Jed Eugene Rose

Journal Article Sci Rep · May 2, 2024 How nicotine is administered has evolved from cigarettes to various delivery systems. Assessing perceived dependence on nicotine-containing products now requires accounting for product specificity while allowing comparisons across products and users. This ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of brain nicotine accumulation from traditional combustible cigarettes and electronic cigarettes with different formulations.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · March 2024 Rapid brain accumulation is critical for the acute reinforcing effects of nicotine. Although nicotine formulation (free-base vs. protonated or salt) in electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquid affects user satisfaction, its impact on brain nicotine accumulation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using varenicline in combination with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: Varenicline is efficacious for smoking cessation, but a return to smokingusually occurs after treatment ends. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may enhance smoking reduction and cessation by providing a behavioral substitute for smoki ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adaptive Smoking Cessation Using Precessation Varenicline or Nicotine Patch: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · September 5, 2023 IMPORTANCE: Adaptive pharmacotherapy, ie, starting a medication regimen and then modifying that regimen based on patient response, is common in many medical domains but is not common in smoking cessation. Recently, studies have found that adaptive treatmen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking reduction using electronic nicotine delivery systems in combination with nicotine skin patches.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2023 RATIONALE: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are used by smokers seeking to reduce combustible cigarette (CC) use, but the role of nicotine replacement vs. behavioral and sensory factors is still poorly understood. We hypothesized that providing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Electronic Cigarette Liquid pH on Retention of 11C-Nicotine in a Respiratory Tract Model.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 9, 2023 INTRODUCTION: Based on our preliminary 11C-nicotine positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in humans, we speculated that greater deposition of nicotine in the respiratory tract from electronic cigarettes compared to combustible cigarettes could ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deposition of 11C-radiolabeled nicotine-containing aerosol in an airway cast model using positron emission tomography (PET)

Journal Article Aerosol Science and Technology · January 1, 2023 We recently developed an in vitro system for quantification of deposited mass of labeled aerosol constituents in the human airway under realistic inhalation conditions including temperature and humidity control. The in vitro system consists of the upper re ... Full text Cite

Comparison of brain nicotine uptake from electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes.

Conference Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2022 Brain accumulation rate and magnitude are critical for the acute reinforcing effects of nicotine. Despite electronic cigarettes' (E-cigs) appeal as substitutes for traditional combustible cigarettes (C-cigs), brain nicotine accumulation (BNA) from E-cigs h ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of laboratory-verified smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from the Troina sero-epidemiological survey.

Journal Article Intern Emerg Med · September 2022 Previous research yielded conflicting results on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since the prevalence of smoking is high globally, the study of its impact on COVID-19 pandemic may have considerable implications f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel rapid-acting sublingual nicotine tablet as a cigarette substitution strategy.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2022 RATIONALE: Current nicotine replacement products provide a much slower onset of nicotine delivery than cigarettes, and hence are only marginally effective at supplanting cigarette smoking. Therefore, more effective forms of nicotine replacement are needed. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bupropion/zonisamide combination to assist smokers to switch from combustible cigarettes to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · May 1, 2022 INTRODUCTION: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may offer a much less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes (CC) for adult smokers unwilling or unable to relinquish nicotine. However, dual use of CC and ENDS undermines potential harm redu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic infusions of mecamylamine into the medial habenula: Effects on nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Behav Brain Res · January 7, 2022 The habenula is an epithalamic structure through which descending connections go from the telencephalon to the brainstem, putting it in a key location to provide feedback control over the ascending projections from the brainstem to the telencephalon. The m ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Self-administration by female rats of low doses of nicotine alone vs. nicotine in tobacco smoke extract.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · November 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Nicotine has reinforcing effects, but there are thousands of other compounds in tobacco, some of which might interact with nicotine reinforcement. AIMS: This rat study was conducted to determine if nicotine self-administration is altered by co- ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Seroepidemiological survey on the impact of smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes: Protocol for the troina study

Journal Article Jmir Research Protocols · November 1, 2021 Background: After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, research has highlighted several aspects of the pandemic, focusing on clinical features and risk factors associated with infection and disease severity. However, emerging results on the role of smoking in ... Full text Cite

Addressing traceability of self-reported dependence measurement through the use of crosswalks

Journal Article Measurement Journal of the International Measurement Confederation · August 1, 2021 Measurement in the social sciences has been characterized by deficient justification and underdeveloped conceptual theories. Instruments supposed to measure the same measurand typically do not provide comparable measurements. From the perspective of metrol ... Full text Cite

Correction to: Amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, reduces self-administration of the opiate remifentanil in rats.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 2021 Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Overcoming barriers to disseminate effective smoking cessation treatments globally

Journal Article Drugs and Alcohol Today · September 10, 2020 Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the barriers in the dissemination of effective smoking cessation treatments and services globally. Offering tobacco users help to stop using tobacco is a key demand reduction measure outlined under Article 14 ... Full text Cite

Combination Lorcaserin and Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation Without Weight Gain.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 24, 2020 INTRODUCTION: This study explored the efficacy of combination lorcaserin and nicotine patch for smoking cessation treatment and prevention of postsmoking cessation weight gain. METHODS: We conducted a trial in which 61 adult daily smokers were asked to qui ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Rapid Brain Nicotine Uptake from Electronic Cigarettes.

Journal Article J Nucl Med · June 2020 This study sought to determine brain nicotine kinetics from use of the increasingly popular electronic cigarette (E-cig). Methods: In 17 E-cig users (9 men and 8 women), brain uptake of nicotine after inhalation from E-cigs was directly assessed using 11C- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, reduces self-administration of the opiate remifentanil in rats.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · June 2020 RATIONALE: A variety of neural systems are involved in drug addiction, and some of these systems are shared across different addictive drugs. We have found several different types of drug treatments that successfully reduce nicotine self-administration. OB ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Dextromethorphan and bupropion reduces high level remifentanil self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · June 2020 Opiate addiction has risen substantially during the past decade. New treatments to combat opiate addiction are sorely needed. The current study was conducted to determine the acute individual and interactive effects of bupropion and dextromethorphan in a r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prolonging the Reduction of Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats by Coadministering Chronic Nicotine With Amitifadine, a Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor With CYP2B6 Inhibitory Actions.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 6, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Existing treatments can aid tobacco smoking cessation, but they have low efficacy. Because there is a network of neural systems involved in tobacco addiction, combination treatments may provide greater efficacy. Chronic nicotine and amitifadi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Addressing traceability in social measurement: Establishing a common metric for dependence

Conference Journal of Physics Conference Series · November 29, 2019 Measurement in the social sciences is characterised by a multitude of incompatible paradigms, most of which fail to adhere to fundamental principles of measurement explicated in metrology. This has led to a fragmentation of instruments that are hard to int ... Full text Cite

Chronic memantine decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Eur J Pharmacol · October 15, 2019 Neurobehavioral bases of tobacco addiction and nicotine reinforcement are complex, involving more than only nicotinic cholinergic or dopaminergic systems. Memantine is an NMDA glutamate antagonist used to improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a Botanical Extract that Mimics the Respiratory Cues of Cigarette Smoke

Journal Article Journal of Smoking Cessation · March 1, 2019 Introduction: Cigarette addiction results from both pharmacological effects of nicotine and the rewarding effects of associated cues, including respiratory tract sensations. Aims: This study sought to evaluate the initial acceptability of a non-nicotine bo ... Full text Cite

Why we work with the tobacco industry.

Journal Article Addiction · February 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Developing fit-for-purpose self-report instruments for assessing consumer responses to tobacco and nicotine products: the ABOUT™ Toolbox initiative.

Journal Article F1000Res · 2018 Background. Determining the public health impact of tobacco harm reduction strategies requires the assessment of consumer perception and behavior associated with tobacco and nicotine products (TNPs) with different exposure and risk profiles. In this contex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lorcaserin for Smoking Cessation and Associated Weight Gain: A Randomized 12-Week Clinical Trial.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 1, 2017 INTRODUCTION: Lorcaserin is a selective serotonin 2C receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management. Preclinical data suggest that it may also be effective in smoking cessation through modulation of the dopamine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combination Varenicline/Bupropion Treatment Benefits Highly Dependent Smokers in an Adaptive Smoking Cessation Paradigm.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · August 1, 2017 INTRODUCTION: This study replicated and extended results of a previous trial, which found that combination varenicline/bupropion treatment increased smoking abstinence in smokers who were male, highly dependent, and who did not respond to prequit nicotine ... Full text Link to item Cite

A programmable smoke delivery device for PET imaging with cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine.

Journal Article J Neurosci Methods · May 1, 2017 INTRODUCTION: PET imaging with 11C-nicotine-loaded cigarettes is a valuable tool to directly assess fast nicotine kinetics and its neuropharmacological role in tobacco dependence. To eliminate variations among puffs inhaled by subjects, this work aimed to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduction of nicotine self-administration by chronic nicotine infusion with H1 histamine blockade in female rats.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 2016 RATIONALE: Chronic nicotine infusion via transdermal patches has been widely shown to assist with smoking cessation. In particular, transdermal nicotine treatment prior to quitting smoking helps reduce ad libitum smoking and aids cessation Rose et al. (Nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function.

Journal Article Addict Biol · July 2016 Smoking abstinence impairs executive function, which may promote continued smoking behavior and relapse. The differential influence of nicotine and non-nicotine (i.e. sensory, motor) smoking factors and related neural substrates is not known. In a fully fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dextromethorphan interactions with histaminergic and serotonergic treatments to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2016 Combining effective treatments with diverse mechanisms of action for smoking cessation may provide better therapy by targeting multiple points of control in the neural circuits underlying addiction. Previous research in a rat model has shown that dextromet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute oral 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) decreases both alcohol intake and IV nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · 2016 The ibogaine derivative 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) has been found to decrease self-administration of morphine, nicotine and alcohol in rats after systemic injection. However oral dosing is the preferred route clinically. The current study evaluated the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amitifadine, a triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor, reduces nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal Article Eur J Pharmacol · October 5, 2015 A wider diversity of drug treatments to aid smoking cessation is needed to help tailor the most efficacious treatment for different types of smokers. This study was conducted to determine whether amitifadine, which inhibits re-uptake of dopamine, norepinep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased Functional Connectivity in an Insula-Based Network is Associated with Improved Smoking Cessation Outcomes.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2015 Little is known regarding the underlying neurobiology of smoking cessation. Neuroimaging studies indicate a role for the insula in connecting the interoceptive awareness of tobacco craving with a larger brain network that motivates smoking. We investigated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response to Gorelick.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · April 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Sex-specific effects of cigarette mentholation on brain nicotine accumulation and smoking behavior.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · March 2015 Menthol cigarettes are likely associated with greater risks of smoking dependence than non-menthol cigarettes. We sought to test the hypothesis that menthol increases the rate of brain nicotine accumulation (BNA) during smoking and thereby enhances its add ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bupropion-varenicline interactions and nicotine self-administration behavior in rats.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2015 Varenicline and bupropion each have been shown to significantly improve cessation of tobacco addiction in humans. They act through different mechanisms and the question about the potential added efficacy with their combined used has arisen. Preclinical ani ... Full text Link to item Cite

NIH electronic cigarette workshop: developing a research agenda.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 2015 BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) represent an emerging public health issue. These devices deliver nicotine along with other constituents, including flavorants, via an inhalable aerosol. Their uptake is rapidly increasing in both adults and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroanatomical circuitry mediating the sensory impact of nicotine in the central nervous system.

Journal Article J Neurosci Res · February 2015 Direct actions of nicotine in the CNS appear to be essential for its reinforcing properties. However, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on afferent sensory nerve fibers is an important component of addiction to, and withdrawal from, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · November 2014 Smoking cessation results in withdrawal symptoms such as craving and negative mood that may contribute to lapse and relapse. Little is known regarding whether these symptoms are associated with the nicotine or non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke. Us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combination treatment with varenicline and bupropion in an adaptive smoking cessation paradigm.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · November 1, 2014 OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with varenicline and sustained-release bupropion for smokers who, based on an assessment of initial smoking reduction prior to the quit date, were deemed unlikely to achieve a ... Full text Link to item Cite

IV nicotine self-administration in rats using a consummatory operant licking response: sensitivity to serotonergic, glutaminergic and histaminergic drugs.

Journal Article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · October 3, 2014 Tobacco smoking is characterized by repeated self-administration of nicotine by placing the cigarette in the mouth. The repeated hand-to-mouth self-administration is essentially a consummatory act. We recently developed a paradigm in which rats lick one of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability and response to smoking cessation treatment: a randomized trial.

Journal Article JAMA Psychiatry · July 1, 2014 IMPORTANCE: Cigarette smoking leads to upregulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the human brain, including the common α4β2* nAChR subtype. While subjective aspects of tobacco dependence have been extensively examined as predictors of q ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combination Treatment With Varenicline and Bupropion in an Adaptive Smoking Cessation Paradigm

Journal Article American Journal of Psychiatry · June 17, 2014 OBJECTIVE The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with varenicline and sustained-release bupropion for smokers who, based on an assessment of initial smoking reduction prior to the quit date, were deemed unlikely to achieve ab ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Differential effects of non-nicotine tobacco constituent compounds on nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · May 2014 Tobacco smoking has been shown to be quite addictive in people. However, nicotine itself is a weak reinforcer compared to other commonly abused drugs, leading speculation that other factors contribute to the high prevalence of tobacco addiction in the huma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances

Journal Article Molecular Psychiatry · January 1, 2014 Genotype scores that predict relevant clinical outcomes may detect other disease features and help direct prevention efforts. We report data that validate a previously established v1.0 smoking cessation quit success genotype score and describe striking dif ... Full text Cite

Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances.

Journal Article Mol Psychiatry · January 2014 Genotype scores that predict relevant clinical outcomes may detect other disease features and help direct prevention efforts. We report data that validate a previously established v1.0 smoking cessation quit success genotype score and describe striking dif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of insular cortex D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptors in nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Behav Brain Res · November 1, 2013 The insular cortex has been associated with the processing of rewarding stimuli and with the neural bases of drug addiction. Ischemic damage to the insula has been associated with decreased desire to smoke cigarettes. Which component of insular function is ... Full text Link to item Cite

A common biological basis of obesity and nicotine addiction.

Journal Article Transl Psychiatry · October 1, 2013 Smoking influences body weight such that smokers weigh less than non-smokers and smoking cessation often leads to weight increase. The relationship between body weight and smoking is partly explained by the effect of nicotine on appetite and metabolism. Ho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adapting smoking cessation treatment according to initial response to precessation nicotine patch.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · August 2013 OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated an adaptive smoking cessation treatment strategy in which nicotine patch treatment was initiated before a quit date, and then, depending on initial therapeutic response, either the nicotine patch was continued or alternative ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers for smoking cessation.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · June 2013 One way to enhance therapeutic development is through the identification and development of evaluative tools such as biomarkers. This review focuses on putative diagnostic, pharmacodynamic, and predictive biomarkers for smoking cessation. These types of bi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuronal expression of bitter taste receptors and downstream signaling molecules in the rat brainstem.

Journal Article Brain Res · September 26, 2012 Previous studies have shown that molecules of the taste transduction pathway may serve as biochemical markers for chemoreceptive cells in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that brainstem neurons contain signal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroanatomical evidence for a putative autocrine/paracrine signaling system involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, purinergic receptors, and nitric oxide synthase in the airways.

Journal Article J Neurosci Res · April 2012 Nicotine in tobacco smoke is thought to stimulate sensory nerve fibers by receptors that are located on airway epithelial cells and on terminal branches of C-fiber afferents, but the exact neurochemical substrate that mediates the sensory effects of nicoti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Menthol preference among smokers: association with TRPA1 variants.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · December 2011 INTRODUCTION: Preference for smoking menthol cigarettes differs from individual to individual and population to population in ways that may provide higher levels of nicotine intake and contribute to smoking's morbidity and mortality. Menthol acts at sites ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the superior frontal gyrus modulates craving for cigarettes.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · October 15, 2011 BACKGROUND: Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown strong correlations between cue-elicited craving for cigarettes and activation of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine preloading: the importance of a pre-cessation reduction in smoking behavior.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · October 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

Lorcaserin, a 5-HT2C agonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal Article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · September 2011 Lorcaserin, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(2C) (5-HT(2C)) agonist, has been shown to facilitate weight loss in obese populations. It was assessed for its efficacy in reducing nicotine self-administration in young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Response: a quest and a wager.

Journal Article Addict Sci Clin Pract · July 2011 Link to item Cite

D-cycloserine selectively decreases nicotine self-administration in rats with low baseline levels of response.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2011 Expanding the variety of treatments available to aid smoking cessation will allow the treatments to be customized to particular types of smokers. The key is to understand which subpopulations of smokers respond best to which treatment. This study used adul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individualized smoking cessation treatment: roles for sets of genomic markers.

Journal Article Per Med · March 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

Histamine H(1) antagonist treatment with pyrilamine reduces nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Eur J Pharmacol · January 10, 2011 Nicotine has been definitively shown to be critically involved in the neural bases of tobacco addiction. However, nicotine releases a wide variety of neurotransmitters. Nicotine-induced dopamine release has been shown to play a key role in facilitating nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

IV nicotine self-administration in rats using the consummatory operant licking response.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · December 2, 2010 Nicotine self-administered by tobacco smoking or chewing is very addictive in humans. Rat models have been developed in which nicotine is self-administered IV by the rats pressing a lever. However the reinforcing value of nicotine is much less in these mod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Silver acetate interactions with nicotine and non-nicotine smoke components.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · December 2010 Oral topical silver-containing formulations were marketed in the 1970s and 1980s as smoking deterrents, based on the finding that when using such formulations, an unpleasant taste occurs upon smoking. This approach has not been widely adopted, however, in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stress alleviation and reward enhancement: two promising targets for relapse prevention.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · October 15, 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking withdrawal shifts the spatiotemporal dynamics of neurocognition.

Journal Article Addict Biol · October 2010 Smoking withdrawal is associated with significant deficits in the ability to initiate and maintain attention for extended periods of time (i.e. sustained attention; SA). However, the effects of smoking abstinence on the temporal dynamics of neurocognition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary delivery of nicotine pyruvate: sensory and pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · October 2010 The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic and subjective responses to a prototype nicotine pyruvate (NP) aerosol generation system. In nine healthy adult daily cigarette smokers, plasma nicotine levels and subjective responses were assessed aft ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of sazetidine-A, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitizing agent on alcohol and nicotine self-administration in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 2010 RATIONALE: Manipulations of nicotinic cholinergic receptors have been shown to influence both alcohol and nicotine intake. Sazetidine-A [6-(5(((S)-azetidine-2-yl)methoxy)pyridine-3-yl)hex-5-yn-1-ol] is a novel compound that potently and selectively desensi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal and striatal gray matter volume are associated with a smoking cessation treatment outcome: results of an exploratory voxel-based morphometric analysis.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · July 2010 RATIONALE: Compared to nonsmokers, smokers exhibit a number of potentially important differences in regional brain structure including reduced gray matter (GM) volume and/or density in areas including frontal and cingulate cortices, thalamus, and insula. H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reinforcing effects of nicotine and non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2010 RATIONALE: Nicotine and non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke contribute to its reinforcing effects; however, the specific role of each component in maintaining behavior has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the reinforcing effects of nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior.

Journal Article Nat Genet · May 2010 Consistent but indirect evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behavior. We report meta-analyses of several smoking phenotypes within cohorts of the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (n = 74,053). We also partnered with the European Network of Ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic receptors in the habenula: importance for memory.

Journal Article Neuroscience · March 17, 2010 The habenula is an epithalamic structure through which descending connections pass from the telencephalon to the brainstem, putting it in a key location to provide feedback control over the brainstem monoaminergic projections ascending to the telencephalon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 16, 2010 Tobacco smoking is a chronic, relapsing disorder that constitutes one of the primary preventable causes of death in developed countries. Two of the popular hypotheses to explain the development and maintenance of strong nicotine dependence in cigarette smo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sazetidine-A, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent and partial agonist, reduces nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · March 2010 Adequate treatment of tobacco addiction remains problematic. Part of the problem with treatment is a poor understanding of the pharmacologic aspects of nicotine contributing to addiction. In addition to activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Co-expression of nAChRs and molecules of the bitter taste transduction pathway by epithelial cells of intrapulmonary airways.

Journal Article Life Sci · February 13, 2010 AIMS: The ability to sense the bitter taste of nicotine is an important component of addiction to, and withdrawal from, cigarette smoking. alpha-Gustducin and phospholipase C-beta2 (PLC-beta2), molecules involved in the taste transduction pathway, have bee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success in a trial of precessation nicotine replacement.

Journal Article Mol Med · 2010 Abilities to successfully quit smoking display substantial evidence for heritability in classic and molecular genetic studies. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have demonstrated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes that distinguish su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.

Journal Article Mol Med · 2010 Improving and targeting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are cost-effective strategies for reducing adverse health consequences for smokers. Treatment studies document the efficacy of precessation NRT and support important roles for level of nicotine dep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increases abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · September 2009 INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported that smoking abstinence rates are increased when nicotine skin patch treatment is initiated prior to the target quit smoking date, as compared with conventional treatment beginning on the quit date. We hypothesi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroanatomical relationships of substance P-immunoreactive intrapulmonary C-fibers and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.

Journal Article J Neurosci Res · May 15, 2009 Previous studies have suggested that sensory mechanisms may be important components of addiction to, and withdrawal from, cigarette smoking. The sensory and respiratory responses to nicotine are mediated, in part, by bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents. Nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

24-h smoking abstinence potentiates fMRI-BOLD activation to smoking cues in cerebral cortex and dorsal striatum.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2009 RATIONALE: Exposure to smoking-related cues can trigger relapse in smokers attempting to maintain abstinence. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 24-h smoking abstinence on brain responses to smoking-related cues using functional m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor occupancy: effect of smoking a denicotinized cigarette.

Journal Article Int J Neuropsychopharmacol · April 2009 Our group recently reported that smoking a regular cigarette (1.2-1.4 mg nicotine) resulted in 88% occupancy of brain alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, this study did not determine whether nicotine inhalation or the many oth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine abstinence genotyping: assessing the impact on smoking cessation clinical trials.

Journal Article Pharmacogenomics J · April 2009 Twin studies document substantial heritability for successful abstinence from smoking. A genome-wide association study has identified markers whose allele frequencies differ with nominal P<0.005 in nicotine-dependent clinical trial participants who were su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic alpha7- or beta2-containing receptor knockout: effects on radial-arm maze learning and long-term nicotine consumption in mice.

Journal Article Behav Brain Res · January 23, 2009 Classically, it has been thought that high-affinity nicotinic receptors-containing beta2 subunits are the most important receptor subtypes for nicotinic involvement in cognitive function and nicotine self-administration, while low affinity alpha7-containin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in a trial with adjunctive denicotinized cigarettes.

Journal Article Mol Med · 2009 The ability to quit smoking successfully displays substantial heritability in classical and molecular genetic studies. Twin studies suggest that some of the genetics for the ability to quit overlap with genetic components of nicotine dependence, but many d ... Full text Link to item Cite

New findings on nicotine addiction and treatment.

Journal Article Nebr Symp Motiv · 2009 Full text Link to item Cite

Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Eur J Pharmacol · December 14, 2008 Nicotine intake constitutes a principal mechanism for tobacco addiction. In addition to primary effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotine has cascading effects, which may also underlie its neurobehavioral actions. Nicotine induces serotonin (5 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disrupting nicotine reinforcement: from cigarette to brain.

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · October 2008 Cigarette smoking is a tenacious addiction that is maintained to a significant extent by the reinforcing effects of nicotine. An emerging theme in smoking cessation treatment is the development of methods for interfering with these reinforcing effects. By ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual differences in nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and sex predict transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · August 2008 Exposure to smoking cues increases craving for cigarettes and can precipitate relapse. Whereas brain imaging studies have identified a distinct network of brain regions subserving the processing of smoking cues, little is known about the influence of indiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pre-cessation varenicline treatment vs post-cessation NRT: an uneven playing field.

Journal Article Thorax · August 2008 Link to item Cite

A randomized trial of nicotine replacement therapy in combination with reduced-nicotine cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · July 2008 A randomized double-blind, active controlled, parallel group, multi-center phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of reduced-nicotine cigarettes as a novel smoking cessation treatment (under Investigational Device Exemption 69,185). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular genetics of successful smoking cessation: convergent genome-wide association study results.

Journal Article Arch Gen Psychiatry · June 2008 CONTEXT: Smoking remains a major public health problem. Twin studies indicate that the ability to quit smoking is substantially heritable, with genetics that overlap modestly with the genetics of vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances. OBJECTI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of smoking abstinence on adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a preliminary study.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2008 RATIONALE: Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke at higher rates than the general population; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of overnig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional brain activity correlates of nicotine dependence.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · December 2007 Fifteen smokers participated in a study investigating brain correlates of nicotine dependence. Dependence was reduced by having subjects switch to denicotinized cigarettes for 2 weeks while wearing nicotine skin patches. Positron emission tomography (PET) ... Full text Link to item Cite

DRD4 VNTR polymorphism is associated with transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2007 RATIONALE: A dopamine receptor 4 variable number tandem repeat (DRD4 VNTR) polymorphism has been related to reactivity to smoking cues among smokers, but the effect of this genetic variation on brain responses to smoking cues has not been evaluated. OBJECT ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiple brain pathways and receptors underlying tobacco addiction.

Journal Article Biochem Pharmacol · October 15, 2007 Over the last 20 years much progress has been made in understanding the pharmacologic basis of tobacco addiction. In particular, the role of nicotine in reinforcing smoking behavior has been studied from a variety of perspectives. This article discusses tw ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increases in impulsivity following smoking abstinence are related to baseline nicotine intake and boredom susceptibility.

Journal Article Addict Behav · October 2007 Trait impulsivity and response inhibition have been shown to be related to smoking behavior. One measure of response inhibition - antisaccade performance, or the ability to inhibit looking at a novel stimulus - has been shown to be worsened by smoking abst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selectively reduced responses to smoking cues in amygdala following extinction-based smoking cessation: results of a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Journal Article Addict Biol · September 2007 Preliminary studies suggest an extinction-based smoking cessation treatment using reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes decreases self-report craving for cigarettes prior to quitting and may be an effective smoking cessation treatment. The aims of this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular genetics of nicotine dependence and abstinence: whole genome association using 520,000 SNPs.

Journal Article BMC Genet · April 3, 2007 BACKGROUND: Classical genetic studies indicate that nicotine dependence is a substantially heritable complex disorder. Genetic vulnerabilities to nicotine dependence largely overlap with genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on other addictive substances. ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of foods, beverages, and other factors on cigarette palatability.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · April 2007 While smokers commonly report that various foods and beverages worsen or enhance the taste of cigarettes, the prevalence and diversity of these phenomena have not been studied. We administered an open-ended questionnaire to 209 smokers asking for reports o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · February 2007 RATIONALE: This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which a dosaging regimen chosen for a specific nicotine-mediated respons ... Full text Link to item Cite

Denicotinized cigarettes: a new tool to combat cigarette addiction?

Journal Article Addiction · February 2007 Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2006 RATIONALE: Despite established links between nicotine dependence and depression, little research has examined the effects of nicotine on depression symptoms. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the acute and chronic effects of transdermal nicotine in nonsmoker ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroactive steroids, negative affect, and nicotine dependence severity in male smokers.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · June 2006 RATIONALE: Nicotine administration alters neuroactive steroids in rodent models, and serum levels of the neuroactive steroid DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) appear to be higher in smokers. These molecules may be relevant to tobacco addiction and aff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and nonnicotine factors in cigarette addiction.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2006 RATIONALE: A great deal of research supports the role of nicotine in cigarette addiction. However, the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a smoking cessation treatment has fallen short of initial hopes. A key reason may be that NRT does ... Full text Link to item Cite

Precessation treatment with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 2006 Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a well-established treatment to aid smoking cessation, and current products recommend using NRT only after quitting smoking. However, theoretical arguments and previous data support the hypothesis that precessation use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine replacement therapies and other nicotinic strategies

Chapter · January 1, 2006 An overview of recent advances in nicotine-based treatments is provided, with a focus on interventions that, broadly speaking, either substitute for or antagonize nicotine inhaled from cigarettes. These treatments include nicotine replacement techniques an ... Full text Cite

Development of a system for the non-invasive measurement of the time course of [C-11] nicotine

Journal Article IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record · December 1, 2005 It is widely believed that the addictive effects of cigarette smoking derive largely from the rapid absorption of nicotine from the pulmonary system. The immediate effects of an inhaled bolus of nicotine on brain function are thought to provide potent rein ... Full text Cite

Abstinence-induced changes in self-report craving correlate with event-related FMRI responses to smoking cues.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2005 Drug cues have been shown to activate brain regions involved in attention, motivation, and reward in addicted users. However, as studies have typically measured responses in only one state (ie drug abstinence), it is unclear whether observed activations re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immediate antecedents of cigarette smoking in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · August 2005 Using ambulatory methods for 1 day of monitoring, the authors of this study investigated the association between smoking and situational cues in 63 smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 32 smokers without PTSD. Generalized estimating equati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mecamylamine moderates cue-induced emotional responses in smokers.

Journal Article Addict Behav · May 2005 The nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine, has been shown to reduce cue-elicited cocaine craving and to aid in smoking cessation. In a within-subjects design, 16 dependent smokers received mecamylamine (10 mg) or placebo capsules on two different days. Subjec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ethics of tobacco company funding.

Journal Article Science · April 29, 2005 Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of trauma recall on smoking topography in posttraumatic stress disorder and non-posttraumatic stress disorder trauma survivors.

Journal Article Addict Behav · February 2005 Smoking topography was measured in trauma survivors with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after recalling trauma-related and neutral experiences. Analysis of covariance was performed on puff topography and mood measures using nicotine depen ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms in dependent smokers.

Journal Article Addict Behav · June 2004 This study was designed to assess the effect of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms. In two laboratory sessions, dependent smokers refrained from smoking for 4 h. During a deep breathing session, participants were instructed to take a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Erratum: "Effects of low nicotine content cigarettes on smoke intake" (Nicotine & Tobacco Research (2004) vol. 6 (2) (309-319))

Journal Article Nicotine and Tobacco Research · June 1, 2004 Full text Cite

Extinguishing the rewarding value of smoke cues: pharmacological and behavioral treatments.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · June 2004 The present study examined several pharmacological and behavioral treatments designed to promote extinction of the responses to rewarding cigarette smoke cues. Pharmacological treatments comprised nicotine skin patches (21 mg/24 hr) and the nicotinic acety ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of low nicotine content cigarettes on smoke intake.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · April 2004 Cigarettes with selective reductions in nicotine delivery have been considered as potential tools to prevent or treat nicotine dependence or to reduce harm by virtue of reduced nicotine and nitrosamine delivery. An important question is whether individuals ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · February 2004 Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence has shown a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and ethanol use, and previous studies suggest some commonality in the neural pathways mediating effects of nicotine and ethanol. In this study, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2003 RATIONALE: Although the great majority of tobacco addiction begins during adolescence, little is known about differential nicotine effects in adolescents versus adults. OBJECTIVES: A rat model was used to determine the impact of the age of onset on nicotin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · September 2003 To examine mechanisms underlying satiation in cigarette smoking, 18 smokers received intravenous (i.v.) nicotine, alone or in combination with denicotinized cigarette smoke. Nicotine was administered using programmed presentations of either pulsed injectio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mecamylamine acutely increases human intravenous nicotine self-administration.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · September 2003 Previous studies of human cigarette smoking have shown that administration of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine produces acute increases in smoking behavior. In contrast, studies of intravenous nicotine self-administration in ani ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reliabilities and intercorrelations of reported and objective measures of smoking in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Schizophr Res · March 1, 2003 We examined the test-retest reliabilities of reported and objective measures of smoking, and the intercorrelations among these measures, in acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia to determine whether severe psychiatric illness affects the utility of ... Full text Link to item Cite

PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers.

Journal Article Am J Psychiatry · February 2003 OBJECTIVE: The effects of acute nicotine administration and smoking on brain function were investigated in two studies, with the primary goal of identifying neural systems that mediate these effects. METHOD: In study 1, 18 healthy volunteer cigarette smoke ... Full text Link to item Cite

Potentiation of nicotine reward by alcohol.

Journal Article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · December 2002 Full text Link to item Cite

Mecamylamine modifies the pharmacokinetics and reinforcing effects of alcohol.

Journal Article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · March 2002 BACKGROUND: Central nicotinic cholinergic receptors modify alcohol-induced mesolimbic dopamine activation, which seems to be important in the reinforcing properties of alcohol. Consistent with this model, acute administration to rats of the tertiary nicoti ... Link to item Cite

Haloperidol reduces smoking of both nicotine-containing and denicotinized cigarettes.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · December 2001 RATIONALE: Studies with laboratory animals and humans suggest that dopamine may play a role in maintaining cigarette smoking behavior via its interactions with nicotine. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to replicate and extend previous findings showing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oral nicotine solution for smoking cessation: a pilot tolerability study.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · November 2001 This study was conducted to determine the preliminary tolerability of an oral nicotine solution with minimal behavioral intervention for smoking cessation. Twenty-five healthy volunteers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day and were motivated to quit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Platelet monoamine oxidase, smoking cessation, and tobacco withdrawal symptoms.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · November 2001 Previous studies have found that constituents in tobacco inhibit both forms of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B). This enzyme is important in the breakdown of the amine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which is thought to mediate the rei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual differences in smoking reward from de-nicotinized cigarettes.

Journal Article Nicotine Tob Res · May 2001 Most studies of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation have focused on the psychopharmacological effects of nicotine; relatively few have explored the role of sensory aspects of cigarette smoke. Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke play a role in the mainte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, cigarette reward and ad lib smoking.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 2001 Separate and combined effects of nicotine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were studied in 32 healthy volunteer smokers after overnight abstinence from smoking. Subjects participated in three sessions (3 h each), during which they wore skin patche ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation

Chapter · January 1, 2001 In the last decade there has been an upsurge in the development of new smoking cessation treatments. Although in 1990 the only pharmacologic aid approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administration was nicotine chewing gum, as of the year 2001, four modes of ... Cite

The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine preferentially inhibits cocaine vs. food self-administration in rats.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · December 2000 Nicotinic acetylcholine systems play important roles in addiction, and nicotinic receptor stimulation stimulates dopamine release while the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine reduces it. Reid et al. [Neuropsychopharmacology 20 (1999) 297.] recently found in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dissociating nicotine and nonnicotine components of cigarette smoking.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · September 2000 To dissociate the sensorimotor aspects of cigarette smoking from the pharmacologic effects of nicotine, smokers rated the subjective effects of nicotine-containing or denicotinized cigarettes, and intravenous (IV) nicotine or saline infusions. Three groups ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combining the nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch for smoking cessation

Journal Article American Journal of Health Behavior · January 1, 2000 Objective: To assess the combination of the nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch for smoking cessation. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled into this open-label clinical trial of the combined use of nicotine inhalers and patches (15mg/16hr) for ... Full text Cite

Arterial nicotine kinetics during cigarette smoking and intravenous nicotine administration: implications for addiction.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · September 1, 1999 An understanding of drug addiction requires knowledge of the effective drug concentrations to which receptors in the nervous system are exposed. It has often been thought that smoking of abused substances such as nicotine or cocaine produces much higher dr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Naltrexone blockade of nicotine effects in cigarette smokers.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 1999 RATIONALE: The role of endogenous opiate systems in cigarette smoking remains unclear. In laboratory animals, opiate antagonists block many of the effects of nicotine, but in humans they do not consistently alter smoking behavior. OBJECTIVE: This study exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blockade of smoking satisfaction using the peripheral nicotinic antagonist trimethaphan.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1999 The present study was conducted to investigate the role of peripheral nicotinic receptors in mediating the rewarding effects of cigarette smoking. Twelve cigarette smokers rated cigarettes after intravenous infusion of the short-acting peripheral nicotinic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine effects on attention.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 1998 Nicotine has been shown to improve attentiveness in smokers and attenuate attentional deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients, schizophrenics and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study was conducted to determine whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of pre-cessation therapy.

Journal Article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · August 1998 The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine was evaluated in a randomized smoking cessation trial. Four groups of participants (n = 20 per group) received nicotine plus mecamylamine, nicotine alone, mecamylamine alone, or no drug for 4 weeks before cessation. Af ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conference on tobacco dependence: Innovative regulatory approaches to reduce death and disease: Selected excerpts from conference proceedings

Journal Article Food and Drug Law Journal · 1998 Cite

Membership of tobacco industry scientists in scientific societies.

Journal Article Addiction · May 1997 Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine self-administration in animals and humans: similarities and differences.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 1997 Studies of nicotine self-administration in animal and human subjects are discussed with respect to the behavioral paradigms employed, the effects of nicotine dose manipulations and nicotinic agonist/antagonist pretreatment, and the role of neurochemical pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking behavior on the first day of a quit attempt predicts long-term abstinence.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · February 10, 1997 BACKGROUND: The nicotine patch has been widely used for smoking cessation, but not all smokers quit using the patch. Knowing which smokers are likely to succeed with the nicotine patch may improve the efficiency of nicotine patch use. OBJECTIVE: To identif ... Link to item Cite

Nicotine and neurobehavioral function

Journal Article Drug Development Research · December 1, 1996 Full text Cite

Airway sensory replacement as a treatment for smoking cessation

Journal Article Drug Development Research · December 1, 1996 Although nicotine may be a necessary component of the smoking addiction, it is obvious even to the non-expert that there is far more to smoking than the delivery of nicotine alone. Among the many aspects of smoking that smokers find pleasurable, 60% of smo ... Full text Cite

Nicotine-haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics.

Journal Article Neuropsychopharmacology · November 1996 Nearly 90% of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the general population's rate of 25%. There is some indication that schizophrenics may smoke as a form of self-medication. Nicotine has a variety of pharmacologic effects that may both ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quitting smoking raises whole blood glutathione.

Journal Article Physiol Behav · November 1996 Cigarette smoke contains numerous oxygen free radicals that may be important in smoking-related disease pathogenesis. These free radicals may overwhelm antioxidant defenses and produce a condition of oxidative stress that can result in damage to DNA and ot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do heavy smokers need a higher replacement dose of nicotine to quit?

Journal Article JAMA · June 26, 1996 Link to item Cite

Dissociating the nicotine and airway sensory effects of smoking.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 1996 This study examined the subjective and cardiovascular effects of two of the components of cigarette smoking when given separately: nicotine and airway sensations. Using a within-subjects design, six healthy volunteer smokers, age 18-45 years, who smoked at ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Journal Article Psychopharmacol Bull · 1996 Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much more frequently than ... Link to item Cite

Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 1996 Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether nicotine might be use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine/mecamylamine combination treatment for smoking cessation

Journal Article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1996 Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation that can be used in a minimal behavioral intervention setting are urgently needed. The studies described in this article show that the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine is efficacious when administered in combination ... Full text Cite

Nicotine addiction and treatment.

Journal Article Annu Rev Med · 1996 The persistence of cigarette smoking despite widespread awareness of adverse health effects results from an underlying addiction to nicotine. Unaided attempts to quit smoking are generally unsuccessful. This article discusses nicotine addition and therapeu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking in Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Journal Article J Trauma Stress · July 1995 The present study investigated smoking prevalence, smoking motives, demographic variables and psychological symptoms in 124 help-seeking, male Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A high percentage of these veterans smoked (6 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute and chronic nicotinic interactions with dopamine systems and working memory performance.

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · May 10, 1995 Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests in rats, monkeys, and humans. Interactions of nicotinic systems with dopamine (DA) systems may be important for this effect. We conducted a series of studies of nicotinic agonist a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined administration of agonist-antagonist as a method of regulating receptor activation.

Journal Article Ann N Y Acad Sci · May 10, 1995 Full text Link to item Cite

Haloperidol increases smoking in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal Article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 1995 Ten patients with schizophrenia participated in 120-min free-smoking sessions when actively psychotic and free of antipsychotic medications, and again after the initiation of haloperidol treatment. During these free-smoking sessions they had access to ciga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Airway sensory replacement combined with nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial using a citric acid inhaler.

Journal Article Chest · May 1995 STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine if the combination of airway sensory replacement and nicotine replacement improves 10-week smoking abstinence rates over nicotine replacement alone. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clozapine decreases smoking in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Journal Article Biol Psychiatry · April 15, 1995 Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of nicotinic dimethylaminoethyl esters on working memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · 1995 Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests, including the radial-arm maze. This improvement, together with the consistent finding of a decline in cortical nicotinic receptor concentration in Alzheimer's patients, has fueled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Perception of Thermal Pain

Journal Article Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1995 The effects of cigarette smoking on pain perception were evaluated in 18 healthy smokers. Thermal pain stimuli were used to assess pain detection threshold and tolerance and to collect subjective ratings of the intensity and unpleasantness of painful stimu ... Full text Cite

Nicotine as a therapeutic drug.

Journal Article N C Med J · January 1995 Current evidence about the therapeutic potential of nicotine is strongest for ulcerative colitis. The role, if any, of nicotine therapy in Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases is not clear, but further research appears warranted. We need more information ab ... Link to item Cite

Effects of Daily Caffeine Intake on Smoking Behavior in the Natural Environment

Journal Article Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1995 The effects of changes in daily caffeine intake on cigarette smoking were investigated. Forty cigarette smokers consumed caffeine ad lib on a baseline day then consumed controlled multiple doses of caffeine (100 mg and 500 mg per day) for two-day trials. S ... Full text Cite

Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · July 1994 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate concurrent administration of mecamylamine (nicotine antagonist) with nicotine skin patch treatment for smoking cessation. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy smokers who smoked ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking.

Journal Article J Clin Psychopharmacol · February 1994 A variety of studies have shown that nicotine skin patches are effective in promoting smoking cessation. This study replicated this effect, in addition, nicotine skin patches were found to decrease a variety of withdrawal effects, including craving for cig ... Link to item Cite

Inhalation of vapor from black pepper extract reduces smoking withdrawal symptoms.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · February 1994 Previous studies have suggested that sensory cues associated with cigarette smoking can suppress certain smoking withdrawal symptoms, including craving for cigarettes. In this study we investigated the subjective effects of a cigarette substitute deliverin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reducing Craving for Cigarettes While Decreasing Smoke Intake Using Capsaicin-Enhanced Low Tar Cigarettes

Journal Article Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1994 The effects on smoking behavior and subjective evaluation of adding capsaicin (a pungent principle of chili pepper) to a low tar and nicotine cigarette were studied in 12 cigarette smokers. In a 4-hr session, Ss inhaled smoke from 3 types of cigarettes: (a ... Full text Cite

Combined Effects of Nicotine and Mecamylamine in Attenuating Smoking Satisfaction

Journal Article Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1994 Separate and combined effects of nicotine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were studied. Twelve smokers rated test cigarettes after administration of mecamylamine versus placebo capsules and nicotine versus nonnicotine preload. Smoking withdrawal ... Full text Cite

Intracerebroventricular nicotine and mecamylamine alter radial‐arm maze performance in rats

Journal Article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1994 In rats, the effects of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) nicotinic agonist nicotine (NIC), the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (MEC), and combinations of NIC + MEC were assessed in a radial‐arm maze (RAM). In experiment 1, exploratory behavior was assess ... Full text Cite

Saliva nicotine as an index of plasma levels in nicotine skin patch users.

Journal Article Ther Drug Monit · October 1993 This study examined whether salivary nicotine concentrations would provide a useful index of plasma concentrations in studies of the effects of transdermal nicotine administration. Twenty-four subject smokers abstained from smoking for 12 h prior to admiss ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical trials using ascorbic acid aerosol to aid smoking cessation.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1993 Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke are important for providing smoking satisfaction. In previous studies, we have found that substitution of the sensory cues of smoking with a citric acid aerosol significantly reduces craving for cigarettes and enhances sm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection.

Journal Article Brain Res Cogn Brain Res · October 1993 Nicotine has been found in a variety of studies to improve performance in memory tasks. This study was conducted to determine if chronic nicotine administration is useful in counteracting the working memory deficits seen after lesions of the fimbria or the ... Full text Link to item Cite

The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling.

Journal Article Arch Intern Med · August 23, 1993 BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the nicotine patch in smoking cessation when combined with self-help materials, three brief visits, and telephone counseling. METHODS: One hundred fifty-nine healthy volunteers who smoked at ... Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotinic stimulation and blockade effects on working memory.

Journal Article Behav Pharmacol · April 1993 Acute and chronic nicotine treatment has been found to improve learning and memory function in a variety of tasks. In several studies we have found that chronic nicotine infusion improves working memory performance. Replicating these results, the current s ... Link to item Cite

Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1993 We investigated the role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of ad lib smoke intake. The smoking behavior of 12 adult male smokers was assessed in three conditions, presenting either high-nicotine cigarette smoke (high nicotine, high sensor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · January 1993 In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a hand-held inhaler as an adjunct to a smoking cessation behavioral program. The inhaler delivered a citric acid aerosol with tobacco smoke flavor. Seventy-four smokers were recruited for a 3-week smoking cessati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal nicotine exposure and cognitive performance in rats.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1993 In humans and animal models there is evidence that prenatal nicotine exposure causes lasting deficits in cognitive performance. The current study examined the cognitive effects of prenatal exposure of rats to 2 mg/kg/day of nicotine. This dose did not caus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sertraline attenuates hyperphagia in rats following nicotine withdrawal.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1993 Chronic nicotine administration can decrease food consumption and body weight. Abrupt withdrawal from nicotine can cause the reverse effect, hyperphagia and rapid weight gain. In the current study, the efficacy of sertraline, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch compared to nicotine gum

Journal Article Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · January 1, 1993 A new transdermal nicotine delivery system (TBS-NCT)was investigated in laboratory and clinical studies with healthy cigarette smokers. Plasma nicotine concentration time profiles were characterized during and after 24-hr application of three doses of TBS- ... Full text Cite

Persistence of chronic nicotine-induced cognitive facilitation.

Journal Article Behav Neural Biol · September 1992 Nicotine has been found in a variety of species and behavioral paradigms to improve memory performance. The beneficial effect of nicotine has been seen after both acute and chronic administration. Interestingly, improved performance has been seen 24 h afte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine psychopharmacology

Journal Article Journal of Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1992 Full text Cite

Concurrent agonist-antagonist administration for the analysis and treatment of drug dependence.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1992 Two key strategies for the treatment of drug dependence involve the use of agonists to substitute for the abused drug and the use of antagonists to block the reinforcing actions maintaining drug self-administration. A different strategy for the treatment o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tar, CO and delta 9THC delivery from the 1st and 2nd halves of a marijuana cigarette.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 1991 Previous in vitro studies suggest that, with successive puffs from a marijuana cigarette, delta-9-THC becomes concentrated in the remaining uncombusted portion of the cigarette. These observations are consistent with the common practice of smoking marijuan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of varying marijuana smoking profile on deposition of tar and absorption of CO and delta-9-THC.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 1991 We investigated the effects of previously observed differences in smoking technique for marijuana (M) versus tobacco (T) on the amount of inhaled tar, the percentage retention of inhaled tar in the lung, the pre- to postcigarette boost in blood carboxyhemo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic and muscarinic interactions and choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze.

Journal Article Brain Res Bull · July 1991 Muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) systems have long been known to be necessary for accurate performance in cognitive tests. Nicotinic ACh systems have been shown to be involved as well. However, there is only a limited amount of information concerning the int ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of smoking-related sensory cues on psychological stress.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · June 1991 Previous studies have shown that the sensory cues of cigarette smoking are important for smoking satisfaction and craving reduction. Sensory cues in the absence of pharmacological doses of nicotine have been found to be moderately satisfying and to reduce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inter-relationships between conditioned and primary reinforcement in the maintenance of cigarette smoking.

Journal Article Br J Addict · May 1991 Research on smoking cessation has increasingly focussed on pharmacological aspects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal. However, cigarette smoking also provides a characteristic set of sensory cues. These sensory aspects of smoking are important to address ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactive effects of D1 and D2 agonists with scopolamine on radial-arm maze performance.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 1991 Pharmacological blockade of muscarinic cholinergic (ACh) receptors has been found to impair choice accuracy in a variety of tasks including the radial-arm maze. The cognitive impairment caused by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine is reversed by the dop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychophysiological interactions between caffeine and nicotine.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 1991 The interactive effects of caffeine and nicotine were studied in twelve subjects. Mood and physiologic responses to the pharmacologic components nicotine and caffeine were measured, while controlling for the sensory/behavioral aspects of smoking and coffee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in cognitive performance.

Journal Article Behav Neural Biol · November 1990 Both acetylcholinergic (ACh) and dopaminergic (DA) systems have been found to be crucial for the maintenance of accurate cognitive performance. In a series of studies examining those aspects of cognitive function revealed by the radial-arm maze, we have fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of flavor in cigarette substitutes.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1990 Cigarette smokers identify flavor as an important factor in the pleasure derived from smoking and for their choice of cigarette brand. The issue of cigarette flavor has received a great deal of study by cigarette manufacturers but relatively little by acad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a citric acid aerosol as a smoking cessation aid.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · June 1990 The satisfaction derived from smoking depends not only on the pharmacological effects of nicotine but also the sensory stimulation from smoke inhalation, particularly the tracheal 'scratch'. In a previous study, we found that a citric acid aerosol produces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine facilitates smoking cessation.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · March 1990 The efficacy of a transdermal nicotine patch in facilitation of smoking cessation was evaluated in a randomized double-blind trial. Sixty-five smokers who were highly dependent on cigarettes participated in the study, which included a behavioral smoking-ce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine and withdrawal effects on radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal Article Behav Neural Biol · March 1990 Rats were tested for choice accuracy in an eight-arm radial maze during and after chronic administration of nicotine via subcutaneously implanted glass and Silastic capsules. Nicotine administration significantly improved choice accuracy relative to contro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-nicotine regenerated smoke aerosol reduces desire for cigarettes.

Journal Article J Subst Abuse · 1990 We have developed a method of producing an aerosol with many of the sensory qualities of cigarette smoke, but with only 3% of the tar and nicotine and none of the carbon monoxide of a typical commercial cigarette. The aerosol was generated from a suspensio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of the cognitive effects of combined muscarinic and nicotinic blockade.

Journal Article Behav Neural Biol · January 1990 Choice accuracy performance in the radial-arm maze is dependent upon the integrity of both the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Pharmacological blockade of either of these subtypes of cholinergic receptors with mecamylamine or scopolamine im ... Full text Link to item Cite

A noninvasive method for delivering controlled doses of nicotine via cigarette smoke

Journal Article Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers · November 1, 1989 A cigarette-smoke delivery system is described in which nicotine dosage was delimited by having the subject inhale a measured amount of smoke to a predetermined depth and duration of inhalation. A plastic syringe was used to "inject" a specified amount of ... Full text Cite

Reversal of a mecamylamine-induced cognitive deficit with the D2 agonist, LY 171555.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 1989 Pharmacological blockade of either nicotinic or muscarinic cholinergic receptors has been found to impair choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze. Simultaneous blockade of both of these receptor types causes an additive impairment. However, despite these co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlling puff volume without disrupting smoking topography

Journal Article Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers · May 1, 1989 In studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of cigarette smoking, it is of critical importance to keep the dose of nicotine as constant as possible. This is difficult with smoking, because when the nicotine delivery of a cigarette is increased o ... Full text Cite

Mecamylamine increases nicotine preference and attenuates nicotine discrimination.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1989 Eight subjects evaluated various qualities of cigarette smoke after being given a range of doses (0, 2.5, 10 and 20 mg) of the nicotinic receptor blocker mecamylamine. In one test condition, subjects were given either high or low nicotine tobacco smoke to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anxiolytic effects of smoking associated with four stressors.

Journal Article Addict Behav · 1989 There is a widespread belief that cigarette smoking alleviates stress. The literature reveals conflicting results on the anxiolytic effects of smoking. This study was designed to replicate a report that smoking (a) reduced subjective anxiety induced by str ... Full text Link to item Cite

Methodological review. Controlled dosing of nicotine: A review of problems and progress

Journal Article Annals of Behavioral Medicine · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Effects of controlled nicotine doses upon punished and non-punished responding in humans.

Journal Article NIDA Res Monogr · 1989 Link to item Cite

The effect of nicotine on the delay of gastric emptying.

Journal Article Aliment Pharmacol Ther · April 1988 The effect of cigarette smoking and its active component, nicotine, on the gastric emptying of solid food was assessed in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Ten regular smokers were studied after a 6 h fast and least 18 h after their last cigarett ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · February 11, 1988 To compare the pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana and tobacco, we quantified the relative burden to the lung of insoluble particulates (tar) and carbon monoxide from the smoke of similar quantities of marijuana and tobacco. The 15 subjects, all men, ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of upper airway stimulation in smoking.

Journal Article Prog Clin Biol Res · 1988 Link to item Cite

Effect of naloxone on cigarette smoking.

Journal Article J Subst Abuse · 1988 Several recent studies have tried to link endogenous opioid peptides (endorphins) with smoking reinforcement. Karras and Kane (1980) showed a one-third decrease in smoking after administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. However, Nemeth-Coslett and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of marijuana potency and amount of cigarette consumed on marijuana smoking pattern.

Journal Article J Psychoactive Drugs · 1988 Full text Link to item Cite

Citric acid aerosol as a potential smoking cessation aid.

Journal Article Chest · December 1987 We tested the ability of a citric acid aerosol to simulate the tracheal sensations produced by cigarette smoke and to satisfy smokers' desire for cigarettes. Fifteen smokers rated puffs from their own brand of cigarette, citric acid aerosol, a low tar and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Refined cigarette smoke as a method for reducing nicotine intake.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · October 1987 We developed a method of refining tobacco smoke to deliver sensory components of cigarette smoking while minimizing the delivery of nicotine and other toxic smoke constituents. In the first experiment, smokers rated puffs of their own brands of cigarette, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive measurement of smokers' tar and nicotine intake

Journal Article Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers · May 1, 1987 A simple device for monitoring cigarette smokers' intake of tar and nicotine is described. This device divided the mainstream smoke into two parallel paths, one containing seven parallel capillary tubes and the other containing one capillary tube; a Cambri ... Full text Cite

Cigarette smoking blocks caffeine-induced arousal.

Journal Article Alcohol Drug Res · 1987 The interactive effects of caffeine and cigarette smoking were studied in fifteen subjects. Four experimental sessions presented either decaffeinated coffee or caffeinated coffee (containing 150 mg caffeine base), followed 20 min later by a smoking or nons ... Link to item Cite

Cigarette desirability and nicotine preference in smokers.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 1986 We conducted two experiments to explore the role of nicotine in the maintenance of cigarette smoking behavior. In Experiment 1 we determined that, compared to 0 or 2 mg injections, an injection of 4 mg nicotine base into the filter of non-nicotine cigarett ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference.

Journal Article Clin Pharmacol Ther · October 1985 The effects of transdermal nicotine in 10 cigarette smokers were studied in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Either 8 mg nicotine base in a 30% aqueous solution or an inactive placebo solution was applied to intact skin under a polyethylene patch. S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensory blockade of smoking satisfaction.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 1985 Cigarette smokers were presented with controlled doses of cigarette smoke to determine whether the resulting reduction in cigarette craving depended upon perceiving the sensory qualities of the smoke. Cigarette craving was assessed before and after inhalin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol increases cigarette smoking: a laboratory demonstration.

Journal Article Addict Behav · 1985 Most people would agree that a relationship exists between drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes, but there is very little empirical evidence demonstrating a direct causal association. Study of the relationship has been hampered by the lack of a simple l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal administration of nicotine.

Journal Article Drug Alcohol Depend · May 1984 The physiological response to nicotine topically applied to the skin was measured in an adult male volunteer. Nicotine base (9 mg) was applied in a 30% aqueous solution to intact skin on the underside of the forearm. Salivary nicotine, heart rate and blood ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine preference increases after cigarette deprivation.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1984 In order to test the theory that nicotine is a reinforcing constituent in tobacco, smokers' nicotine preference was assessed after two hours' cigarette deprivation and immediately after smoking two cigarettes. Preference was measured by allowing subjects t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Subjective response to cigarette smoking following airway anesthetization.

Journal Article Addict Behav · 1984 Subjective response to cigarette smoking was assessed after partial blockade of upper and lower airway sensations by the topical application of lidocaine. Pack-a-day smokers were given one cigarette after each of four conditions: (1) mouth anesthesia, obta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discriminability of nicotine in tobacco smoke: implications for titration.

Journal Article Addict Behav · 1984 Cigarette smokers were presented with puffs from either high (2.5 mg), medium (1.5 mg) or low (.5 mg) nicotine cigarettes in order to determine their ability to discriminate nicotine delivery in tobacco smoke. Puffs were presented in random order during ea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of tobacco smoke intake with paced cigarette presentation.

Journal Article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 1983 Smoking behavior in response to an increased presentation of cigarettes was investigated to determine whether compensatory changes occurred in order to maintain a constant intake of tobacco smoke. The lighting of each cigarette was paced at both twice and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cigarette smoking during anxiety-provoking and monotonous tasks.

Journal Article Addict Behav · 1983 Cigarette smokers were exposed to three conditions within a single session: stagefright anxiety, monotonous concentration, and a relaxation control. One cigarette was lit during the second 10-minute half of each condition, and smoking topography (number of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cigarette smoking behavior in conjoined twins.

Journal Article Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) · 1983 A study of cigarette smoking was undertaken in a pair of craniopagus twins to determine how a transfer of products of smoking is occurring between the twins. Alternately and independently, one twin smoked a nicotine-free cigarette, then the second twin smo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of reinforcement by varying smoke component concentrations.

Journal Article NIDA Res Monogr · 1983 Link to item Cite

A smoke-mixing device for measuring nicotine preference

Journal Article Behavior Research Methods Instrumentation · November 1, 1982 A smoke-mixing device is described that allows individuals to select their preferred nicotine deliveries from cigarette smoke on a puff-by-puff basis. This methodology offers advantages over previous strategies to investigate the role of nicotine as a rein ... Full text Cite

Self-punitive behavior in humans: Effects of a self-fulfilling prophecy

Journal Article Learning and Motivation · January 1, 1981 Human subjects were exposed to contingencies which programmed aversive tones (100 db). Two types of contingencies were employed: self-confirming (i.e., self-fulfilling prophecies), in which the aversive tone was occasioned by the prediction it was about to ... Full text Cite