group required to abstain for 31 days or a control group that continued t ... Full text Link to item Cite

A smoke cloud of confusion.

Journal Article Am Psychol · October 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

A smoke cloud of confusion.

Journal Article American Psychologist · 2000 Full text Cite

EEG, physiology, and task-related mood fail to resolve across 31 days of smoking abstinence: relations to depressive traits, nicotine exposure, and dependence.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · November 1999 Changes in task-related mood and physiology associated with 31 days of smoking abstinence were assessed in smokers, 34 of whom were randomly assigned to a quit group and 22 to a continuing-to-smoke control group. A large financial incentive for smoking abs ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of monetary contingencies on smoking relapse: influences of trait depression, personality, and habitual nicotine intake.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · May 1999 Of 56 male smokers, 34 were randomly assigned (by 60% random odds) to quit smoking immediately, whereas the remaining 22 were assigned to quit after an additional 31 days. Compensation ($300) was contingent on abstinence for a minimum of 31 or 2 days (depe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking abstinence on mood and craving in men: Influences of negative-affect-related personality traits, habitual nicotine intake and repeated measurements

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · January 1, 1998 A two-factor model of individual differences in smoking abstinence response was assessed. The two factors were nicotine bioadaptation (nicotine exposure and self-reported tolerance/dependence) and self-medication for negative affect/psychopathology. Bioada ... Full text Cite

Effects of smoking and telic/paratelic dominance on the contingent negative variation (CNV).

Journal Article Int J Psychophysiol · 1996 Concepts from reversal theory, a general theory of motivation, emotion and action, have recently been shown to be relevant to smoking behavior and smoking cessation. One relevant concept is that of telic and paratelic dominance. Individuals who are paratel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and EEG power spectra: effects of differences in arousal seeking.

Journal Article Int J Psychophysiol · April 1995 Reversal theory, a general theory of motivation, emotion and action, has recently been shown to predict lapses in smoking cessation. Individuals are less likely to lapse if they are in the telic (serious-minded, arousal avoidant, goal-oriented) state than ... Full text Link to item Cite