Heather M. Stapleton

Journal Article Environmental research · October 2024 In the United States and abroad, ortho-phthalates and non-ortho-phthalate plasticizers continue to be used within a diverse array of consumer products. Prior California-specific biomonitoring programs for ortho-phthalates have focused on rural, agricultura ... Full text Cite

Wristband Personal Passive Samplers and Suspect Screening Methods Highlight Gender Disparities in Chemical Exposures.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2024 Wristband personal samplers enable human exposure assessments for a diverse range of chemical contaminants and exposure settings with a previously unattainable scale and cost-effectiveness. Paired with nontargeted analyses, wristbands can provide important ... Full text Cite

Silicone Wristbands as a Personal Passive Sampler to Evaluate Indoor Exposure to Volatile and Non-volatile PFASs.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2024 Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) primarily occurs via consumption of contaminated drinking water and food; however, individuals can also be exposed dermally and via inhalation indoors. This study developed an analytical method for me ... Full text Cite

Chemical and non-chemical stressors in a postpartum cohort through wristband and self report data: Links between increased chemical burden, economic, and racial stress.

Journal Article Environment international · September 2024 Multiple external stressors are known to have adverse impacts on health and development. Certain groups are more vulnerable and/or more likely to be exposed toenvironmental, psychological, and social stressors simultaneously. Yet, few studies have examined ... Full text Cite

Children's exposure to chemical contaminants: Demographic disparities and associations with the developing basal ganglia.

Journal Article Environmental research · September 2024 Children are regularly exposed to chemical contaminants that may influence brain development. However, relatively little is known about how these contaminants impact the developing human brain. Here, we combined silicone wristband exposure assessments with ... Full text Cite

Canine on the Couch: The New Canary in the Coal Mine for Environmental Health Research.

Journal Article Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · August 2024 Human health is intimately connected and tied to the health of our environment and ecosystem, with only a very small fraction of the risk for chronic diseases explained by genetics alone. Companion animals are prone to disease types that are shared with pe ... Full text Cite

Associations of environmental chemical exposures measured in personal silicone wristbands with sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 restrictions, and child respiratory health.

Journal Article Environmental research · August 2024 BackgroundAlthough human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals has been considered a gold standard, these methods can be costly, burdensome, and prone to unwanted sources of variability that may cause confounding. Silicone wristbands have recen ... Full text Cite

Monitoring human exposure to four parabens and triclosan: comparing silicone wristbands with spot urine samples as predictors of internal dose.

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · July 2024 BackgroundPeople are exposed to a variety of chemicals each day as a result of their personal care product (PCP) use.ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine if silicone wristbands provide a quantitative estimate of internal dose for ... Full text Cite

Children's exposure to brominated flame retardants in the home: The TESIE study.

Journal Article Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · July 2024 Due to differences in chemical properties and half-lives, best practices for exposure assessment may differ for legacy versus novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Our objective was to identify the environment matrix that best predicted biomarkers of c ... Full text Cite

Structure-specific variation in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances toxicity among genetically diverse Caenorhabditis elegans strains.

Journal Article bioRxiv · June 2, 2024 BACKGROUND: There are >14,500 structurally diverse per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Despite knowledge that these "forever chemicals" are in 99% of humans, mechanisms of toxicity and adverse health effects are incompletely known. Furthermore, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemical uptake into silicone wristbands over a five day period.

Journal Article Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · May 2024 Silicone wristbands are a noninvasive personal exposure assessment tool. However, despite their utility, questions remain about the rate at which chemicals accumulate on wristbands when worn, as validation studies utilizing wristbands worn by human partici ... Full text Cite

Flame Retardant Exposure in Vehicles Is Influenced by Use in Seat Foam and Temperature.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2024 Flame retardants (FRs) are added to vehicles to meet flammability standards, such as US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS 302. However, an understanding of which FRs are being used, sources in the vehicle, and implications for human exposure is l ... Full text Cite

Correction to “Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants: Are They a Regrettable Substitution for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers?”

Journal Article Environmental Science & Technology Letters · March 12, 2024 Full text Cite

Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Self-collected Biospecimens Following Campfire Exposure: Exploring Non-invasive Biomarkers of Wildfire Health Effects.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology letters · March 2024 Climate change has contributed to increased frequency and intensity of wildfire. Studying its acute effects is limited due to unpredictable nature of wildfire occurrence, which necessitates readily deployable techniques to collect biospecimens. To identify ... Full text Cite

Opportunities in Assessing and Regulating Organohalogen Flame Retardants (OFRs) as a Class in Consumer Products.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · January 2024 BackgroundIn 2015, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) received and then, in 2017, granted a petition under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act to declare certain groups of consumer products as banned hazardous substances if they c ... Full text Cite

Silicone tags as an effective method of monitoring environmental contaminant exposures in a geographically diverse sample of dogs from the Dog Aging Project.

Journal Article Frontiers in veterinary science · January 2024 IntroductionCompanion animals offer a unique opportunity to investigate risk factors and exposures in our shared environment. Passive sampling techniques have proven effective in capturing environmental exposures in dogs and humans.Methods Full text Cite

Investigating sensitization activity of azobenzene disperse dyes via the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA).

Journal Article Food Chem Toxicol · December 2023 Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and have been found in indoor house dust and in children's polyester apparel. Azobenzene disperse dyes are implicated as potentially allergenic; however, little experimental ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes and related compounds in house dust and their correlations with other organic contaminant classes.

Journal Article Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · November 2023 Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and are implicated in the literature as potentially allergenic. In the indoor environment, these dyes may be shed from various textiles, including clothing and upholstery and ... Full text Cite

PFAS levels in paired drinking water and serum samples collected from an exposed community in Central North Carolina.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · October 2023 The community of Pittsboro, North Carolina has been documented to have extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in its drinking water source, the Haw River, over the last 20 years. However, a detailed exposure assessment has never ... Full text Cite

Measuring semi-volatile organic compound exposures during pregnancy using silicone wristbands.

Journal Article Chemosphere · October 2023 Silicone wristbands were utilized as personal passive samplers in a sub-cohort of 92 women, who participated in New York University Children's Health and Environment Study, to assess exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Wristbands were anal ... Full text Cite

Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos is reversible following depuration in clean water.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · October 2023 Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) - a widely used organophosphate-based flame retardant - blocks cardiac looping during zebrafish development in a concentration-dependent manner, a phenotype that is dependent on disruption of embryonic osmoregulation and pericard ... Full text Cite

Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight.

Journal Article Chemosphere · May 2023 Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated diphe ... Full text Cite

Self-Collection Blood Test for PFASs: Comparing Volumetric Microsamplers with a Traditional Serum Approach.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2023 A remote sampling approach was developed at Eurofins for quantifying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in whole blood samples collected using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMSs), which allow for self-collection of blood using a finger pri ... Full text Cite

Maternal exposure to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) during pregnancy: evidence of adverse maternal and fetoplacental effects in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.

Journal Article Toxicol Sci · February 17, 2023 Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a replacement for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) that is increasingly detected in drinking water and human serum. Higher PFBS exposure is associated with risk for preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal and i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hormone receptor activities of complex mixtures of known and suspect chemicals in personal silicone wristband samplers worn in office buildings.

Journal Article Chemosphere · February 2023 Humans are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of hormone-disrupting chemicals from a variety of sources, yet, traditional research methods only evaluate a small number of chemicals at a time. We aimed to advance novel methods to investigate exposures ... Full text Cite

Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos is dependent on the ionic strength of exposure media.

Journal Article Environment international · February 2023 Pericardial edema is commonly observed in zebrafish embryo-based chemical toxicity screens, and a mechanism underlying edema may be disruption of embryonic osmoregulation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify whether triphenyl phosphate ( ... Full text Cite

Triphenyl Phosphate-Induced Pericardial Edema in Zebrafish Embryos is Dependent on the Ionic Strength of Exposure Media

Conference BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH · 2023 Cite

Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions.

Journal Article Environment international · November 2022 Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wris ... Full text Cite

Evaluating maternal exposure to an environmental per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixture during pregnancy: Adverse maternal and fetoplacental effects in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · September 10, 2022 Mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often found in drinking water, and serum PFAS are detected in up to 99% of the population. However, very little is known about how exposure to mixtures of PFAS affects maternal and fetal health. Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infants' diminished response to DTaP vaccine is associated with exposure to organophosphate esters.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · September 1, 2022 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly applied as flame retardants and plasticizers. Toxicological studies suggest exposure effects on immune endpoints, raising concerns as infants' OPE exposures are elevated compared to older children and adults due t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: A pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · August 2022 Firefighters are occupationally exposed to an array of hazardous chemicals, and these exposures have been linked to the higher rates of some cancer in firefighters. However, additional research that characterizes firefighters' exposure is needed to fully e ... Full text Cite

Why Indoor Chemistry Matters: A National Academies Consensus Report.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2022 Full text Cite

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in river discharge: Modeling loads upstream and downstream of a PFAS manufacturing plant in the Cape Fear watershed, North Carolina.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · July 2022 The Cape Fear River is an important source of drinking water in North Carolina, and many drinking water intakes in the watershed are affected by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We quantified PFAS concentrations and loads in river water upstream ... Full text Cite

Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human placental tissues and associations with birth outcomes.

Journal Article Chemosphere · May 2022 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants commonly detected in human serum. Previous studies have observed associations between maternal serum PFAS and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes such as lower birth weig ... Full text Cite

Partial dust removal in vehicles does not mitigate human exposure to organophosphate esters.

Journal Article Environmental research · April 2022 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been detected within car interior dust, suggesting that the indoor microenvironment of vehicles may represent a potential route of human exposure to OPEs. We recently showed that people with longer commutes are exposed to ... Full text Cite

Legacy of anthropogenic lead in urban soils: Co-occurrence with metal(loids) and fallout radionuclides, isotopic fingerprinting, and in vitro bioaccessibility.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · February 2022 Anthropogenic lead (Pb) in soils poses risks to human health, particularly to the neuropsychological development of exposed children. Delineating the sources and potential bioavailability of soil Pb, as well as its relationship with other contaminants is c ... Full text Open Access Cite

Persistent autism-relevant behavioral phenotype and social neuropeptide alterations in female mice offspring induced by maternal transfer of PBDE congeners in the commercial mixture DE-71.

Journal Article Archives of toxicology · January 2022 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are known neuroendocrine disrupting chemicals with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. PBDEs may act as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), charac ... Full text Cite

Comparative Assessment of Pesticide Exposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive Samplers and Biomonitoring.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2022 Pesticides are used extensively in residential settings for lawn maintenance and in homes to control household pests including application directly on pets to deter fleas and ticks. Pesticides are commonly detected in the home environment where people and ... Full text Cite

Characterization of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances Present in Commercial Anti-fog Products and Their In Vitro Adipogenic Activity.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2022 Anti-fog sprays and solutions are used on eyeglasses to minimize the condensation of water vapor, particularly while wearing a mask. Given their water-repellent properties, we sought to characterize per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) compounds ... Full text Cite

Establishment of baseline cytology metrics in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius): Immunomodulatory effects of the flame retardant isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers.

Journal Article Environment international · December 2021 Avian populations must mount effective immune responses upon exposure to environmental stressors such as avian influenza and xenobiotics. Although multiple immune assays have been tested and applied to various avian species, antibody-mediated immune respon ... Full text Cite

Chemical contaminant exposures assessed using silicone wristbands among occupants in office buildings in the USA, UK, China, and India.

Journal Article Environment international · November 2021 Little is known about chemical contaminant exposures of office workers in buildings globally. Complex mixtures of harmful chemicals accumulate indoors from building materials, building maintenance, personal products, and outdoor pollution. We evaluated exp ... Full text Cite

Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes in commercial mixtures and children's polyester clothing.

Journal Article Environ Pollut · October 15, 2021 Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing class of dyestuffs, yet little is known about dye occurrences, sources, and transformations; azo dyes are also underrepresented in chemical standard catalogs, molecular databases, and mass spectral libraries ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · October 2021 BackgroundTo date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two ... Full text Cite

Reproducibility of adipogenic responses to metabolism disrupting chemicals in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model system: An interlaboratory study.

Journal Article Toxicology · September 2021 The 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocyte line is an established cell culture model for screening Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs). Despite a need to accurately identify MDCs for further evaluation, relatively little research has been performed to comprehensiv ... Full text Cite

Monitoring Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters: Comparing Silicone Wristbands with Spot Urine Samples as Predictors of Internal Dose.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology letters · September 2021 Silicone wristbands present a noninvasive exposure assessment tool and an alternative to traditional biomonitoring; however, questions about their utility remain as validation studies are limited. We sought to determine if wristbands provide quantitative e ... Full text Cite

Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture.

Journal Article Endocrinology · August 2021 Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with social deficits is conspicuously rising, particularly in boys. Flame retardants (FRs) have long been associated with increased risk, and prior work by us and others in multiple species has shown that d ... Full text Cite

Evaluation and Integration of Geochemical Indicators for Detecting Trace Levels of Coal Fly Ash in Soils.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2021 Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), in particular, coal fly ash, are one of the major industrial solid wastes in the U.S., and due to their high concentrations of toxic elements, they could pose environmental and human health risks. Yet detecting coal fly as ... Full text Cite

Characterization of adipogenic, PPARγ, and TRβ activities in house dust extracts and their associations with organic contaminants.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · March 2021 In this study, we sought to expand our previous research on associations between bioactivities in dust and associated organic contaminants. Dust samples were collected from central NC homes (n = 188), solvent extracted, and split into two fractions, one fo ... Full text Cite

Young children's exposure to phenols in the home: Associations between house dust, hand wipes, silicone wristbands, and urinary biomarkers.

Journal Article Environment international · February 2021 BackgroundEnvironmental phenols, such as parabens, bisphenol A, and triclosan, are ubiquitous in indoor environments because of their use in packaging, plastics, personal care products, and as anti-microbials. The primary pathways of exposure, as ... Full text Cite

Reconsidering an Appropriate Urinary Biomarker for Flame Retardant Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TCIPP) Exposure in Children

Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology Letters · January 12, 2021 Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) is frequently applied to consumer products as a flame retardant and is commonly detected in indoor environments. Urinary bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) is typically measured as TCIPP's primary biomarker b ... Full text Cite

Exposures to Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments and Associations with the Gut Microbiomes of Children

Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology Letters · January 12, 2021 Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely detected in many indoor environments due to their frequent use in building materials, textiles, furniture, electronics, and other consumer products. Biomarkers of SVOC exposures have been consistently measu ... Full text Cite

Reproductive outcomes associated with flame retardants among couples seeking fertility treatment: A paternal perspective.

Journal Article Environmental research · January 2021 BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been phased out of production for nearly a decade yet are still frequently detected in serum of U.S. adults. PBDE concentrations have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and labo ... Full text Cite

Thyroid Receptor Antagonism of Chemicals Extracted from Personal Silicone Wristbands within a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Pilot Study.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · December 2020 Research suggests that thyroid cancer incidence rates are increasing, and environmental exposures have been postulated to be playing a role. To explore this possibility, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the thyroid disrupting bioactivity of chemic ... Full text Cite

Perinatal exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM550), brominated or organophosphate flame retardants produces sex and compound specific effects on adult Wistar rat socioemotional behavior.

Journal Article Hormones and behavior · November 2020 Firemaster 550 (FM550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in household items such as foam-based furniture and baby products. Because this mixture readily leaches from products, contamination of the environme ... Full text Cite

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Dust Collected from Residential Homes and Fire Stations in North America.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · November 2020 Over the past few years, human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has garnered increased attention. Research has focused on PFAS exposure via drinking water and diet, and fewer studies have focused on exposure in the indoor environment. ... Full text Cite

Young infants' exposure to organophosphate esters: Breast milk as a potential source of exposure.

Journal Article Environ Int · October 2020 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied as both flame retardants and plasticizers to a variety of consumer items such as home furnishings, construction materials, and children's products. While some assessments have characterized exposure among toddlers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maternal transfer of environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) produces a diabetic phenotype and disrupts glucoregulatory hormones and hepatic endocannabinoids in adult mouse female offspring.

Journal Article Scientific reports · October 2020 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardant chemicals and environmental contaminants with endocrine-disrupting properties that are associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in humans. However, their diabetogenic actions are ... Full text Cite

Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Flame Retardants on Placental Gene Expression and Serotonergic Innervation in the Fetal Rat Brain.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · July 2020 There is a growing need to understand the potential neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers because use and, consequently, human exposure, is rapidly expanding. We have previously shown in rats that developmental exposure ... Full text Cite

In Vitro Metabolism of Isopropylated and tert-Butylated Triarylphosphate Esters Using Human Liver Subcellular Fractions.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · June 2020 Isopropylated and tert-butylated triarylphosphate esters (ITPs and TBPPs, respectively) are plasticizers and flame retardants that are ubiquitous in indoor environments; however, no studies to date have characterized their metabolism. Using human li ... Full text Cite

Comparative Exposure Assessment Using Silicone Passive Samplers Indicates That Domestic Dogs Are Sentinels To Support Human Health Research.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · June 2020 Silicone wristbands are promising passive samplers to support epidemiological studies in characterizing exposure to organic contaminants; however, investigating associated health risks remains challenging because of the latency period for many chronic dise ... Full text Cite

Sex-specific effects of perinatal FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure on socioemotional behavior in prairie voles.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology and teratology · May 2020 The rapidly rising incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders with social deficits is raising concern that developmental exposure to environmental contaminants may be contributory. Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is one of the most prevalent flame-retardant (FR) mi ... Full text Cite

Exploring reproductive associations of serum polybrominated diphenyl ether and hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ether concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Journal Article Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · May 2020 Study questionAre serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) associated with IVF endpoints?Summary answerPositive associations were observed for BDE153 and several ... Full text Cite

Predictors and reproducibility of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and associations with birth outcomes in an urban population.

Journal Article Environmental health : a global access science source · May 2020 BackgroundOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are synthetic chemicals used as flame retardants and plasticizers in a variety of goods. Despite ubiquitous human exposures and laboratory evidence that prenatal OPE exposures may disrupt offspring metabolis ... Full text Cite

Comparing the Use of Silicone Wristbands, Hand Wipes, And Dust to Evaluate Children's Exposure to Flame Retardants and Plasticizers.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · April 2020 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied as additive flame retardants, and along with phthalates, are also used as plasticizers in consumer products. As such, human exposure is common and chronic. Deployed as personal passive samplers, silicone wristbands ... Full text Cite

Sex‐Dependent Metabolic Syndrome Phenotype Produced By Developmental Exposure to Indoor Flame Retardants

Conference The FASEB Journal · April 2020 Chronic low level exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been associated with diabetogenic and obesogenic phenotypes but mechanistic studies are sparse.1–2 In this study ... Full text Cite

Assessing the effectiveness of point-of-use residential drinking water filters for perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass)

Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology Letters · March 10, 2020 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have come under increased scrutiny due to concerns about their potential toxicity and prevalence in the environment, particularly drinking water. PFASs are difficult to remove in full-scale water treatment system ... Full text Cite

Strobilurin fungicides in house dust: is wallboard a source?

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · March 2020 Strobilurin fungicides are used primarily in fruits and vegetables, but recently, a patent was issued for one strobilurin fungicide, azoxystrobin, in mold-resistant wallboard. This raises concerns about the potential presence of these chemicals in house du ... Full text Cite

Longer commutes are associated with increased human exposure to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate.

Journal Article Environment international · March 2020 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and anti-foaming agents. Due to stringent flammability standards in vehicles and the ability of OPEs to migrate out of end-use prod ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of Maternal, Embryo, and Placental Effects in CD-1 Mice following Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX).

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · February 2020 BackgroundPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice and humans, but little is known regarding one of its replacements, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO ... Full text Cite

The association of urinary phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and self-reported personal care and household product use among couples seeking fertility treatment.

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · January 2020 BackgroundPhosphorous-containing flame-retardants (PFRs) are widely detected. They are used both as a flame retardant as well as plasticizer.MethodsA subset of 230 women and 229 men were recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital ferti ... Full text Cite

Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in our changing environment.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · January 2020 Chemicals have improved our quality of life, but the resulting environmental pollution has the potential to cause detrimental effects on humans and the environment. People and biota are chronically exposed to thousands of chemicals from various environment ... Full text Cite

The Placenta: A Mediator of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Following Gestational Exposure to Flame Retardants

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY · January 1, 2020 Link to item Cite

Papillary thyroid cancer clusters in North Carolina 1997-2017

Conference CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH · 2020 Cite

Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Its Replacement GenX Induces Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Disrupts the Placenta

Conference BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH · 2020 Cite

Towards establishing indicative values for metabolites of organophosphate ester contaminants in human urine.

Journal Article Chemosphere · December 2019 In 2015, nine laboratories from Belgium, USA, Canada, China, and Australia participated in an interlaboratory exercise to quantify metabolites of organophosphate ester (OPE) contaminants in pooled human urine. Pooled human urine available as SRM 3673 (Orga ... Full text Cite

Organophosphate Esters: Are These Flame Retardants and Plasticizers Affecting Children's Health?

Journal Article Current environmental health reports · December 2019 Purpose of reviewOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied to a variety of consumer products, primarily as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs can leach out of products over time and are consequently prevalent in the environment and frequently ... Full text Cite

Exposure of Nail Salon Workers to Phthalates, Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate, and Organophosphate Esters: A Pilot Study.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · December 2019 Relatively little is known about the exposure of nail technicians to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in nail salons. We collected preshift and postshift urine samples and silicone wrist bands (SWBs) worn on lapels and wrists from 10 female nail tech ... Full text Cite

Validating Silicone Wristbands to Measure Pesticide Exposures Among Older Adults -- Proof-of-Concept Study

Conference · November 8, 2019 Silicone wristbands have been used to measure exposure to pesticides and other chemicals among children and younger farm workers, but not in older adults. Thus, we aimed to examine exposure to pesticides using silicone wristbands in a small cohort of older ... Full text Link to item Cite

Children's exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in the home: The TESIE study.

Journal Article Environment international · November 2019 BackgroundPhthalates and their potential replacements, including non-phthalate plasticizers, are ubiquitous in home environments due to their presence in building materials, plastics, and personal care products. As a result, exposure to these comp ... Full text Cite

PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation.

Journal Article Endocrinology · November 2019 During pregnancy, the supply of thyroid hormone (TH) to the fetus is critically important for fetal growth, neural development, metabolism, and maintenance of pregnancy. Additionally, in cases where maternal and placental TH regulation is significantly alt ... Full text Cite

Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants: Are They a Regrettable Substitution for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers?

Journal Article Environmental science & technology letters · November 2019 As the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and the entire class of organohalogen flame retardants, is declining, the use of organophosphate esters flame retardants (OPFRs) is increasing. In this paper, we ask whether OPFRs are a better choice th ... Full text Cite

Inhibition of Human Liver Carboxylesterase (hCE1) by Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers: Implications for Pharmacotherapy.

Conference Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · October 2019 Organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers, consumer product additives with widespread human exposure, were evaluated for their effect on the activity of purified human liver carboxylesterase (hCE1). Four of the 15 OPEs tested had IC50 v ... Full text Cite

Assess flame retardants with care-Response.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · September 2019 Full text Cite

Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and behavioral development in young children in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study.

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · July 2019 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly used as plasticizers and flame retardants in consumer products, and exposure is relatively ubiquitous in most populations studied. This may be of concern as some OPEs may be neurotoxic, endocrine-disrupting, and i ... Full text Cite

Intervention to reduce gymnast exposure to flame retardants from pit foam: A case study.

Journal Article Environment international · June 2019 Gymnasts can have high exposures to flame retardants (FRs), which are used in gymnastics safety equipment such as the loose foam pit. Therefore, we aimed to reduce gymnast exposure to FRs by replacing the foam in the pit using foam free of additive FR and ... Full text Cite

Thyroid receptor antagonism as a contributory mechanism for adipogenesis induced by environmental mixtures in 3T3-L1 cells.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · May 2019 We previously demonstrated that indoor house dust extracts could induce adipogenesis in pre-adipocytes, suggesting a potential role for indoor contaminant mixtures in metabolic health. Herein, we investigated the potential role of thyroid receptor beta (TR ... Full text Cite

Diphenyl Phosphate-Induced Toxicity During Embryonic Development.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · April 2019 Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) is an aryl phosphate ester (APE) used as an industrial catalyst and chemical additive and is the primary metabolite of flame retardant APEs, including triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Minimal DPHP-specific toxicity studies have been pu ... Full text Cite

Toward fire safety without chemical risk.

Journal Article Science (New York, N.Y.) · April 2019 Full text Cite

Choice of vehicle affects pyraclostrobin toxicity in mice.

Journal Article Chemosphere · March 2019 Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells. In toxicity studies that were used to estimate the safety factor, pyraclostrobin was added to animal feed or to aqueous vehicles. However, food ... Full text Cite

Acetate promotes microbial reductive debromination of tetrabromobisphenol A during the startup phase of anaerobic wastewater sludge bioreactors.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · March 2019 The detection of increasing concentrations of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in wastewater treatment plants is raising concerns as TBBPA has been identified as a potentially toxic flame retardant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of ... Full text Cite

Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs.

Journal Article Chemosphere · March 2019 BackgroundHumans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to ... Full text Cite

Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and cognitive development in young children in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study.

Journal Article Environmental research · February 2019 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of chemicals commonly used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs are applied to a wide variety of consumer products and have a propensity to leach from these products. Consequently, OPEs are ubiquitous contami ... Full text Cite

Flame retardant exposure assessment: findings from a behavioral intervention study.

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · January 2019 BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been largely replaced by organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (Alt-BFRs) to meet flammability requirements. Humans are ubiquitously exposed to so ... Full text Cite

Tissue-Specific Accumulation of PBDEs in the Placenta and Effects on Thyroid Regulation

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY · January 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat.

Journal Article Frontiers in endocrinology · January 2019 Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environ ... Full text Cite

Metabolites Associated With Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Levels in an Ethnically Diverse Underserved At-Risk Rural Population

Conference CIRCULATION · 2019 Cite

Unconventional oil and gas chemicals and wastewater-impacted water samples promote adipogenesis via PPARγ-dependent and independent mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · November 2018 Unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) operations have contributed to a surge in domestic oil and natural gas production in the United States, combining horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing to unlock previously inaccessible fossil fuel deposits. ... Full text Cite

Organophosphate flame-retardant metabolite concentrations and pregnancy loss among women conceiving with assisted reproductive technology.

Journal Article Fertility and sterility · November 2018 ObjectiveTo evaluate whether urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) metabolites are associated with pregnancy loss among women conceiving with assisted reproductive technology (ART).DesignProspective preconception ... Full text Cite

Perfluorinated Chemicals as Emerging Environmental Threats to Kidney Health: A Scoping Review.

Journal Article Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · October 8, 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of manufactured nonbiodegradable compounds. Despite increasing awareness as global pollutants, the impact of PFAS exposure on human health is not well understood, and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Biomarkers of exposure to SVOCs in children and their demographic associations: The TESIE Study.

Journal Article Environment international · October 2018 Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are used extensively in consumer and personal care products; electronics; furniture; and building materials and are detected in most indoor environments. As a result, human exposure to mixtures of SVOCs is wide-sprea ... Full text Cite

Chemical Mixtures Isolated from House Dust Disrupt Thyroid Receptor β Signaling.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2018 House dust is a source of exposure to chemicals that can impact hormone regulation. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of house dust mixtures ( n = 137) to disrupt thyroid hormone nuclear receptor signaling in a cell-based reporter assay and ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the Use of Silicone Wristbands To Measure Personal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2018 Biomarkers remain the gold standard for assessing chemical exposure. However, silicone wristbands may provide some added benefits for characterizing personal exposures compared to single biomarker measurements, such as decreased costs, noninvasive sampling ... Full text Cite

Impact of Biosolids on Indigenous Soil Denitrifying Bacteria

Journal Article Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States) · September 1, 2018 A major drawback to land application of biosolids is the potential environmental release of nonregulated organic contaminants that accumulate in the biosolids during the wastewater treatment process. In particular, because some of the substances found in b ... Full text Cite

Children's residential exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers: Investigating exposure pathways in the TESIE study.

Journal Article Environment international · July 2018 BackgroundFollowing the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been increasingly used in consumer products and building materials for their flame retardant and plasticizing properties. As a result, ... Full text Cite

Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and associations with birthweight and gestational length.

Journal Article Environment international · July 2018 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are often used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Animal data suggest exposure to OPEs could impact children's growth and development, yet impacts on human birth outcomes are understudied. We evaluate impacts of OPE exposur ... Full text Cite

Low-Dose Levothyroxine Reduces Intrahepatic Lipid Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and NAFLD.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · July 1, 2018 CONTEXT: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thyroid hormone (TH) increases β-oxidation of fatty acids and decreases intrahep ... Full text Link to item Cite

The association between urinary concentrations of phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and semen parameters among men from a fertility clinic.

Journal Article International journal of hygiene and environmental health · June 2018 BackgroundThe use of PFRs has steadily increased as brominated compounds have been or are being phased out. Human exposure is widespread and animal studies have shown adverse impacts on male reproduction, but human data are lacking.Objective Full text Cite

A case-control study of exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and risk of thyroid cancer in women.

Journal Article BMC cancer · June 2018 BackgroundGrowing evidence demonstrates that exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) is widespread and that these chemicals can alter thyroid hormone regulation and function. We investigated the relationship between PFR exposure and th ... Full text Cite

Disruption of Nuclear Receptor Signaling Alters Triphenyl Phosphate-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos

Conference BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH · May 15, 2018 Link to item Cite

The Affinity of Brominated Phenolic Compounds for Human and Zebrafish Thyroid Receptor β: Influence of Chemical Structure.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · May 2018 Brominated phenolic compounds (BPCs) are found in the environment, and in human and wildlife tissues, and some are considered to have endocrine disrupting activities. The goal of this study was to determine how structural differences of 3 BPC classes impac ... Full text Cite

Disruption of Nuclear Receptor Signaling Alters Triphenyl Phosphate-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · May 2018 Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is an unsubstituted aryl phosphate ester used as a flame retardant and plasticizer within the United States. Using zebrafish as a model, the objectives of this study were to rely on (1) mRNA-sequencing to uncover pathways disrupt ... Full text Cite

Disruption of thyroid hormone sulfotransferase activity by brominated flame retardant chemicals in the human choriocarcinoma placenta cell line, BeWo.

Journal Article Chemosphere · April 2018 Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of enzymes that regulate intracellular levels of THs, such as sulfotransferases (SULTs). The placenta plays a c ... Full text Cite

Dermal uptake and percutaneous penetration of organophosphate esters in a human skin ex vivo model.

Journal Article Chemosphere · April 2018 Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants, plasticizers, and as hydraulic fluids. They are present in indoor environments in high concentrations compared with other flame retardants, and human exposure is ubiquitous. In this study we provi ... Full text Cite

Using laboratory-generated biosolids to evaluate the microbial ecotoxicity of triclosan in a simulated land application scenario.

Journal Article Environmental science and pollution research international · April 2018 Land application accounts for approximately 50% of wastewater solids disposal in the USA. Yet, little is known regarding the ecological impacts of many non-regulated chemicals found in biosolids. In most previous studies aimed at assessing ecological impac ... Full text Cite

Exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in spray polyurethane foam applicators: Role of dermal exposure.

Journal Article Environment international · April 2018 BackgroundSpray polyurethane foam (SPF) is a highly effective thermal insulation material that has seen considerable market growth in the past decade. Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are added to SPF formulations to meet fire code requirem ... Full text Cite

Nonionic Ethoxylated Surfactants Induce Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · March 2018 Recent studies have demonstrated that a number of environmental contaminants can act as metabolic disruptors and modulate metabolic function both in vitro and in vivo. 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes are commonly utilized to assess perturbations to adipogenesis ... Full text Cite

Paternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites, fertility measures, and pregnancy outcomes among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Journal Article Environment international · February 2018 BackgroundUse of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) has increased over the past decade following the phase out of some brominated flame retardants, leading to increased human exposure. We recently reported that increasing maternal PFR exposur ... Full text Cite

EDC IMPACT: Molecular effects of developmental FM 550 exposure in Wistar rat placenta and fetal forebrain.

Journal Article Endocrine connections · February 2018 Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in foam-based furniture and baby products. Human exposure to this commercial mixture, composed of brominated and organophosphate components, is wide ... Full text Cite

Biochar and activated carbon act as promising amendments for promoting the microbial debromination of tetrabromobisphenol A.

Journal Article Water research · January 2018 The increasing occurrence of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the environment is raising questions about its potential environmental health impacts as it has been shown to cause various deleterious effects in humans. The fact that the highest concentration ... Full text Cite

The high-production volume fungicide pyraclostrobin induces triglyceride accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes adipocyte differentiation independent of PPARγ activation, in 3T3-L1 cells.

Journal Article Toxicology · January 2018 Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides, and has been detected on a variety of produce, suggesting human exposure occurs regularly. Recently, pyraclostrobin exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including neurodegenerati ... Full text Cite

Inhibition of Carboxylesterase Enzymes by Isopropylated Triarylphosphate Ester Flame Retardants: Implications for Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Disease

Conference INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY · January 1, 2018 Link to item Cite

Current-use flame retardants: Maternal exposure and neurodevelopment in children of the CHAMACOS cohort.

Journal Article Chemosphere · December 2017 Flame retardants are commonly used in consumer products found in U.S. households. Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants have resulted in increased use of replacement chemicals, including Firemaster 550® (FM 55 ... Full text Cite

Characterization of Individual Isopropylated and tert-Butylated Triarylphosphate (ITP and TBPP) Isomers in Several Commercial Flame Retardant Mixtures and House Dust Standard Reference Material SRM 2585.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · November 2017 Since the phase-out of pentaBDE in the early 2000s, replacement flame-retardant mixtures including Firemaster 550 (FM 550), Firemaster 600 (FM 600), and organophosphate aryl ester technical mixtures have been increasingly used to treat polyurethane foam in ... Full text Cite

Erratum: "Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardant Metabolites and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization".

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · November 2017 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1289/EHP1021.]. ... Full text Cite

Serum perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and associations with behavioral attributes.

Journal Article Chemosphere · October 2017 The ubiquitous use of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a variety of industrial and consumer products has resulted in chronic exposure in most industrialized nations, and led to measurable concentrations in blood and other tissues in humans ac ... Full text Cite

Associations between flame retardant applications in furniture foam, house dust levels, and residents' serum levels.

Journal Article Environment international · October 2017 Polyurethane foam (PUF) in upholstered furniture frequently is treated with flame retardant chemicals (FRs) to reduce its flammability and adhere to rigorous flammability standards. For decades, a commercial mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs ... Full text Cite

Exposure to flame retardant chemicals and occurrence and severity of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study.

Journal Article Environment international · October 2017 BackgroundThyroid cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in the U.S., and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for >80% of incident cases. Increasing exposure to flame retardant chemicals (FRs) has raised concerns about their possible role in ... Full text Open Access Cite

Demographic and dietary risk factors in relation to urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants in toddlers.

Journal Article Chemosphere · October 2017 Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), including Tris (1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (ITP), are increasingly used in consumer products because of the recent phase out of polyb ... Full text Cite

Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants target different neurodevelopmental stages, characterized with embryonic neural stem cells and neuronotypic PC12 cells.

Journal Article Toxicology · September 1, 2017 In addition to their activity as endocrine disruptors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants are suspected to be developmental neurotoxicants, although identifying their specific mechanisms for that activity has been elusive. In the current study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of storage vial material on measurement of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites in urine.

Journal Article Chemosphere · August 2017 Use of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) has increased over the past decade with the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Urinary metabolites of PFRs are used as biomarkers of exposure in epidemiologic research, which typically uses samples c ... Full text Cite

Characterization of Adipogenic Activity of House Dust Extracts and Semi-Volatile Indoor Contaminants in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2017 Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate significant human health care costs. Recently, attention has focused on the potential for environmental contaminants to act as metabolic disruptors. This study sought to evaluate th ... Full text Cite

Closing the Mass Balance on Fluorine on Papers and Textiles.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2017 Papers and textiles that are treated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are sources of human and environmental exposure. Data for individual PFASs, such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), are not placed into the ... Full text Cite

Sex Specific Placental Accumulation and Behavioral Effects of Developmental Firemaster 550 Exposure in Wistar Rats.

Journal Article Scientific reports · August 2017 Firemaster® 550 (FM 550) is a commercial flame retardant mixture of brominated and organophosphate compounds applied to polyurethane foam used in furniture and baby products. Due to widespread human exposure, and structural similarities with known endocrin ... Full text Open Access Cite

Estimated tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure levels for US infants suggest potential health risks.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology letters · August 2017 Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) has been widely used as a flame retardant and is commonly detected in environmental samples. Biomonitoring studies relying on urinary metabolite levels (i.e. bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP)) demo ... Full text Cite

Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardant Metabolites and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · August 2017 BackgroundEvidence from animal studies suggests that exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) can disrupt endocrine function and impair embryo development. However, no epidemiologic studies have been conducted to evaluate effects on fer ... Full text Cite

Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort).

Journal Article Chemosphere · July 2017 Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), used in consumer products since the 1970s, persist in the environment. Restrictions on penta-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants resulted in increased use of Firemaster® 550 (FM® Full text Cite

Impacts of Unregulated Novel Brominated Flame Retardants on Human Liver Thyroid Deiodination and Sulfotransferation.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · June 2017 The inhibitory effects of five novel brominated flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,5-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), and β-tetrab ... Full text Cite

Associations between urinary diphenyl phosphate and thyroid function.

Journal Article Environment international · April 2017 Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a commonly used organophosphate flame retardant and plasticizer with widespread human exposure. Data on health effects of TPHP are limited. Recent toxicological studies suggest TPHP may alter thyroid function. We used repeated ... Full text Cite

Temporal Trends in Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the United States.

Journal Article Environ Sci Technol Lett · March 14, 2017 During the past decade, use of organophosphate compounds as flame retardants and plasticizers has increased. Numerous studies investigating biomarkers (i.e., urinary metabolites) demonstrate ubiquitous human exposure and suggest that human exposure may be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toddler's behavior and its impacts on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · March 2017 Children have higher polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burdens than adults, which may be related to hand-to-mouth behavior. We investigate associations between children's behavior, including hand-to-mouth contacts, and markers of PBDE exposure. In ... Full text Cite

Comment on "Mutagenic Azo Dyes, Rather Than Flame Retardants, Are the Predominant Brominated Compounds in House Dust".

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · March 2017 Full text Cite

Prevalence of historical and replacement brominated flame retardant chemicals in New York City homes.

Journal Article Emerging contaminants · March 2017 BackgroundUntil their phase-out between 2005 and 2013, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were added to household products including furniture, rugs, and electronics to meet flammability standards. Replacement brominated flame retardant (BFR) ... Full text Cite

Characterization of Adipogenic Chemicals in Three Different Cell Culture Systems: Implications for Reproducibility Based on Cell Source and Handling.

Journal Article Scientific reports · February 2017 The potential for chemical exposures to exacerbate the development and/or prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, is currently of great societal concern. Various in vitro assays are available to assess adipocyte differentiation, though little w ... Full text Cite

Biogas Stoves Reduce Firewood Use, Household Air Pollution, and Hospital Visits in Odisha, India.

Journal Article Environ Sci Technol · January 3, 2017 Traditional cooking using biomass is associated with ill health, local environmental degradation, and regional climate change. Clean stoves (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, and electric) are heralded as a solution, but few studies have demonstrated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exposure to a PBDE/OH-BDE mixture alters juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) development.

Journal Article Environ Toxicol Chem · January 2017 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (e.g., hydroxylated BDEs [OH-BDEs]) are contaminants frequently detected together in human tissues and are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones partially mediate metamorphic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Do flame retardant chemicals increase the risk for thyroid dysregulation and cancer?

Journal Article Current opinion in oncology · January 2017 Purpose of reviewFlame retardant chemicals are added to consumer products to reduce fire incidence and severity; approximately 1.5 million tons of these chemicals are used annually. However, their widespread use has led to their ubiquitous presenc ... Full text Cite

Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.

Journal Article Environment international · January 2017 BackgroundOrganophosphate compounds are commonly used in residential furniture, electronics, and baby products as flame retardants and are also used in other consumer products as plasticizers. Although the levels of exposure biomarkers are general ... Full text Cite

Human exposure to flame-retardants is associated with aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted genes in sperm.

Journal Article Environ Epigenet · January 2017 Emerging evidence suggests that early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has long-term consequences that can influence disease risk in offspring. During gametogenesis, imprinted genes are reasonable epigenetic targets with the ability to retain and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brominated flame retardants in placental tissues: associations with infant sex and thyroid hormone endpoints.

Journal Article Environmental health : a global access science source · November 2016 BackgroundBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are endocrine disruptors that bioaccumulate in the placenta, but it remains unclear if they disrupt tissue thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism. Our primary goal was to investigate associations between place ... Full text Cite

Editor's Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · October 2016 UnlabelledFiremaster® 550 (FM 550) is a commercial mixture of organophosphate and brominated flame retardants currently in use as a replacement for pentaBDE. Its organophosphate components include triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and a suite of isopropy ... Full text Cite

Results from Screening Polyurethane Foam Based Consumer Products for Flame Retardant Chemicals: Assessing Impacts on the Change in the Furniture Flammability Standards.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2016 Flame retardant (FR) chemicals have often been added to polyurethane foam to meet required state and federal flammability standards. However, some FRs (e.g., PBDEs and TDCIPP) are associated with health hazards and are now restricted from use in some regio ... Full text Open Access Cite

Regional comparison of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) urinary metabolites and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in mother-toddler pairs from California and New Jersey.

Journal Article Environment international · September 2016 The use of alternative chemical flame retardants in consumer products is increasing as the result of the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Today, the most commonly detected alternatives in residential furniture include the organophosphate flame ... Full text Cite

Urinary biomarkers of flame retardant exposure among collegiate U.S. gymnasts.

Journal Article Environment international · September 2016 Flame retardants are widely used in polyurethane foam materials including gymnastics safety equipment such as pit cubes and landing mats. We previously reported elevated concentrations of flame retardants in the air and dust of a U.S. gymnastics training f ... Full text Cite

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate Induces Genome-Wide Hypomethylation within Early Zebrafish Embryos.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2016 Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) is a high-production volume organophosphate-based plasticizer and flame retardant widely used within the United States. Using zebrafish as a model, the objectives of this study were to determine whether (1) TDC ... Full text Cite

Correction to Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2016 Full text Cite

Characterizing Flame Retardant Applications and Potential Human Exposure in Backpacking Tents.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2016 Flame retardant (FR) chemicals are applied to products to meet flammability standards; however, exposure to some additive FRs has been shown to be associated with adverse health effects. Previous research on FR exposure has primarily focused on chemicals a ... Full text Cite

Development of an analytical method to quantify PBDEs, OH-BDEs, HBCDs, 2,4,6-TBP, EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · April 2016 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) flame retardants (FRs) were phased-out in the mid-2000s (penta- and octaBDE) and 2013 (decaBDE); however, their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-BDEs) are still commonly detected in human serum. Today, novel FRs such as F ... Full text Cite

Determination of glucuronide conjugates of hydroxyl triphenyl phosphate (OH-TPHP) metabolites in human urine and its use as a biomarker of TPHP exposure.

Journal Article Chemosphere · April 2016 In vitro studies using avian hepatocytes or human liver microsomes suggest that hydroxylation is an important pathway in the metabolism of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), a chemical used as a flame retardant and plasticizer. TPHP metabolism can lead to the for ... Full text Cite

Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · April 2016 Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effe ... Full text Cite

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol in human placental tissues.

Journal Article Environment international · March 2016 Legacy environmental contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in human tissues. However, few studies have measured PBDEs in placental tissues, and there are no reported measurements of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) ... Full text Cite

Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate.

Journal Article Environment international · January 2016 Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is primarily used as either a flame retardant or plasticizer, and is listed as an ingredient in nail polishes. However, the concentration of TPHP in nail polish and the extent of human exposure following applications have not bee ... Full text Cite

A New Perspective on Sustainable Soil Remediation-Case Study Suggests Novel Fungal Genera Could Facilitate in situ Biodegradation of Hazardous Contaminants.

Journal Article Remediation (New York, N.Y.) · January 2016 Deciding upon a cost effective and sustainable method to address soil pollution is a challenge for many remedial project managers. High pressure to quickly achieve cleanup goals pushes for energy-intensive remedies that rapidly address the contaminants of ... Full text Cite

Characterization and Adaptation of Anaerobic Sludge Microbial Communities Exposed to Tetrabromobisphenol A.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2016 The increasing occurrence of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the environment is raising questions about its potential ecological and human health impacts. TBBPA is microbially transformed under anaerobic conditions to bisphenol A (BPA). However, little is ... Full text Cite

High Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Infants: Associations with Baby Products.

Journal Article Environ Sci Technol · December 15, 2015 Infant products containing polyurethane foam are commonly treated with organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Infants may have greater exposure due to greater contact ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations of birth outcomes with maternal polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid hormones during pregnancy.

Journal Article Environment international · December 2015 BackgroundPrevious research has linked polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure to poor birth outcomes and altered thyroid hormone levels.ObjectivesWe examined whether maternal PBDE serum levels were associated with infant birth weig ... Full text Cite

Developmental toxicity of the PBDE metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47 in zebrafish and the potential role of thyroid receptor β.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · November 2015 6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE-47) is both a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant metabolite and a marine natural product. It has been identified both as a neurotoxicant in cell-based studies and as a developmental t ... Full text Cite

Detection of halogenated flame retardants in polyurethane foam by particle induced X-ray emission

Journal Article Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · September 1, 2015 A novel application of particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been developed to detect the presence of chlorinated and brominated flame retardant chemicals in polyurethane foams. Traditional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the ... Full text Cite

Effect-Directed Analysis of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Nuclear Receptors (PPARγ1) Ligands in Indoor Dust.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2015 Agonism of human peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ1) was recently observed in 15 of 25 samples of indoor dust extracts at environmentally relevant exposure levels. In this study, an effect-directed analysis approach was used t ... Full text Cite

Activation of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Nuclear Receptors (PPARγ1) by Semi-Volatile Compounds (SVOCs) and Chemical Mixtures in Indoor Dust.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2015 Recently, we reported that several semi-volatile compounds (SVOCs) were competitive ligands for human peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ1). We also observed significant binding from chemicals extracted from house dust at a conc ... Full text Cite

Gene transcription, metabolite and lipid profiling in eco-indicator daphnia magna indicate diverse mechanisms of toxicity by legacy and emerging flame-retardants.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · June 2015 The use of chemical flame-retardants (FR) in consumer products has steadily increased over the last 30 years. Toxicity data exist for legacy FRs such as pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE), but less is known about effects of new formulations. To address th ... Full text Cite

Disruption of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in cultured human glial cells by polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · June 2015 Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are endocrine disruptors and suspected neurodevelopmental toxicants. While the direct mechanisms of neurodevelopmental toxicity have not been fully elucidated, it is conceivable that alterations in thyr ... Full text Cite

Fate of flame retardants and the antimicrobial agent triclosan in planted and unplanted biosolid-amended soils.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · May 2015 A comprehensive understanding of the fate of contaminant-laden biosolids is needed to fully evaluate the environmental impacts of biosolid land application. The present study examined the fate of several flame retardants and triclosan in biosolid-amended s ... Full text Cite

Halogenated organophosphate flame retardants: Developmental neurotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action

Conference Neurotoxicology and Teratology · May 2015 Full text Cite

In vitro metabolism of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in chicken embryonic hepatocytes and the importance of the hydroxylation pathway

Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology Letters · April 14, 2015 We report for the first time either in vitro or in vivo the phase I hydroxylation and phase II conjugation metabolic pathways of an organophosphate flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), in addition to diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) metabolite formation. ... Full text Cite

Triphenyl phosphate-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish: potential role of the retinoic acid receptor.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · April 2015 Using zebrafish as a model, we previously reported that developmental exposure to triphenyl phosphate (TPP) - a high-production volume organophosphate-based flame retardant - results in dioxin-like cardiac looping impairments that are independent of the ar ... Full text Cite

Inhibition of thyroid hormone sulfotransferase activity by brominated flame retardants in a human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · March 22, 2015 Link to item Cite

Characterizing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) ligand binding potential of several major flame retardants, their metabolites, and chemical mixtures in house dust.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · February 2015 BackgroundAccumulating evidence has shown that some environmental contaminants can alter adipogenesis and act as obesogens. Many of these contaminants act via the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) nuclear recep ... Full text Cite

Monitoring indoor exposure to organophosphate flame retardants: hand wipes and house dust.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · February 2015 BackgroundOrganophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are becoming popular replacements for the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures, and they are now commonly detected in indoor environments. However, little is known about human e ... Full text Cite

Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Journal Article Aquaculture · January 1, 2015 Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have recently emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional net pen or flow-through aquaculture. These systems reduce the environmental impact of fish production by treating and recycling culture water, and cou ... Full text Cite

Characterizing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) ligand binding potential of several major flame retardants, their metabolites, and chemical mixtures in house dust

Journal Article Environmental Health Perspectives · January 1, 2015 Background: Accumulating evidence has shown that some environmental contaminants can alter adipogenesis and act as obesogens. Many of these contaminants act via the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) nuclear receptor. oB ... Full text Cite

Persisting effects of a PBDE metabolite, 6-OH-BDE-47, on larval and juvenile zebrafish swimming behavior.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that are widely detected in the environment, biota, and humans. In mammals, PBDEs can be oxidatively metabolized to form hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs). While s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polybrominated diphenyl ether congener, BDE-47, impairs insulin sensitivity in mice with liver-specific Pten deficiency.

Journal Article BMC obesity · January 2015 BackgroundThe potential health effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that are widely used as flame-retardants in consumer products have been attributed, in part, to their endocrine disrupting properties. The purpose of this study is to ... Full text Cite

Flame retardant associations between children's handwipes and house dust.

Journal Article Chemosphere · December 2014 Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), flame retardants (FRs) have been ubiquitously detected at high concentrations in indoor environments; however, with their recent phase-out, more attention is being focused on measurements of exposure to alternative FRs ... Full text Cite

Effect-directed analysis of Elizabeth River porewater: developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · December 2014 In the present study, effect-directed analysis was used to identify teratogenic compounds in porewater collected from a Superfund site along the Elizabeth River estuary (VA, USA). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the porewater displayed acute development ... Full text Cite

Developmental exposure to organophosphate flame retardants elicits overt toxicity and alters behavior in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · December 2014 Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are common replacements for the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and have been detected at high concentrations in environmental samples. OPFRs are structurally similar to organophosphate pesticides ... Full text Cite

Exposures, mechanisms, and impacts of endocrine-active flame retardants.

Journal Article Current opinion in pharmacology · December 2014 This review summarizes the endocrine and neurodevelopmental effects of two current-use additive flame retardants (FRs), tris (1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and Firemaster(®) 550 (FM 550), and the recently phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethe ... Full text Cite

Ligand binding and activation of PPARγ by Firemaster® 550: effects on adipogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · November 2014 BackgroundThe use of alternative flame retardants has increased since the phase out of pentabromodiphenyl ethers (pentaBDEs). One alternative, Firemaster® 550 (FM550), induces obesity in rats. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a component of FM550, has a ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the bioaccessibility of flame retardants in house dust using an in vitro Tenax bead-assisted sorptive physiologically based method.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · November 2014 Exposure to house dust is a significant source of exposure to flame retardant chemicals (FRs), particularly in the US. Given the high exposure there is a need to understand the bioaccessibility of FRs from dust. In this study, Tenax beads (TA) encapsulated ... Full text Cite

Response to comment on "Determining the ecological impacts of organic contaminants in biosolids using a high-throughput colorimetric denitrification assay: a case study with antimicrobial agents".

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2014 Full text Cite

Urinary tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) as a biomarker of exposure to the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · September 2014 BackgroundFiremaster® 550 (FM550) is commonly added to residential furniture to reduce its flammability. Recent toxicological evidence suggests that FM550 may be endocrine disrupting and obesogenic.ObjectivesOur objectives were to develop ... Full text Cite

Metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants and 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate in urine from paired mothers and toddlers.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2014 As a result of the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) ban in the mid-2000s, the chemical flame retardant market has moved toward alterative compounds including chlorinated alkyl and nonchlorinated aryl organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) as well as ... Full text Cite

A rapid cytoplasmic mechanism for PI3 kinase regulation by the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, TRβ, and genetic evidence for its role in the maturation of mouse hippocampal synapses in vivo.

Journal Article Endocrinology · September 2014 Several rapid physiological effects of thyroid hormone on mammalian cells in vitro have been shown to be mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), but the molecular mechanism of PI3K regulation by nuclear zinc finger receptor proteins for thyro ... Full text Cite

In vitro assessment of human nuclear hormone receptor activity and cytotoxicity of the flame retardant mixture FM 550 and its triarylphosphate and brominated components.

Journal Article Toxicology letters · July 2014 Firemaster(®) 550 (FM 550) is a mixture of brominated and triarylphosphate flame retardants used in polyurethane foam-based products. The primary components are also used in numerous other applications and are thus common household and industrial contamina ... Full text Cite

Activation of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR gamma) by House Dust Extracts

Journal Article BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY · May 1, 2014 Link to item Cite

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants and their variability in pregnant women.

Journal Article Environment international · February 2014 Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are commonly added to consumer products to reduce their flammability. Based on levels of OPFRs in indoor environments, human exposure is likely chronic and ubiquitous. Animal studies suggest that exposure to some OP ... Full text Cite

Flame Retardant Applications in Camping Tents and Potential Exposure.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology letters · February 2014 Concern has mounted over health effects caused by exposure to flame retardant additives used in consumer products. Significant research efforts have focused particularly on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used in furniture and electronic ... Full text Cite

Tissue distribution and thyroid hormone effects on mRNA abundance for membrane transporters Mct8, Mct10, and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (Oatps) in a teleost fish.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology · January 2014 Many of the actions of thyroid hormones (THs) occur via TH binding to intracellular receptors. Although it was long thought that THs diffused passively across plasma membranes, it is now recognized that cellular entry is mediated by a variety of membrane t ... Full text Cite

Rapid method for the measurement of circulating thyroid hormones in low volumes of teleost fish plasma by LC-ESI/MS/MS.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · January 2014 Thyroid hormones are critical regulators of normal development and physiological functioning in all vertebrates. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) approaches have been the method of choice for measuring circulating levels of thyroid hormones in vertebrates. While sen ... Full text Cite

Determining the ecological impacts of organic contaminants in biosolids using a high-throughput colorimetric denitrification assay: a case study with antimicrobial agents.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2014 Land application accounts for ∼ 50% of wastewater solid disposal in the United States. Still, little is known regarding the ecological impacts of nonregulated contaminants found in biosolids. Because of the myriad of contaminants, there is a need for a rap ... Full text Cite

The PBDE metabolite 6-OH-BDE 47 affects melanin pigmentation and THRβ MRNA expression in the eye of zebrafish embryos.

Journal Article Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.) · January 2014 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their hydroxyl-metabolites (OH-BDEs) are commonly detected contaminants in human serum in the US population. They are also considered to be endocrine disruptors, and are specifically known to affect thyroid hormone regula ... Full text Cite

PBDE flame retardants: Toxicokinetics and thyroid hormone endocrine disruption in fish

Journal Article Endocrine Disruptors · January 1, 2014 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardant chemicals that have been used in large quantities and are now detected worldwide in humans and wildlife. To complement reviews of effects on human health, this review discusse ... Full text Cite

Prenatal dexamethasone augments the neurobehavioral teratology of chlorpyrifos: significance for maternal stress and preterm labor.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2014 Glucocorticoids are the consensus treatment given in preterm labor and are also elevated by maternal stress; organophosphate exposures are virtually ubiquitous, so human developmental coexposures to these two agents are common. This study explores how pren ... Full text Link to item Cite

Flame retardant exposure among collegiate United States gymnasts.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · December 2013 Gymnastics training facilities contain large volumes of polyurethane foam, a material that often contains additive flame retardants such as PentaBDE. While investigations of human exposure to flame retardants have focused on the general population, potenti ... Full text Cite

Inhibition of thyroid hormone sulfotransferase activity by brominated flame retardants and halogenated phenolics.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · November 2013 Many halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) are considered endocrine disruptors and affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, often by interfering with circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs). We investigated one potential mechanism for TH disr ... Full text Cite

Exploratory analysis of urinary metabolites of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in relation to markers of male reproductive health.

Journal Article Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.) · October 2013 The use of phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) has increased over the past decade. Widespread human exposure has been reported, but information on the safety or potential health risks of PFRs is lacking. We assessed the relationship between urina ... Full text Cite

Does thyroid disruption contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos?

Journal Article Environ Toxicol Pharmacol · September 2013 Although organophosphate pesticides are not usually characterized as "endocrine disruptors," recent work points to potential, long-term reductions of circulating thyroid hormones after developmental exposures to chlorpyrifos that are devoid of observable t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between PBDEs in office air, dust, and surface wipes.

Journal Article Environment international · September 2013 Increased use of flame-retardants in office furniture may increase exposure to PBDEs in the office environment. However, partitioning of PBDEs within the office environment is not well understood. Our objectives were to examine relationships between concur ... Full text Cite

Low level exposure to the flame retardant BDE-209 reduces thyroid hormone levels and disrupts thyroid signaling in fathead minnows.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2013 Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone regulation, neurodevelopment, and reproduction in some animals. However, effects of the most heavily used PBDE, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), on thyroid f ... Full text Cite

Compound- and mixture-specific differences in resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 among Fundulus heteroclitus subpopulations throughout the Elizabeth River estuary (Virginia, USA).

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2013 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund Site (Elizabeth River, Portsmouth, VA, USA) are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ... Full text Cite

Science In TSCA Reform

Journal Article CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS · August 12, 2013 Link to item Cite

Science should guide TSCA reform.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2013 Full text Cite

Behavioral effects of short-term exposure to Firemaster 550

Conference Neurotoxicology and Teratology · May 2013 Full text Cite

Using whole mount in situ hybridization to examine thyroid hormone deiodinase expression in embryonic and larval zebrafish: a tool for examining OH-BDE toxicity to early life stages.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · May 2013 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their oxidative metabolites (hydroxylated PBDEs; OH-BDEs) are known endocrine disrupting contaminants that have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone regulation both in mammals and in fish. The purpose of this stu ... Full text Cite

Investigating a novel flame retardant known as V6: measurements in baby products, house dust, and car dust.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2013 With the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, the use of new and alternate flame retardants has been increasing. 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyltetrakis(2-chloroethyl) bisphosphate, known as V6, is a flame retardant app ... Full text Cite

Predictors of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate metabolite in the urine of office workers.

Journal Article Environment international · May 2013 Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is a flame retardant widely used in furniture containing polyurethane foam. It is a carcinogen, endocrine disruptor, and potentially neurotoxic. Our objectives were to characterize exposure of adult office work ... Full text Cite

Aryl phosphate esters within a major PentaBDE replacement product induce cardiotoxicity in developing zebrafish embryos: potential role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · May 2013 Firemaster 550 (FM550) is an additive flame retardant formulation of brominated and aryl phosphate ester (APE) components introduced as a major replacement product for the commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture (known as PentaBDE) used primarily ... Full text Cite

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants: temporal variability and correlations with house dust concentrations.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · May 2013 BackgroundA reduction in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) because of human health concerns may result in an increased use of and human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Human exposure and health studies of OPFR ... Full text Cite

Human exposure assessment of indoor dust: Webster and Stapleton respond.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · April 1, 2013 Cite

The Organic Anion Transporting Protein (OATP) Family in a Teleost Fish Model

Conference INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY · April 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Human exposure assessment of indoor dust: Webster and Stapleton respond.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · April 2013 Full text Cite

Accumulation and endocrine disrupting effects of the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550 in rats: an exploratory assessment.

Journal Article Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · February 2013 Firemaster® 550 (FM 550), a fire-retardant mixture used in foam-based products, was recently identified as a common contaminant in household dust. The chemical structures of its principle components suggest they have endocrine disrupting activity, but noth ... Full text Cite

Exposure to flame retardant chemicals on commercial airplanes.

Journal Article Environmental health : a global access science source · February 2013 BackgroundFlame retardant chemicals are used in materials on airplanes to slow the propagation of fire. These chemicals migrate from their source products and can be found in the dust of airplanes, creating the potential for exposure.Methods Full text Cite

Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Indoor Environment

Journal Article Fire Technology · 2013 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are fire retardants used in consumer products such as foam-containing furniture and electronics. This paper reviews human exposure to PBDEs in North America, applying the source to exposure paradigm, and arrives to th ... Full text Cite

OBSERVATIONS ON FLAME RETARDANTS ARTICLES

Journal Article CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS · December 17, 2012 Link to item Cite

Rodent thyroid, liver, and fetal testis toxicity of the monoester metabolite of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (tbph), a novel brominated flame retardant present in indoor dust.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · December 2012 BackgroundBis-(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) is widely used as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in commercial flame retardant mixtures such as Firemaster 550. It is also used in a commercial mixture called DP 45. ... Full text Cite

Novel and high volume use flame retardants in US couches reflective of the 2005 PentaBDE phase out.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · December 2012 California's furniture flammability standard Technical Bulletin 117 (TB 117) is believed to be a major driver of chemical flame retardant (FR) use in residential furniture in the United States. With the phase-out of the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) ... Full text Cite

Species specific differences in the in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant mixture, Firemaster® BZ-54.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · November 2012 Firemaster(®) BZ-54 is a flame retardant additive and consists of a brominated benzoate (2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate; TBB) and a brominated phthalate (bis (2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate; TBPH). Previous research has shown that fathe ... Full text Cite

Early zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to developmental TDCPP exposure.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · November 2012 BackgroundChlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are widely used as additive flame retardants for low-density polyurethane foams and have frequently been detected at elevated concentrations within indoor environmental media.ObjectivesTo begi ... Full text Cite

Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in San Francisco Bay sediments and wildlife.

Journal Article Environment international · October 2012 Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the use of alternative flame retardants in consumer products to comply with flammability standards. In contrast to PBDEs, information on the occurrence and fate of these alt ... Full text Cite

Trophic transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a tidal freshwater marsh

Journal Article Chemistry and Ecology · August 1, 2012 The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) at Tinicum Marsh contains one of the last remaining tidal freshwater marsh communities along the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River Estuary. The marsh receives a significant load of nutrients and sediment- ... Full text Cite

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in offices

Journal Article ENVIRONNEMENT RISQUES & SANTE · July 1, 2012 Link to item Cite

In vitro metabolism of the brominated flame retardants 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in human and rat tissues.

Journal Article Chemical research in toxicology · July 2012 Due to the phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, new chemicals, such as 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), have been used as replacements in some commercial f ... Full text Cite

Serum PBDEs in a North Carolina toddler cohort: associations with handwipes, house dust, and socioeconomic variables.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · July 2012 BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.ObjectivesWe used handwipes to estimate exposure to PBDEs in house dust among toddlers and examined sex, age, breast-feed ... Full text Cite

Measurement of flame retardants and triclosan in municipal sewage sludge and biosolids.

Journal Article Environment international · April 2012 As polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) face increasing restrictions worldwide, several alternate flame retardants are expected to see increased use as replacement compounds in consumer products. Chemical analysis of biosolids collected from wastewater t ... Full text Cite

Flame Retardants: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and their Replacements

Journal Article · March 30, 2012 Full text Cite

BDE 49 and developmental toxicity in zebrafish.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · March 2012 The polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants. Human health concerns of these agents have largely centered upon their potential to elicit reproductive and developmental effects. Of the various congeners, BDE 49 (2,2' ... Full text Cite

Impact of dust from multiple microenvironments and diet on PentaBDE body burden.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2012 Our objectives were to determine relative contributions of diet and dust exposure from multiple microenvironments to PentaBDE body burden, and to explore the role of handwipes as a measure of personal exposure to PentaBDE. We administered a food frequency ... Full text Cite

Polyfluorinated compounds in serum linked to indoor air in office environments.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2012 We aimed to investigate the role of indoor office air on exposure to polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) among office workers. Week-long, active air sampling was conducted during the winter of 2009 in 31 offices in Boston, MA. Air samples were analyzed for fl ... Full text Cite

Early Zebrafish Embryogenesis Is Susceptible to Developmental TDCPP Exposure

Journal Article Environmental Health Perspectives · 2012 Cite

Associations between serum levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) flame retardants and environmental and behavioral factors in pregnant women.

Journal Article Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology · 2012 Link to item Cite

Associations between brominated flame retardants in house dust and hormone levels in men.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · 2012 Cite

Halogenated phenolic contaminants inhibit the in vitro activity of the thyroid-regulating deiodinases in human liver.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · December 2011 Halogenated contaminants, particularly brominated flame retardants, disrupt circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs), potentially affecting growth and development. Disruption may be mediated by impacts on deiodinase (DI) activity, which regulate the le ... Full text Cite

Is the PentaBDE replacement, tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), a developmental neurotoxicant? Studies in PC12 cells.

Journal Article Toxicol Appl Pharmacol · November 1, 2011 Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used as replacements for the commercial PentaBDE mixture that was phased out in 2004. OPFRs are ubiquitous in the environment and detected at high concentrations in residential dust, suggesting widespread human ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genotoxicity in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a PAH-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River, Virginia.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · November 2011 The Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site (AWI) on the Elizabeth River in Portsmouth, VA is heavily contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a wood treatment facility. Atlantic killifish, or mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), at thi ... Full text Cite

Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · October 2011 Organophosphate triesters tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate are widely used flame retardants (FRs) present in many products common to human environments, yet understanding of human exposure and health effects of these co ... Full text Cite

Exposure to PBDEs in the office environment: evaluating the relationships between dust, handwipes, and serum.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · September 2011 BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in consumer products and are ubiquitous in residential indoor air and dust. However, little is known about exposure in the office environment.Objectives ... Full text Cite

Accumulation and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) induces thyroid disruption and liver alterations.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · August 2011 Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are known to affect thyroid hormone (TH) regulation. The TH-regulating deiodinases have been implicated in these impacts; however, PBDE effects on the fish thyroid system are largely unknown. Moreover, ... Full text Cite

Identification of flame retardants in polyurethane foam collected from baby products.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · June 2011 With the phase-out of PentaBDE in 2004, alternative flame retardants are being used in polyurethane foam to meet flammability standards. However, insufficient information is available on the identity of the flame retardants currently in use. Baby products ... Full text Cite

Species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of PBDE congeners in three fish species.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · March 2011 Previous studies have suggested that there may be species-specific differences in the metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) among different fish species. In this study, we investigated the in vitro hepatic metabolism of eleven individual PBD ... Full text Cite

Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor Environments

Conference Epidemiology · January 2011 Full text Cite

Biotransformation of HBCD in biological systems can confound temporal-trend studies.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2011 Full text Cite

Associations between Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants, Phenolic Metabolites, and Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy

Journal Article Environmental Health Perspectives · 2011 Cite

Serum PBDEs in US Toddlers: Associations with Hand Wipes, House Dust and Socioeconomic Variables

Journal Article Environmental Health Perspectives · 2011 Cite

Ultraviolet treatment and biodegradation of dibenzothiophene: Identification and toxicity of products.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · November 2010 Biodegradation of pollutants often results in incomplete mineralization and formation of degradation products with unknown chemical and toxicological characteristics. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, a common technology used in water and wastewater treatment, ... Full text Cite

Evaluating daily exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish oil supplements.

Journal Article Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment · August 2010 Fish oil supplements have become a popular means of increasing one's dietary intake of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, there is growing concern that the levels and potential health effects of lipophilic organic contaminants such as polychlo ... Full text Cite

Analysis of thyroid hormones in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · July 2010 Thyroid hormones are essential hormones for regulating growth and development in humans and wildlife. Methods to monitor precise and low levels of these hormones in serum and tissues are needed to assess overall health, whether from disease considerations ... Full text Cite

Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in house dust and serum.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · July 2010 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been measured in the home environment and in humans, but studies linking environmental levels to body burdens are limited. This study examines the relationship between PBDE concentrations in house dust and serum ... Full text Open Access Cite

PBDEs, methoxylated PBDEs and HBCDs in Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) from Korean offshore waters.

Journal Article Marine pollution bulletin · June 2010 Little information is available on the levels of brominated compounds found in biota from the Korean Peninsula. In this study, Japanese common squids (Todarodes pacificus) were analyzed for 38 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, two methoxylated polybrominated ... Full text Cite

Characterizing the in vitro hepatic biotransformation of the flame retardant BDE 99 by common carp.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · April 2010 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardant chemicals known to biomagnify in aquatic foodwebs. However, significant biotransformation of some congeners via reductive dehalogenation has been observed during in vivo and in vitro lab ... Full text Cite

Accumulation and DNA damage in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 2 brominated flame-retardant mixtures, Firemaster 550 and Firemaster BZ-54.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · March 2010 Firemaster 550 and Firemaster BZ-54 are two brominated formulations that are in use as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Two major components of these mixtures are 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-ethylhexylbenzoate (TBB) and 2,3,4, ... Full text Cite

House dust concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in relation to hormone levels and semen quality parameters.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · March 2010 BackgroundOrganophosphate (OP) compounds, such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), are commonly used as additive flame retardants and plasticizers in a wide range of materials. Although widespread human ... Full text Cite

Relationships Between Brominated Flame Retardant Concentrations in House Dust and Serum Hormone Levels in Men

Conference Epidemiology · November 2009 Full text Cite

Detection of organophosphate flame retardants in furniture foam and U.S. house dust.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2009 Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the increased use of alternate flame retardant chemicals to meet flammability standards. However, it has been difficult to determine which chemical formulations are currentl ... Full text Cite

Response to "Comment on 'Photodegradation Pathways of Nonabrominated Diphenyl Ethers, 2-Ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate, and Di(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate: Identifying Potential Markers of Photodegradation'"

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2009 Full text Cite

Photodegradation pathways of nonabrominated diphenyl ethers, 2-ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate and di(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate: identifying potential markers of photodegradation.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2009 Photodegradation kinetics of several polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), particularly decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), have been reported in various matrixes, demonstrating that it photodegrades primarily via debromination. However, it has been diffi ... Full text Cite

Identifying transfer mechanisms and sources of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) in indoor environments using environmental forensic microscopy.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2009 Although the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust has been linked to consumer products, the mechanism of transfer remains poorly understood. We conjecture that volatilized PBDEs will be associated with dust particles containing ... Full text Cite

In vitro hepatic metabolism of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 99) in Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha).

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · May 2009 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants that persist in the environment and are present in geographically widespread fish species. PBDE concentrations can be particularly high in resident Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawyt ... Full text Cite

Metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by human hepatocytes in vitro.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · February 2009 BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame-retardant chemicals that accumulate in human tissues and are potential toxicants. Concentrations of PBDEs in human tissues have increased recently, and body burdens in the U.S. and Canadia ... Full text Cite

Response to comment on "Altemate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust"

Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology · December 15, 2008 Full text Cite

Critical factors in assessing exposure to PBDEs via house dust.

Journal Article Environment international · November 2008 Assessment of indoor exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) requires a critical examination of methods that may influence exposure estimates and comparisons between studies. We measured PBDEs in residential dust collected from 20 homes in Bosto ... Full text Cite

Tissue Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Rats Following Oral Exposure and the Relationship to Body Burdens

Conference EPIDEMIOLOGY · November 1, 2008 Link to item Cite

Televisions as Sources of DecaBDE in House Dust

Conference EPIDEMIOLOGY · November 1, 2008 Link to item Cite

Alternate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2008 Due to the voluntary withdrawals and/or bans on the use of two polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) commercial mixtures, an increasing number of alternate flame retardant chemicals are being introduced in commercial applications. To determine if these alte ... Full text Cite

Linking PBDEs in house dust to consumer products using X-ray fluorescence.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · June 2008 The indoor environment is an important source of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of fire retardants used in many household products. Previous attempts to link PBDE concentrations in house dust to consumer products have been hamp ... Full text Cite

Measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on hand wipes: estimating exposure from hand-to-mouth contact.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2008 Estimates of exposure to the flame-retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust are very poor due to limited knowledge about dust ingestion. This study was undertaken to determine if PBDEs could be measured on hand wipes, and if so, to determin ... Full text Cite

Serum levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foam recyclers and carpet installers working in the United States.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · May 2008 Increased exposure to the flame retardants known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may be expected to occur during the recycling of polyurethane foam containing these chemicals. To date, no studies in the United States have investigated occupationa ... Full text Cite

Comparative absorption and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers following ingestion via dust and oil in male rats.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · April 2008 Household dust has been implicated as a major source of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure in humans. This finding has important implications for young children, who tend to ingest more dust than adults and may be more susceptible to some of the ... Full text Cite

Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · February 2008 Photolytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) has been observed in several matrices such as solvent/ water mixtures, sediments, and soil; however, no studies have investigated the degradation potential of BDE 209 in house dust. In the present ... Full text Cite

Serum PBDE Levels in Occupationally Exposed Individuals in the United States

Journal Article Environ Sci & Technol · 2008 Cite

Measurement of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Hand Wipes: Estimating Exposure from Hand to Mouth Contact

Journal Article Environ Sci & Technol · 2008 Cite

Longitudinal Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Household Microenvironments: Characterization of Dust and Relationship to Indoor Air.

Journal Article Environment International · 2008 Cite

Certification of SRM 1589a PCBs, pesticides, PBDEs, and dioxins/furans in human serum.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · October 2007 The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 1589a PCBs, Pesticides, PBDEs, and Dioxins/Furans in Human Serum has been updated to include certified concentration values for 27 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, three chlorinated pesticides, and four polybrom ... Full text Cite

Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) microflora and microsomes.

Journal Article Chemosphere · October 2007 Based on previous findings in dietary studies with carp (Cyprinus carpio), we investigated the mechanism of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) debromination to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) using liver and intestinal components. In ... Full text Cite

New standard reference material (srm) 2585: Organic contaminants in house dust to support exposure assessment measurements

Journal Article American Laboratory · August 1, 2007 The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, US, produced two house dust Standard Reference Materials (SRM) for lead and other trace elements to address indoor exposure to such elements. SRM 2583: Trace Elements in Indoor Du ... Cite

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from the Delaware River, USA.

Journal Article Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · July 2007 Full text Cite

Personal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in residential indoor air.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · July 2007 We used personal air samplers to measure indoor air exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for 20 residents of the Greater Boston Area (Massachusetts). Area air measures were simultaneously collected from two rooms in each participant's home. T ... Full text Cite

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental standard reference materials.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · April 2007 Standard reference materials (SRMs) are valuable tools in developing and validating analytical methods to improve quality assurance standards. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a long history of providing environmental SRMs with ... Full text Cite

PBDE Levels in Indoor Air and Dust Collected From US Urban Residences

Conference Epidemiology · November 2006 Full text Cite

Instrumental methods and challenges in quantifying polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental extracts: a review.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · October 2006 Increased interest in the fate, transport and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) over the past few years has led to a variety of studies reporting different methods of analysis for these persistent organic pollutants. Because PBDEs encompas ... Full text Cite

In vivo and in vitro debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) by juvenile rainbow trout and common carp.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2006 Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), the major congener in the high volume industrial flame retardant mixture "DecaBDE", has recently been shown to be metabolized by carp. To further explore this phenomenon, juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to BDE 209 via ... Full text Cite

Determination of HBCD, PBDEs and MeO-BDEs in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003.

Journal Article Marine pollution bulletin · May 2006 Blubber samples from male California sea lions (Zalphophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003 were analyzed for 27 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, three isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 14 methoxylated polybrominated ... Full text Cite

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor dust standard reference materials.

Journal Article Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · February 2006 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been measured for the first time in three different indoor dust Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Two of these, SRM 2583 (Trace Elements in ... Full text Cite

Certification of a house dust standard reference material for determination of organic contaminants

Conference ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY · August 28, 2005 Link to item Cite

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · February 2005 Few studies have measured the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor environment. Here, we report measurements of PBDEs in house dust samples collected from the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area in the United States. Dust sa ... Full text Cite

Persistent organic pollutants in two dolphin species with focus on toxaphene and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · February 2005 Assessing trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine mammals is difficult due to age, gender, and metabolism influences on accumulation. To help elucidate these effects in dolphins, POP concentrations were determined in the Atlantic white-sid ... Full text Cite

Biotransformation and persistent metabolites of organohalogen contaminants in model marine and aquatic wildlife and populations

Conference DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS · August 1, 2004 Link to item Cite

Dietary accumulation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · August 2004 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants with properties and nomenclature similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). While much information is available on the bioaccumulation and pharamcokinetics of PCBs, little inform ... Full text Cite

Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners BDE 99 and BDE 183 in the intestinal tract of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · February 2004 Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener patterns in biota are often enriched in tetra-, penta-, and hexabrominated diphenyl ethers, which is believed to result from the use of the commercial "pentaBDE" formulation. However, our evidence suggests that ... Full text Cite

Debromination of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) following dietary exposure.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2004 The congener 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) is the primary component in a commonly used flame retardant known as decaBDE. This flame retardant constitutes approximately 80% of the world market demand for polybrominated diphenyl ... Full text Cite

Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the North American environment.

Journal Article Environment international · September 2003 North America consumes over half of the world's production of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. About 98% of global demand for the Penta-BDE mixture, the constituents of which are the most bioaccumulative and environmentally widespread ... Full text Cite

Comparing polybrominated diphenyl ether and polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation in a food web in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · August 2003 Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in Great Lakes salmonids and ambient air have been recently reported, but few studies worldwide have examined the accumulation of BDEs within aquatic food webs. Here we report some of the first measurements o ... Full text Cite

Sedimentary nonylphenol contamination in an urbanized, industrialized segment of the Delaware River estuary, USA.

Journal Article Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · May 2003 Full text Cite

Seasonal dynamics of PCB and toxaphene bioaccumulation within a Lake Michigan food web

Journal Article Journal of Great Lakes Research · January 1, 2002 Seasonal variations in PCB and toxaphene concentrations were measured in bulk zooplankton, mysid shrimp, benthic amphipods, alewife, and bloater chub collected from Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan between April and September of 1997 and 1998. Concentrati ... Full text Cite

Metabolism of PCBs by the deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni).

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · December 2001 Methylsulfonyl-PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants that bioaccumulate in the environment similar to their parent molecules, PCBs. Previously, MeSO2-PCBs have primarily been identified in tissues of birds, humans, and other mammals. Howev ... Full text Cite

Recent declines in PAH, PCB, and toxaphene levels in the northern Great Lakes as determined from high resolution sediment cores.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2001 Sediment cores were collected from two sites in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan in May 1998, dated using 210Pb geochronology, and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxaphene. The extraordi ... Full text Cite

Accumulation of atmospheric and sedimentary PCBs and toxaphene in a Lake Michigan food web.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2001 Seston, sediment, settling organic matter, and food web members were collected from Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, between April 1997 and September 1998 to examine PCB and toxaphene biomagnification. Stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon were analyzed ... Full text Cite