Scholars@Duke
Jeffrey Glass

Jeffrey Glass

Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
jeff.glass@duke.edu
Box 90291, Office: Teer 118, Durham, NC 27708-0291
Packages: Hudson Hall Room 129, Office: Teer Bldg Rm 118, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

A super-resolution coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer proof-of-concept for planetary science

Journal Article International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · January 1, 2025 Mass spectrometers are essential instruments for in situ analysis of planetary materials. Ideally, a space flight mass spectrometer would have a mass range from ∼10 u to at least 500 u to enable analysis of organic molecules to aid in searching for the req ... Full text Cite

A high resolution miniature electron energy spectrometer

Journal Article Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment · July 1, 2024 In this work we describe how a novel mass spectrometer design we recently reported on can be utilized as an electron spectrometer having excellent resolution and passband width. This new electron spectrometer is referred to as a segmented electrode electro ... Full text Cite

Spectral Reconstruction Improvement in a Cycloidal Coded-Aperture Mass Spectrometer.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · May 2024 Spatial aperture coding is a technique used to improve throughput without sacrificing resolution both in optical spectroscopy and sector mass spectrometry (MS). Previous work demonstrated that aperture coding combined with a position-sensitive array detect ... Full text Cite

Fabrication of (Ag, Zn, Co) based spinel ferrites as electrode materials for high energy density hybrid supercapacitors

Journal Article Journal of Energy Storage · February 15, 2024 Three spinel ferrites, AgFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4, were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal technique and were employed as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. These spinel ferrites underwent a comprehensive assessment of the ... Full text Cite

Proof-of-Concept Vacuum Microelectronic NOR Gate Fabricated Using Microelectromechanical Systems and Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters.

Journal Article Micromachines · April 2023 This paper demonstrates a fully integrated vacuum microelectronic NOR logic gate fabricated using microfabricated polysilicon panels oriented perpendicular to the device substrate with integrated carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes. The vacuum mi ... Full text Cite

The influence of light incidence on the bipolar switching in the two-terminal devices with n-ZnO and p-SrCu2O2 films

Journal Article Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing · January 1, 2023 The interaction of light with the bipolar characteristics of two-terminal devices synthesized with ZnO film is investigated. Three types of devices are built. The first set consisted of devices with n-ZnO film on SiO2/Si or sapphire substrate. The second s ... Full text Cite

A super-resolution proof of concept in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer.

Journal Article Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · January 2023 RationaleHigher resolution in fieldable mass spectrometers (MS) is desirable in space flight applications to enable resolving isobaric interferences at m/z < 60 u. Resolution in portable cycloidal MS coupled with array detectors could be improved ... Full text Cite

Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector.

Journal Article Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · July 2022 With the advent of technologies such as ion array detectors and high energy permanent magnet materials, there is renewed interest in the unique focusing properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer and its ability to enable small, high-resolution, and high-se ... Full text Cite

Virtual-slit focusing in a cycloidal mass spectrometer – A proof of concept

Journal Article International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · December 1, 2021 This work demonstrates a novel approach to mass spectrometry using the “virtual-slit” created by the small, localized volume from which ions are generated by localized ionization techniques such as laser ionization of particles and surfaces, and spark ioni ... Full text Cite

The Long Neglected Cycloidal Mass Analyzer.

Journal Article Analytical chemistry · August 2021 In 1938, Walker Bleakney and John A. Hipple first described the cycloidal mass analyzer as the only mass analyzer configuration capable of "perfect" ion focusing. Why has their geometry been largely neglected for many years and how might it earn a respecta ... Full text Cite

Improving the Performance of a Cycloidal Coded-Aperture Miniature Mass Spectrometer.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · February 2021 Cycloidal sector mass analyzers have, in principle, perfect focusing due to perpendicularly oriented uniform electric and magnetic fields, making them ideal candidates for incorporation of spatially coded apertures. We have previously demonstrated a proof- ... Full text Cite

4D Printing of Stretchable Supercapacitors via Hybrid Composite Materials

Journal Article Advanced Materials Technologies · January 1, 2021 Stretchable supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted significant attention in developing power-independent stretchable electronic systems due to their intrinsic energy storage function and unique mechanical properties. Most current SCs are generally limited by ... Full text Cite

Comparison of thermionic filament and carbon nanotube field emitter-based electron ionization sources in cycloidal coded aperture mass analyzers

Journal Article International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · November 1, 2020 This work compares the coded aperture imaging performance of thermionic filament and carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitter-based electron sources in cycloidal-coded aperture mass spectrometers. The use of spatially coded apertures in mass spectrometry enable ... Full text Cite

A novel sector mass spectrograph design for high-order coded aperture Mass Spectrometry with stigmatic aberration correction

Journal Article International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · September 1, 2020 Previous works experimentally demonstrated that the application of spatially-coded apertures to simple sector mass spectrographs can result in increased signal intensity while maintaining spectral resolution comparable to that of a conventional slit apertu ... Full text Cite

High current density electron emission from an electrodeposited metal nanowire array

Journal Article Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B · July 1, 2020 High-current electron field emitters are of interest for many applications, but state-of-the-art devices suffer from limitations such as high turn-on macroscopic field, low macroscopic current density, poor emission stability, and short lifetime. Field emi ... Full text Cite

Robust and High-Performance Electrodes via Crumpled Au-CNT Forests for Stretchable Supercapacitors

Journal Article Matter · May 6, 2020 Stretchable supercapacitors based on vertically aligned nanotubes or nanowires have attracted considerable attention because of their improved robustness and electrochemical performance under large and repeated deformations. Here, we demonstrate a robust a ... Full text Cite

Ti3C2Tx MXene-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Electrodes for Stretchable Supercapacitors.

Journal Article ACS nano · March 2020 The development of stretchable electronics requires the invention of compatible high-performance power sources, such as stretchable supercapacitors and batteries. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx Full text Cite

Transparent mxene-polymer supercapacitive film deposited using rir-maple

Journal Article Crystals · March 1, 2020 In this work, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE), a novel deposition technique, was used to produce a transparent composite electrode of polyflourene (PFO) and two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, which are part of t ... Full text Cite

Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors via Crumpled Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests

Journal Article Advanced Energy Materials · June 12, 2019 Stretchable supercapacitors have received increasing attention due to their broad applications in developing self-powered stretchable electronics for wearable electronics, epidermal and implantable electronics, and biomedical devices that are capable of su ... Full text Cite

Reduction in energy for electrochemical disinfection of E. coli in urine simulant.

Journal Article Journal of applied electrochemistry · January 2019 AbstractWe report the development of novel modes of operation for electrochemical disinfection of E. coli in human urine simulant with an aim to minimize the energy required for disinfection. The system employs boron-doped diamond electrode ... Full text Cite

Prototype coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer for environmental sensing

Conference AQM 2019 - Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology Conference 2019 · January 1, 2019 © 2019 Air and Waste Management Association. All rights reserved. In summary, this paper shows the design and initial performance characterization of a coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer for environmental sensing (CAMMS-ES). CAMMS-ES incorporates s ... Cite

Prototype coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer for environmental sensing

Conference AQM 2019 - Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology Conference 2019 · January 1, 2019 In summary, this paper shows the design and initial performance characterization of a coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer for environmental sensing (CAMMS-ES). CAMMS-ES incorporates spatial aperture coding to break the throughput vs. resolution trad ... Cite

Carrier Dynamics Engineering for High-Performance Electron-Transport-Layer-free Perovskite Photovoltaics

Journal Article Chem · October 11, 2018 Electron-transport-layer-free (ETL-free) device architectures are promising designs for perovskite photovoltaics because they offer simpler configurations, low cost, and convenience for versatile optoelectronics. However, the development of ETL-free photov ... Full text Open Access Cite

Solution-Processed Earth-Abundant Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 Solar Absorber Using a Low-Toxicity Solvent

Journal Article Chemistry of Materials · September 11, 2018 Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 (CBTSSe) has recently gained substantial attention as an alternative absorber material for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to the abundance of the constituent elements, a large absorption coefficient, tunabl ... Full text Cite

Improved blackwater disinfection using potentiodynamic methods with oxidized boron-doped diamond electrodes.

Journal Article Water research · September 2018 Electrochemical disinfection (ECD) has become an important blackwater disinfection technology. ECD is a promising solution for the 2 billion people without access to conventional sanitation practices and in areas deficient in basic utilities (e.g., sewers, ... Full text Cite

Proof of Concept Coded Aperture Miniature Mass Spectrometer Using a Cycloidal Sector Mass Analyzer, a Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Field Emission Electron Ionization Source, and an Array Detector.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · February 2018 Despite many potential applications, miniature mass spectrometers have had limited adoption in the field due to the tradeoff between throughput and resolution that limits their performance relative to laboratory instruments. Recently, a solution to this tr ... Full text Cite

Effects of Magnetic and Electric Field Uniformity on Coded Aperture Imaging Quality in a Cycloidal Mass Analyzer.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · February 2018 Cycloidal mass analyzers are unique sector mass analyzers as they exhibit perfect double focusing, making them ideal for incorporating spatial aperture coding, which can increase the throughput of a mass analyzer without affecting the resolving power. Howe ... Full text Cite

Efficient and Stable Pt/TiO2/CdS/Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 Photocathode for Water Electrolysis Applications

Journal Article ACS Energy Letters · January 12, 2018 The Cu2BaSnS4-xSex (CBTSSe) system has attracted remarkable attention as an emerging chalcogenide semiconductor with desirable electronic and optical properties for solar energy conversion applications. The current study combines sputtered band gap-tailore ... Full text Cite

A miniature electron ionization source fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with integrated carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes and low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)

Journal Article International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · November 1, 2017 The use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) components in miniature mass spectrometers is particularly attractive due to their small size and scalable manufacturing capability. Our group has pioneered the development of miniature electron ionization s ... Full text Cite

Additive engineering for high-performance room-temperature-processed perovskite absorbers with micron-size grains and microsecond-range carrier lifetimes

Journal Article Energy and Environmental Science · November 1, 2017 Perovskite photovoltaics have attracted remarkable attention recently due to their exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCE). State-of-the-art perovskite absorbers typically require thermal annealing steps for high film quality. However, the annealin ... Full text Cite

Coded Apertures in Mass Spectrometry.

Journal Article Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) · June 2017 The use of coded apertures in mass spectrometry can break the trade-off between throughput and resolution that has historically plagued conventional instruments. Despite their very early stage of development, coded apertures have been shown to increase thr ... Full text Cite

Enhanced H2O2 Production at Reductive Potentials from Oxidized Boron-Doped Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Electrodes.

Journal Article ACS applied materials & interfaces · May 2017 This work investigates the surface chemistry of H2O2 generation on a boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BD-UNCD) electrode. It is motivated by the need to efficiently disinfect liquid waste in resource constrained environments ... Full text Cite

Integrating carbon nanotube forests into polysilicon MEMS: Growth kinetics, mechanisms, and adhesion

Journal Article Carbon · March 1, 2017 The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on polycrystalline silicon substrates was studied to improve the design of CNT field emission sources for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications and vacuum microelectronic devices (VMDs). Microwave plasma-e ... Full text Cite

Hybrid (Organic/Inorganic) Electrodes from Bacterially Precipitated CdS for PEC/Storage Applications

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry C · February 23, 2017 Hybrid organic-inorganic compounds are receiving increasing attention for photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices due to their high electron transport efficiency and facile synthesis. Biosynthesis is a potentially low-cost and eco-friendly method to precipitate ... Full text Cite

Synthesis and Characterization of an Earth-Abundant Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 Chalcogenide for Photoelectrochemical Cell Application.

Journal Article The journal of physical chemistry letters · November 2016 Cu2BaSnS4-xSex films consisting of earth-abundant metals have been examined for photocathode application. Films with different Se contents (i.e., Cu2BaSnS4-xSex with x ≤ 2.4) were synthesize ... Full text Cite

Improved Performance of Field Emission Vacuum Microelectronic Devices for Integrated Circuits

Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · September 1, 2016 The movement from discrete transistors to integrated silicon circuits led to the rapid evolution of microscale electronics, but there has been no equivalent transition for the vacuum tube transistor. Difficulty integrating devices at microscales has hinder ... Full text Cite

Compatibility of Spatially Coded Apertures with a Miniature Mattauch-Herzog Mass Spectrograph.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · April 2016 In order to minimize losses in signal intensity often present in mass spectrometry miniaturization efforts, we recently applied the principles of spatially coded apertures to magnetic sector mass spectrometry, thereby achieving increases in signal intensit ... Full text Cite

Protocol for High-Sensitivity Surface Area Measurements of Nanostructured Films Enabled by Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry C · November 19, 2015 Due to their nanoscale dimensions, nanomaterials possess a very high specific surface area, which directly informs their properties in energy conversion and storage and catalytic chemical transformation, among other applications. However, common laboratory ... Full text Cite

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry using carbon nanotube field emission electron sources.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · November 2015 A novel chemical ionization (CI) source has been developed based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron source. The CNT-based electron source was evaluated and compared with a standard filament thermionic electron source in a commercial explosi ... Full text Cite

Achieving Excellence in Graduate Research: A Guide for New Graduate Students.

Journal Article Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · October 2015 A mentoring guide for incoming graduate students has been developed to minimize the time spent reiterating general guidance and "norms" that need to be instilled in new graduate students. This allows principal investigators and senior researchers to ... Full text Cite

Order of Magnitude Signal Gain in Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometry Via Aperture Coding.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · September 2015 Miniaturizing instruments for spectroscopic applications requires the designer to confront a tradeoff between instrument resolution and instrument throughput [and associated signal-to-background-ratio (SBR)]. This work demonstrates a solution to this trade ... Full text Cite

Erratum: Enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoparticle films (Nanoscale (2015) 7 (8584-8592))

Journal Article Nanoscale · July 28, 2015 Correction for 'Enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoparticle films' by Isvar A. Cordova, et al., Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 8584-8592. ... Full text Cite

Role of nanocrystalline domain size on the electrochemical double-layer capacitance of high edge density carbon nanostructures

Journal Article MRS Communications · June 1, 2015 Nanostructured carbon materials, especially activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been widely studied for supercapacitor applications. To maximize the efficacy of these materials for electrochemical energy storage, a detailed understanding ... Full text Cite

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoparticle films

Journal Article Nanoscale · May 14, 2015 TiO2 is an exemplary semiconductor anode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting electrodes due to its functionality, long-term stability in corrosive environments, nontoxicity, and low cost. In this study, TiO2 photoanodes with enhanced ph ... Full text Cite

Optimization of active manganese oxide electrodeposits using graphenated carbon nanotube electrodes for supercapacitors

Journal Article Chemistry of Materials · April 14, 2015 Graphenated carbon nanotubes (g-CNTs) were investigated as the electrode support in MnO2 composite cathodes for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors. The electrode performance could be tuned by optimizing the density of graphene foliates on the g- ... Full text Cite

Eliminating proximity effects and improving transmission in field emission vacuum microelectronic devices for integrated circuits

Conference Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM · February 16, 2015 This work evaluates crosstalk and transmission efficiency in multi-integrated field emission vacuum microelectronic devices (FE-VMDs). Experimental evidence showed that proximity effects cannot be neglected, therefore indicating a need for additional contr ... Full text Cite

Two-dimensional aperture coding for magnetic sector mass spectrometry.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · February 2015 In mass spectrometer design, there has been a historic belief that there exists a fundamental trade-off between instrument size, throughput, and resolution. When miniaturizing a traditional system, performance loss in either resolution or throughput would ... Full text Cite

Diamond for biosensing: Electrochemical detection of NOx species with thiol-amine functionalized diamond

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · January 1, 2015 Diamond has long been of interest as a biomaterial due to its expected biocompatibility and chemical stability. Progress in surface functionalization of diamond and diamond electrochemistry has extended this interest to use as a biosensor platform. The sen ... Full text Cite

Enhanced electron transfer kinetics through hybrid graphene-carbon nanotube films.

Journal Article Electrochemistry communications · November 2014 We report the first study of the electrochemical reactivity of a graphenated carbon nanotube (g-CNT) film. The electron transfer kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple were examined for a g-CNT film and compared to the kinetics to standard carbon nanotu ... Full text Cite

Compressive mass analysis on quadrupole ion trap systems.

Journal Article Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · July 2014 Conventionally, quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers eject ions of different mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in a sequential fashion by performing a scan of the rf trapping voltage amplitude. Due to the inherent sparsity of most mass spectra, the detector mea ... Full text Cite

Perspectives on the Growth of High Edge Density Carbon Nanostructures: Transitions from Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets to Graphenated Carbon Nanotubes.

Journal Article The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces · July 2014 Insights into the growth of high edge density carbon nanostructures were achieved by a systematic parametric study of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Such structures are important for electrode performance in a variety of applications su ... Full text Cite

Polyethylenimine-enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate at nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials

Journal Article Journal of the American Chemical Society · June 4, 2014 Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are selective and robust electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to formate in aqueous media without the use of a metal catalyst. Polyethylenimine (PEI) functions as a co-catalyst by significantly reducing catalytic overpotential ... Full text Cite

Selected Topics on the Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.

Journal Article Diamond and related materials · February 2014 In summary, MWCNTs have been examined for a variety of electronic applications due to their unique structure and chemistry. Electrodes for field emission, energy and sensor applications hold particular interest. MWCNTs provide a very high surface area, rel ... Full text Cite

Platform for integrated vacuum microelectronic circuits

Conference IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2014 · January 1, 2014 Vacuum devices are preferred to solid-state for applications requiring radiation stability, a wide range in operating temperature, or high power at high frequency. However, difficulties associated with integrating these devices on the microscale have limit ... Full text Cite

Core-shell photoelectrochemical electrodes for water splitting

Conference Nanoscale Science and Engineering Forum 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future · January 1, 2014 Cite

Disinfection of E. coli contaminated urine using boron-doped diamond electrodes

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · January 1, 2014 We report the development of an electrochemical disinfection system for human urine, which does not require the addition of any external water or chemical reagents. It is designed to minimize energy consumption so that it may be powered from point-of-use s ... Full text Cite

Solution-processed, antimony-doped tin oxide colloid films enable high-performance TiO2 photoanodes for water splitting.

Journal Article Nano letters · April 2013 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and solar fuels hold great promise for harvesting solar energy. TiO2-based photoelectrodes for water splitting have been intensively investigated since 1972. However, solar-to-fuel conversion efficiencies of TiO2 ... Full text Cite

Electrochemical disinfection of human urine for water-free and additive-free toilets using boron-doped diamond electrodes

Journal Article ECS Transactions · January 1, 2013 We report the development of an electrochemical disinfection system for human urine, which does not require the addition of any external water or chemical reagents. It is designed to minimize energy consumption so that it may derive its energy from solar p ... Full text Cite

Core-shell photoelectrochemical electrodes for water splitting

Conference Environmental Division 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future · January 1, 2013 Cite

Core-shell photoelectrochemical electrodes for water splitting

Journal Article Environmental Division 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future · 2013 Cite

Core-shell photoelectrochemical electrodes for water splitting

Journal Article Fuels and Petrochemicals Division 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future · 2013 Cite

Electrochemical charge storage properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films: Effects of thermal oxidation

Journal Article Journal of Physical Chemistry C · September 13, 2012 Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) films were synthesized and investigated in vitro for their potential use as a neural stimulation electrode. Materials and electrochemical (EC) characterization (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectr ... Full text Cite

Modeling operational modes of a bipolar vacuum microelectronic device

Journal Article IEEE Electron Device Letters · August 27, 2012 Vacuum microelectronic devices (VMDs) designed for bipolar charge operation hold great promise for applications in radiation-intensive and high-temperature environments. This novel class of devices was first realized in a microelectromechanical platform le ... Full text Cite

Nanoelectronics: Nothing is like a vacuum.

Journal Article Nature nanotechnology · August 2012 Full text Cite

Three-dimensional arrays of graphenated carbon nanotubes

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · April 14, 2012 Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating materials, both scientifically and technologically, due to their exceptional properties and potential use in applications ranging from high-frequency electronics to energy storage devices. This manuscrip ... Full text Cite

Carbon nanostructures: A morphological classification for charge density optimization

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · March 1, 2012 Nanostructured carbons offer great promise in numerous electrode applications due to their high surface area and area specific capacitance. With the growing importance of energy applications in particular, a need has emerged to characterize the various for ... Full text Cite

Atomic layer deposition for electrochemical energy generation and storage systems

Journal Article Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films · January 1, 2012 Clean renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, and hydro) offers the most promising solution to energy and environmental sustainability. On the other hand, owing to the spatial and temporal variations of renewable energy sources, and transportation and ... Full text Open Access Cite

Graphenated carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrochemical double layer capacitor performance

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · October 2011 This letter reports on nucleation and growth of graphene foliates protruding from the sidewalls of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their impact on the electrochemical double-layer capacitance. Arrays of CNTs were grown for different time intervals, res ... Open Access Cite

A Bipolar Vacuum Microelectronic Device

Journal Article Ieee Transactions on Electron Devices · September 2011 Cite

Carbon Nanotube Electron Ionization Source for Portable Mass Spectrometry

Journal Article Analytical Chemistry · September 2011 Cite

High Knudsen number fluid flow at near-standard temperature and pressure conditions using precision nanochannels

Journal Article Microfluidics and Nanofluidics · February 1, 2011 Gas flows over a wide range of Knudsen numbers (~0.5-10) are studied using silicon nanochannel arrays with slit-shaped pores. The pore sizes of the silicon nanochannel arrays range from micrometer to sub-10-nm scales. The flows are generated under conditio ... Full text Cite

The effect of gold on platinum oxidation in homogeneous Au-Pt electrocatalysts

Journal Article Applied Surface Science · December 2010 Cite

Analysis of 3-panel and 4-panel microscale ionization sources

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · June 2010 Open Access Cite

Influence of Al-doping and oxygen partial pressure on the optical properties of ZnO films

Journal Article Nanotechnology 2009: Fabrication, Particles, Characterization, MEMS, Electronics and Photonics - Technical Proceedings of the 2009 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2009 · November 26, 2009 Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The effects of Al concentrations and oxygen partial pressures on the microstructurc and the luminescence properties of th ... Cite

Simulation and testing of a lateral, microfabricated electron-impact ion source

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · January 2009 Cite

High voltage MEMS platform for fully integrated, on-chip, vacuum electronic devices

Journal Article 2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC with 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference, IVESC · September 15, 2008 We demonstrate a fully integrated, on-chip, vacuum microtriode capable of handling voltages up to 800 V. The ability to operate at such high voltages is achieved by the addition of a 10 μm-thick silicon dioxide layer to the device. The device is fabricated ... Full text Cite

Measurement of reactive and condensable gas permeation using a mass spectrometer

Journal Article Journal of Vacuum Science \& Technology a · September 2008 Cite

Alloying effects of cosputtered gold-platinum thin films on the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · July 11, 2008 A better understanding of the effects of alloying Pt with Au on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was achieved in this study. Recent investigations of carbon-supported Au-Pt nanoparticle catalysts have shown enhanced response for the ORR with respect to ... Full text Cite

High voltage microelectromechanical systems platform for fully integrated, on-chip, vacuum electronic devices

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · June 2008 We demonstrate a fully integrated, on-chip, vacuum microtriode capable of handling voltages up to 800 V. The ability to operate at such high voltages is achieved by the addition of a 10 mu m thick silicon dioxide layer to the device. The device is fabricat ... Cite

Effect of film chemistry on refractive index of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon oxynitride films: A correlative study

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · May 1, 2008 Thick SiOxNy films were deposited by radiofrequency (rf) plasma chemical vapor deposition using silane (SiH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) source gases. The influence of deposition conditions of gas flow ratio, rf plasma mixed-frequency ratio (100 kHz, 13.56 MH ... Full text Cite

Intellectual property (IP) management: Organizational processes and structures, and the role of IP donations

Journal Article Journal of Technology Transfer · February 1, 2008 This paper examines intellectual property (IP) management in U.S. companies and addresses three questions: What are typical sources of IP? How do companies manage IP? What role do donations of IP play in IP management? We used in-depth interviews and an on ... Full text Cite

A novel ion source and detector for a miniature mass spectrometer

Journal Article Proceedings of IEEE Sensors · December 1, 2007 Due to its flexibility and sensitivity, mass spectrometry is a preferred sensing method for applications ranging from explosives detection to air quality monitoring. The key functional elements of a mass spectrometer are ionization, mass separation, and io ... Full text Cite

Ficoll is not a rigid sphere.

Journal Article American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · October 2007 Polydisperse Ficoll mixtures have been used to explore glomerular sieving. Ficoll appears to be neither absorbed nor secreted by the renal tubule, and so urinary Ficoll concentrations reflect only the glomerular filtration barrier. The literature is contra ... Full text Cite

Effects of applied substrate bias during reactive sputter deposition of nanocomposite tantalum carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon thin films

Journal Article Thin Solid Films · May 7, 2007 Nanocomposite tantalum carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon (TaC/a-C:H) thin film composition, structure, and mechanical properties depend on the direct current bias voltage (Vb) level applied to the substrate during reactive sputter deposition. A set of TaC/a-C: ... Full text Cite

On-chip electron-impact ion source using carbon nanotube field emitters

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · March 2007 A lateral on-chip electron-impact ion source utilizing a carbon nanotube field emission electron source was fabricated and characterized. The device consists of a cathode with aligned carbon nanotubes, a control grid, and an ion collector electrode. The el ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

High sensitivity permeation measurement system for "ultrabarrier" thin films

Journal Article Journal Of Vacuum Science \& Technology A · 2007 The authors demonstrate a new technique for high sensitivity gas permeation measurements by integrating mass spectrometry with programed accumulation, detection, and evacuation of permeant. After passing through the film of interest, the gas permeant is ca ... Cite

Miniature multi-electrode electrochemical cell in LTCC

Journal Article Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging · January 1, 2007 The miniaturization of analytical instruments and packaging of novel sensors is an area that has attracted significant research interest and offers many opportunities for product commercialization. Electrochemical sensors have been used to detect a wide va ... Full text Cite

Alloying effects of co-sputtered gold-platinum thin films on the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte

Journal Article ECS Transactions · January 1, 2007 Co-sputtering was utilized to form metastable solid solution Au/Pt alloy films across the entire range of possible compositions. Homogeneous mixing was achieved without nanoparticle geometries, thereby isolating the effects of alloying from nanoscale size ... Full text Cite

Low temperature co-fired ceramics for micro-fluidics

Journal Article Proceedings - Electronic Components and Technology Conference · December 22, 2006 The miniaturization of analytical instruments and packaging of novel sensors is an area that has attracted significant research interest and offers many opportunities for product commercialization. Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) is a materials sy ... Full text Cite

High voltage compatible micromachined vacuum electronic devices with carbon nanotube cold cathodes

Journal Article 2006 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference held jointly with 2006 IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources, IVEC/IVESC 2006 · December 1, 2006 Previously, Bower et al. [1] demonstrated a microfabricated vacuum microtriode with an integrated carbon nanotube field emission cathode. One of the main limitations of the microtriode was the inadequate device insulation which suffered from leakage curren ... Cite

Miniature multi-electrode electrochemical cell in LTCC

Journal Article IMAPS/ACerS - 2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Ceramic Microsystems Technologies, CICMT 2006 · December 1, 2006 The miniaturization of analytical instruments and packaging of novel sensors is an area that has attracted significant research interest and offers many opportunities for product commercialization. Electrochemical sensors have been used to detect a wide va ... Cite

ICNDST & ADC 2006 presents latest research in diamond and related materials

Journal Article MRS Bulletin · September 1, 2006 The joint International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology and the Applied Diamond Conference (ICNDST & ADC 2006) was held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The joint conference brought together more than 230 researchers from 18 coun ... Cite

Mechanical property development in reactively sputtered tantalum carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon thin films

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · June 1, 2006 Hardness, elastic modulus, and stress directly influence the ability of tantalum carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon (TaC/a-C:H) thin films to enhance the wear-resistance of steel tribological component surfaces. Designed factorial experiments enabled an evaluat ... Full text Cite

Effect of growth parameters on refractive index and film composition of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon oxynitride films

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings · December 19, 2005 The importance of silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) for optoelectronic device applications is ever increasing owing to its tunable refractive index. In this research, the influence of deposition conditions on film properties, correlated with film composition and ... Cite

The formation of epitaxial hexagonal boron nitride on nickel substrates

Journal Article Journal of Electronic Materials · December 2005 The various crystallographic forms of boron nitride (BN) are of great technological interest because of their demonstrated tribological, high-temperature, thermally conducting, electrically insulating, and wide-bandgap semiconductor properties. Unfortunate ... Cite

Verification of the O-Si-N complex in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon oxynitride films

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 2005 Silicon oxynitride films were deposited using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The bond configurations of the constituent atoms in the deposited film were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the Si 2p spectra sh ... Full text Cite

Improved optical loss characteristics of PECVD silicon oxynitride films using low frequency plasma

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings · December 1, 2005 With the continued growth of photonics, silicon oxynitride (SiO xN y) is becoming a popular material for optoelectronic applications owing to its large tunable refractive index. However, with the increase in refractive index, these films tend to show poor ... Cite

Influence of deposition parameters on the composition and structure of reactively sputtered nanocomposite TaC/a-C:H thin films

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · September 1, 2005 The properties of nanocomposite tantalum carbide/amorphous hydrocarbon (TaC/a-C:H) thin films depend closely on reactive magnetron sputtering deposition process conditions. The chemical composition and structure trends for TaC/a-C:H films were obtained as ... Full text Cite

Radial distribution function analyses of amorphous carbon thin films containing various levels of silicon and hydrogen

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · July 1, 2004 The use of radial distribution functions (RDF) for the characterization of amorphous carbon thin films containing silicon and hydrogen (Si-aC:H) was analyzed. The average number of neighbours located a distance r from away from an arbitrary atom in the sam ... Full text Cite

Internal R&D - Vital but only one piece of the innovation puzzle

Journal Article Research Technology Management · January 1, 2004 The benefit of return in internal Research and Development (R&D) to yield return on physical asset investment is discussed. The R&D is required to generate innovations and to utilize internal knowledge to access ousite technologies. It also provide an abil ... Full text Cite

Effects of annealing on the mechanical and electrical properties of DC sputtered tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) thin films

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings · January 1, 2004 Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) films were deposited onto p-type silicon substrates using reactive DC magnetron sputtering, and then annealed for one hour in a dry air ambient at temperatures of 730°C, 780°C, and 830°C. Annealing was shown to reduce stress from the ... Full text Cite

Managing the ties between central R & D and business units

Journal Article Research Technology Management · January 1, 2003 The relationship between central R&D (CRD) and the business units (BU) was discussed. Each CRD-BU interface was managed by one person who coordinates the specific BU and the various CRD functions that might interact with it. The negotiation process produce ... Full text Cite

The effects of structure, composition, and chemical bonding on the mechanical properties of Si-aC:H thin films

Journal Article Surface and Coatings Technology · August 22, 2002 The objective of this study was to correlate mechanical properties with the structure and chemistry of silicon-incorporated amorphous hydrocarbon (Si-aC:H) films deposited by reactive sputtering. Hardness and elastic modulus were measured via microindentat ... Full text Cite

Relationships between the thermal stability, friction, and wear properties of reactively sputtered Si-aC:H thin films

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 2002 The friction and wear performance were correlated with the thermal stability of reactively sputtered Si-aC:H thin films containing various Si and H concentrations. The average steady-state friction coefficients as measured by dry sliding pin-on-disk tests ... Full text Cite

Organizational designs for R & D

Journal Article Academy of Management Executive · January 1, 2002 Research and development is becoming increasingly business-oriented, and corporate reliance on new technology and innovation is greater than ever. How can R&D activities be organized to yield the greatest value for the enterprise? A study of 14 leading tec ... Full text Cite

Relationships between the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of Si-aC:H thin films

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 2002 Silicon-incorporated amorphous hydrocarbon (Si-aC:H) films with varying Si contents were deposited onto a Ti interlayer on Si and steel substrates by reactive sputtering in an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The objective of this study was to measu ... Cite

Nucleation and growth of oriented diamond films on nickel substrates

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1996 (100) and (111) oriented diamond films were grown on similarly oriented single crystal Ni substrates using a multi-step seeding and growth process. In-situ reflection monitoring revealed large surface reflectivity changes upon heating of the seeded substra ... Full text Cite

TEM analysis of the observed phases during the growth of oriented diamond on nickel substrates

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1996 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the interfacial microstructures and phases involved in the nucleation and growth of the oriented diamond on Ni substrates by a multi-step growth process. A molten surface layer is formed during ... Full text Cite

Epitaxial films of cobalt disilicide (100) evaporated onto Si(100) from a mixed source

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1996 Thin films of (100) oriented CoSi2 have been electron beam evaporated onto Si(100) substrates from a mixed Co-Si target. A sharp c(2×2) low energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern resulted after annealing the films to 800 °C. Extended x-ray absorption f ... Cite

Bias induced diamond nucleation studies on refractory metal substrates

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1995 The carbide forming nature of the substrate appears to be an important property when performing bias-enhanced nucleation (BEN); therefore, various refractory metals were studied since they are known carbide formers. Nucleation densities approaching 1×1010/ ... Full text Open Access Cite

Diamond deposition using a planar radio frequency inductively coupled plasma

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1995 A planar radio frequency inductively coupled plasma has been used to deposit diamond onto scratched silicon. This plasma source has been developed recently for use in large area semiconductor processing and holds promise as a method for scale up of diamond ... Full text Cite

Comparison of silicon, nickel, and nickel silicide (Ni3Si) as substrates for epitaxial diamond growth

Journal Article Surface Science · July 10, 1995 We carried out experimental and theoretical studies aimed at probing interface interactions of diamond with Si, Ni, and Ni3Si substrates. Oriented diamond films deposited on (100) silicon were characterized by polar Raman, polar XRD, and cross-sectional HR ... Full text Cite

Investigation of the process factor space on bias-enhanced nucleation of diamond on silicon

Journal Article Thin Solid Films · June 1, 1995 The influence of the process parameters on bias-enhanced nucleation of diamond on silicon was studied. When low pressures (< 15 Torr) and/or high bias voltages (more than 350 V d.c.) were used, no significant diamond nucleation was observed; in some cases ... Full text Cite

DIAMOND NUCLEATION AND GROWTH ON REACTIVE TRANSITION-METAL SUBSTRATES

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · June 1995 Diamond deposition on group VIII transition metals of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni has been achieved by a multi-step chemical vapor deposition process consisting of (i) seeding the substrate with diamond powders, (ii) annealing the seeded substrate in hydrogen a ... Cite

Field emission characteristics of diamond coated silicon field emitters

Journal Article Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures · March 1, 1995 Single crystal silicon field emitters have been modified by surface deposition of diamond using bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Polycrystalline diamond with a high nucleation density (1010/cm2) and small grain size (<20 nm) was ac ... Full text Cite

Nucleation of oriented diamond particles on cobalt substrates

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · January 1, 1995 Nucleation of oriented diamond particles on cobalt substrates has been achieved by a multistep, hot-filament chemical vapor deposition process, which involves seeding, annealing, nucleation, and then growth. The substrates were seeded with either diamond p ... Full text Cite

Growth of diamond films using an enclosed combustion flame

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · January 1, 1995 This paper discusses the growth of diamond thin films using an enclosed oxyacetylene torch operating at 700 Torr. Using response surface methodologies, we have systematically explored the parameter space to construct maps of nucleation density, film qualit ... Full text Cite

Nucleation and selected area deposition of diamond by biased hot filament chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1995 This paper describes a process for uniformly enhancing the nucleation density of diamond films on silicon (Si) substrates via dc-biased hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The Si substrate was negatively biased and the tungsten (W) filaments we ... Full text Cite

Electron emission from diamond coated silicon field emitters

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1994 Polycrystalline diamond thin films have been formed on single crystal silicon field emitters using bias-enhanced nucleation in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. A diamond nucleation density greater than 1010/cm2 with small grain sizes (< ... Full text Cite

The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1994 Raman and various photoluminescence (PL) techniques were employed to investigate the role of nitrogen doping on the optical spectra of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond films and to determine the origin of the characteristic broadband luminescence whi ... Full text Cite

Effect of native SiO2 layer on the nucleation of diamond using a combustion flame

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · January 1, 1994 The effect of native oxide thickness on the nucleation of diamond was investigated. The initial thickness of the native oxide on Si substrates was varied using three surface treatment methods: ultrasonic scratching, HF acid etching, and a combination of th ... Full text Cite

The effect of substrate material on bias-enhanced diamond nucleation

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · January 1, 1994 Diamond has been deposited on polycrystalline copper substrates via bias-enhanced nucleation, a pre-treatment technique to promote nucleation in which a negative potential is applied to the substrate. The maximum nucleation density of the diamond on the co ... Full text Cite

Diamond nucleation on nickel substrates seeded with non-diamond carbon

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1994 Oriented diamond films have been nucleated on single crystal nickel substrates seeded with non-diamond carbon and annealed at high temperatures in atomic hydrogen. The non-diamond carbon seeds included graphite powders, fullerene (60) powders, and gaseous ... Full text Cite

Investigation of the low angle grain boundaries in highly oriented diamond films via transmission electron microscopy

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1994 Highly oriented diamond thin films grown on silicon via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the plan view, defects appearing at the grain boundary were easily observed. (100) faceted grains that ... Full text Cite

Nucleation enhancement and growth of diamond films using an enclosed combustion flame

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1994 This research investigates the growth of diamond thin films using an enclosed oxyacetylene torch. Using statistical experimental design, we have systematically explored the parameter space to construct maps of nucleation density, film quality, and growth r ... Full text Cite

Recombination processes of the broadband and 1.681 eV optical centers in diamond films

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1994 Micro- and macro-photoluminescence techniques were employed in this research to investigate the role of nitrogen-doping on the optical spectra of chemical vapor deposited diamond films and to determine whether the origin of the broadband luminescence is du ... Full text Cite

Diamond nucleation studies on refractory metals and nickel

Journal Article Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings · January 1, 1994 Diamond nucleation has been investigated on a variety of potential heteroepitaxial substrate materials. Previous work in this laboratory has demonstrated heteroepitaxial nucleation on both Si and SiC substrates via bias-enhanced nucleation (BEN). In this s ... Full text Cite

Microphotoluminescence and Raman scattering study of defect formation in diamond films

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1993 Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy are employed to explore the time evolution of defect formation in chemical vapor deposition diamond films for stages of growth spanning nucleation to continuous film formation. Our research is concentrated on three ... Full text Cite

Oriented nucleation and growth of diamond films on β-SiC and Si

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1993 Oriented diamond nuclei prepared by bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on β-SiC and Si were characterized by x-ray texture diffractometry. In both cases, x-ray pole figures reveal an epitaxial relation between the orientation of diamo ... Full text Cite

Textured growth of diamond on silicon via in situ carburization and bias-enhanced nucleation

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1993 Ordered diamond films have been deposited on single-crystal silicon substrates via an in situ carburization followed by bias-enhanced nucleation. Textured diamond films with greater than 50% of the grains oriented D(100)//Si(100) and D〈110〉//Si〈110〉 were g ... Full text Cite

Effect of surface hydrogen on metal-diamond interface properties

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1993 Schottky barrier formation of metal contacts deposited on diamond (111) and (100) surfaces was investigated. Three different metals (Au, Al, and Ti) were studied because of their different chemical reactivity with C, i.e., Au being a nonreactive metal, Al ... Full text Cite

Oriented diamond films grown on nickel substrates

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1993 A previously reported multistep hot filament chemical vapor deposition process for nucleating diamond directly on nickel substrates has been further refined to increase the nucleation density and improve the orientation of diamond films. The process employ ... Full text Cite

Fabrication of diamond thin-film thermistors for high-temperature applications

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · April 13, 1993 CVD diamond thin-film thermistors have been fabricated in various geometries and at different doping levels in an effort to achieve practical resistance-vs.-temperature characteristics. Typical activation energy values reported for polycrystalline films we ... Full text Cite

Fabrication of diamond thin-film thermistors for high-temperature applications

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · April 1, 1993 CVD diamond thin-film thermistors have been fabricated in various geometries and at different doping levels in an effort to achieve practical resistance-vs.-temperature characteristics. Typical activation energy values reported for polycrystalline films we ... Cite

Nucleation and growth of diamond using a computer-controlled oxy-acetylene torch

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · March 31, 1993 A computer-controlled oxy-acetylene torch was used to nucleate and grow polycrystalline diamond films. The computer interface was designed to monitor and/or modify continuously oxygen and acetylene flow rates, while a PID temperature controller was used to ... Full text Cite

Epitaxial nucleation of diamond on β-SiC via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · March 31, 1993 Diamond has been successfully nucleated on mirror finish single-crystal β-SiC films via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Initial scanning electron microscopy indicated that approximately 50% of the diamond grains were oriented rela ... Full text Cite

Combustion growth of large diamond crystals

Journal Article Journal of Crystal Growth · March 2, 1993 This paper reports the successful growth of optically transparent, individual diamond crystals up to millimeter diameters on silicon substrates by oxygen-acetylene combustion flames at atmospheric pressure. The growth process consisted of three steps: (i) ... Full text Cite

Diamond and beta -SiC heteroepitaxial interfaces: A theoretical and experimental study.

Journal Article Physical review. B, Condensed matter · March 1993 Full text Cite

Geometric modeling of the diamond-β-SiC heteroepitaxial interface

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · March 1, 1993 A theoretical study of the diamond-β-SiC heteroepitaxial interface has been conducted. The interfacial modeling was performed to examine the various combinations of like and unlike interfacial planes between diamond and β-SiC based on a geometric criterion ... Cite

Nucleation and growth of diamond using a computer-controlled oxy-acetylene torch

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · March 1, 1993 A computer-controlled oxy-acetylene torch was used to nucleate and grow polycrystalline diamond films. The computer interface was designed to monitor and or modify continuously oxygen and acetylene flow rates, while a PID temperature controller was used to ... Cite

Titanium carbide rectifying contacts on boron-doped polycrystalline diamond

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · February 26, 1993 TiC contacts on B-doped polycrystalline diamond were studied. The as-deposited TiC formed rectifying contacts with a reverse leakage current of 0.4 μA at 5 V. After the contacts had been annealed at 850 C at a vacuum of approximately 1 × 10-8 Torr, the cur ... Full text Cite

Geometric modeling of the diamond-β-SiC heteroepitaxial interface

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · 1993 A theoretical study of the diamond-β-SiC heteroepitaxial interface has been conducted. The interfacial modeling was performed to examine the various combinations of like and unlike interfacial planes between diamond and β-SiC based on a geometric ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of interface chemistry to electrical properties of metal contacts on diamond

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · 1993 Three different metals (Au, Al and Ti) were deposited on polycrystalline diamond films. The effects of post-deposition annealing and pre-deposition Ar+ sputtering were examined. Au and Al did not chemically interact with diamond and formed rectifying conta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epitaxial nucleation of diamond on β-SiC via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · 1993 Diamond has been successfully nucleated on mirror finish single-crystal β-SiC films via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Initial scanning electron microscopy indicated that approximately 50% of the diamond grains were oriented ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nucleation of oriented diamond films on nickel substrates

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1993 A seeding and multistep deposition process has been developed to nucleate and grow diamond films directly on Ni substrates in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition system. High quality diamond films have been deposited without graphite codeposition on b ... Full text Cite

Effects of argon presputtering on the formation of aluminum contacts on polycrystalline diamond

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1992 The results of in vacuo x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy of Al-diamond interfaces for Al overlayer thicknesses up to 10 Å are presented. Postdeposition annealing effects up to 430°C are also discussed. Ex situ current-voltag ... Full text Cite

Textured diamond growth on (100) β-SiC via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1992 Textured diamond films have been deposited on β-SiC via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition preceded by an in situ bias pretreatment that enhances nucleation. Approximately 50% of the initial diamond nuclei appear to be aligned with the C(001) plane ... Full text Cite

A review of the electrical characteristics of metal contacts on diamond

Journal Article Thin Solid Films · May 15, 1992 The formation of closely spaced selected area ohmic and rectifying contacts on a given semiconductor surface is of fundamental interest for the fabrication of transistor type devices. However, it has been observed that the formation of good ohmic or rectif ... Full text Cite

Defect and interface structures of diamond thin films

Journal Article R and D: Research and Development Kobe Steel Engineering Reports · April 1, 1992 Diamond films grown by microwave plasma CVD have been examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High Resolution TEM (HRTEM). It was found that columnar growth of polycrystalline grain structure, twins, stacking faults, dislocations and interme ... Cite

Correlation of the electrical properties of metal contacts on diamond films with the chemical nature of the metal-diamond interface. I. Gold contacts: A non-carbide-forming metal

Journal Article Physical Review B · January 1, 1992 The gold-polycrystalline-diamond interface has been characterized by x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy (XPS), Auger-electron-spectroscopy (AES), and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The I-V characteristics of gold contacts on polycrystalline diamond were ... Full text Cite

Electrical conductivity and photoluminescence of diamond films grown by downstream microwave plasma CVD

Journal Article Journal of Electronic Materials · 1992 Electrical conductivity measurements and photoluminescence (PL) were used to study the effects that sample distance from the plasma during growth has on the carrier transport properties of undoped CVD diamond. The films were grown by downstream microwave p ... Cite

Effects of boron doping on the surface morphology and structural imperfections of diamond films

Journal Article Diam. Relat. Mater. (Netherlands) · 1992 The paper reports the surface morphology and structural imperfection of boron-doped diamond films prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. It was found that boron dopants improved the structural quality of diamond films. The surface ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Improved uniformity and selected area deposition of diamond by the oxy-acetylene flame method

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1992 The role of Si02in nucleation of diamond has been investigated in an oxy-acetylene flame. It was found that growth methods that minimize Si02formation enhance diamond nucleation. A short pretreatment of a scratched Si surface in a low oxygen-to-acetylene r ... Full text Cite

Twinning and faceting in early stages of diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · 1992 Flat, hexagonally shaped diamond platelets were observed during the initial stage of microwave plasma assisted deposition of diamond. The platelets are approximately 2.5 μm in linear dimension and are oriented with their large six-sided faces parallel to t ... Cite

In situ growth rate measurement and nucleation enhancement for microwave plasma CVD of diamond

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1992 Laser reflection interferometry (LRI) has been shown to be a useful in situ technique for measuring growth rate of diamond during microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Current alternatives to LRI usually involve ex situ analysis such as cross ... Full text Cite

Correlation of the electrical properties of metal contacts on diamond films with the chemical nature of the metal-diamond interface. II. Titanium contacts: A carbide-forming metal

Journal Article Physical Review B · January 1, 1992 The I-V characteristics of titanium contacts on polycrystalline diamond have been correlated with x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger-electron-spectroscopy (AES) characterizations of the interface. As-deposited titanium contacts were rectifyin ... Full text Cite

Material and electrical characterization of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond films grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1991 Crystal/material quality and electrical properties of B-doped diamond films synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Raman spectroscopy verified the presence of diamond and indicated that the crystal quality increased wi ... Full text Cite

The role of geometric considerations in the diamond-cubic boron nitride heteroepitaxial system

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1991 We report the methods and results of a theoretical study of the diamond-cubic boron nitride [BNcub] heteroepitaxial system. We introduce a general, geometric reciprocal space technique for evaluating candidate epitaxial configurations, and a novel system o ... Full text Cite

Observation of surface modification and nucleation during deposition of diamond on silicon by scanning tunneling microscopy

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1991 The surface topography of silicon substrates after the initial stages of diamond growth, by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, has been observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. The initial surfaces were polished with diamond paste befor ... Full text Cite

Large-area mosaic diamond films approaching single-crystal quality

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1991 The seeding for large-area mosaic diamond films approaching single-crystal quality is described. The technique includes patterned etching of relief structures in Si substrates, deposition from a slurry and orientation of macroscopic diamond seed crystals i ... Full text Cite

Analysis via transmission electron microscopy of the quality of diamond films deposited from the vapor phase

Journal Article Diamond and Related Materials · August 15, 1991 The quality of diamond films deposited from the vapor phase was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Diamond films grown by different deposition processes and under various conditions were examined and the processing microstructure relationships ... Full text Cite

SURFACE AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF DIAMOND THIN-FILMS

Journal Article Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society · August 1991 Cite

Microfabrication of diamond films: selective deposition and etching

Journal Article Surface and Coatings Technology · January 1, 1991 For the future application of diamond films to microelectronic devices and sensors, it is necessary to develop methods for making patterns a few micrometers wide of diamond films on substrates. To this end, two different methods of selected-area deposition ... Full text Cite

Surface topography and nucleation of chemical vapor deposition diamond films on silicon by scanning tunneling microscopy

Journal Article J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Microelectron. Process. Phenom. (USA) · 1991 The surface topography of diamond thin films deposited on silicon have been charted by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This study addresses the initial nucleation of diamond growth on Si, and the faceted structure of the diamond films. The results wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Review of the electrical characteristics of metal contacts on diamond

Journal Article Materials Science Monographs · 1991 Cite

Growth and Characterization of Diamond Films on Nondiamond Substrates for Electronic Applications

Journal Article Proceedings of the IEEE · January 1, 1991 This review concentrates on recent advances in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and characterization of diamond films on nondiamond substrates. Major growth techniques including hot filament CVD, microwave, RF or dc plasma enhanced CVD, and combustion f ... Full text Cite

Vapor deposition of diamond thin films on various substrates

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1990 The growth of diamond films on various polycrystalline metal and (001) Si substrates by biased hot-filament chemical vapor deposition is discussed. The deposited films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Auger electr ... Full text Cite

Bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition of diamond thin films

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1990 The growth of diamond films on (001) Si substrates by bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition is described. The film quality as judged by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy depends strongly on the biasing conditions. Under low current re ... Full text Cite

LASER INTERFEROMETRIC PROBE FOR DETECTION OF ACOUSTIC-EMISSION

Journal Article Materials Evaluation · June 1990 Cite

The analysis of defect structures and substrate/film interfaces of diamond thin films

Journal Article Journal of Crystal Growth · January 1, 1990 Diamond is an excellent candidate material for use in selected electronic and wear resistant coating applications due to its superior hardness, strength and thermal conductivity as well as its high electron drift velocity, chemical and thermal stability, r ... Full text Cite

Analysis of defect structures and substrate/film interfaces of diamond thin films

Journal Article Journal of Crystal Growth · 1990 In this research, diamond thin films grown from a low pressure methane-hydrogen gas mixture by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been examined by various transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques including bright and da ... Cite

Electron microscopic characterization of diamond films grown on Si by bias-controlled chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · 1990 Diamond films grown by Bias-Controlled Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (BCCVD) on silicon (Si) substrates were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Both plan-view and cross-sectional TEM samples were made from diamond films grown ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Properties and applications of vapor grown diamond

Journal Article Carbon · January 1, 1990 Full text Cite

Electron Microscopy of Defects in Epitaxical β‐SiC Thin Films Grown on Silicon and Carbon {0001} Faces of α‐SiC Substrates

Journal Article Journal of the American Ceramic Society · January 1, 1990 Defects present in β‐SiC thin films epitaxically grown on hexagonal 6Hα‐SiC substrates via chemical vapor deposition have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. These defects are different from those previously observed in β‐SiC films grow ... Full text Cite

Electron Microscopy of Vapor Phase Deposited Diamond

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1990 Thin carbon films grown from a low pressure methane-hydrogen gas mixture by microwave plasma enhanced CVD have been examined by electron microscopy. Previously reported transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the diamond films1 has shown that the majorit ... Full text Cite

Analysis of the composite structures in diamond thin films by Raman spectroscopy

Journal Article Physical Review B · January 1, 1990 Diamond and diamondlike thin films produced by various chemical-vapor- deposition processes have been examined using Raman spectroscopy. These films exhibit features in the Raman spectra, suggesting that they are composites of crystalline and amorphous dia ... Full text Cite

Effect of Substrate Orientation on Interfacial and Bulk Character of Chemically Vapor Deposited Monocrystalline Silicon Carbide Thin Films

Journal Article Journal of the American Ceramic Society · January 1, 1990 The high breakdown electric field, saturated electron drift velocity, and melting (decomposition) point of SiC have given continual impetus to research concerned with the development of thin films having minimum concentrations of line and planar defects an ... Full text Cite

The effects of thermal annealing on the microstructural, optical and electrical properties of beta silicon carbide films implanted with boron or nitrogen

Journal Article Journal of Electronic Materials · March 1, 1989 The effects of annealing of B or N dual implanted regions in 15-20 Μm thick monocrystalline Β-SiC films has been investigated using cross-sectional TEM, SIMS, Raman spectroscopy, C-V and sheet resistance measurements. Implantation resulted in buried amorph ... Full text Cite

Raman analysis of the composite structures in diamond thin films

Journal Article Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 17, 1989 Raman spectroscopy has been used to examine diamond thin films produced by various CVD processes. The Raman spectra exhibit features which suggest that the films are composites of diamond (sp3) and graphite-like (sp4) bonding. A brief outline of Raman scat ... Full text Cite

Surface morphology and defect structures in microwave cvd diamond films

Journal Article Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 17, 1989 Polycrystalline diamond films were deposited by the microwave-plasma chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) on Si substrates using a mixture of methane and hydrogen for the source gas. In the morphology study of diamond films using a scanning electron microscope ... Full text Cite

Growth rate, surface morphology, and defect microstructures of β—SiC films chemically vapor deposited on 6H—SiC substrates

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1989 Beta—SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on 6H—SiC {0001} substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth rate increased linearly with the source/carrier gas flow rate ratio. The activation energy for the growth of β—SiC grown on the Si f ... Full text Cite

Microstructural characterization of diamond thin films

Journal Article Proceedings - The Electrochemical Society · 1989 Cite

Characterization of diamond thin films: Diamond phase identification, surface morphology, and defect structures

Journal Article Journal of Materials Research · January 1, 1989 Thin carbon films grown from a low pressure methane-hydrogen gas mixture by microwave plasma enhanced CVD have been examined by Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, electron and x-ray diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, ... Full text Cite

Effect of phosphoric acid concentration on electrocatalysis

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · 1989 Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is the electrolyte used in the most advanced H2/air fuel cell developed for power generation and for on-site integrated energy systems. Oxygen reduction kinetics in this electrolyte are relatively poor and thus limit the efficiency ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemical vapor deposition and characterization of 6H-SiC thin films on off-axis 6H-SiC substrates

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1988 High-quality, monocrystalline 6H-SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on 6H-SiC {0001} substrates which were prepared 3°off-axis from 〈0001〉 towards 〈112̄0〉 at 1773 K via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Essentially, no defects were generated from the ... Full text Cite

An examination of double positioning boundaries and interface misfit in beta-SiC films on alpha-SiC substrates

Journal Article Journal of Applied Physics · December 1, 1988 Beta-SiC thin films epitaxially grown on 6H-SiC (0001) substrates were examined via scanning-reflection x-ray topography (XRT) and x-ray rocking curve analysis. The lattice misfit between the (111) plane of the β-SiC epitaxial layer and the (0001) plane of ... Full text Cite

The effect of off-axis Si (100) substrates on the defect structure and electrical properties of β-SiC thin films

Journal Article J. Mater. Res. (USA) · 1988 Antiphase domain-free, monocrystalline β-SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on off-axis Si (100) substrates. The effects of degree of misorientation and substrate preannealing on the antiphase domain boundaries (APB's) have been investigated. ... Cite

Raman scattering characterization of carbon bonding in diamond and diamondlike thin films

Journal Article J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vac. Surf. Films (USA) · 1988 The atomic bonding configurations of carbon bonding in diamond and diamondlike thin films are explored using Raman scattering. The general aspects of Raman scattering from composites are presented. Effects are discussed due to crystalline or amorphous stru ... Full text Link to item Cite

The electrochemical stability and calculated free energies of PtCr alloys

Journal Article J. Electrochem. Soc. (USA) · 1988 The calculated free energies and electrochemical stability of the PtCr system are presented as well as the calculated free energies of the PtZr, PtTi, and the PtV systems. These alloy systems are currently of interest as fuel cell electrodes providing deal ... Cite

Critical evaluation of the status of the areas for future research regarding the wide band gap semiconductors diamond, gallium nitride and silicon carbide

Journal Article Materials Science & Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology · 1988 The deposition of monocrystalline diamond, at or below 1 atm total pressure and at a temperature T<1273 K, has been achieved on diamond substrates; the deposited film has been polycrystalline on all other substrates but the achievement is no less signif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemical vapor deposition and characterization of diamond films grown via microwave plasma enhanced CVD

Journal Article Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA) · 1988 Diamond is an excellent candidate material for use in electronic and wear resistant coating applications due to its hardness, strength, thermal conductivity, high electron drift velocity, chemical and thermal stability, radiation hardness and optical trans ... Cite

Epitaxial growth, doping, and analytical characterization of monocrystalline beta-SiC semiconductor thin films

Journal Article J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vac. Surf. Films (USA) · 1988 Summary form only given. The authors discuss growth of epitaxial films of β-SiC on high resistivity substrates, using chemical vapour deposition. They study the defects and effects of doping, and manufacture Schottky diodes ... Full text Link to item Cite

ELECTRICAL CONTACTS TO BETA SILICON CARBIDE THIN FILMS.

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · 1988 Ohmic and reftifying electrical contacts to n- or p-type semiconducting beta -SiC thin films were developed and characterized. Upon annealing for 300s at 1523 K, Ni, Au-Ta, and Cr were ohmic on n-type material. TaSi//2, similarly heated to 1123 K, and as-d ... Cite

Structural and chemical characterization of diamond films and diamond-substrate interfaces

Journal Article J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vac. Surf. Films (USA) · 1988 Summary form only given. Diamond thin films grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) were characterized by a variety of materials analysis techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscop ... Full text Link to item Cite

MONOCRYSTALLINE beta -SIC SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILMS: EPITAXIAL GROWTH, DOPING, AND FET DEVICE DEVELOPMENT.

Journal Article Proceedings - Electronic Components and Technology Conference · January 1, 1988 High-purity, single-crystal beta -SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown by means of chemical vapor deposition. The defect nature of these films has been characterized, and antiphase boundaries, one of the major defects observed, were eliminated throug ... Cite

Temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors in n-type β-SiC grown via chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1987 Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET's) have been fabricated in an unintentionally doped, n-type β-SiC thin film grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This n-type layer was deposited on a monocrystalline p-type β-SiC (100) CVD layer pre ... Full text Cite

Epitaxial growth, doping and analytical characterization of monocrystalline beta-SiC semiconductor thin flims

Journal Article International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (Proceedings) · December 1, 1987 High purity monocrystalline β-SiC films have been grown on Si (100) and α-SiC (0001) at 1660K and 0.1 MPa using SiH4 and C2H4 carried in H2. Films produced on Si (100) have also been doped with B or Al (p-type) or P or N (n-type) at LN, room and elevated t ... Cite

EFFECT OF METALLURGICAL VARIABLES ON THE ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF PtCr ALLOYS.

Journal Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society · 1987 The effect of alloying on catalysis, especially with respect to oxygen and the ORR, was examined. A series of PtCr alloys allowed four major aspects of alloying to be investigated: (i) effect of decreasing lattice parameter with increasing Cr content in th ... Cite

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF METALLURGICAL VARIABLES ON THE ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES AT PtCr ALLOYS.

Journal Article Proceedings - The Electrochemical Society · December 1, 1986 In this investigation, the effect of alloying on catalysis, especially with respect to oxygen and the ORR, was examined. A series of PtCr alloys allowed four major aspects of alloying to be investigated: (i) Effect of decreasing lattice parameter with incr ... Cite

Epitaxial growth of β-SiC thin films on 6H α-SiC substrates via chemical vapor deposition

Journal Article Applied Physics Letters · December 1, 1986 Epitaxial films of cubic β-SiC(111) have been grown via chemical vapor deposition at 1683 K on (0001) substrates of hexagonal 6H α-SiC. Optical microscopy of the surface indicated that a decrease in the ratio of the sum of the C and Si source gases to the ... Full text Cite

ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF THREE NAVAL ALLOY STEELS.

Journal Article Materials Evaluation · June 1, 1985 The acoustic emission (AE) behavior of three naval alloy steels (HY 80, HY 100, and HY 130) was characterized during tensile elongation and bend-type loading. The detection of emissions was accomplished using a very new, state-of-the-art interferometer sup ... Cite